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Losada-Barreiro S, Celik S, Sezgin-Bayindir Z, Bravo-Fernández S, Bravo-Díaz C. Carrier Systems for Advanced Drug Delivery: Improving Drug Solubility/Bioavailability and Administration Routes. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:852. [PMID: 39065549 PMCID: PMC11279846 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The disadvantages of some conventional drugs, including their low bioavailability, poor targeting efficiency, and important side effects, have led to the rational design of drug delivery systems. In particular, the introduction of drug delivery systems is a potential approach to enhance the uptake of therapeutic agents and deliver them at the right time and in the right amount of concentration at the required site, as well as open new strategies for effective illness treatment. In this review, we provide a basic understanding of drug delivery systems with an emphasis on the use of cyclodextrin-, polymer- and surfactant-based delivery systems. These systems are very attractive because they are biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials with multifunctional components. We also provide some details on their design considerations and their use in a variety of medical applications by employing several routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Losada-Barreiro
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain;
| | - Sumeyye Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey (Z.S.-B.)
| | - Zerrin Sezgin-Bayindir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey (Z.S.-B.)
| | - Sofía Bravo-Fernández
- Dentistry Department, Primary Health Unit, Galician Health Service (SERGAS), Calle Mourin s/n, 15330 Ortigueira, A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain;
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2
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Mundaca-Uribe R, Askarinam N, Fang RH, Zhang L, Wang J. Towards multifunctional robotic pills. Nat Biomed Eng 2023:10.1038/s41551-023-01090-6. [PMID: 37723325 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Robotic pills leverage the advantages of oral pharmaceutical formulations-in particular, convenient encapsulation, high loading capacity, ease of manufacturing and high patient compliance-as well as the multifunctionality, increasing miniaturization and sophistication of microrobotic systems. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of major innovations in the development of robotic pills-specifically, oral pills embedded with robotic capabilities based on microneedles, microinjectors, microstirrers or microrockets-summarize current progress and applicational gaps of the technology, and discuss its prospects. We argue that the integration of multiple microrobotic functions within oral delivery systems alongside accurate control of the release characteristics of their payload provides a basis for realizing sophisticated multifunctional robotic pills that operate as closed-loop systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Mundaca-Uribe
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nelly Askarinam
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Gyimesi G, Hediger MA. Transporter-Mediated Drug Delivery. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031151. [PMID: 36770817 PMCID: PMC9919865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane transport of small organic and inorganic molecules is one of the cornerstones of cellular metabolism. Among transmembrane transporters, solute carrier (SLC) proteins form the largest, albeit very diverse, superfamily with over 400 members. It was recognized early on that xenobiotics can directly interact with SLCs and that this interaction can fundamentally determine their efficacy, including bioavailability and intertissue distribution. Apart from the well-established prodrug strategy, the chemical ligation of transporter substrates to nanoparticles of various chemical compositions has recently been used as a means to enhance their targeting and absorption. In this review, we summarize efforts in drug design exploiting interactions with specific SLC transporters to optimize their therapeutic effects. Furthermore, we describe current and future challenges as well as new directions for the advanced development of therapeutics that target SLC transporters.
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4
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Progress in Polymeric Micelles for Drug Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081636. [PMID: 36015262 PMCID: PMC9412594 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric micelles (PMs) have made significant progress in drug delivery applications. A robust core-shell structure, kinetic stability and the inherent ability to solubilize hydrophobic drugs are the highlights of PMs. This review presents the recent advances and understandings of PMs with a focus on the latest drug delivery applications. The types, methods of preparation and characterization of PMs are described along with their applications in oral, parenteral, transdermal, intranasal and other drug delivery systems. The applications of PMs for tumor-targeted delivery have been provided special attention. The safety, quality and stability of PMs in relation to drug delivery are also provided. In addition, advanced polymeric systems and special PMs are also reviewed. The in vitro and in vivo stability assessment of PMs and recent understandings in this area are provided. The patented PMs and clinical trials on PMs for drug delivery applications are considered indicators of their tremendous future applications. Overall, PMs can help overcome many unresolved issues in drug delivery.
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5
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Lu R, Zhou Y, Ma J, Wang Y, Miao X. Strategies and Mechanism in Reversing Intestinal Drug Efflux in Oral Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061131. [PMID: 35745704 PMCID: PMC9228857 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Efflux transporters distributed at the apical side of human intestinal epithelial cells actively transport drugs from the enterocytes to the intestinal lumen, which could lead to extremely poor absorption of drugs by oral administration. Typical intestinal efflux transporters involved in oral drug absorption process mainly include P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Drug efflux is one of the most important factors resulting in poor absorption of oral drugs. Caco-2 monolayer and everted gut sac are sued to accurately measure drug efflux in vitro. To reverse intestinal drug efflux and improve absorption of oral drugs, a great deal of functional amphiphilic excipients and inhibitors with the function of suppressing efflux transporters activity are generalized in this review. In addition, different strategies of reducing intestinal drugs efflux such as silencing transporters and the application of excipients and inhibitors are introduced. Ultimately, various nano-formulations of improving oral drug absorption by inhibiting intestinal drug efflux are discussed. In conclusion, this review has significant reference for overcoming intestinal drug efflux and improving oral drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (R.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.M.); (Y.W.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (R.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jinqian Ma
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (R.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (R.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xiaoqing Miao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (R.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.M.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Khursheed R, Paudel KR, Gulati M, Vishwas S, Jha NK, Hansbro PM, Oliver BG, Dua K, Singh SK. Expanding the arsenal against pulmonary diseases using surface-functionalized polymeric micelles: breakthroughs and bottlenecks. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:881-911. [PMID: 35332783 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases such as lung cancer, asthma and tuberculosis have remained one of the common challenges globally. Polymeric micelles (PMs) have emerged as an effective technique for achieving targeted drug delivery for a local as well as a systemic effect. These PMs encapsulate and protect hydrophobic drugs, increase pulmonary targeting, decrease side effects and enhance drug efficacy through the inhalation route. In the current review, emphasis has been placed on the different barriers encountered by the drugs given via the pulmonary route and the mechanism of PMs in achieving drug targeting. The applications of PMs in different pulmonary diseases have also been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Keshav R Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No. 32-34 Knowledge Park III Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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7
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Ameli H, Alizadeh N. Targeted delivery of capecitabine to colon cancer cells using nano polymeric micelles based on beta cyclodextrin. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4681-4691. [PMID: 35425510 PMCID: PMC8981441 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07791k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano polymeric micelles (nano PMs) help to increase accessibility to tumor sites, decrease side effects and allow controlled drug dissemination over a long period of time. The aim of this study was to optimize the delivery of the anticancer drug capecitabine (CAP) using nano PMs and cyclodextrin (CD) to allow the treatment of colon cancer. A pH-responsive copolymer was prepared and the variables of loading time, loading temperature, the amount of copolymer and also the ratio of acrylic/maleic copolymer to beta CD and the effect that these variables have on drug loading were investigated, with variable optimization studies carried out following a definitive screening design (DSD). The morphology and structure of the particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In vitro drug release exemplified that the micelles were pH-sensitive, this action was shown that firstly the drug release was done perfectly targeted and under control and secondly the drug has been released above 80% inside the colon. Nano polymeric micelles (nano PMs) help to increase accessibility to tumor sites, decrease side effects and allow controlled drug dissemination over a long period of time.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ameli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan P.B. 41335-1914 Rasht Iran
| | - Nina Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan P.B. 41335-1914 Rasht Iran
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8
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Kim HS, Lee DY. Engineered Aurotherapy for the Multimodal Treatment of Glioblastoma. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2022; 10:215-220. [DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2022.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Shik Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) & Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Elixir Pharmatech Inc., Seoul, Korea
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10
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Fu F, Huang Z, Wang W, Wang W, Ma X, Wang L, Huang Y, Hu P, Pan X, Wu C. Interaction between bovine serum albumin and Solutol® HS 15 micelles: A two-stage and concentration-dependent process. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Xu Y, Shrestha N, Préat V, Beloqui A. An overview of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models for studying the transport of drugs across intestinal barriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113795. [PMID: 33989702 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration is the most commonly used route for drug delivery owing to its cost-effectiveness, ease of administration, and high patient compliance. However, the absorption of orally delivered compounds is a complex process that greatly depends on the interplay between the characteristics of the drug/formulation and the gastrointestinal tract. In this contribution, we review the different preclinical models (in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo) from their development to application for studying the transport of drugs across intestinal barriers. This review also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each model. Furthermore, the authors have reviewed the selection and validation of these models and how the limitations of the models can be addressed in future investigations. The correlation and predictability of the intestinal transport data from the preclinical models and human data are also explored. With the increasing popularity and prevalence of orally delivered drugs/formulations, sophisticated preclinical models with higher predictive capacity for absorption of oral formulations used in clinical studies will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Xu
- University of Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Neha Shrestha
- University of Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Véronique Préat
- University of Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ana Beloqui
- University of Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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12
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Pharmaceutical Formulations with P-Glycoprotein Inhibitory Effect as Promising Approaches for Enhancing Oral Drug Absorption and Bioavailability. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071103. [PMID: 34371794 PMCID: PMC8309061 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is crucial in the active transport of various substrates with diverse structures out of cells, resulting in poor intestinal permeation and limited bioavailability following oral administration. P-gp inhibitors, including small molecule drugs, natural constituents, and pharmaceutically inert excipients, have been exploited to overcome P-gp efflux and enhance the oral absorption and bioavailability of many P-gp substrates. The co-administration of small molecule P-gp inhibitors with P-gp substrates can result in drug–drug interactions and increased side effects due to the pharmacological activity of these molecules. On the other hand, pharmaceutically inert excipients, including polymers, surfactants, and lipid-based excipients, are safe, pharmaceutically acceptable, and are not absorbed from the gut. Notably, they can be incorporated in pharmaceutical formulations to enhance drug solubility, absorption, and bioavailability due to the formulation itself and the P-gp inhibitory effects of the excipients. Different formulations with inherent P-gp inhibitory activity have been developed. These include micelles, emulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, microspheres, dendrimers, and solid dispersions. They can bypass P-gp by different mechanisms related to their properties. In this review, we briefly introduce P-gp and P-gp inhibitors, and we extensively summarize the current development of oral drug delivery systems that can bypass and inhibit P-gp to improve the oral absorption and bioavailability of P-gp substrates. Since many drugs are limited by P-gp-mediated efflux, this review is helpful for designing suitable formulations of P-gp substrates to enhance their oral absorption and bioavailability.
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Bai Z, Zhou Q, Zhu H, Ye X, Wu P, Ma L. QTMP, a Novel Thiourea Polymer, Causes DNA Damage to Exert Anticancer Activity and Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667689. [PMID: 34123833 PMCID: PMC8194350 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, and multidrug resistance (MDR) severely restricts the effectiveness of various anticancer drugs. Therefore, the development of novel anticancer drugs for the treatment of CRC patients with MDR is necessary. Quaternized thiourea main-chain polymer (QTMP) is a self-assembled nanoparticle with good water solubility. Notably, QTMP is not a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, and it exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against CRC cells, including HCT116/DDP and P-gp-mediated multidrug-resistant Caco2 cells. QTMP also exhibits a strong anticancer activity against SW480 cells in vivo. Interestingly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production were increased in a concentration-dependent manner in QTMP-treated HCT116, SW480 and Caco2 cells. Importantly, QTMP causes DNA damage in these CRC cells via direct insertion into the DNA or regulation of ROS and/or RNS production. QTMP also induces caspase-dependent apoptosis via overproduction of ROS and RNS. Therefore, QTMP is a promising anticancer therapeutic agent for patients with CRC, including those cancer cells with P-gp-mediated MDR. The present study also indicates that the design and synthesis of anticancer drugs based on thiourea polymers is promising and valuable, thereby offering a new strategy to address MDR, and provides reference resources for further investigations of thiourea polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshi Bai
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huayun Zhu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingping Wu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingman Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Design and Development of D‒α‒Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate‒ block‒Poly(ε-Caprolactone) (TPGS- b-PCL) Nanocarriers for Solubilization and Controlled Release of Paclitaxel. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092690. [PMID: 34064416 PMCID: PMC8125698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize a set of biodegradable block copolymers based on TPGS-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (TPGS-b-PCL) and to assess their self-assembled structures as a nanodelivery system for paclitaxel (PAX). The conjugation of PCL to TPGS was hypothesized to increase the stability and the drug solubilization characteristics of TPGS micelles. TPGS-b-PCL copolymer with various PCL/TPGS ratios were synthesized via ring opening bulk polymerization of ε-caprolactone using TPGS, with different molecular weights of PEG (1–5 kDa), as initiators and stannous octoate as a catalyst. The synthesized copolymers were characterized using 1H NMR, GPC, FTIR, XRD, and DSC. Assembly of block copolymers was achieved via the cosolvent evaporation method. The self-assembled structures were characterized for their size, polydispersity, and CMC using dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. The results from the spectroscopic and thermal analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of the copolymers. Only copolymers that consisted of TPGS with PEG molecular weights ≥ 2000 Da were able to self-assemble and form nanocarriers of ≤200 nm in diameter. Moreover, TPGS2000-b-PCL4000, TPGS3500-b-PCL7000, and TPGS5000-b-PCL15000 micelles enhanced the aqueous solubility of PAX from 0.3 µg/mL up to 88.4 ug/mL in TPGS5000-b-PCL15000. Of the abovementioned micellar formulations, TPGS5000-b-PCL15000 showed the slowest in vitro release of PAX. Specifically, the PAX-loaded TPGS5000-b-PCL15000 micellar formulation showed less than 10% drug release within the first 12 h, and around 36% cumulative drug release within 72 h compared to 61% and 100% PAX release, respectively, from the commercially available formulation (Ebetaxel®) at the same time points. Our results point to a great potential for TPGS-b-PCL micelles to efficiently solubilize and control the release of PAX.
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15
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Redox-responsive prodrug for improving oral bioavailability of paclitaxel through bile acid transporter-mediated pathway. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120496. [PMID: 33746013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most anticancer drugs are not orally bioavailable due to their undesirable physicochemical properties and inherent physiological barriers. In this study, a polymeric prodrug strategy was presented to enhance the oral bioavailability of BCS class IV drugs using paclitaxel (PTX) as the model drug. PTX was covalently conjugated with cholic acid-functionalized PEG by a redox-sensitive disulfide bond. Cholic acid-functionalized PEGylated PTX (CPP) achieved remarkably improved PTX solubility (>30,000-fold), as well as favorable stability under the physiological environment and controlled drug release in the tumor. Meanwhile, CPP could self-assemble into nanoparticles with an average size of 56.18 ± 2.06 nm and drug loading up to 17.6% (w/w). Then, permeability study on Caco-2 cell monolayers demonstrated that CPP obtained an approximately 4-fold increase by apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) mediated transport, compared with Taxol®. Pharmacokinetic studies carried out in rats confirmed that the oral bioavailability of CPP was 10-fold higher than that of Taxol®. Finally, significant improvement in the antitumor efficacy of CPP against breast cancer was confirmed on MDA-MB-231 cells. In summary, this prodrug-based cascade strategy offers new ways for chemotherapeutic drugs whose oral delivery is limited by solubility and permeability, also endows drugs with the capacity of tumor-specific release.
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16
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Zafar A, Alruwaili NK, Imam SS, Hadal Alotaibi N, Alharbi KS, Afzal M, Ali R, Alshehri S, Alzarea SI, Elmowafy M, Alhakamy NA, Ibrahim MF. Bioactive Apigenin loaded oral nano bilosomes: Formulation optimization to preclinical assessment. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:269-279. [PMID: 33981176 PMCID: PMC8085606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Diabetic (type-2) is a metabolic disease characterized by increased blood glucose level from the normal level. In the present study, apigenin (AG) loaded lipid vesicles (bilosomes: BIL) was prepared, optimized and evaluated for the oral therapeutic efficacy. EXPERIMENTAL AG-BIL was prepared by a thin-film evaporation method using cholesterol, span 60 and sodium deoxycholate. The prepared formulation was optimized by 3-factor and 3-level Box-Behnken design using particle size, entrapment efficiency and drug release as a response. The selected formulation further evaluated for ex-vivo permeation, in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics study. RESULTS The optimized AG bilosomes (AG-BILopt) has shown the vesicle size 183.25 ± 2.43 nm, entrapment efficiency 81.67 ± 4.87%. TEM image showed a spherical shape vesicle with sharp boundaries. The drug release study revealed a significant enhancement in AG release (79.45 ± 4.18%) from AG-BILopt as compared to free AG-dispersion (25.47 ± 3.64%). The permeation and pharmacokinetic studies result revealed 4.49 times higher flux and 4.67 folds higher AUC0-t than free AG-dispersion. The antidiabetic activity results showed significant (P < 0.05) enhancement in therapeutic efficacy than free AG-dispersion. The results also showed marked improvement in biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested, the prepared apigenin loaded bilosomes was found to be an efficient delivery in the therapeutic efficacy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil K. Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Hadal Alotaibi
- Department of clinical pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Central Lab, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Almaarefa University, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Ind. Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Ind. Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Brzeziński M, Socka M, Makowski T, Kost B, Cieślak M, Królewska-Golińska K. Microfluidic-assisted nanoprecipitation of biodegradable nanoparticles composed of PTMC/PCL (co)polymers, tannic acid and doxorubicin for cancer treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 201:111598. [PMID: 33618081 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed towards the development of a novel microfluidic approach for the preparation of (co)polymeric and hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) composed of (co)polymers/tannic acid (TA) in the microfluidic flow-focusing glass-capillary device. The MiliQ water was used as water phase, whereas the organic phase was composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) homopolymers and (co)polymers with different proportion of comonomers which were prepared via enzymatic polymerization that allows avoiding the usage of potentially toxic catalyst. To prepare hybrid NPs, TA was additionally added to the organic phase. Subsequently, as a result of mixing between these distinct phases in microfluidic channels, the nanoprecipitation in the form of spherical NPs occurs. The size of NPs was tuned over the range of 140-230 nm by controlling phase flow rates and the composition of NPs. Moreover, the release studies of the encapsulated anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) demonstrated that the drug release is greatly influenced by the (co)polymers composition, their molecular weight, NPs size, and the presence of TA. The antitumor activities of the (co)polymeric and hybrid NPs toward breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were tested in vitro. Among all tested formulation, the NPs composed of PCL/TA most efficiently inhibit the cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells, most importantly, their efficiency was higher than free DOX. The proposed strategy may provide an efficient alternative for the construction of nanocarriers with great potential in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Brzeziński
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marta Socka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Makowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Kost
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Cieślak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Królewska-Golińska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
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18
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Islam N, Irfan M, Khan SUD, Syed HK, Iqbal MS, Khan IU, Mahdy A, Raafat M, Hossain MA, Inam S, Munir R, Ishtiaq M. Poloxamer-188 and d-α-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate (TPGS-1000) Mixed Micelles Integrated Orodispersible Sublingual Films to Improve Oral Bioavailability of Ebastine; In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:54. [PMID: 33406587 PMCID: PMC7823785 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Orodispersible sublingual films (OSFs) composed of hydrophilic polymers were loaded with poloxamer-188 and d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS-1000) mixed micelles to improve the oral bioavailability of a poorly soluble drug, ebastine (EBT). Mixed micelles formed by thin-film hydration method were incorporated into orodispersible sublingual film, consisting of HPMC and glycerol, using solvent casting technique. The mixed micelles and films were thoroughly evaluated for physicochemical characterization (size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, thickness, weight, surface pH studies, disintegration time, swelling indices, mechanical properties, FTIR, PXRD, DSC, SEM, AFM, in vitro drug release, in vivo bioavailability, and toxicological studies). The results showed that the average particle size of mixed micelles was 73 nm. The mean zeta potential and PDI of the optimal mixed micelles formulation were -26 mV and 0.16, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum entrapment efficiency 82% was attained. The film's disintegration time was in the range of 28 to 102 s in aqueous media. The integrity of micelles was not affected upon incorporation in films. Importantly, the micelles-loaded films revealed rapid absorption, high permeability, and increased bioavailability of EBT as compared to the pure drug. The existence of ebastine loaded mixed micelles in the films enhanced the bioavailability about 2.18 folds as compared to pure drug. Further, the results evidently established in-vitro and in-vivo performance of bioavailability enhancement, biocompatibility, and good safety profile of micelles-loaded orodispersible EBT films. Finally, it was concluded that film loaded with poloxamer-188/TPGS-1000 mixed micelles could be an effective carrier system for enhancing the bioavailability of ebastine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayyer Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.I.); (H.K.S.); (I.U.K.), (S.I.), (R.M.), (M.I.)
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.I.); (H.K.S.); (I.U.K.), (S.I.), (R.M.), (M.I.)
| | - Salah-Ud-Din Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Haroon Khalid Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.I.); (H.K.S.); (I.U.K.), (S.I.), (R.M.), (M.I.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ikram Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.I.); (H.K.S.); (I.U.K.), (S.I.), (R.M.), (M.I.)
| | - Amina Mahdy
- Pharmacology Department, International School of Medicine, Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey; or
| | - Mohamed Raafat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Akbar Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sana Inam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.I.); (H.K.S.); (I.U.K.), (S.I.), (R.M.), (M.I.)
| | - Rabia Munir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.I.); (H.K.S.); (I.U.K.), (S.I.), (R.M.), (M.I.)
| | - Memoona Ishtiaq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.I.); (H.K.S.); (I.U.K.), (S.I.), (R.M.), (M.I.)
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19
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Xu G, Bao X, Yao P. Protamine and BSA-dextran complex emulsion improves oral bioavailability and anti-tumor efficacy of paclitaxel. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:1360-1368. [PMID: 32985911 PMCID: PMC7580837 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1825543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food protein and polysaccharide complex emulsions are safe carriers of hydrophobic drugs and nutrients. To improve oral bioavailability and therapeutic/healthy efficacy of hydrophobic drugs and nutrients, herein, protamine (PRO), a cationic cell-penetrating peptide, was introduced into protein and polysaccharide complex emulsion. The electrostatic complex of PRO and BSA-dextran conjugate (BD) produced by Maillard reaction was used as emulsifier to produce oil-in-water emulsion (@BD/PRO). The BSA molecules were crosslinked at the oil-water interface by a heat treatment and the PRO chains were simultaneously anchored in the interface. BD emulsion (@BD) without PRO was produced for comparation. Paclitaxel (PTX), a hydrophobic antineoplastic drug, was encapsulated in the emulsions with 99% loading efficiency and 6.4% loading capacity. The emulsions had long-term stability. The bioavailability and H22 tumor inhibition efficacy of PTX@BD/PRO were 40% and 70% higher than those of PTX@BD, respectively, after oral administration in the mice. More importantly, orally administrated PTX@BD/PRO had the same anti-tumor efficacy as intravenously injected commercial PTX injection. No abnormality was observed in the main organs of the mice after consecutive oral administration of PTX@BD/PRO. This study indicates that @BD/PRO is an excellent carrier of hydrophobic drugs/nutrients and is suitable for long-term oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Lang X, Wang T, Sun M, Chen X, Liu Y. Advances and applications of chitosan-based nanomaterials as oral delivery carriers: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:433-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Shen C, Zhu J, Song J, Wang J, Shen B, Yuan H, Li X. Formulation of pluronic F127/TPGS mixed micelles to improve the oral absorption of glycyrrhizic acid. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1100-1107. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1775634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Shen
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Zhu
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Song
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Baode Shen
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiaofang Li
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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