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Zheng S, Xue C, Li S, Zao X, Li X, Liu Q, Cao X, Wang W, Qi W, Zhang P, Ye Y. Chinese medicine in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on network pharmacology: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1381712. [PMID: 38694920 PMCID: PMC11061375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1381712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathological syndrome characterized by abnormalities in hepatic fat deposition, the incidence of which has been increasing year by year in recent years. It has become the largest chronic liver disease globally and one of the important causes of cirrhosis and even primary liver cancer formation. The pathogenesis of NAFLD has not yet been fully clarified. Modern medicine lacks targeted clinical treatment protocols for NAFLD, and most drugs lack efficacy and have high side effects. In contrast, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has significant advantages in the treatment and prevention of NAFLD, which have been widely recognized by scholars around the world. In recent years, through the establishment of a "medicine-disease-target-pathway" network relationship, network pharmacology can explore the molecular basis of the role of medicines in disease prevention and treatment from various perspectives, predicting the pharmacological mechanism of the corresponding medicines. This approach is compatible with the holistic view and treatment based on pattern differentiation of TCM and has been widely used in TCM research. In this paper, by searching relevant databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, we reviewed and analyzed the relevant signaling pathways and specific mechanisms of action of single Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine combinations, and Chinese patent medicine for the treatment of NAFLD in recent years. These related studies fully demonstrated the therapeutic characteristics of TCM with multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-pathways, which provided strong support for the exact efficacy of TCM exerted in the clinic. In conclusion, we believe that network pharmacology is more in line with the TCM mindset of treating diseases, but with some limitations. In the future, we should eliminate the potential risks of false positives and false negatives, clarify the interconnectivity between components, targets, and diseases, and conduct deeper clinical or experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Zheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyuan Xue
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Size Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobin Zao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Liver Diseases Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyao Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Liver Diseases Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Qi
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yongan Ye
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Liver Diseases Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Antonisamy AJ, Rajendran K, Dhanaraj P. Network pharmacology integrated molecular docking of fucoidan against oral cancer and in vitro evaluation- A study using GEO datasets. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38385359 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2316771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a widespread health concern in rural India due to a lack of awareness, delayed diagnosis and limited access to affordable treatment options. The current chemotherapy has notable side effects, underscoring the need for new drug candidates with improved bioavailability and specificity. In this current research, fucoidan, a sulphated polysaccharide, was extracted from the brown algae Spatoglossum asperum, and shown to be cytotoxic in vitro against oral cancer cells (KB cell line) at an IC50 of 107.76 µg/ml, suggesting its potential as a drug candidate. This study further aimed to explore the potential therapeutic implications of fucoidan in managing oral cancer using network pharmacology. PharmMapper, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and SuperPred were initially used to identify fucoidan protein targets. The identified targets were further screened against Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE23558, GSE25099 and GSE146483), OMIM, TCGA and GeneCards datasets to identify oral cancer-specific protein targets. The interactions between the selected proteins were visualised using STRING and Cytoscape. Subsequently, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used for gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of candidate targets. The cancer-related network was assessed using CancerGeneNet, while life expectancy based on the expression of the top 10 CytoHubba ranked hub genes was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plots. Finally, EGFR, AKT1, HSP90AA1 and SRC were selected for docking and molecular dynamics simulation with fucoidan, using Maestro and GROMACS, respectively.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul Jayanthi Antonisamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College (Autonomous), Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Rajendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College (Autonomous), Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Premnath Dhanaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Bio sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Xu Q, Sheng L, Zhu X, Liu Z, Wei G, Zhang T, Du H, Yang A, Yao J, Zhang G, Sun R. Jingfang granules exert anti-psoriasis effect by targeting MAPK-mediated dendritic cell maturation and PPARγ-mediated keratinocytes cell cycle progression in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 117:154925. [PMID: 37321079 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jingfang granules (JFG), derived from JingFangBaiDu San (JFBDS), are a traditional herbal formulas used for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. They were initially prescribed to treat skin disease, such as psoriasis in Chinese Taiwan, but are not widely used for psoriasis treatment in mainland China because of the lack of anti-psoriasis mechanism research. PURPOSES The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-psoriasis effect of JFG and reveal the correlated mechanisms of JFG in vivo and in vitro using network pharmacology, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology and molecular biotechnology methods. RESULTS An imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like murine model was used to verify the anti-psoriasis effect in vivo, with inhibition of lymphocytosis and CD3+CD19+B cell proliferation in the peripheral blood and prevention of the activation of CD4+IL17+T cells and CD11c+ MHC Ⅱ+ dendritic cells (DCs) in the spleen. Network pharmacology analysis demonstrated that the targets of the active components were significantly enriched in pathways involved in cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis, which were closely related to cell proliferation and immune regulation. The drug-component-target networks and molecular docking analysis demonstrated the active ingredients to be luteolin, naringin and 6'-feruloylnodakenin, which had a good binding affinity to PPARγ, p38a MAPK and TNF-a. Finally, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis to validate the active ingredients in drug-containing serum and in vitro experiments showed that JFG inhibited the maturation and activation of BMDCs via the p38a MAPK signaling pathway and translocation of the agonist PPARγ into the nuclei to reduce the activity of NF-κB/STAT3 inflammatory signaling pathway in keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that JFG improved psoriasis by inhibiting the maturation and activation of BMDCs and proliferation and inflammation of keratinocytes, which may facilitate the applications of JFG in anti-psoriasis therapy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xu
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China; State Key laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chines Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi 276005, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lisong Sheng
- State Key laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chines Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi 276005, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Guo Wei
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Hang Du
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Anbo Yang
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Jingchun Yao
- State Key laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chines Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi 276005, China; Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi 273400, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chines Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi 276005, China; Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi 273400, China.
| | - Rong Sun
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Ning DS, Chen YJ, Lin CJ, Wang CC, Zhao HW, Wang KT, Lee MC, Tayo LL, Chiu WC, Yeh CL, Lee CJ. Hepatoprotective effect of botanical drug formula on high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting anti-oxidation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1026912. [PMID: 36506588 PMCID: PMC9729544 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the prevalence of obesity and other components of metabolic syndrome, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become increasingly common. In recent years, much attention has been paid to various plant sources, hoping to find a treatment for NAFLD in plants. The Livsooth authentic herbal formula (LAH, ), a botanical drug formula combined with Puerariae lobatae radix, Lonicerae japonicae flos, Hoveniae semen, and Siraitiae fructus. This study used a network pharmacology approach to predict the potential mechanisms of LAH against NAFLD. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses have identified potential biochemical and signaling pathways. Subsequently, the potential mechanism of action of LAH on NAFLD predicted by network pharmacology analysis was validated in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD model in C57BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrated that LAH ameliorated hepatocyte steatosis in liver tissue by activating the AMPK pathway and decreasing serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, glucose, and cholesterol. Besides, LAH increased the hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities, suggested that LAH improved oxidative stress markers in HFD induced NAFLD mice. In vitro experiments confirmed that the active component of LAH, puerarin, regulates lipid accumulation through the AMPK pathway. In conclusion, our study shows that network pharmacology predictions are consistent with experimental validation. LAH can be a candidate supplement for the prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Shan Ning
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Lemmuel L. Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological Materials Science and Engineering, Mapúa University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Wan-Chun Chiu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Nutrition, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Li Yeh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Chia-Jung Lee,
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Yang R, Yang H, Jiang D, Xu L, Feng L, Xing Y. Investigation of the potential mechanism of the Shugan Xiaozhi decoction for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14171. [PMID: 36389420 PMCID: PMC9657198 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disease, the incidence of which increases annually. Shugan Xiaozhi (SGXZ) decoction, a composite traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, has been demonstrated to exert a therapeutic effect on NAFLD. In this study, the potential bioactive ingredients and mechanism of SGXZ decoction against NAFLD were explored via network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. Methods Compounds in SGXZ decoction were identified and collected from the literature, and the corresponding targets were predicted through the Similarity Ensemble Approach database. Potential targets related to NAFLD were searched on DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. The compound-target-disease and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to recognize key compounds and targets. Functional enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was performed on the targets. Molecular docking was used to further screen the potent active compounds in SGXZ. Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was applied to verify and validate the binding between the most potent compound and targets. Results A total of 31 active compounds and 220 corresponding targets in SGXZ decoction were collected. Moreover, 1,544 targets of NAFLD were obtained, of which 78 targets intersected with the targets of SGXZ decoction. Key compounds and targets were recognized through the compound-target-disease and PPI network. Multiple biological pathways were annotated, including PI3K-Akt, MAPK, insulin resistance, HIF-1, and tryptophan metabolism. Molecular docking showed that gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid A could combine with the key targets. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that isochlorogenic acid A might potentially bind directly with RELA, IL-6, VEGFA, and MMP9 in the regulation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion This study investigated the active substances and key targets of SGXZ decoction in the regulation of multiple-pathways based on network pharmacology and computational approaches, providing a theoretical basis for further pharmacological research into the potential mechanism of SGXZ in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Huili Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dansheng Jiang
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linyi Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lian Feng
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufeng Xing
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Li M, Ren C. Exploring the protective mechanism of baicalin in treatment of atherosclerosis using endothelial cells deregulation model and network pharmacology. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:257. [PMID: 36192741 PMCID: PMC9527735 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03738-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Baicalin is a generally available flavonoid with potent biological activity. The present study aimed to assess the underlying mechanism of baicalin in treatment of atherosclerosis (AS) with the help of network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation. Methods The target genes of baicalin and AS were identified from public databases, and the overlapping results were considered to be baicalin-AS targets. Core target genes of baicalin were obtained through the PPI network and validated by a clinical microarray dataset (GSE132651). Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were treated with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to construct an endothelial injury model. The expression of NOX4 was examined by real-time qPCR and western blot. Flow cytometry was used to detect intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, HAECs were transfected with NOX4-specific siRNA and then co-stimulated with baicalin and LPS to investigate whether NOX4 was involved in the anti-oxidative stress effects of baicalin. Results In this study, baicalin had 45 biological targets against AS. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that most targets were involved in oxidative stress. Using the CytoHubba plug-in, we obtained the top 10 genes in the PPI network ranked by the EPC algorithm. Molecular docking and microarray dataset validation indicated that NOX4 may be an essential target of baicalin, and its expression was significantly suppressed in AS samples compared to controls. In endothelial injury model, intervention of HAECs with baicalin increased the expression levels of NOX4 and NOS3 (eNOS), and decreased LPS-induced ROS generation. After inhibition of NOX4, the anti-ROS-generating effect of baicalin was abolished. Conclusion Collectively, we combined network pharmacology and endothelial injury models to investigate the anti-AS mechanism of baicalin. The results demonstrate that baicalin may exert anti-oxidative stress effects by targeting NOX4, providing new mechanisms and insights to baicalin for the treatment of AS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03738-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshuang Li
- grid.452858.6Taizhou Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang China ,grid.452858.6Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Conglin Ren
- grid.452858.6Taizhou Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang China ,grid.452858.6Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang China
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Investigation of Anti-Liver Cancer Activity of the Herbal Drug FDY003 Using Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5765233. [PMID: 36118098 PMCID: PMC9481369 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5765233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Globally, liver cancer (LC) is the sixth-most frequently occurring and the second-most fatal malignancy, responsible for 0.83 million deaths annually. Although the application of herbal drugs in cancer therapies has increased, their anti-LC activity and relevant mechanisms have not been fully studied from a systems perspective. To address these issues, we conducted a system-perspective network pharmacological investigation into the activity and mechanisms underlying the action of the herbal drug. FDY003 reduced the viability of human LC treatment. FDY003 reduced the viability of human LC cells and elevated their chemosensitivity. There were a total of 16 potential bioactive chemical components in FDY003 and they had 91 corresponding targets responsible for the pathological processes in LC. These FDY003 targets were functionally involved in regulating the survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of LC cells. Additionally, we found that FDY003 may target key signaling cascades connected to diverse LC pathological mechanisms, namely, PI3K-Akt, focal adhesion, IL-17, FoxO, MAPK, and TNF pathways. Overall, this study contributed to integrative mechanistic insights into the anti-LC potential of FDY003.
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Wang M, Zhou X, Jiang Z, Wang J. Angiogenesis Inhibitor ZM 306416 Reduces Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice Induced by High-Fat Diet. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) causes countless burden to people worldwide, especially when the quality of people’s life is improved constantly. It has clinical significance to find novel methods to deal with this common disease. Here, we aimed to assess whether angiogenesis
inhibitor ZM306416 could improve NAFLD. Mice were fed with different diets for 15 weeks and treated with ZM306416 followed by analysis of weight and inflammatory infiltration of adipose tissue, fatty degeneration, and fibrosis by immunohistochemistry, fibrosis-related proteins level by qRT-PCR.
Compared to control group, ZM306416 treatment significantly declined mice weight and adipose tissue weight. In addition, ZM306416 decreased blood vessel density of adipose tissues, mitigated inflammatory infiltration, fatty degeneration, and fibrosis. Moreover, ZM304616 alleviated adipose
fibrosis-related protein expression, and transcription of inflammatory genes and adipogenesis genes. However, the inhibitor enhanced β-oxidation of fatty acid, Nrf2, and SOD2, while decreased serum markers of liver injury. In conclsuion, angiogenesis inhibitor ZM306416 attenuates
adipose fibrosis and degradation, promotes adipose functions and lipid metabolism, thereby alleviating obesity-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaojuan Wang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhengjiang, China
| | - Xiajuan Zhou
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhengjiang, China
| | - Zhenghao Jiang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhengjiang, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Health Management Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
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Ma X, Zhang X, Kong Y, Su B, Wu L, Liu D, Wang X. Therapeutic effects of Panax notoginseng saponins in rheumatoid arthritis: network pharmacology and experimental validation. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14438-14449. [PMID: 36694450 PMCID: PMC9995134 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2086379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have been reported to have good anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effect mechanism in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unknown. The focus of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanism of PNS in the treatment of RA. The primary active components of PNS were tested utilizing the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP) and Analysis Platform based on oral bioavailability and drug-likeness. The target databases for knee osteoarthritis were created using GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). The visual interactive network structure 'active component - action target - illness' was created using Cytoscape software. A protein interaction network was built, and associated protein interactions were analyzed using the STRING database. The key targets were analyzed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) biological process enrichment analyses. The effects of PNS on cell growth were studied in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with various doses of PNS, and the optimum concentration of PNS was identified. PNS was studied for its implication on angiogenesis and migration. The active components of PNS had 114 common targets, including cell metabolism and apoptosis, according to the network analysis. The therapeutic effects of the PNS components were suggested to be mediated through apoptotic and cytokine signaling pathways. In vitro, PNS therapy boosted HUVEC proliferation. Wound healing, Boyden chamber and tube formation tests suggested that PNS may increase HUVEC activity and capillary-like tube branching. This study clarified that for the treatment of RA, PNS has multisystem, multicomponent, and multitargeted properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuanhang Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Su
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Leilei Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Daqian Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xintao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Exploration of the System-Level Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY003 for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment: A Network Pharmacological Investigation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7160209. [PMID: 35591866 PMCID: PMC9113891 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7160209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal cancer with the lowest survival rate globally. Although the prescription of herbal drugs against PC is gaining increasing attention, their polypharmacological therapeutic mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. Based on network pharmacology, we explored the anti-PC properties and system-level mechanisms of the herbal drug FDY003. FDY003 decreased the viability of human PC cells and strengthened their chemosensitivity. Network pharmacological analysis of FDY003 indicated the presence of 16 active phytochemical components and 123 PC-related pharmacological targets. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the PC-related targets of FDY003 participate in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation, cell cycle process, cell survival, and cell death. In addition, FDY003 was shown to target diverse key pathways associated with PC pathophysiology, namely, the PIK3-Akt, MAPK, FoxO, focal adhesion, TNF, p53, HIF-1, and Ras pathways. Our network pharmacological findings advance the mechanistic understanding of the anti-PC properties of FDY003 from a system perspective.
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Du J, Tao Q, Liu Y, Huang Z, Jin H, Lin W, Huang X, Zeng J, Zhao Y, Liu L, Xu Q, Han X, Chen L, Chen XL, Wen Y. Assessment of the targeted effect of Sijunzi decoction on the colorectal cancer microenvironment via the ESTIMATE algorithm. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264720. [PMID: 35303006 PMCID: PMC8932555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) was used to treat patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) as an adjuvant method. The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic targets and pathways of SJZD towards the tumor microenvironment of CRC via network pharmacology and the ESTIMATE algorithm. Methods The ESTIMATE algorithm was used to calculate immune and stromal scores to predict the level of infiltrating immune and stromal cells. The active targets of SJZD were searched in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and UniProt database. The core targets were obtained by matching the differentially expressed genes in CRC tissues and the targets of SJZD. Then, GO, KEGG and validation in TCGA were carried out. Results According to the ESTIMATE algorithm and survival analysis, the median survival time of the low stromal score group was significantly higher than that of the high stromal score group (P = 0.018), while the patients showed no significant difference of OS between different immune groups (P = 0.19). A total of 929 genes were upregulated and 115 genes were downregulated between the stromal score groups (|logFC| > 2, adjusted P < 0.05); 357 genes were upregulated and 472 genes were downregulated between the immune score groups. The component-target network included 139 active components and 52 related targets. The core targets were HSPB1, SPP1, IGFBP3, and TGFB1, which were significantly associated with poor prognosis in TCGA validation. GO terms included the response to hypoxia, the extracellular space, protein binding and the TNF signaling pathway. Immunoreaction was the main enriched pathway identified by KEGG analysis. Conclusion The core genes (HSPB1, SPP1, IGFBP3 and TGFB1) affected CRC development and prognosis by regulating hypoxia, protein binding and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Du
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quyuan Tao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanming Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Jin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Lin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinying Huang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Zeng
- Shenzhen Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-lin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XC); (YW)
| | - Yi Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XC); (YW)
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Lee HS, Lee IH, Kang K, Park SI, Jung M, Yang SG, Kwon TW, Lee DY. A Network Pharmacology Perspective Investigation of the Pharmacological Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY003 in Gastric Cancer. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211073030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadly malignant tumors worldwide. While the application of herbal drugs for GC treatment is increasing, the multicompound–multitarget pharmacological mechanisms involved are yet to be elucidated. By adopting a network pharmacology strategy, we investigated the properties of the anticancer herbal drug FDY003 against GC. We found that FDY003 reduced the viability of human GC cells and enhanced their chemosensitivity. We also identified 8 active phytochemical compounds in FDY003 that target 70 GC-associated genes and proteins. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggested that the targets of FDY003 are involved in various cellular processes, such as cellular proliferation, survival, and death. We further identified various major FDY003 target GC-associated pathways, including PIK3-Akt, MAPK, Ras, HIF-1, ErbB, and p53 pathways. Taken together, the overall analysis presents insight at the systems level into the pharmacological activity of FDY003 against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hee Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungrae Kang
- Forest Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- Forestheal Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Jung
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gu Yang
- Kyunghee Naro Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kwon
- Forest Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ji H, Li K, Xu W, Li R, Xie S, Zhu X. Prediction of the Mechanisms by Which Quercetin Enhances Cisplatin Action in Cervical Cancer: A Network Pharmacology Study and Experimental Validation. Front Oncol 2022; 11:780387. [PMID: 35070983 PMCID: PMC8770278 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.780387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Yimucao has been used as an herbal medicine to treat gynecological diseases. Common genes of Yimucao active compounds were investigated using network pharmacology. The components and targets of Yimucao were retrieved from the TCMSP database. Cervical cancer targets were collected from GeneCards, TTD, DisGeNET, and KEGG. Cisplatin-related genes were downloaded from GeneWeaver. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created using the STRING database. A drug-bioactive compound-disease-target network was constructed using Cytoscape. GO and KEGG analyses were performed to investigate common targets of quercetin and cisplatin in cervical cancer. We found that quercetin was the highly bioactive compound in Yimucao. The drug-bioactive compound-disease-target network contained 93 nodes and 261 edges. Drug-related key targets were identified, including EGFR, IL6, CASP3, VEGFA, MYC, CCND1, ERBB2, FOS, PPARG, and CASP8. Core targets were primarily related to the response to metal ions, cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus, and transcription factor complex. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed that quercetin and cisplatin may affect cervical cancer through platinum drug resistance and the p53 and HIF-1 pathways. Furthermore, quercetin combined with cisplatin downregulated the expression of EGFR, MYC, CCND1, and ERBB2 proteins and upregulated CASP8 expression in HeLa and SiHa cells. Functionally, quercetin enhanced cisplatin-induced anticancer activity in cervical cancer cells. Our results indicate that quercetin can be used to overcome cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ji
- Center of Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kehan Li
- Center of Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Center of Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruyi Li
- Center of Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shangdan Xie
- Center of Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Center of Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Hou W, Wei B, Liu HS. The Protective Effect of Panax notoginseng Mixture on Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice via Regulating NR3C2, SRC, and GAPDH. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:756259. [PMID: 34858181 PMCID: PMC8632037 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.756259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax notoginseng mixture (PNM) has the characteristics of multicomponent, multitarget, and multieffect, which can cope with the multidirectional and multidimensional complex pathological process caused by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI). Our animal experiments showed that PNM composed of notoginseng, dogwood, and white peony root could significantly reduce the level of aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase in the blood of mice with HIRI, indicating that this preparation had a protective effect on HIRI in mice. Therefore, on this basis, the molecular mechanism of PNM intervention in HIRI was further explored by network pharmacology. First, target genes corresponding to active components and HIRI were obtained through databases such as TCMSP, Pharm Mapper, Swiss Target Prediction, GeneCards, and so on. All target genes were standardized by Uniprot database, and a total of 291 target genes with their intersection were obtained. Then, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and biological processes (BPs) of 291 target genes were obtained through the online public platform of DAVID. A total of 177 KEGG pathways and 337 BPs were obtained by setting p < 0.01 and false discovery rate <0.05. The network mapping map of components and disease targets was drawn by Cytoscape, and the top 10 Hub target genes related to HIRI were obtained. At the same time, the String database was used to obtain the protein-protein interaction dataset, which was imported into Cytoscape, and the first 10 Hub target genes were obtained. The Hub target genes obtained by the above two methods were molecular docking with their corresponding small molecule compounds through DockThor online tool. The results showed that the docking of paeoniflorin with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), paeoniflorin and loganin with SRC, ginsenoside Rb1 with NR3C2, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid with IL-6, paeoniflorin docking VEGFA, and MMP9. Finally, NR3C2, SRC, and GAPDH were identified as target genes in this study by referring to relevant literature reports. After verification by immunohistochemical experiments, compared with the sham group, the above three target genes were highly expressed in the HIRI group (p < 0.01). Compared with the HIRI group, the expression of three target genes in the PNM + HIRI group was significantly decreased (p < 0.01). The results showed that PNM could protect mouse HIRI by decreasing the expression of NR3C2, SRC, and GAPDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bao Wei
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Sheng Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Lee HS, Lee IH, Kang K, Jung M, Yang SG, Kwon TW, Lee DY. Network Pharmacological Dissection of the Mechanisms of Eucommiae Cortex-Achyranthis Radix Combination for Intervertebral Disc Herniation Treatment. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211055024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucommiae cortex (EC) and Achyranthis radix (AR) are herbal medicines widely used in combination for the treatment of intervertebral disc herniation (IDH). The mechanisms of action of the herbal combination have not been understood from integrative and comprehensive points of view. By adopting network pharmacological methodology, we aimed to investigate the pharmacological properties of the EC-AR combination as a therapeutic agent for IDH at a systematic molecular level. Using the pharmacokinetic information for the chemical ingredients of the EC-AR combination obtained from the comprehensive herbal drug-associated databases, we determined its 31 bioactive ingredients and 68 IDH-related therapeutic targets. By analyzing their enrichment for biological functions, we observed that the targets of the EC-AR combination were associated with the regulation of angiogenesis; cytokine and chemokine activity; oxidative and inflammatory stress responses; extracellular matrix organization; immune response; and cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, differentiation, migration, and activation. Pathway enrichment investigation revealed that the EC-AR combination may target IDH-pathology-associated signaling pathways, such as those of cellular senescence and chemokine, neurotrophin, TNF, MAPK, toll-like receptor, and VEGF signaling, to exhibit its therapeutic effects. Collectively, these data provide mechanistic insights into the pharmacological activity of herbal medicines for the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases such as IDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Lee
- The Fore, 87 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05542, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, 129 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05549, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hee Lee
- The Fore, 87 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05542, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungrae Kang
- Forest Hospital, 129 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05549, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Jung
- Forest Hospital, 129 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05549, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gu Yang
- Kyunghee Naro Hospital, 67, Dolma-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13586, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kwon
- Forest Hospital, 129 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05549, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Lee
- The Fore, 87 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05542, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, 129 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05549, Republic of Korea
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Gan XX, Zhong LK, Shen F, Feng JH, Li YY, Li SJ, Cai WS, Xu B. Network Pharmacology to Explore the Molecular Mechanisms of Prunella vulgaris for Treating Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:700896. [PMID: 34690752 PMCID: PMC8527019 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.700896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose:Prunella vulgaris (PV), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat patients with thyroid disease for centuries in China. The purpose of the present study was to investigate its bioactive ingredients and mechanisms against Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to provide some basis for experimental research. Methods: Ingredients of the PV formula were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Additionally, HT-related genes were retrieved from the UniProt and GeneCards databases. Cytoscape constructed networks for visualization. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was constructed, and a PPI network was built using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database. These key targets of PV were enriched and analyzed by molecular docking verification, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. Results: The compound–target network included 11 compounds and 66 target genes. Key targets contained Jun proto-oncogene (JUN), hsp90aa1.1 (AKI), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), and tumor protein p53 (TP53). The main pathways included the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, the TNF signaling pathway, the PI3K–Akt signaling pathway, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. The molecular docking results revealed that the main compound identified in the Prunella vulgaris was luteolin, followed by kaempferol, which had a strong affinity for HT. Conclusion: Molecular docking studies indicated that luteolin and kaempferol were bioactive compounds of PV and might play an essential role in treating HT by regulating multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiong Gan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Kun Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan City People's Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Feng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Yi Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Jing Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Song Cai
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Lee HS, Lee IH, Kang K, Park SI, Jung M, Yang SG, Kwon TW, Lee DY. Network Pharmacology-Based Dissection of the Comprehensive Molecular Mechanisms of the Herbal Prescription FDY003 Against Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211044377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (ERPBC) is the commonest subtype of breast cancer, with a high prevalence, incidence, and mortality. Herbal drugs are increasingly being used to treat ERPBC, although their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to analyze the therapeutic properties of FDY003, a herbal anti-ERPBC prescription, using a network pharmacology approach. FDY003 decreased the viability of human ERPBC cells and sensitized them to tamoxifen, an endocrine drug that is widely used in the treatment of ERPBC. The network pharmacology analysis revealed 18 pharmacologically active components in FDY003 that may interact with and regulate 66 therapeutic targets. The enriched gene ontology terms for the FDY003 targets were associated with the modulation of cell survival and death, cell proliferation and growth arrest, and estrogen-associated cellular processes. Analysis of the pathway enrichment of the targets showed that FDY003 may target a variety of ERPBC-associated pathways, including the PIK3-Akt, focal adhesion, MAPK, and estrogen pathways. Overall, these data provide a comprehensive mechanistic insight into the anti-ERPBC activity of FDY003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Lee
- The Fore, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Minho Jung
- Forest Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Dae-Yeon Lee
- The Fore, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Identifying the active compounds and mechanism of action of Banxia Xiexin decoction for treating ethanol-induced chronic gastritis using network pharmacology combined with UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 93:107535. [PMID: 34217946 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Banxia Xiexin decoction (BXD), a traditionally prescribed Chinese medicine, has been used to treat chronic gastritis for many years. However, the underlying mechanism and targets for its effects remain unknown. In the present study, we predicted the targets and active compounds of BXD in the treatment of chronic gastritis through network pharmacology and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear trap quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS). METHOD A chronic gastritis model was established in rats by oral administration of 56 % ethanol. BXD was orally administered for 7 days. Stomach tissues were collected for histopathological analysis, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-8, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS was established to analyse compounds in rat plasma following oral BXD administration. The absorbed ingredients were selected as candidate active compounds. The chronic gastritis-related targets were screened using multiple databases. The potential targets for the treatment of chronic gastritis were used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and were also analysed using the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Finally, molecular docking was used to uncover the interaction between multi-components and putative targets, and the results were verified by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). RESULTS Intragastric administration of BXD ameliorated stomach injury resulting from chronic gastritis in rats and decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-8, and LDH. A comprehensive systematic strategy was used to successfully identify 38 candidate targets and 14 active compounds in BXD. Based on the network of compounds-targets and PPI, three hub genes that were associated with BXD therapy for chronic gastritis were selected and included intercellular adhesion molecule-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and mitogen-activated protein kinase 14. The results of molecular docking and SPR demonstrated that the active compounds in BXD demonstrate affinity for these targets. Additionally, an enrichment analysis revealed that treatment of chronic gastritis with BXD primarily involves cytokine activation, the inflammatory response and nuclear factor-kappa B, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-protein-serine-threonine kinase and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signalling pathways, which may mediate the effects of BXD in the treatment of chronic gastritis. CONCLUSION BXD exhibits a therapeutic effect in ethanol-induced gastritis through multi-compound, multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms. A strategy of network pharmacology combined with SPR may provide a feasible approach to explore the targets of herbal medicine and uncover novel bioactive components.
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Wu J, Ye X, Yang S, Yu H, Zhong L, Gong Q. Systems Pharmacology Study of the Anti-Liver Injury Mechanism of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:618846. [PMID: 33912040 PMCID: PMC8072898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.618846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are mostly triggered by oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to extracellular matrix overproduction and prone to develop into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver injury (LI) refers to various pathogenic factors leading to the destruction of stem cells that then affect the liver's normal function, causing a series of symptoms and abnormal liver function indicators. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines; it contains flavonoids including hesperidin, nobiletin, and tangeretin. CRP has antibacterial, antioxidant, and antitumor effects that reduce cholesterol, prevent atherosclerosis and decrease LI. Here we analyzed the components of CRP and their targets of action in LI treatment and assessed the relationships between them using a systems pharmacology approach. Twenty-five active ingredients against LI were selected based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry results and databases. The drug targets and disease-related targets were predicted. The 117 common targets were used to construct a protein-protein interaction network. We identified 1719 gene ontology items in LI treatment, including 1,525 biological processes, 55 cellular components, and 139 molecular functions. These correlated with 49 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. These findings suggest that CRP may counteract LI by affecting apoptotic, inflammatory, and energy metabolism modules. In vitro experiments suggested that the mechanism may involve hesperidin and naringenin acting on CASP3, BAX, and BCL2 to affect the apoptosis pathway, attenuating liver fibrosis. Naringenin significantly inhibited AKT1 phosphorylation, which in turn mediated activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathways against LI. This study provides a reference for systematically exploring the mechanism of CRP's anti-LI action and is also expands of the application of systems pharmacology in the study of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xietao Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Songhong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Huan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingyun Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Qianfeng Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Lee HS, Lee IH, Kang K, Park SI, Jung M, Yang SG, Kwon TW, Lee DY. A Comprehensive Understanding of the Anticancer Mechanisms of FDY2004 Against Cervical Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211004304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal drugs are continuously being developed and used as effective therapeutics for various cancers, such as cervical cancer (CC); however, their mechanisms of action at a systemic level have not been explored fully. To study such mechanisms, we conducted a network pharmacological investigation of the anti-CC mechanisms of FDY2004, an herbal drug consisting of Moutan Radicis Cortex, Persicae Semen , and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. We found that FDY2004 inhibited the viability of human CC cells. By performing pharmacokinetic evaluation and network analysis of the phytochemical components of FDY2004, we identified 29 bioactive components and their 116 CC-associated pharmacological targets. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the modulation of cellular functions, such as apoptosis, growth, proliferation, and survival, might be mediated through the FDY2004 targets. The therapeutic targets were also key components of CC-associated oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways, including PI3K-Akt, human papillomavirus infection, IL-17, MAPK, TNF, focal adhesion, and viral carcinogenesis pathways. In conclusion, our data present a comprehensive insight for the mechanisms of the anti-CC properties of FDY2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hee Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungrae Kang
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- Forestheal Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Jung
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gu Yang
- Kyunghee Naro Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kwon
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis on Molecular Targets and Mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu Decoction in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8815447. [PMID: 33727944 PMCID: PMC7937485 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8815447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methods The bioactive components and potential targets of BHD were screened by TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, ETCM, and SymMap databases. Besides, compounds that failed to find the targets from the above databases were predicted through STITCH, SwissTargetPrediction, and SEA. Moreover, six databases were searched to mine targets of IS. The intersection targets were obtained and analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment. Furthermore, BHD-IS PPI network, compound-target network, and herb-target-pathway network were constructed by Cytoscape 3.6.0. Finally, AutoDock was used for molecular docking verification. Results A total of 235 putative targets were obtained from 59 active compounds in BHD. Among them, 62 targets were related to IS. PPI network showed that the top ten key targets were IL6, TNF, VEGFA, AKT1, etc. The enrichment analysis demonstrated candidate BHD targets were more frequently involved in TNF, PI3K-Akt, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Network topology analysis showed that Radix Astragali was the main herb in BHD, and the key components were quercetin, beta-sitosterol, kaempferol, stigmasterol, etc. The results of molecular docking showed the active components in BHD had a good binding ability with the key targets. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that BHD exerted the effect of treating IS by regulating multitargets and multichannels with multicomponents through the method of network pharmacology and molecular docking.
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Uncovering the Anti-Lung-Cancer Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY2004 by Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6644018. [PMID: 33628308 PMCID: PMC7886515 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6644018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With growing evidence on the therapeutic efficacy and safety of herbal drugs, there has been a substantial increase in their application in the lung cancer treatment. Meanwhile, their action mechanisms at the system level have not been comprehensively uncovered. To this end, we employed a network pharmacology methodology to elucidate the systematic action mechanisms of FDY2004, an anticancer herbal drug composed of Moutan Radicis Cortex, Persicae Semen, and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, in lung cancer treatment. By evaluating the pharmacokinetic properties of the chemical compounds present in FDY2004 using herbal medicine-associated databases, we identified its 29 active chemical components interacting with 141 lung cancer-associated therapeutic targets in humans. The functional enrichment analysis of the lung cancer-related targets of FDY2004 revealed the enriched Gene Ontology terms, involving the regulation of cell proliferation and growth, cell survival and death, and oxidative stress responses. Moreover, we identified key FDY2004-targeted oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways associated with lung cancer, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor, Ras, focal adhesion, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathways. Overall, our study provides novel evidence and basis for research on the comprehensive anticancer mechanisms of herbal medicines in lung cancer treatment.
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A Network Pharmacology Approach to Explore the Mechanisms of Artemisiae scopariae Herba for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6614039. [PMID: 33623529 PMCID: PMC7875618 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background As a traditional Chinese medicine, Artemisiae scopariae Herba (ASH) is used to treat various liver diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanisms of ASH for treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB) using a network pharmacological method. Methods Bioactive ingredients and related targets of ASH were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Gene names of targets were extracted from UniProt database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of CHB were obtained from microarray dataset GSE83148. The intersect genes between DEGs and target genes were annotated using clusterProfiler package. The STRING database was used to obtain a network of protein-protein interactions. Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct the “ingredient-gene-pathway” (IGP) network. Molecular docking studies were performed using Autodock vina. Results A total of 13 active components were extracted from TCMSP database. Fifteen intersect genes were obtained between 183 target genes and 403 DEGs of GSE83148. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis results showed that ASH against CHB mainly involved in toll-like receptor signaling pathway, cellular senescence, hepatitis B, and chemokine signaling pathway. We screened one hub compound, five core targets, and four key pathways from constructed networks. The docking results indicated the strong binding activity between quercetin and AKT1. Conclusions This study provides potential molecular mechanisms of ASH against CHB based on exploration of network pharmacology.
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An Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Analgesic Effect of Jakyak-Gamcho Decoction: A Network Pharmacology Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6628641. [PMID: 33343676 PMCID: PMC7732394 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6628641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herbal drugs have drawn substantial interest as effective analgesic agents; however, their therapeutic mechanisms remain to be fully understood. To address this question, we performed a network pharmacology study to explore the system-level mechanisms that underlie the analgesic activity of Jakyak-Gamcho decoction (JGd; Shaoyao-Gancao-Tang in Chinese and Shakuyaku-Kanzo-To in Japanese), an herbal prescription consisting of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer. Based on comprehensive information regarding the pharmacological and chemical properties of the herbal constituents of JGd, we identified 57 active chemical compounds and their 70 pain-associated targets. The JGd targets were determined to be involved in the regulation of diverse biological activities as follows: calcium- and cytokine-mediated signalings, calcium ion concentration and homeostasis, cellular behaviors of muscle and neuronal cells, inflammatory response, and response to chemical, cytokine, drug, and oxidative stress. The targets were further enriched in various pain-associated signalings, including the PI3K-Akt, estrogen, ErbB, neurotrophin, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, HIF-1, serotonergic synapse, JAK-STAT, and cAMP pathways. Thus, these data provide a systematic basis to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the analgesic activity of herbal drugs.
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Lee HS, Lee IH, Kang K, Park SI, Kwon TW, Moon SJ, Lee CH, Lee DY. Systems Pharmacology Study of the Anticervical Cancer Mechanisms of FDY003. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20977364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing data support that herbal medicines are beneficial in the treatment of cervical cancer; however, their mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. In the current study, we used a systems pharmacology approach to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of FDY003, an anticancer herbal formula comprising Lonicera japonica Thunberg, Artemisia capillaris Thunberg, and Cordyceps militaris (Linn.) Link, in the treatment of cervical cancer. Through the pharmacokinetic assessment of absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion characteristics, we found 18 active compounds that might interact with 106 cervical cancer-related targets responsible for the pharmacological effects. FDY003 targets were significantly associated with gene ontology terms related to the regulation of cellular behaviors, including cell proliferation, cell cycle processes, cell migration, cell apoptosis, cell death, and angiogenesis. The therapeutic targets of the herbal drug were further enriched in various oncogenic pathways that are implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of cervical cancer, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, focal adhesion, human papillomavirus infection, and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways. Our study provides a systematic approach to explore the anticancer properties of herbal medicines against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hee Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungrae Kang
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- Forestheal Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kwon
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chol Hee Lee
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Li WH, Han JR, Ren PP, Xie Y, Jiang DY. Exploration of the mechanism of Zisheng Shenqi decoction against gout arthritis using network pharmacology. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 90:107358. [PMID: 33243703 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, the network pharmacological methods were used to predict the target of effective components of compounds in Zisheng Shenqi Decoction (ZSD, or Nourishing Kidney Qi Decoction) in the treatment of gouty arthritis (GA). METHOD The main effective components and corresponding key targets of herbs in the ZSD were discerned through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis (TCMSP), Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM) database. UniProt database and Swiss Target Prediction (STP) database was used to rectify and unify the target names and supply the target information. The targets related to GA were obtained by using GeneCards database. After we discovered the potential common targets between ZSD and GA, the interaction network diagram of "ZSD-component-GA-target" was constructed by Cytoscape software (Version 3.7.1). Subsequently, the Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of ZSD effective components-targets and GA-related targets was constructed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes Database (STRING). Bioconductor package "org.Hs.eg.db" and "cluster profiler" package were installed in R software (Version 3.6.0) which used for Gene Ontology analysis and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS 146 components and 613 targets of 11 herbal medicines in the ZSD were got from TCMSP database and BATMAN-TCM database. 987 targets of GA were obtained from GeneCards database. After intersected and removed duplications, 132 common targets between ZSD and GA were screened out by Cytoscape software (Version 3.7.1). These common targets derived from 81 effective components of 146 components, such as quercetin, stigmasterol and kaempferol. They were closely related to anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti oxidative stress and the principal targets comprised of Purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2x7R), Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and IL-1β. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis by R software (Version 3.6.0) showed that the key target genes had close relationship with oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic process and leukocyte migration in aspects of biological process, cell components and molecular function. It also indicated that ZSD could decrease inflammatory reaction, alleviate ROS accumulation and attenuate pain by regulating P2 × 7R and NOD like receptor signaling pathway of inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSION A total of 81 effective components and 132 common target genes between ZSD and GA were screened by network pharmacology. The PPI network, GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that ZSD can exerte anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on the treatment of GA by reducing decreasing inflammatory reaction, alleviating ROS accumulation, and attenuating pain. The possible molecular mechanism of it mainly involved multiple components, multiple targets and multiple signaling pathways, which provided a comprehensive understanding for further study. In general, the network pharmacological method applied in this study provides an alternative strategy for the mechanism of ZSD in the treatment of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- Department of Synopsis of The Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - Jie-Ru Han
- Department of Synopsis of The Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - Peng-Peng Ren
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Synopsis of The Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - De-You Jiang
- Department of Synopsis of The Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
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Tan X, Pei W, Xie C, Wang Z, Mao T, Zhao X, Kou F, Lu Q, Sun Z, Xue X, Li J. Network Pharmacology Identifies the Mechanisms of Action of Tongxie Anchang Decoction in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea Predominant. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:2723705. [PMID: 33281910 PMCID: PMC7685835 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2723705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to uncover the pharmacological mechanism of Tongxie Anchang Decoction (TXACD), a new and effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, for treating irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea predominant (IBS-D) using network pharmacology. METHODS The active compounds and putative targets of TXACD were retrieved from TCMSP database and published literature; related target genes of IBS-D were retrieved from GeneCards; PPI network of the common target hub gene was constructed by STRING. Furthermore, these hub genes were analyzed using gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. RESULTS A total of 54 active compounds and 639 targets were identified through a database search. The compound-target network was constructed, and the key compounds were screened out according to the degree. By using the PPI and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, the pharmacological mechanism network of TXACD in the treatment of IBS-D was constructed. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the possible mechanisms by which TXACD treatment alleviated IBS-D involvement in the modulation of multiple targets and multiple pathways, including the immune regulation, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. These findings provide novel insights into the regulatory role of TXACD in the prevention and treatment of IBS-D and hold promise for herb-based complementary and alternative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tan
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Wenjing Pei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Chune Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Xingjie Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Fushun Kou
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Qiongqiong Lu
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Zhongmei Sun
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
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Jiang H, Yang L, Hou A, Zhang J, Wang S, Man W, Zheng S, Yu H, Wang X, Yang B, Wang Q, Kuang H. Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, analytical methods, processing, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of Bupleuri Radix: A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110679. [PMID: 32858498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bupleuri Radix (BR) is the dry root of Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. It has the functions of evacuation and antipyretic, soothing liver and relieving depression and often used to treat cold fever, chest and rib swelling pain, irregular menstruation, uterine prolapse, rectocele and other diseases. In this paper, the botany, traditional application, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of BR were reviewed. On the basis of limited literature, the analytical method, quality control, processing method, processing effect and pharmacokinetics of BR were summarized and analyzed for the first time. This review makes an in-depth discussion on the shortcomings of the current research on BR, and puts forward its own views and solutions. This has never been summarized in the previous review of BR. It is of great practical significance for future scholars to find a breakthrough point in the study of BR. So far, its mechanism has not been satisfactorily explained. Moreover, the comprehensive quality evaluation and multi-target network pharmacology of BR need to be further studied. In the future, more in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to give full play to the therapeutic potential of BR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ajiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jiaxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wenjing Man
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Senwang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 528458, China.
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Tao Q, Du J, Li X, Zeng J, Tan B, Xu J, Lin W, Chen XL. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis on molecular targets and mechanisms of Huashi Baidu formula in the treatment of COVID-19. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1345-1353. [PMID: 32643448 PMCID: PMC7441778 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1788070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Huashi Baidu formula (HSBDF) was developed to treat the patients with severe COVID-19
in China. The purpose of this study was to explore its active compounds and demonstrate
its mechanisms against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
through network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods All the components of HSBDF were retrieved from the pharmacology database of TCM
system. The genes corresponding to the targets were retrieved using UniProt and
GeneCards database. The herb–compound–target network was constructed by Cytoscape. The
target protein–protein interaction network was built using STRING database. The core
targets of HSBDF were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and
Genomes (KEGG). The main active compounds of HSBDF were docked with SARS-CoV-2 and
angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2). Results Compound–target network mainly contained 178 compounds and 272 corresponding targets.
Key targets contained MAPK3, MAPK8, TP53, CASP3, IL6, TNF, MAPK1, CCL2, PTGS2, etc.
There were 522 GO items in GO enrichment analysis (p < .05) and 168 signaling pathways (p < .05) in KEGG, mainly including TNF signaling pathway, PI3K–Akt
signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and
HIF-1 signaling pathway. The results of molecular docking showed that baicalein and
quercetin were the top two compounds of HSBDF, which had high affinity with ACE2. Conclusion Baicalein and quercetin in HSBDF may regulate multiple signaling pathways through ACE2,
which might play a therapeutic role on COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyuan Tao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Du
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiantao Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Zeng
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Tan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Wenjia Lin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Lin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Hong Z, Duan X, Wu S, Yanfang Y, Wu H. Network Pharmacology Integrated Molecular Docking Reveals the Anti-COVID-19 Mechanism of Qing-Fei-Da-Yuan Granules. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20934219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly infectious viral disease. Clinical observations have shown that Qing-Fei-Da-Yuan (QFDY) granules have good anti-COVID-19 effects, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we explored the potential mechanism of QFDY with regard to its anti-COVID-19 effect. We first screened the active chemical constituents of QFDY based on the pharmacodynamic activity parameters, followed by screening with the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. The Uniprot database was used for querying the corresponding genes of the target, and Cyoscape 3.6.1 software was used to construct the network of herb-compound-target. Protein interaction analysis, target gene function enrichment analysis, and signal pathway analysis were performed via STRING database, Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery, and KEGG Pathway database. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding capacity of the core compound with COVID-19 hydrolase 3CL and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The results showed that a network of herb-compound-target was successfully constructed, with key targets involving PTGS2, HSP90AA1, CAMKK2, NCOA2, and ESR1. Major metabolic pathways affected were those in cancer, procancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and apoptosis. The core compounds, such as quercetin, luteolin, and naringenin, showed a strong binding ability with COVID-19 3CL hydrolase; compounds such as anemasaponin C and medicocarpin showed a strong binding ability with ACE2. Thus, it is predicted that QFDY has the characteristics for multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel overall control. The mechanism of action of QFDY in the treatment of COVID-19 may be associated with the regulation of genes co-expressed with ACE2, the regulation of inflammation and immune-related signaling pathways, and the influence of COVID-19 3CL hydrolase and ACE2 binding ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongchao Hong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyun Duan
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Songtao Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yanfang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of New Products for Geriatrics Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Hezhen Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of New Products for Geriatrics Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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