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Khorshidi A. Tumor segmentation via enhanced area growth algorithm for lung CT images. BMC Med Imaging 2023; 23:189. [PMID: 37986046 PMCID: PMC10662793 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-023-01126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since lung tumors are in dynamic conditions, the study of tumor growth and its changes is of great importance in primary diagnosis. METHODS Enhanced area growth (EAG) algorithm is introduced to segment the lung tumor in 2D and 3D modes on 60 patients CT images from four different databases by MATLAB software. The contrast augmentation, color intensity and maximum primary tumor radius determination, thresholding, start and neighbor points' designation in an array, and then modifying the points in the braid on average are the early steps of the proposed algorithm. To determine the new tumor boundaries, the maximum distance from the color-intensity center point of the primary tumor to the modified points is appointed via considering a larger target region and new threshold. The tumor center is divided into different subsections and then all previous stages are repeated from new designated points to define diverse boundaries for the tumor. An interpolation between these boundaries creates a new tumor boundary. The intersections with the tumor boundaries are firmed for edge correction phase, after drawing diverse lines from the tumor center at relevant angles. Each of the new regions is annexed to the core region to achieve a segmented tumor surface by meeting certain conditions. RESULTS The multipoint-growth-starting-point grouping fashioned a desired consequence in the precise delineation of the tumor. The proposed algorithm enhanced tumor identification by more than 16% with a reasonable accuracy acceptance rate. At the same time, it largely assurances the independence of the last outcome from the starting point. By significance difference of p < 0.05, the dice coefficients were 0.80 ± 0.02 and 0.92 ± 0.03, respectively, for primary and enhanced algorithms. Lung area determination alongside automatic thresholding and also starting from several points along with edge improvement may reduce human errors in radiologists' interpretation of tumor areas and selection of the algorithm's starting point. CONCLUSIONS The proposed algorithm enhanced tumor detection by more than 18% with a sufficient acceptance ratio of accuracy. Since the enhanced algorithm is independent of matrix size and image thickness, it is very likely that it can be easily applied to other contiguous tumor images. TRIAL REGISTRATION PAZHOUHAN, PAZHOUHAN98000032. Registered 4 January 2021, http://pazhouhan.gerums.ac.ir/webreclist/view.action?webreclist_code=19300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Khorshidi
- School of Paramedical, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 7441758666, Gerash, Iran.
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2
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Guedes Pinto E, Penha D, Ravara S, Monaghan C, Hochhegger B, Marchiori E, Taborda-Barata L, Irion K. Factors influencing the outcome of volumetry tools for pulmonary nodule analysis: a systematic review and attempted meta-analysis. Insights Imaging 2023; 14:152. [PMID: 37741928 PMCID: PMC10517915 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-023-01480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Health systems worldwide are implementing lung cancer screening programmes to identify early-stage lung cancer and maximise patient survival. Volumetry is recommended for follow-up of pulmonary nodules and outperforms other measurement methods. However, volumetry is known to be influenced by multiple factors. The objectives of this systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42022370233) are to summarise the current knowledge regarding factors that influence volumetry tools used in the analysis of pulmonary nodules, assess for significant clinical impact, identify gaps in current knowledge and suggest future research. Five databases (Medline, Scopus, Journals@Ovid, Embase and Emcare) were searched on the 21st of September, 2022, and 137 original research studies were included, explicitly testing the potential impact of influencing factors on the outcome of volumetry tools. The summary of these studies is tabulated, and a narrative review is provided. A subset of studies (n = 16) reporting clinical significance were selected, and their results were combined, if appropriate, using meta-analysis. Factors with clinical significance include the segmentation algorithm, quality of the segmentation, slice thickness, the level of inspiration for solid nodules, and the reconstruction algorithm and kernel in subsolid nodules. Although there is a large body of evidence in this field, it is unclear how to apply the results from these studies in clinical practice as most studies do not test for clinical relevance. The meta-analysis did not improve our understanding due to the small number and heterogeneity of studies testing for clinical significance. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Many studies have investigated the influencing factors of pulmonary nodule volumetry, but only 11% of these questioned their clinical relevance in their management. The heterogeneity among these studies presents a challenge in consolidating results and clinical application of the evidence. KEY POINTS: • Factors influencing the volumetry of pulmonary nodules have been extensively investigated. • Just 11% of studies test clinical significance (wrongly diagnosing growth). • Nodule size interacts with most other influencing factors (especially for smaller nodules). • Heterogeneity among studies makes comparison and consolidation of results challenging. • Future research should focus on clinical applicability, screening, and updated technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erique Guedes Pinto
- R. Marquês de Ávila E Bolama, Universidade da Beira Interior Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Diana Penha
- R. Marquês de Ávila E Bolama, Universidade da Beira Interior Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Thomas Dr, Liverpool, L14 3PE, UK
| | - Sofia Ravara
- R. Marquês de Ávila E Bolama, Universidade da Beira Interior Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Colin Monaghan
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Thomas Dr, Liverpool, L14 3PE, UK
| | | | - Edson Marchiori
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco K - Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - 2º Andar, Sala 49 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21044-020, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Marquês Do Paraná, 303 - Centro, Niterói - RJ, 24220-000, Brasil
| | - Luís Taborda-Barata
- R. Marquês de Ávila E Bolama, Universidade da Beira Interior Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Klaus Irion
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
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Thanoon MA, Zulkifley MA, Mohd Zainuri MAA, Abdani SR. A Review of Deep Learning Techniques for Lung Cancer Screening and Diagnosis Based on CT Images. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2617. [PMID: 37627876 PMCID: PMC10453592 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common and deadly diseases in the world is lung cancer. Only early identification of lung cancer can increase a patient's probability of survival. A frequently used modality for the screening and diagnosis of lung cancer is computed tomography (CT) imaging, which provides a detailed scan of the lung. In line with the advancement of computer-assisted systems, deep learning techniques have been extensively explored to help in interpreting the CT images for lung cancer identification. Hence, the goal of this review is to provide a detailed review of the deep learning techniques that were developed for screening and diagnosing lung cancer. This review covers an overview of deep learning (DL) techniques, the suggested DL techniques for lung cancer applications, and the novelties of the reviewed methods. This review focuses on two main methodologies of deep learning in screening and diagnosing lung cancer, which are classification and segmentation methodologies. The advantages and shortcomings of current deep learning models will also be discussed. The resultant analysis demonstrates that there is a significant potential for deep learning methods to provide precise and effective computer-assisted lung cancer screening and diagnosis using CT scans. At the end of this review, a list of potential future works regarding improving the application of deep learning is provided to spearhead the advancement of computer-assisted lung cancer diagnosis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Thanoon
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
- System and Control Engineering Department, College of Electronics Engineering, Ninevah University, Mosul 41002, Iraq
| | - Mohd Asyraf Zulkifley
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd Zainuri
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Siti Raihanah Abdani
- School of Computing Sciences, College of Computing, Informatics and Media, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia;
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Qiao P, Li H, Song G, Han H, Gao Z, Tian Y, Liang Y, Li X, Zhou SK, Chen J. Semi-Supervised CT Lesion Segmentation Using Uncertainty-Based Data Pairing and SwapMix. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 42:1546-1562. [PMID: 37015649 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3232572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods show their powerful performance to deal with the issue of data shortage in the field of medical image segmentation. However, existing SSL methods still suffer from the problem of unreliable predictions on unannotated data due to the lack of manual annotations for them. In this paper, we propose an unreliability-diluted consistency training (UDiCT) mechanism to dilute the unreliability in SSL by assembling reliable annotated data into unreliable unannotated data. Specifically, we first propose an uncertainty-based data pairing module to pair annotated data with unannotated data based on a complementary uncertainty pairing rule, which avoids two hard samples being paired off. Secondly, we develop SwapMix, a mixed sample data augmentation method, to integrate annotated data into unannotated data for training our model in a low-unreliability manner. Finally, UDiCT is trained by minimizing a supervised loss and an unreliability-diluted consistency loss, which makes our model robust to diverse backgrounds. Extensive experiments on three chest CT datasets show the effectiveness of our method for semi-supervised CT lesion segmentation.
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An Efficient Model for Lungs Nodule Classification Using Supervised Learning Technique. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2023; 2023:8262741. [PMID: 36785839 PMCID: PMC9922185 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8262741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest death rate of any other cancer in the world. Detecting lung cancer early can increase a patient's survival rate. The corresponding work presents the method for improving the computer-aided detection (CAD) of nodules present in the lung area in computed tomography (CT) images. The main aim was to get an overview of the latest tools and technologies used: acquisition, storage, segmentation, classification, processing, and analysis of biomedical data. After the analysis, a model is proposed consisting of three main steps. In the first step, threshold values and component labeling of 3D components were used to segment the lung volume. In the second step, candidate nodules are identified and segmented with an optimal threshold value and rule-based trimming. It also selects 2D and 3D features from the candidate segmented node. In the final step, the selected features are used to train the SVM and classify the nodes and classify the non-nodes. To assess the performance of the proposed framework, experiments were performed on the LIDC data set. As a result, it was observed that the number of false positives in the nodule candidate was reduced to 4 FP per scan with a sensitivity of 95%.
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Wang L. Deep Learning Techniques to Diagnose Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225569. [PMID: 36428662 PMCID: PMC9688236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical imaging tools are essential in early-stage lung cancer diagnostics and the monitoring of lung cancer during treatment. Various medical imaging modalities, such as chest X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, computed tomography, and molecular imaging techniques, have been extensively studied for lung cancer detection. These techniques have some limitations, including not classifying cancer images automatically, which is unsuitable for patients with other pathologies. It is urgently necessary to develop a sensitive and accurate approach to the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Deep learning is one of the fastest-growing topics in medical imaging, with rapidly emerging applications spanning medical image-based and textural data modalities. With the help of deep learning-based medical imaging tools, clinicians can detect and classify lung nodules more accurately and quickly. This paper presents the recent development of deep learning-based imaging techniques for early lung cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Biomedical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
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Yadgarov M, Kailash C, Shamanskaya T, Kachanov D, Likar Y. Asphericity of tumor [ 123 I]mIBG uptake as a prognostic factor in high-risk neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29849. [PMID: 35727712 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, many research groups have attempted to identify a subgroup of "ultra-high risk" patients within the high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) category. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of parameters derived from pretherapeutic 123 I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine ([123 I]mIBG) integrated single photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography in high-risk patients with NB. METHODS The established parameters metabolic tumor volume (MTV), maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax ) and the novel parameter tumor asphericity as well as clinical (age, stage) and genetic factors (1p/11q deletions and MYCN amplification) were analyzed in this single-center retrospective study of high-risk patients with newly diagnosed NB. Univariate/multivariable Cox regression and propensity score matching were performed for clinical and radiological parameters. RESULTS Twenty-eight high-risk patients with NB were included (14 males, median age 28.8 (11.3-41.0), range 3-74 months). Multivariable analysis of "full" cohort identified high asphericity (≥65%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 5.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-24.07, p = .03) and MTV (≥50 ml, adjusted HR 4.31, 95% CI: 1.18-15.80, p = .027) as the only factors associated with worse event-free survival. In matched cohort, tumor asphericity was a significant predictor of relapse/progression (HR 3.83, 95% CI: 1.03-14.26, p = .046). CONCLUSION In this exploratory study, imaging parameters related to tumor metabolic activity, tumor asphericity and MTV, provided prognostic value for event-free survival in high-risk NB patients. Asphericity ≥65% and MTV ≥50 ml may serve as additional prognostic factors to those already used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Yadgarov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chaurasiya Kailash
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Shamanskaya
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Kachanov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Likar
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
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Zhang X, Jiang R, Huang P, Wang T, Hu M, Scarsbrook AF, Frangi AF. Dynamic feature learning for COVID-19 segmentation and classification. Comput Biol Med 2022; 150:106136. [PMID: 36240599 PMCID: PMC9523910 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since December 2019, coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has rapidly developed into a global epidemic, with millions of patients affected worldwide. As part of the diagnostic pathway, computed tomography (CT) scans are used to help patient management. However, parenchymal imaging findings in COVID-19 are non-specific and can be seen in other diseases. In this work, we propose to first segment lesions from CT images, and further, classify COVID-19 patients from healthy persons and common pneumonia patients. In detail, a novel Dynamic Fusion Segmentation Network (DFSN) that automatically segments infection-related pixels is first proposed. Within this network, low-level features are aggregated to high-level ones to effectively capture context characteristics of infection regions, and high-level features are dynamically fused to model multi-scale semantic information of lesions. Based on DFSN, Dynamic Transfer-learning Classification Network (DTCN) is proposed to distinguish COVID-19 patients. Within DTCN, a pre-trained DFSN is transferred and used as the backbone to extract pixel-level information. Then the pixel-level information is dynamically selected and used to make a diagnosis. In this way, the pre-trained DFSN is utilized through transfer learning, and clinical significance of segmentation results is comprehensively considered. Thus DTCN becomes more sensitive to typical signs of COVID-19. Extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed DFSN and DTCN frameworks. The corresponding results indicate that these two models achieve state-of-the-art performance in terms of segmentation and classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, China.
| | - Runhua Jiang
- College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, China
| | - Pengcheng Huang
- College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, China
| | - Mingjun Hu
- College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, China
| | - Andrew F Scarsbrook
- Radiology Department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Alejandro F Frangi
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Automatic lung segmentation for the inclusion of juxtapleural nodules and pulmonary vessels using curvature based border correction. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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10
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Abstract
A typical growth of cells inside tissue is normally known as a nodular entity. Lung nodule segmentation from computed tomography (CT) images becomes crucial for early lung cancer diagnosis. An issue that pertains to the segmentation of lung nodules is homogenous modular variants. The resemblance among nodules as well as among neighboring regions is very challenging to deal with. Here, we propose an end-to-end U-Net-based segmentation framework named DA-Net for efficient lung nodule segmentation. This method extracts rich features by integrating compactly and densely linked rich convolutional blocks merged with Atrous convolutions blocks to broaden the view of filters without dropping loss and coverage data. We first extract the lung’s ROI images from the whole CT scan slices using standard image processing operations and k-means clustering. This reduces the search space of the model to only lungs where the nodules are present instead of the whole CT scan slice. The evaluation of the suggested model was performed through utilizing the LIDC-IDRI dataset. According to the results, we found that DA-Net showed good performance, achieving an 81% Dice score value and 71.6% IOU score.
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Gao J, Jiang Q, Zhou B, Chen D. Lung Nodule Detection using Convolutional Neural Networks with Transfer Learning on CT Images. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 24:814-824. [PMID: 32664836 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200714002459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Lung nodule detection is critical in improving the five-year survival rate and reducing mortality for patients with lung cancer. Numerous methods based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been proposed for lung nodule detection in Computed Tomography (CT) images. With the collaborative development of computer hardware technology, the detection accuracy and efficiency can still be improved. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, an automatic lung nodule detection method using CNNs with transfer learning is presented. We first compared three of the state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN) models, namely, VGG16, VGG19 and ResNet50, to determine the most suitable model for lung nodule detection. We then utilized two different training strategies, namely, freezing layers and fine-tuning, to illustrate the effectiveness of transfer learning. Furthermore, the hyper-parameters of the CNN model such as optimizer, batch size and epoch were optimized. RESULTS Evaluated on the Lung Nodule Analysis 2016 (LUNA16) challenge, promising results with an accuracy of 96.86%, a precision of 91.10%, a sensitivity of 90.78%, a specificity of 98.13%, and an AUC of 99.37% were achieved. CONCLUSION Compared with other works, state-of-the-art specificity is obtained, which demonstrates that the proposed method is effective and applicable to lung nodule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai 201308, China
| | - Daozheng Chen
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Pawar SP, Talbar SN. LungSeg-Net: Lung field segmentation using generative adversarial network. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Spiculation Sign Recognition in a Pulmonary Nodule Based on Spiking Neural P Systems. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6619076. [PMID: 33426059 PMCID: PMC7775132 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6619076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The spiculation sign is one of the main signs to distinguish benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. In order to effectively extract the image feature of a pulmonary nodule for the spiculation sign distinguishment, a new spiculation sign recognition model is proposed based on the doctors' diagnosis process of pulmonary nodules. A maximum density projection model is established to fuse the local three-dimensional information into the two-dimensional image. The complete boundary of a pulmonary nodule is extracted by the improved Snake model, which can take full advantage of the parallel calculation of the Spike Neural P Systems to build a new neural network structure. In this paper, our experiments show that the proposed algorithm can accurately extract the boundary of a pulmonary nodule and effectively improve the recognition rate of the spiculation sign.
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Ziyad SR, Radha V, Vayyapuri T. Overview of Computer Aided Detection and Computer Aided Diagnosis Systems for Lung Nodule Detection in Computed Tomography. Curr Med Imaging 2020; 16:16-26. [PMID: 31989890 DOI: 10.2174/1573405615666190206153321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer has become a major cause of cancer-related deaths. Detection of potentially malignant lung nodules is essential for the early diagnosis and clinical management of lung cancer. In clinical practice, the interpretation of Computed Tomography (CT) images is challenging for radiologists due to a large number of cases. There is a high rate of false positives in the manual findings. Computer aided detection system (CAD) and computer aided diagnosis systems (CADx) enhance the radiologists in accurately delineating the lung nodules. OBJECTIVES The objective is to analyze CAD and CADx systems for lung nodule detection. It is necessary to review the various techniques followed in CAD and CADx systems proposed and implemented by various research persons. This study aims at analyzing the recent application of various concepts in computer science to each stage of CAD and CADx. METHODS This review paper is special in its own kind because it analyses the various techniques proposed by different eminent researchers in noise removal, contrast enhancement, thorax removal, lung segmentation, bone suppression, segmentation of trachea, classification of nodule and nonnodule and final classification of benign and malignant nodules. RESULTS A comparison of the performance of different techniques implemented by various researchers for the classification of nodule and non-nodule has been tabulated in the paper. CONCLUSION The findings of this review paper will definitely prove to be useful to the research community working on automation of lung nodule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Rasheed Ziyad
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Venkatachalam Radha
- Department of Computer Science, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Thavavel Vayyapuri
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Extracting Lungs from CT Images via Deep Convolutional Neural Network Based Segmentation and Two-Pass Contour Refinement. J Digit Imaging 2020; 33:1465-1478. [PMID: 33057882 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-020-00388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung segmentation is a key step of thoracic computed tomography (CT) image processing, and it plays an important role in computer-aided pulmonary disease diagnostics. However, the presence of image noises, pathologies, vessels, individual anatomical varieties, and so on makes lung segmentation a complex task. In this paper, we present a fully automatic algorithm for segmenting lungs from thoracic CT images accurately. An input image is first spilt into a set of non-overlapping fixed-sized image patches, and a deep convolutional neural network model is constructed to extract initial lung regions by classifying image patches. Superpixel segmentation is then performed on the preprocessed thoracic CT image, and the lung contours are locally refined according to corresponding superpixel contours with our adjacent point statistics method. Segmented lung contours are further globally refined by an edge direction tracing technique for the inclusion of juxta-pleural lesions. Our algorithm is tested on a group of thoracic CT scans with interstitial lung diseases. Experiments show that our algorithm creates an average Dice similarity coefficient of 97.95% and Jaccard's similarity index of 94.48%, with 2.8% average over-segmentation rate and 3.3% under-segmentation rate compared with manually segmented results. Meanwhile, it shows better performance compared with several feature-based machine learning methods and current methods on lung segmentation.
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Fan DP, Zhou T, Ji GP, Zhou Y, Chen G, Fu H, Shen J, Shao L. Inf-Net: Automatic COVID-19 Lung Infection Segmentation From CT Images. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2020; 39:2626-2637. [PMID: 32730213 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2020.2996645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread globally in early 2020, causing the world to face an existential health crisis. Automated detection of lung infections from computed tomography (CT) images offers a great potential to augment the traditional healthcare strategy for tackling COVID-19. However, segmenting infected regions from CT slices faces several challenges, including high variation in infection characteristics, and low intensity contrast between infections and normal tissues. Further, collecting a large amount of data is impractical within a short time period, inhibiting the training of a deep model. To address these challenges, a novel COVID-19 Lung Infection Segmentation Deep Network (Inf-Net) is proposed to automatically identify infected regions from chest CT slices. In our Inf-Net, a parallel partial decoder is used to aggregate the high-level features and generate a global map. Then, the implicit reverse attention and explicit edge-attention are utilized to model the boundaries and enhance the representations. Moreover, to alleviate the shortage of labeled data, we present a semi-supervised segmentation framework based on a randomly selected propagation strategy, which only requires a few labeled images and leverages primarily unlabeled data. Our semi-supervised framework can improve the learning ability and achieve a higher performance. Extensive experiments on our COVID-SemiSeg and real CT volumes demonstrate that the proposed Inf-Net outperforms most cutting-edge segmentation models and advances the state-of-the-art performance.
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17
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Liu C, Pang M. Automatic lung segmentation based on image decomposition and wavelet transform. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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18
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Fan DP, Zhou T, Ji GP, Zhou Y, Chen G, Fu H, Shen J, Shao L. Inf-Net: Automatic COVID-19 Lung Infection Segmentation From CT Images. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2020; 39:2626-2637. [PMID: 32730213 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20074948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread globally in early 2020, causing the world to face an existential health crisis. Automated detection of lung infections from computed tomography (CT) images offers a great potential to augment the traditional healthcare strategy for tackling COVID-19. However, segmenting infected regions from CT slices faces several challenges, including high variation in infection characteristics, and low intensity contrast between infections and normal tissues. Further, collecting a large amount of data is impractical within a short time period, inhibiting the training of a deep model. To address these challenges, a novel COVID-19 Lung Infection Segmentation Deep Network (Inf-Net) is proposed to automatically identify infected regions from chest CT slices. In our Inf-Net, a parallel partial decoder is used to aggregate the high-level features and generate a global map. Then, the implicit reverse attention and explicit edge-attention are utilized to model the boundaries and enhance the representations. Moreover, to alleviate the shortage of labeled data, we present a semi-supervised segmentation framework based on a randomly selected propagation strategy, which only requires a few labeled images and leverages primarily unlabeled data. Our semi-supervised framework can improve the learning ability and achieve a higher performance. Extensive experiments on our COVID-SemiSeg and real CT volumes demonstrate that the proposed Inf-Net outperforms most cutting-edge segmentation models and advances the state-of-the-art performance.
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19
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Chen S, Han Y, Lin J, Zhao X, Kong P. Pulmonary nodule detection on chest radiographs using balanced convolutional neural network and classic candidate detection. Artif Intell Med 2020; 107:101881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2020.101881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Lung nodules detection using semantic segmentation and classification with optimal features. Neural Comput Appl 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-020-04870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Automatic Detection of Pulmonary Nodules using Three-dimensional Chain Coding and Optimized Random Forest. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The detection of pulmonary nodules on computed tomography scans provides a clue for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Manual detection mandates a heavy radiological workload as it identifies nodules slice-by-slice. This paper presents a fully automated nodule detection with three significant contributions. First, an automated seeded region growing is designed to segment the lung regions from the tomography scans. Second, a three-dimensional chain code algorithm is implemented to refine the border of the segmented lungs. Lastly, nodules inside the lungs are detected using an optimized random forest classifier. The experiments for our proposed detection are conducted using 888 scans from a public dataset, and achieves a favorable result of 93.11% accuracy, 94.86% sensitivity, and 91.37% specificity, with only 0.0863 false positives per exam.
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22
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Mastouri R, Khlifa N, Neji H, Hantous-Zannad S. Deep learning-based CAD schemes for the detection and classification of lung nodules from CT images: A survey. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 28:591-617. [PMID: 32568165 DOI: 10.3233/xst-200660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world. Computed tomography (CT) is the standard medical imaging modality for early lung nodule detection and diagnosis that improves patient's survival rate. Recently, deep learning algorithms, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have become a preferred methodology for developing computer-aided detection and diagnosis (CAD) schemes of lung CT images. OBJECTIVE Several CNN-based research projects have been initiated to design robust and efficient CAD schemes for the detection and classification of lung nodules. This paper reviews the recent works in this area and gives an insight into technical progress. METHODS First, a brief overview of CNN models and their basic structures is presented in this investigation. Then, we provide an analytic comparison of the existing approaches to discover recent trend and upcoming challenges. We also introduce an objective description of both handcrafted and deep learning features, as well as the types of nodules, the medical imaging modalities, the widely used databases, and related works in the last three years. The articles presented in this work were selected from various databases. About 57% of reviewed articles published in the last year. RESULTS Our analysis reveals that several methods achieved promising performance with high sensitivity rates ranging from 66% to 100% under the false-positive rates ranging from 1 to 15 per CT scan. It can be noted that CNN models have contributed to the accurate detection and early diagnosis of lung nodules. CONCLUSIONS From the critical discussion and an outline for prospective directions, this survey provide researchers valuable information to master the deep learning concepts and to deepen their knowledge of the trend and latest techniques in developing CAD schemes of lung CT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekka Mastouri
- University of Tunis el Manar, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nawres Khlifa
- University of Tunis el Manar, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Henda Neji
- University of Tunis el Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Medical Imaging, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, 2035 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Saoussen Hantous-Zannad
- University of Tunis el Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Medical Imaging, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, 2035 Ariana, Tunisia
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Cao H, Liu H, Song E, Hung CC, Ma G, Xu X, Jin R, Lu J. Dual-branch residual network for lung nodule segmentation. Appl Soft Comput 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2019.105934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Ren H, Zhou L, Liu G, Peng X, Shi W, Xu H, Shan F, Liu L. An unsupervised semi-automated pulmonary nodule segmentation method based on enhanced region growing. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:233-242. [PMID: 31956545 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.12.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Nowadays, computer technology is getting popular for clinical aided diagnosis, especially in the direction of medical images. It makes physician diagnosis of lung nodules more efficient by providing them with reliable and accurate segmentation. Methods A region growing based semi-automated pulmonary nodule segmentation algorithm (ReGANS) was developed with three improvements: an automatic threshold calculation method, a lesion area pre-projection method, and an optimized region growing method. The algorithm can quickly and accurately segment a whole lung nodule in a set of computed tomography (CT) images based on an initial manual point. Results The average time taken for ReGANS to segment 1 pulmonary nodule was 0.83s, and the probability rand index (PRI), global consistency error (GCE), and variation of information (VoI) from a comparison between the algorithm and the radiologist's 2 manual results were 0.93, 0.06, and 0.3 for the boundary range (BR), and 0.86, 0.06, 0.3 for the precise range (PR). The number of images covered by one pulmonary nodule in a CT image set was also evaluated to compare the segmentation algorithm with the radiologist's results, with an error rate of 15%. At the same time, the results were verified in multiple data sets to validate the robustness. Conclusions Compared with other algorithms, ReGANS can segment the lung nodule image region more quickly and more precisely. The experimental results show that ReGANS can assist medical imaging diagnosis and has good clinical application value. It also provides a faster and more convenient method for pre-data preparation of intelligent algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ren
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318 China
| | - Lingxiao Zhou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xueqing Peng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiya Shi
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huilin Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Shan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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25
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Liu C, Zhao R, Pang M. A fully automatic segmentation algorithm for CT lung images based on random forest. Med Phys 2019; 47:518-529. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Liu
- Institute of EduInfo Science & Engineering Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu China
- Department of Information Science and Engineering Zaozhuang University Shandong China
| | - Ruibin Zhao
- Institute of EduInfo Science & Engineering Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu China
| | - Mingyong Pang
- Institute of EduInfo Science & Engineering Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu China
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26
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Omigbodun AO, Noo F, McNitt‐Gray M, Hsu W, Hsieh SS. The effects of physics‐based data augmentation on the generalizability of deep neural networks: Demonstration on nodule false‐positive reduction. Med Phys 2019; 46:4563-4574. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akinyinka O. Omigbodun
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Suite 650, 924 Westwood Boulevard Los Angeles CA 90024USA
| | - Frederic Noo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences The University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84108USA
| | - Michael McNitt‐Gray
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Suite 650, 924 Westwood Boulevard Los Angeles CA 90024USA
| | - William Hsu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Suite 420, 924 Westwood Boulevard Los Angeles CA 90024USA
| | - Scott S. Hsieh
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Suite 650, 924 Westwood Boulevard Los Angeles CA 90024USA
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27
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Yu X, Yin W, Lan Y, Liu Z. [Design and validation of calibration between tube focus spot and center plane of rotation in computed tomography system]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2019; 36:664-669. [PMID: 31441269 PMCID: PMC10319501 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.201812016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study proposed a method to calibrate tube focus spot and the center plane of rotation in computed tomography system. In the method, the tube was rotated to 0° and 180° respectively, and then one metal jig with symmetric windows A and B was scanned at each position under the tube cool and static condition. According to the geometry of tube focus spot, aperture center of the collimator and jig, the distance between tube focus spot and the center plane of rotation were calculated with the X ray transmittance data after denoising, mean value and normalization. To verify the practicability and validity of the method, the tube focus spot in a 16 slices CT system (Brivo CT385, GE, China) was calibrated, and the result after calibration was validated by scanning a polaroid film. The validation result showed that the deviation between tube focal spot and center plane of rotation was 0.02 mm and was in the error range within ± 0.1 mm. The results of this study showed that, as a simple and low-cost design, the method could be used for fast calibration between tube focus spot and the center plane of rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effect of Physical Field and Instrument, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225,
| | - Wei Yin
- Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China
| | - Yu Lan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effect of Physical Field and Instrument, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, P.R.China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effect of Physical Field and Instrument, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, P.R.China
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28
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Shen S, Han SX, Aberle DR, Bui AA, Hsu W. An Interpretable Deep Hierarchical Semantic Convolutional Neural Network for Lung Nodule Malignancy Classification. EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2019; 128:84-95. [PMID: 31296975 PMCID: PMC6623975 DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2019.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
While deep learning methods have demonstrated performance comparable to human readers in tasks such as computer-aided diagnosis, these models are difficult to interpret, do not incorporate prior domain knowledge, and are often considered as a "black-box." The lack of model interpretability hinders them from being fully understood by end users such as radiologists. In this paper, we present a novel interpretable deep hierarchical semantic convolutional neural network (HSCNN) to predict whether a given pulmonary nodule observed on a computed tomography (CT) scan is malignant. Our network provides two levels of output: 1) low-level semantic features; and 2) a high-level prediction of nodule malignancy. The low-level outputs reflect diagnostic features often reported by radiologists and serve to explain how the model interprets the images in an expert-interpretable manner. The information from these low-level outputs, along with the representations learned by the convolutional layers, are then combined and used to infer the high-level output. This unified architecture is trained by optimizing a global loss function including both low- and high-level tasks, thereby learning all the parameters within a joint framework. Our experimental results using the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) show that the proposed method not only produces interpretable lung cancer predictions but also achieves significantly better results compared to using a 3D CNN alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Shen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Medical & Imaging Informatics Group, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon X Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Medical & Imaging Informatics Group, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Denise R Aberle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Medical & Imaging Informatics Group, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alex A Bui
- Medical & Imaging Informatics Group, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William Hsu
- Medical & Imaging Informatics Group, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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29
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Liu H, Cao H, Song E, Ma G, Xu X, Jin R, Jin Y, Hung CC. A cascaded dual-pathway residual network for lung nodule segmentation in CT images. Phys Med 2019; 63:112-121. [PMID: 31221402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to obtain an accurate segmentation due to the variety of lung nodules in computed tomography (CT) images. In this study, we propose a data-driven model, called the Cascaded Dual-Pathway Residual Network (CDP-ResNet) to improve the segmentation of lung nodules in the CT images. Our approach incorporates the multi-view and multi-scale features of different nodules from CT images. The proposed residual block based dual-path network extracts local features and rich contextual information of lung nodules. In addition, we designed an improved weighted sampling strategy to select training samples based on the edge. The proposed method was extensively evaluated on an LIDC dataset, which contains 986 nodules. Experimental results show that the CDP-ResNet achieves superior segmentation performance with an average DICE score (standard deviation) of 81.58% (11.05) on the LIDC dataset. Moreover, we compared our results with those of four radiologists on the same dataset. The comparison shows that the CDP-ResNet is slightly better than human experts in terms of segmentation accuracy. Meanwhile, the proposed segmentation method outperforms existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Computer Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haichao Cao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Computer Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Enmin Song
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Computer Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Guangzhi Ma
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Computer Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Computer Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Renchao Jin
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Computer Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Computer Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chih-Cheng Hung
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Computer Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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30
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Roy R, Chakraborti T, Chowdhury AS. A deep learning-shape driven level set synergism for pulmonary nodule segmentation. Pattern Recognit Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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Gu Y, Lu X, Yang L, Zhang B, Yu D, Zhao Y, Gao L, Wu L, Zhou T. Automatic lung nodule detection using a 3D deep convolutional neural network combined with a multi-scale prediction strategy in chest CTs. Comput Biol Med 2018; 103:220-231. [PMID: 30390571 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A novel computer-aided detection (CAD) scheme for lung nodule detection using a 3D deep convolutional neural network combined with a multi-scale prediction strategy is proposed to assist radiologists by providing a second opinion on accurate lung nodule detection, which is a crucial step in early diagnosis of lung cancer. METHOD A 3D deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with multi-scale prediction was used to detect lung nodules after the lungs were segmented from chest CT scans, with a comprehensive method utilized. Compared with a 2D CNN, a 3D CNN can utilize richer spatial 3D contextual information and generate more discriminative features after being trained with 3D samples to fully represent lung nodules. Furthermore, a multi-scale lung nodule prediction strategy, including multi-scale cube prediction and cube clustering, is also proposed to detect extremely small nodules. RESULT The proposed method was evaluated on 888 thin-slice scans with 1186 nodules in the LUNA16 database. All results were obtained via 10-fold cross-validation. Three options of the proposed scheme are provided for selection according to the actual needs. The sensitivity of the proposed scheme with the primary option reached 87.94% and 92.93% at one and four false positives per scan, respectively. Meanwhile, the competition performance metric (CPM) score is very satisfying (0.7967). CONCLUSION The experimental results demonstrate the outstanding detection performance of the proposed nodule detection scheme. In addition, the proposed scheme can be extended to other medical image recognition fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Xiaoqi Lu
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China.
| | - Lidong Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Dahua Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China.
| | - Lixin Gao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China; School of Foreign Languages, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
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32
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Kazemifar S, Balagopal A, Nguyen D, McGuire S, Hannan R, Jiang S, Owrangi A. Segmentation of the prostate and organs at risk in male pelvic CT images using deep learning. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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Pulmonary Nodule Recognition Based on Multiple Kernel Learning Support Vector Machine-PSO. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2018; 2018:1461470. [PMID: 29853983 PMCID: PMC5949190 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1461470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary nodule recognition is the core module of lung CAD. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm has been widely used in pulmonary nodule recognition, and the algorithm of Multiple Kernel Learning Support Vector Machine (MKL-SVM) has achieved good results therein. Based on grid search, however, the MKL-SVM algorithm needs long optimization time in course of parameter optimization; also its identification accuracy depends on the fineness of grid. In the paper, swarm intelligence is introduced and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is combined with MKL-SVM algorithm to be MKL-SVM-PSO algorithm so as to realize global optimization of parameters rapidly. In order to obtain the global optimal solution, different inertia weights such as constant inertia weight, linear inertia weight, and nonlinear inertia weight are applied to pulmonary nodules recognition. The experimental results show that the model training time of the proposed MKL-SVM-PSO algorithm is only 1/7 of the training time of the MKL-SVM grid search algorithm, achieving better recognition effect. Moreover, Euclidean norm of normalized error vector is proposed to measure the proximity between the average fitness curve and the optimal fitness curve after convergence. Through statistical analysis of the average of 20 times operation results with different inertial weights, it can be seen that the dynamic inertial weight is superior to the constant inertia weight in the MKL-SVM-PSO algorithm. In the dynamic inertial weight algorithm, the parameter optimization time of nonlinear inertia weight is shorter; the average fitness value after convergence is much closer to the optimal fitness value, which is better than the linear inertial weight. Besides, a better nonlinear inertial weight is verified.
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34
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Multistage segmentation model and SVM-ensemble for precise lung nodule detection. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2018; 13:1083-1095. [DOI: 10.1007/s11548-018-1715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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35
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Zhang W, Wang X, Zhang P, Chen J. Global optimal hybrid geometric active contour for automated lung segmentation on CT images. Comput Biol Med 2017; 91:168-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Takahashi R, Kajikawa Y. Computer-aided diagnosis: A survey with bibliometric analysis. Int J Med Inform 2017; 101:58-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Segmentation of differential structures on computed tomography images for diagnosis lung-related diseases. Biomed Signal Process Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Saraswathi S, Sheela LMI. Detection of Juxtapleural Nodules in Lung Cancer Cases Using an Optimal Critical Point Selection Algorithm. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:3143-3148. [PMID: 29172292 PMCID: PMC5773804 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.11.3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of lung cancer through image processing is an important tool for diagnosis. In recent years, image processing
techniques have become more widely used. Lung segmentation is an essential pre-processing step for most (CAD)
schemes. An automated system is proposed in this paper for identifying lung cancer from the analysis of computed
tomography images by performing nodule segmentation using an optimal critical point selection algorithm (OCPS)
which improves the detection of shape- and size-based juxtapleural nodules located at the lung boundary. A suspect area
of nodule is obtained with the help of a bidirectional chain code (BDC) approach and the OCPS This algorithm is used
to reduce the time consumption to detect the lung nodule and thereby reduce the computational complexity. Shape and
size features are extracted for the area between two critical points to facilitate classification as nodule or non-nodule
with the help of a support vector machine and random forest classifiers. This automated method was tested on computed
tomography (CT) studies from the lung imaging database consortium (LIDC). The results are compared with the
existing techniques using various performance measures such as precision rate, recall rate, accuracy and F-measure.
The obtained experimental results indicate that the OCPS combined with a random forest classifier performs better in
terms of performance evaluation metrics than existing approaches, with less requirement for computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saraswathi
- MCA Department, St. Xavier’s College, Tamilnadu, India,For Correspondence: ,
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Petousis P, Han SX, Aberle D, Bui AAT. Prediction of lung cancer incidence on the low-dose computed tomography arm of the National Lung Screening Trial: A dynamic Bayesian network. Artif Intell Med 2016; 72:42-55. [PMID: 27664507 PMCID: PMC5082434 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying high-risk lung cancer individuals at an early disease stage is the most effective way of improving survival. The landmark National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated the utility of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) imaging to reduce mortality (relative to X-ray screening). As a result of the NLST and other studies, imaging-based lung cancer screening programs are now being implemented. However, LDCT interpretation results in a high number of false positives. A set of dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN) were designed and evaluated to provide insight into how longitudinal data can be used to help inform lung cancer screening decisions. METHODS The LDCT arm of the NLST dataset was used to build and explore five DBNs for high-risk individuals. Three of these DBNs were built using a backward construction process, and two using structure learning methods. All models employ demographics, smoking status, cancer history, family lung cancer history, exposure risk factors, comorbidities related to lung cancer, and LDCT screening outcome information. Given the uncertainty arising from lung cancer screening, a cancer state-space model based on lung cancer staging was utilized to characterize the cancer status of an individual over time. The models were evaluated on balanced training and test sets of cancer and non-cancer cases to deal with data imbalance and overfitting. RESULTS Results were comparable to expert decisions. The average area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for the three intervention points of the NLST trial was higher than 0.75 for all models. Evaluation of the models on the complete LDCT arm of the NLST dataset (N=25,486) demonstrated satisfactory generalization. Consensus of predictions over similar cases is reported in concordance statistics between the models' and the physicians' predictions. The models' predictive ability with respect to missing data was also evaluated with the sample of cases that missed the second screening exam of the trial (N=417). The DBNs outperformed comparison models such as logistic regression and naïve Bayes. CONCLUSION The lung cancer screening DBNs demonstrated high discrimination and predictive power with the majority of cancer and non-cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Petousis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Medical Imaging Informatics (MII) Group, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Simon X Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Medical Imaging Informatics (MII) Group, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Denise Aberle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Medical Imaging Informatics (MII) Group, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alex A T Bui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Medical Imaging Informatics (MII) Group, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Choi YK, Cong J. Acceleration of EM-Based 3D CT Reconstruction Using FPGA. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2016; 10:754-767. [PMID: 26462240 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2015.2471813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Reducing radiation doses is one of the key concerns in computed tomography (CT) based 3D reconstruction. Although iterative methods such as the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm can be used to address this issue, applying this algorithm to practice is difficult due to the long execution time. Our goal is to decrease this long execution time to an order of a few minutes, so that low-dose 3D reconstruction can be performed even in time-critical events. In this paper we introduce a novel parallel scheme that takes advantage of numerous block RAMs on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Also, an external memory bandwidth reduction strategy is presented to reuse both the sinogram and the voxel intensity. Moreover, a customized processing engine based on the FPGA is presented to increase overall throughput while reducing the logic consumption. Finally, a hardware and software flow is proposed to quickly construct a design for various CT machines. The complete reconstruction system is implemented on an FPGA-based server-class node. Experiments on actual patient data show that a 26.9 × speedup can be achieved over a 16-thread multicore CPU implementation.
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Advanced imaging tools in pulmonary nodule detection and surveillance. Clin Imaging 2016; 40:296-301. [PMID: 26916752 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The National Lung Screening Trial has demonstrated that lung cancer screening can reduce lung cancer specific and all cause mortality. With approval of national coverage for lung cancer screening, it is expected that an increase in exams related to pulmonary nodule detection and surveillance will ensue. Advanced imaging technologies for nodule detection and surveillance will be more important than ever. While computed tomography (CT) remains the modality of choice, other emerging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging provides viable alternatives to CT.
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