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Wang Y, Li C, Li Z, Moalin M, den Hartog GJM, Zhang M. Computational Chemistry Strategies to Investigate the Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids-An Overview. Molecules 2024; 29:2627. [PMID: 38893503 PMCID: PMC11173571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite several decades of research, the beneficial effect of flavonoids on health is still enigmatic. Here, we focus on the antioxidant effect of flavonoids, which is elementary to their biological activity. A relatively new strategy for obtaining a more accurate understanding of this effect is to leverage computational chemistry. This review systematically presents various computational chemistry indicators employed over the past five years to investigate the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. We categorize these strategies into five aspects: electronic structure analysis, thermodynamic analysis, kinetic analysis, interaction analysis, and bioavailability analysis. The principles, characteristics, and limitations of these methods are discussed, along with current trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalized Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (C.L.); (G.J.M.d.H.)
| | - Chujie Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalized Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (C.L.); (G.J.M.d.H.)
| | - Zhengwen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China;
| | - Mohamed Moalin
- Research Centre Material Sciences, Zuyd University of Applied Science, 6400 AN Heerlen, The Netherlands;
| | - Gertjan J. M. den Hartog
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalized Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (C.L.); (G.J.M.d.H.)
| | - Ming Zhang
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China
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Rajasekar M, Mary J, Sivakumar M, Selvam M. Recent developments in sunscreens based on chromophore compounds and nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2529-2563. [PMID: 38226149 PMCID: PMC10788710 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08178h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sunscreen formulations have undergone significant advancements in recent years, with a focus on improving UV radiation protection, photostability, and environmental sustainability. Chromophore compounds and nanoparticles have emerged as key components in these developments. This review highlights the latest research and innovations in chromophore compounds and nanoparticle-based sunscreens. It discusses the role of nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, in scattering and absorbing UV radiation while remaining cosmetically acceptable. Chromophore compounds, encapsulated in nanoparticles, are explored for their potential to enhance UV protection by absorbing specific wavelengths of light. Additionally, advances in photo-stability, broad-spectrum protection, antioxidant inclusion, and biodegradability are discussed. The evolving landscape of sunscreen technology aims to provide more effective and environment-friendly solutions for safeguarding skin from the sun's harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Rajasekar
- Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University) Chennai - 600 119 Tamil Nadu India +91-9710230530
| | - Jennita Mary
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University) Chennai 600119 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Meenambigai Sivakumar
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University) Chennai 600119 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Masilamani Selvam
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University) Chennai 600119 Tamil Nadu India
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3
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Su R, Huang Z. A brand-new type of excited-state proton transfer (ESIPT) molecule based on sulfoxide/sulfenic acid tautomerism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27566-27573. [PMID: 37807837 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02624h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The excited-state proton transfer (ESIPT) behavior of organic fluorophores has attracted much attention due to their unique photophysical properties. So far, ESIPT studies have mainly focused on the transfer of hydrogen atoms between N-N, N-O, or O-O. In this work, a brand-new type of ESIPT molecule based on sulfoxide/sulfenic acid tautomerism has been thoroughly investigated. The sulfoxide/sulfenic acid tautomerization process requires one step and two steps in the ground and first excited singlet states, respectively. A range of density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory methods have been employed to investigate these structures, and the changes in aromaticity may be responsible for obtaining the ESIPT process. This work presents a novel ESIPT process, showcasing molecules that exhibit distinctive properties compared to conventional ESIPT compounds. These findings are expected to expand the horizons of experimental research in ESIPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchuan Su
- Department of Pharmacology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China.
| | - Zhenmei Huang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
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Guo Y, Wang M, Wu Z, Shi Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, Jin B, Cui S, Zhao G. Ultrafast non-adiabatic dynamics of stilbene-based plant-derived sunscreens with cis-trans isomerization structures. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 298:122759. [PMID: 37119635 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the potential UV protection mechanism of the natural compounds hydroxy resveratrol and pterostilbene by combining theoretical calculations and femtosecond transient absorption spectra (FTAS). The UV absorption spectra showed that the two compounds exhibited strong absorption properties and high photostability. We found two molecules will reach the S1 state or an even higher excited state after UV exposure and molecules in S1 will cross a lower energy barrier to reach the conical intersection. The adiabatic trans-cis isomerization process happened and finally return to the ground. Meanwhile, FTAS clarified the time scale of trans-cis isomerization of two molecules was ∼ 10 ps, which also met the requirement of fast energy relaxation. This work also provides theoretical guidance for developing new sunscreen molecules from natural stilbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, MeChem Group, Molecular Dynamic Chemistry Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, MeChem Group, Molecular Dynamic Chemistry Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Zibo Wu
- Department of Chemistry, MeChem Group, Molecular Dynamic Chemistry Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, MeChem Group, Molecular Dynamic Chemistry Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shen Cui
- Department of Chemistry, MeChem Group, Molecular Dynamic Chemistry Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Guangjiu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, MeChem Group, Molecular Dynamic Chemistry Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
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Taniguchi M, LaRocca CA, Bernat JD, Lindsey JS. Digital Database of Absorption Spectra of Diverse Flavonoids Enables Structural Comparisons and Quantitative Evaluations. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1087-1119. [PMID: 36848595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids play diverse roles in plants, comprise a non-negligible fraction of net primary photosynthetic production, and impart beneficial effects in human health from a plant-based diet. Absorption spectroscopy is an essential tool for quantitation of flavonoids isolated from complex plant extracts. The absorption spectra of flavonoids typically consist of two major bands, band I (300-380 nm) and band II (240-295 nm), where the former engenders a yellow color; in some flavonoids the absorption tails to 400-450 nm. The absorption spectra of 177 flavonoids and analogues of natural or synthetic origin have been assembled, including molar absorption coefficients (109 from the literature, 68 measured here). The spectral data are in digital form and can be viewed and accessed at http://www.photochemcad.com. The database enables comparison of the absorption spectral features of 12 distinct types of flavonoids including flavan-3-ols (e.g., catechin, epigallocatechin), flavanones (e.g., hesperidin, naringin), 3-hydroxyflavanones (e.g., taxifolin, silybin), isoflavones (e.g., daidzein, genistein), flavones (e.g., diosmin, luteolin), and flavonols (e.g., fisetin, myricetin). The structural features that give rise to shifts in wavelength and intensity are delineated. The availability of digital absorption spectra for diverse flavonoids facilitates analysis and quantitation of these valuable plant secondary metabolites. Four examples are provided of calculations─multicomponent analysis, solar ultraviolet photoprotection, sun protection factor (SPF), and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)─for which the spectra and accompanying molar absorption coefficients are sine qua non.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Connor A LaRocca
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jake D Bernat
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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6
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Molecular Modeling Based on Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) Applied to the UV-Vis Spectra of Natural Compounds. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As diseases caused by solar radiation have gained great prominence, several methods to prevent them have been developed. Among the most common, the use of sunscreens is customary and accessible. The application of theoretical methods has helped to design new compounds with therapeutic and protective functions. Natural compounds with described photoprotective potential properties (3-O-methylquercetin, gallic acid, aloin, catechin, quercetin, and resveratrol) were selected to perform theoretical studies. Computational methods were applied to predict their absorption spectra, using DFT and TD-DFT methods with functional B3LYP/6−311+g(d,p) basis sets and methanol (IEFPCM) as a solvent. The main electronic transitions of the compounds were evaluated by observing whether the differences in HOMO and LUMO energies that absorb in the UV range are UVA (320–400 nm), UVB (290–320 nm), or UVC (100–290 nm). Experimental validation was carried out for EMC, quercetin, and resveratrol, demonstrating the consistency of the computational method. Results obtained suggest that resveratrol is a candidate for use in sunscreens. The study provided relevant information about the in silico predictive power of natural molecules with the potential for use as photoprotective adjuvants, which may result in fewer time and resource expenditures in the search for photoprotective compounds.
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Zhang Y, Shang C, Cao Y, Sun C. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics studies on the photoprotection mechanisms of three chalcones. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Zhang Y, Shang C, Cao Y, Ma M, Sun C. Insights into the photophysical properties of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzazoles derivatives: Application of ESIPT mechanism on UV absorbers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121559. [PMID: 35777226 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this present work, four novel molecules (BPN, BPNS, BPS, and BPSN), possessing excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) characteristics, were designed to quantify the impacts of substituent effects on their photophysical properties. By exploring the primary geometrical parameters concerning hydrogen bonds, it should be noticed that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IHBs) of the studied molecules have been strengthened at S1 state. Infrared vibrational spectra analysis illustrates that adding electron-donating group thiophene to the proton donor side can weaken the IHBs in comparison to the electron-withdrawing group pyridine. Through investigating the absorption and fluorescence spectra, it can be clearly found that the maximum absorption peaks of the studied molecules are all located in the UVA region, and their regions of fluorescence peaks are harmless to human skin. Furthermore, considering the light intensity factor, it can be concluded that BPNS is the most potential to be used as UV absorbers in the studied molecules. This work investigates the effects of the positions and types of substituent groups on photophysical properties of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzazoles derivatives, which can help design and exploit novel UV absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Changjiao Shang
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yunjian Cao
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Min Ma
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chaofan Sun
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Han Y, Jia Y, Wang X, Chen Z, Jin P, Jia M, Pan H, Sun Z, Chen J. Ultrafast Excited State Dynamics of Two Non-emissive Flavonoids that Undergo Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer in Solution. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Shang C, Zhang Y, Sun C, Wang L. Tactfully improve the antioxidant activity of 2′-hydroxychalcone with the strategy of substituent, solvent and intramolecular hydrogen bond effects. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Shang C, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Ma M, Sun C. Paying Comprehensive Attention to the ESPT Mechanism and Luminescent Property of Salicylic Acid and Its Derivatives in Various Microenvironments. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changjiao Shang
- College of Science Northeast Forestry University Harbin Heilongjiang 150040 China
| | - Yunjian Cao
- College of Science Northeast Forestry University Harbin Heilongjiang 150040 China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- College of Science Northeast Forestry University Harbin Heilongjiang 150040 China
| | - Min Ma
- College of Science Northeast Forestry University Harbin Heilongjiang 150040 China
| | - Chaofan Sun
- College of Science Northeast Forestry University Harbin Heilongjiang 150040 China
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12
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Theoretical study on the optical properties of an ESIPT-based fluorescent probe for phosgene. J Mol Model 2022; 28:195. [PMID: 35727345 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent probe Pi with the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) properties was synthesized and used to detect the phosgene in solution and gas phases. However, the detection mechanism of the fluorescent probe needs to be further studied. Herein, the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods were adopted to explore the molecular structures and electronic spectra properties of probe and its product Pio after reacting with phosgene. Through analysis for molecular structure parameters and infrared vibrations accompanied with the hydrogen bond of Pi, it is confirmed that the intramolecular hydrogen bond of Pi is enhanced under light excitation, which illustrates the occurrence of ESIPT reaction combined with the scanned potential energy curves. It can be seen from the simulated spectra that Pi shows double fluorescence through ESIPT process, while the fluorescent product Pio exhibits the single fluorescence due to the disappearance of intramolecular hydrogen bond. Through the study on the structure and optical properties of Pi and Pio, it can be helpful to deeply understand the intrinsic mechanism of the detection of phosgene by the Pi molecule probe, which also supplies a reference to the further study about the fluorescence probe.
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Zhang H, Li Z, Liu J, Wang Y. Effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonds on the proton transfer and fluorescence characteristics of 1′-hydroxy-2′-acetonaphthone. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Ushakou D, Wróblewski T. Scutellarein in organic solvents: changes in spectroscopic properties caused by solute-solvent interactions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 273:121027. [PMID: 35182824 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the spectroscopic properties of scutellarein (6-hydroxyapigenin) were studied in three organic solvents (methanol, acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide) taking into account possible ionization and isomerization (tautomerization) processes. Significant visible colour changes were reported in the case of scutellarein in N,N-dimethylformamide. It was shown that isomerization processes can be one of the reasons for the observed changes in absorption spectrum, because some scutellarein isomers have an absorption band at about 623 nm while other forms of scutellarein show no absorption in this region. Moreover, spectroscopic properties were studied for cases of scutellarein in acetonitrile and methanol. The molar extinction coefficient has been found in the case of methanol solution which could be used to determine scutellarein concentration in this solvent using spectroscopic methods in future studies. The quantum-chemical calculations were performed for neutral and anionic forms and for two types of possible isomers of scutellarein in each solvent. The results help explain the experimentally observed rising absorption in the 500-750 nm wavelength range. Another important result of the quantum-chemical calculations is a prediction of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in scutellarein. This result has been obtained for free molecule in vacuum and in the cases of methanol, acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide solution. It was found that the excited state energy of the normal molecular form is higher than the excited state energy of the tautomer form of scutellarein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitryi Ushakou
- Pomeranian University in Słupsk, str. Arciszewskiego 22b, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Wróblewski
- Pomeranian University in Słupsk, str. Arciszewskiego 22b, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
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Zhang Y, Ma M, Shang C, Cao Y, Sun C. Theoretical Study on the Atom-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives with Faint Emission as Potential Sunscreens. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14848-14855. [PMID: 35557698 PMCID: PMC9088953 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two novel compounds (HQS and HQSe) with excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) properties were designed based on the compound 2-(2-hydroxy-3-ethoxyphenyl)-3H-quinazolin-4-one (HQ). The parameters related to the ESIPT properties and electronic spectra of HQ and its derivatives were calculated using density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory methods. The obtained geometric configurations, infrared vibrational spectra, and reduced density gradient scatter plots have shown that the intramolecular hydrogen bond O1···H1-N1 has been weakened upon photoexcitation. Moreover, from the scanned potential energy curves, it can be found that the ESIPT processes of the three compounds have no energy barriers. It is noteworthy that HQS and HQSe can strongly absorb light in the UVA region (∼340 nm) and exhibit weak fluorescence emission in the visible light region, which comes from the keto configuration. The special optical properties of HQS and HQSe can promote their application as potential sunscreen agents.
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Li H, Mu H, Xin C, Cai J, Yuan B, Jin G. Turning ON/OFF the fluorescence of the ESIPT state by changing the hydrogen bond distance and orientation in quinoline–pyrazole derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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da Silva JF, Corrêa DS, Campos ÉL, Leite GZ, de Oliveira JDM, Fachini J, da Silva J, Obach ES, Campo LF, Grivicich I, de Amorim HLN, Picada JN. Evaluation of toxicological aspects of three new benzoxazole compounds with sunscreen photophysical properties using in silico and in vitro methods. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105300. [PMID: 34933087 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sunscreening chemicals protect against damage caused by sunlight most absorbing UVA or UVB radiations. In this sense, 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole derivatives with amino substituents in the 4' and 5' positions have an outstandingly high Sun Protection Factor and adequate photostability, but their toxicity is not yet known. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of three synthetic 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole derivatives for their possible application as sunscreens. In silico tools were used in order to assess potential risks regarding mutagenic, carcinogenic, and skin sensitizing potential. Bioassays were performed in L929 cells to assess cytotoxicity in MTT assay and genotoxic activities in the Comet assay and micronucleus test. Also, the Salmonella/microsome assay was performed to evaluate gene mutations. The in silico predictions indicate a low risk of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the compounds while the skin sensitizing potential was low or inconclusive. The 2-(4'-amino-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazol compound was the most cytotoxic and genotoxic among the compounds evaluated in L929 cells, but none induced mutations in the Salmonella/microsome assay. The amino substituted at the 4' position of the phenyl ring appears to have greater toxicological risks than substituents at the 5' position of 2-(phenyl)benzoxazole. The findings warrant further studies of these compounds in cosmetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jâmeson Ferreira da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Produto e Desenvolvimento (CEPPED), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Dione Silva Corrêa
- Centro de Pesquisa em Produto e Desenvolvimento (CEPPED), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Érico Leite Campos
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Produto e Desenvolvimento (CEPPED), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovana Zamprônio Leite
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Produto e Desenvolvimento (CEPPED), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - João Denis Medeiros de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Fachini
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Genetica Toxicológica, Universidade La Salle, Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, CEP: 92010-000 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliane Sempé Obach
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandra Franciscato Campo
- Laboratório de Novos Materiais Orgânicos e Quimica Forense, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP: 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Laboratório de Biologia do Câncer, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Novos Materiais Orgânicos e Quimica Forense, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP: 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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