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Cao Z, Cao P. Research Progress on Low-Surface-Energy Antifouling Coatings for Ship Hulls: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:502. [PMID: 37887633 PMCID: PMC10603911 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8060502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesion of marine-fouling organisms to ships significantly increases the hull surface resistance and expedites hull material corrosion. This review delves into the marine biofouling mechanism on marine material surfaces, analyzing the fouling organism adhesion process on hull surfaces and common desorption methods. It highlights the crucial role played by surface energy in antifouling and drag reduction on hulls. The paper primarily concentrates on low-surface-energy antifouling coatings, such as organic silicon and organic fluorine, for ship hull antifouling and drag reduction. Furthermore, it explores the antifouling mechanisms of silicon-based and fluorine-based low-surface-energy antifouling coatings, elucidating their respective advantages and limitations in real-world applications. This review also investigates the antifouling effectiveness of bionic microstructures based on the self-cleaning abilities of natural organisms. It provides a thorough analysis of antifouling and drag reduction theories and preparation methods linked to marine organism surface microstructures, while also clarifying the relationship between microstructure surface antifouling and surface hydrophobicity. Furthermore, it reviews the impact of antibacterial agents, especially antibacterial peptides, on fouling organisms' adhesion to substrate surfaces and compares the differing effects of surface structure and substances on ship surface antifouling. The paper outlines the potential applications and future directions for low-surface-energy antifouling coating technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Cao
- Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing and Smart Transportation, Suzhou City University, Suzhou 215104, China
| | - Pan Cao
- College of mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
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2
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Liu D, Shu H, Zhou J, Bai X, Cao P. Research Progress on New Environmentally Friendly Antifouling Coatings in Marine Settings: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8020200. [PMID: 37218786 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Any equipment submerged in the ocean will have its surface attacked by fouling organisms, which can cause serious damage. Traditional antifouling coatings contain heavy metal ions, which also have a detrimental effect on the marine ecological environment and cannot fulfill the needs of practical applications. As the awareness of environmental protection is increasing, new environmentally friendly and broad-spectrum antifouling coatings have become the current research hotspot in the field of marine antifouling. This review briefly outlines the formation process of biofouling and the fouling mechanism. Then, it describes the research progress of new environmentally friendly antifouling coatings in recent years, including fouling release antifouling coatings, photocatalytic antifouling coatings and natural antifouling agents derived from biomimetic strategies, micro/nanostructured antifouling materials and hydrogel antifouling coatings. Highlights include the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides and the means of preparation of modified surfaces. This category of antifouling materials has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and environmental friendliness and is expected to be a new type of marine antifouling coating with desirable antifouling functions. Finally, the future research directions of antifouling coatings are prospected, which are intended to provide a reference for the development of efficient, broad-spectrum and green marine antifouling coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Haobo Shu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jiangwei Zhou
- School of International Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuqin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
| | - Pan Cao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
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3
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Teixeira GTL, do Nascimento JPL, Gelamo RV, Moreto JA, Slade NBL. Strategies for Functionalization of Metallic Surfaces with Bioactive Peptides: a Mini Review. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Lou T, Bai X, He X, Liu W, Yang Z, Yang Y, Yuan C. Enhanced antifouling properties of marine antimicrobial peptides by PEGylation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1124389. [PMID: 36777243 PMCID: PMC9909351 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1124389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent immobilisation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on underwater surfaces to combat marine biofouling is of great interest as it is an efficient, broad-spectrum and environmentally friendly strategy. Similar to post-translational modifications of natural proteins, artificial modifications of antimicrobial peptides can introduce important impacts on their properties and functions. The present work revealed the enhanced effect of PEGylation on the antifouling properties of marine antimicrobial peptides (LWFYTMWH) through grafting the modified peptides on aluminium surfaces. PEG was coupled to the peptide by solid-phase peptide synthesis, and the PEGylated peptides were bioconjugated to the aluminium surfaces which was pre-treated by aryldiazonium salts to introduce carboxyl groups. The carboxy group has been activated through the reaction with 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide. The successful modification was confirmed via FT-IR and XPS. Interestingly, the PEGylated peptides modified surfaces could kill 90.0% Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and 76.1% Bacillus sp. (Gram-positive), and showed better antifouling performance than the original peptides modified surfaces. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations showed PEGylation could enhance the ability of peptides to destroy membrane. The PEGylated peptides inserted into the membrane and induced the change in local curvature of membrane, leading to the rupture of membrane. The presence of PEG changed the antimicrobial peptides into more flexible conformations and the high hydrophilicity of PEG hindered the settlement of bacteria. These might be the two main working mechanisms for the increased antifouling efficiency of PEGylated peptides modified surface. This study provided a feasible modification strategy of antimicrobial peptides to enhance their antifouling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lou
- Reliability Engineering Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuqin Bai
- Reliability Engineering Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Xiuqin Bai,
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Reliability Engineering Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Wencheng Liu
- Reliability Engineering Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zongcheng Yang
- Reliability Engineering Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Chengqing Yuan
- Reliability Engineering Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Teixeira GTL, Gelamo RV, Mateus Santos Obata M, Andrade Silva LED, Silva MVD, Oliveira CJFD, Silva BPD, Aoki IV, Moreto JA, Slade NBL. Exploring the functionalization of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with the novel antimicrobial peptide JIChis-2 via plasma polymerization. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:47-63. [PMID: 36856008 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2183121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the immobilization of the novel JIChis-2 peptide on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, widely used in the biomedical sector. The antimicrobial activity of JIChis-2 was evaluated in the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli. Its immobilization occurred by inducing the formation of covalent bonds between the N-terminus of the peptides and the surface previously submitted to acrylic acid polymerization via the PECVD technique. Coated and uncoated surfaces were characterized by FTIR, AFM, SEM and EDX. Studies of global and localized corrosion were carried out, seeking to explore the effects triggered by surface treatment in an aggressive environment. Additionally, the ability of the functionalized material to prevent E. coli biofilm formation evidenced that the strategy to immobilize JIChis-2 in the Ti-6Al-4V alloy via PECVD of acrylic acid resulted in the development of a functional material with antibiofilm properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Teresinha Lima Teixeira
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences and Education, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Univerdecidade, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogério Valentim Gelamo
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Institute of Technological and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Univerdecidade, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Malu Mateus Santos Obata
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlo José Freire de Oliveira
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Brunela Pereira da Silva
- Polytechnic School, Chemical Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Polytechnic School, Chemical Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Aparecido Moreto
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences and Education, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Univerdecidade, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natália Bueno Leite Slade
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences and Education, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Univerdecidade, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Saha R, Bhattacharya D, Mukhopadhyay M. Advances in modified antimicrobial peptides as marine antifouling material. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Roupie C, Labat B, Morin-Grognet S, Echalard A, Ladam G, Thébault P. Dual-functional antibacterial and osteogenic nisin-based layer-by-layer coatings. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112479. [PMID: 34857265 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Implanted biomaterials can be regarded in a cornerstone in the domain of bone surgery. Their surfaces are expected to fulfil two particular requirements: preventing the settlement and the development of bacteria, and stimulating bone cells in view to foster osseointegration. Therefore, a modern approach consists in the design of dual functional coatings with both antibacterial and osteogenic features. To this end, we developed ultrathin Layer-by-Layer (LbL) coatings composed of biocompatible polyelectrolytes, namely chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and poly-l-lysine (PLL). The coatings were crosslinked with genipin (GnP), a natural and biocompatible crosslinking agent, to increase their resistance against environmental changes, and to confer them adequate mechanical properties with regards to bone cell behaviors. Antibacterial activity was obtained with nisin Z, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), which is active against gram-positive bacteria. The coatings had a significant bactericidal impact upon Staphylococcus aureus, with fully maintained bone cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Roupie
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, Bd Maurice de Broglie, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France; Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Évreux, France
| | - Béatrice Labat
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Évreux, France
| | - Sandrine Morin-Grognet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Évreux, France
| | - Aline Echalard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Évreux, France
| | - Guy Ladam
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Évreux, France
| | - Pascal Thébault
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, Bd Maurice de Broglie, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France.
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Yu K, Alzahrani A, Khoddami S, Cheng JTJ, Mei Y, Gill A, Luo HD, Haney EF, Hilpert K, Hancock REW, Lange D, Kizhakkedathu JN. Rapid Assembly of Infection-Resistant Coatings: Screening and Identification of Antimicrobial Peptides Works in Cooperation with an Antifouling Background. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36784-36799. [PMID: 34328312 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion and the succeeding biofilm formation onto surfaces are responsible for implant- and device-associated infections. Bifunctional coatings integrating both nonfouling components and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising approach to develop potent antibiofilm coatings. However, the current approaches and chemistry for such coatings are time-consuming and dependent on substrates and involve a multistep process. Also, the information is limited on the influence of the coating structure or its components on the antibiofilm activity of such AMP-based coatings. Here, we report a new strategy to rapidly assemble a stable, potent, and substrate-independent AMP-based antibiofilm coating in a nonfouling background. The coating structure allowed for the screening of AMPs in a relevant nonfouling background to identify optimal peptide combinations that work in cooperation to generate potent antibiofilm activity. The structure of the coating was changed by altering the organization of the hydrophilic polymer chains within the coatings. The coatings were thoroughly characterized using various surface analytical techniques and correlated with the efficiency to prevent biofilm formation against diverse bacteria. The coating method that allowed the conjugation of AMPs without altering the steric protection ability of hydrophilic polymer structure results in a bifunctional surface coating with excellent antibiofilm activity. In contrast, the conjugation of AMPs directly to the hydrophilic polymer chains resulted in a surface with poor antibiofilm activity and increased adhesion of bacteria. Using this coating approach, we further established a new screening method and identified a set of potent surface-tethered AMPs with high activity. The success of this new peptide screening and coating method is demonstrated using a clinically relevant mouse infection model to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yu
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Amal Alzahrani
- The Stone Centre at VGH, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Sara Khoddami
- The Stone Centre at VGH, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - John T J Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yan Mei
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Arshdeep Gill
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Haiming D Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Evan F Haney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kai Hilpert
- Institute of Infection and Immunology, St. George's University of London (SGUL), London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dirk Lange
- The Stone Centre at VGH, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Construction of antifouling fluorinated polymer brush via activators regenerated by electron transfer ATRP and thiol-epoxy click reaction. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Greer HM, Overton K, Ferguson MA, Spain EM, Darling LEO, Núñez ME, Volle CB. Extracellular Polymeric Substance Protects Some Cells in an Escherichia coli Biofilm from the Biomechanical Consequences of Treatment with Magainin 2. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050976. [PMID: 33946431 PMCID: PMC8147140 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms have long been recognized as a source of persistent infections and industrial contamination with their intransigence generally attributed to their protective layer of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). EPS, consisting of secreted nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides, make it difficult to fully eliminate biofilms by conventional chemical or physical means. Since most bacteria are capable of forming biofilms, understanding how biofilms respond to new antibiotic compounds and components of the immune system has important ramifications. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are both potential novel antibiotic compounds and part of the immune response in many different organisms. Here, we use atomic force microscopy to investigate the biomechanical changes that occur in individual cells when a biofilm is exposed to the AMP magainin 2 (MAG2), which acts by permeabilizing bacterial membranes. While MAG2 is able to prevent biofilm initiation, cells in an established biofilm can withstand exposure to high concentrations of MAG2. Treated cells in the biofilm are classified into two distinct populations after treatment: one population of cells is indistinguishable from untreated cells, maintaining cellular turgor pressure and a smooth outer surface, and the second population of cells are softer than untreated cells and have a rough outer surface after treatment. Notably, the latter population is similar to planktonic cells treated with MAG2. The EPS likely reduces the local MAG2 concentration around the stiffer cells since once the EPS was enzymatically removed, all cells became softer and had rough outer surfaces. Thus, while MAG2 appears to have the same mechanism of action in biofilm cells as in planktonic ones, MAG2 cannot eradicate a biofilm unless coupled with the removal of the EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Greer
- Department of Biology, Cottey College, Nevada, MO 64772, USA; (H.M.G.); (K.O.)
| | - Kanesha Overton
- Department of Biology, Cottey College, Nevada, MO 64772, USA; (H.M.G.); (K.O.)
| | - Megan A. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA;
| | - Eileen M. Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA;
| | - Louise E. O. Darling
- Department of Biological Sciences and Program in Biochemistry, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA;
| | - Megan E. Núñez
- Department of Chemistry and Program in Biochemistry, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA;
| | - Catherine B. Volle
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Cornell College, Mount Vernon, IA 52314, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(319)-895-4413
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Gao X, Ma X, Han X, Wang X, Li S, Yao J, Shi W. Synthesis of carbon dot-ZnO-based nanomaterials for antibacterial application. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ZnO-based antibacterial materials have attracted significant attention in academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering/Key Laboratory of Cosmetic
- China National Light Industry
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Xiaotong Ma
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering/Key Laboratory of Cosmetic
- China National Light Industry
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Xinyu Han
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering/Key Laboratory of Cosmetic
- China National Light Industry
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering/Key Laboratory of Cosmetic
- China National Light Industry
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Shujing Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering/Key Laboratory of Cosmetic
- China National Light Industry
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Jian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Wenying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
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