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Zhao B, Liu K, Liu X, Li Q, Li Z, Xi J, Xie F, Li X. Plant-derived flavonoids are a potential source of drugs for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3122-3145. [PMID: 38613172 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic pathological process that can be triggered by any chronic liver injury. If left unaddressed, it will inevitably progress to the severe outcomes of liver cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. In the past few years, the prevalence and fatality of hepatic fibrosis have been steadily rising on a global scale. As a result of its intricate pathogenesis, the quest for pharmacological interventions targeting liver fibrosis has remained a formidable challenge. Currently, no pharmaceuticals are exhibiting substantial clinical efficacy in the management of hepatic fibrosis. Hence, it is of utmost importance to expedite the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of this condition. Various research studies have revealed the ability of different natural flavonoid compounds to alleviate or reverse hepatic fibrosis through a range of mechanisms, which are related to the regulation of liver inflammation, oxidative stress, synthesis and secretion of fibrosis-related factors, hepatic stellate cells activation, and proliferation, and extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation by these compounds. This review summarizes the progress of research on different sources of natural flavonoids with inhibitory effects on liver fibrosis over the last decades. The anti-fibrotic effects of natural flavonoids have been increasingly studied, making them a potential source of drugs for the treatment of liver fibrosis due to their good efficacy and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 610032, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Yin X, Zhu W, Tang X, Yang G, Zhao X, Zhao K, Jiang L, Li X, Zhao H, Wang X, Yan Y, Xing L, Yu J, Meng X, Zhao H. Phase I/II clinical trial of efficacy and safety of EGCG oxygen nebulization inhalation in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia patients with cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:486. [PMID: 38632501 PMCID: PMC11022442 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiviral drug Nirmatrelvir was found to be a key drug in controlling the progression of pneumonia during the infectious phase of COVID-19. However, there are very few options for effective treatment for cancer patients who have viral pneumonia. Glucocorticoids is one of the effective means to control pneumonia, but there are many adverse events. EGCG is a natural low toxic compound with anti-inflammatory function. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) aerosol to control COVID-19 pneumonia in cancer populations. METHODS The study was designed as a prospective, single-arm, open-label phase I/II trial at Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, between January 5, 2023 to March 31,2023 with viral pneumonia on radiographic signs after confirmed novel coronavirus infection. These patients were treated with EGCG nebulization 10 ml three times daily for at least seven days. EGCG concentrations were increased from 1760-8817umol/L to 4 levels with dose escalation following a standard Phase I design of 3-6 patients per level. Any grade adverse event caused by EGCG was considered a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is defined as the highest dose with less than one-third of patients experiencing dose limiting toxicity (DLT) due to EGCG. The primary end points were the toxicity of EGCG and CT findings, and the former was graded by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v. 5.0. The secondary end point was the laboratory parameters before and after treatment. RESULT A total of 60 patients with high risk factors for severe COVID-19 pneumonia (factors such as old age, smoking and combined complications)were included in this phase I-II study. The 54 patients in the final analysis were pathologically confirmed to have tumor burden and completed the whole course of treatment. A patient with bucking at a level of 1760 umol/L and no acute toxicity associated with EGCG has been reported at the second or third dose gradients. At dose escalation to 8817umol/L, Grade 1 adverse events of nausea and stomach discomfort occurred in two patients, which resolved spontaneously within 1 hour. After one week of treatment, CT showed that the incidence of non-progression of pneumonia was 82% (32/39), and the improvement rate of pneumonia was 56.4% (22/39). There was no significant difference in inflammation-related laboratory parameters (white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, IL-6, ferritin, C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase) before and after treatment. CONCLUSION Aerosol inhalation of EGCG is well tolerated, and preliminary investigation in cancer population suggests that EGCG may be effective in COVID-19-induced pneumonia, which can promote the improvement of patients with moderate pneumonia or prevent them from developing into severe pneumonia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05758571. Date of registration: 8 February 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wanqi Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyong Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, 250117, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guangjian Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, 250117, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xianguang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kaikai Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liyang Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, 250117, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangjiao Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Hanxi Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Adeosun WB, Loots DT. Medicinal Plants against Viral Infections: A Review of Metabolomics Evidence for the Antiviral Properties and Potentials in Plant Sources. Viruses 2024; 16:218. [PMID: 38399995 PMCID: PMC10892737 DOI: 10.3390/v16020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Most plants have developed unique mechanisms to cope with harsh environmental conditions to compensate for their lack of mobility. A key part of their coping mechanisms is the synthesis of secondary metabolites. In addition to their role in plants' defense against pathogens, they also possess therapeutic properties against diseases, and their use by humans predates written history. Viruses are a unique class of submicroscopic agents, incapable of independent existence outside a living host. Pathogenic viruses continue to pose a significant threat to global health, leading to innumerable fatalities on a yearly basis. The use of medicinal plants as a natural source of antiviral agents has been widely reported in literature in the past decades. Metabolomics is a powerful research tool for the identification of plant metabolites with antiviral potentials. It can be used to isolate compounds with antiviral capacities in plants and study the biosynthetic pathways involved in viral disease progression. This review discusses the use of medicinal plants as antiviral agents, with a special focus on the metabolomics evidence supporting their efficacy. Suggestions are made for the optimization of various metabolomics methods of characterizing the bioactive compounds in plants and subsequently understanding the mechanisms of their operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Bamise Adeosun
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa;
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Saha C, Naskar R, Chakraborty S. Antiviral Flavonoids: A Natural Scaffold with Prospects as Phytomedicines against SARS-CoV2. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:39-59. [PMID: 37138419 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230503105053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are vital candidates to fight against a wide range of pathogenic microbial infections. Due to their therapeutic potential, many flavonoids from the herbs of traditional medicine systems are now being evaluated as lead compounds to develop potential antimicrobial hits. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 caused one of the deadliest pandemics that has ever been known to mankind. To date, more than 600 million confirmed cases of SARS-CoV2 infection have been reported worldwide. Situations are worse due to the unavailability of therapeutics to combat the viral disease. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop drugs against SARS-CoV2 and its emerging variants. Here, we have carried out a detailed mechanistic analysis of the antiviral efficacy of flavonoids in terms of their potential targets and structural feature required for exerting their antiviral activity. A catalog of various promising flavonoid compounds has been shown to elicit inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV proteases. However, they act in the high-micromolar regime. Thus a proper leadoptimization against the various proteases of SARS-CoV2 can lead to high-affinity SARS-CoV2 protease inhibitors. To enable lead optimization, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis has been developed for the flavonoids that have shown antiviral activity against viral proteases of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. High sequence similarities between coronavirus proteases enable the applicability of the developed QSAR to SARS-CoV2 proteases inhibitor screening. The detailed mechanistic analysis of the antiviral flavonoids and the developed QSAR models is a step forward toward the development of flavonoid-based therapeutics or supplements to fight against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeet Saha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, India
| | - Roumi Naskar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, India
| | - Sandipan Chakraborty
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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Pati SK, Gupta MK, Banerjee A, Shai R, Shivakumara P. Drug discovery through Covid-19 genome sequencing with siamese graph convolutional neural network. MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2023:1-35. [PMID: 37362739 PMCID: PMC10170456 DOI: 10.1007/s11042-023-15270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
After several waves of COVID-19 led to a massive loss of human life worldwide due to the changes in its variants and the vast explosion. Several researchers proposed neural network-based drug discovery techniques to fight against the pandemic; utilizing neural networks has limitations (Exponential time complexity, Non-Convergence, Mode Collapse, and Diminished Gradient). To overcome those difficulties, this paper proposed a hybrid architecture that will help to repurpose the most appropriate medicines for the treatment of COVID-19. A brief investigation of the sequences has been made to discover the gene density and noncoding proportion through the next gene sequencing. The paper tracks the exceptional locales in the virus DNA sequence as a Drug Target Region (DTR). Then the variable DNA neighborhood search is applied to this DTR to obtain the DNA interaction network to show how the genes are correlated. A drug database has been obtained based on the ontological property of the genomes with advanced D3Similarity so that all the chemical components of the drug database have been identified. Other methods obtained hydroxychloroquine as an effective drug which was rejected by WHO. However, The experimental results show that Remdesivir and Dexamethasone are the most effective drugs, with 97.41 and 97.93%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Kumar Pati
- Department of Bioinformatics, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, West Bengal 741249 India
| | - Manan Kumar Gupta
- Department of Bioinformatics, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, West Bengal 741249 India
| | - Ayan Banerjee
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Jalpaiguri Governmemt Engineering College, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal 735102 India
| | - Rinita Shai
- Department of Mathematics, Behala College, Calcutta University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700060 India
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Gao B, Zhu L, Liu Z, Li Y, He X, Wu X, Pehrsson P, Sun J, Xie Z, Slavin M, Yu LL. Chemical Composition of Honeysuckle ( Lonicerae japonicae) Extracts and Their Potential in Inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and ACE2 Binding, Suppressing ACE2, and Scavenging Radicals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023:acs.jafc.3c00584. [PMID: 37021496 PMCID: PMC10081835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Honeysuckle (Lonicerae japonicae) has been used in functional tea products. The chemical compositions of the water and ethanol extracts of honeysuckle were examined in the present study, along with their potential in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to ACE2, suppressing ACE2 activity, and scavenging reactive free radicals. Thirty-six compounds were tentatively identified from the honeysuckle extracts using HPLC-MS/MS, with ten reported for the first time in honeysuckle. Both honeysuckle extracts inhibited the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to ACE2, as well as ACE2 activity. The ethanol extract exhibited a 100% inhibition on binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to ACE2 at 100 mg botanical equivalent/mL, whereas the water extract had a 65% binding inhibition at the same concentration. Furthermore, the water extract exhibited 90% ACE2 activity inhibition, which was stronger than that of the ethanol extract (62% inhibition) at the same botanical weight concentration. In addition, higher total phenolic contents and greater scavenging activities against hydroxyl (HO•), DPPH•, and ABTS•+ radicals were observed in the water extract than the ethanol extract counterpart on a dry botanical weight concentration basis. These findings suggest honeysuckle has the potential to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Gao
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of
Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of
Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science,
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742,
United States
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory,
Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
20705, United States
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science,
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742,
United States
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory,
Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
20705, United States
| | - Xiaohua He
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural
Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture,
Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Xianli Wu
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory,
Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
20705, United States
| | - Pamela Pehrsson
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory,
Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
20705, United States
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory,
Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
20705, United States
| | - Zhuohong Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science,
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742,
United States
| | - Margaret Slavin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science,
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742,
United States
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science,
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742,
United States
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Zhu W, Wang M, Jin L, Yang B, Bai B, Mutsinze RN, Zuo W, Chattipakorn N, Huh JY, Liang G, Wang Y. Licochalcone A protects against LPS-induced inflammation and acute lung injury by directly binding with myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2). Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1114-1131. [PMID: 36480410 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a challenging clinical syndrome that leads to various respiratory sequelae and even high mortality in patients with severe disease. The novel pharmacological strategies and therapeutic drugs are urgently needed. Natural products have played a fundamental role and provided an abundant pool in drug discovery. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A compound library containing 160 natural products was used to screen potential anti-inflammatory compounds. Mice with LPS-induced ALI was then used to verify the preventive and therapeutic effects of the selected compounds. KEY RESULTS Licochalcone A was discovered from the anti-inflammatory screening of natural products in macrophages. A qPCR array validated the inflammation-regulatory effects of licochalcone A and indicated that the potential targets of licochalcone A may be the upstream proteins in LPS pro-inflammatory signalling. Further studies showed that licochalcone A directly binds to myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2), an assistant protein of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), to block both LPS-induced TRIF- and MYD88-dependent pathways. LEU61 and PHE151 in MD2 protein are the two key residues that contribute to the binding of MD2 to licochalcone A. In vivo, licochalcone A treatment alleviated ALI in LPS-challenged mice through significantly reducing immunocyte infiltration, suppressing activation of TLR4 pathway and inflammatory cytokine induction. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS In summary, our study identified MD2 as a direct target of licochalcone A for its anti-inflammatory activity and suggested that licochalcone A might serve as a novel MD2 inhibitor and a potential drug for developing ALI/ARDS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Minxiu Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Leiming Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bin Bai
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rumbidzai Natasha Mutsinze
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Xiangshan First People's Hospital Medical and Health Group), Xiangshan, China
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Xiangshan First People's Hospital Medical and Health Group), Xiangshan, China
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Wen J, Okyere SK, Wang J, Huang R, Wang Y, Liu L, Nong X, Hu Y. Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Ageratina adenophora Exhibits Potential Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:650. [PMID: 36771733 PMCID: PMC9920656 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cause infections that are difficult to treat globally, even with current available antibiotics. Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for novel antibiotics to tackle this problem. Endophytes are a potential source of novel bioactive compounds; however, the harnessing of novel pharmacological compounds from endophytes is infinite. Therefore, this study was designed to identify endophytic fungi (from Ageratina adenophora) with antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Using fungal morphology and ITS-rDNA, endophytic fungi with antibacterial activities were isolated from A. adenophora. The results of the ITS rDNA sequence analysis showed that a total of 124 morphotype strains were identified. In addition, Species richness (S, 52), Margalef index (D/, 7.3337), Shannon-Wiener index (H/,3.6745), and Simpson's diversity index (D, 0.9304) showed that A. adenophora have abundant endophytic fungi resources. Furthermore, the results of the agar well diffusion showed that the Penicillium sclerotigenum, Diaporthe kochmanii, and Pestalotiopsis trachycarpicola endophytic fungi's ethyl acetate extracts showed moderate antibacterial and bactericidal activities, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) SMU3194, with a MIC of 0.5-1 mg/mL and a MBC of 1-2 mg/mL. In summary, A. adenophora contains endophytic fungi resources that can be pharmacologically utilized, especially as antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Samuel Kumi Okyere
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jianchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ruya Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiang Nong
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- New Ruipeng Pet Healthcare Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
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Tirado-Kulieva VA, Hernández-Martínez E, Choque-Rivera TJ. Phenolic compounds versus SARS-CoV-2: An update on the main findings against COVID-19. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10702. [PMID: 36157310 PMCID: PMC9484857 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains an international concern. Although there are drugs to fight it, new natural alternatives such as polyphenols are essential due to their antioxidant activity and high antiviral potential. In this context, this review reports the main findings on the effect of phenolic compounds (PCs) against SARS-CoV-2 virus. First, the proven activity of PCs against different human viruses is briefly detailed, which serves as a starting point to study their anti-COVID-19 potential. SARS-CoV-2 targets (its proteins) are defined. Findings from in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies of a wide variety of phenolic compounds are shown, emphasizing their mechanism of action, which is fundamental for drug design. Furthermore, clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of PCs in the prevention and as a possible therapeutic management against COVID-19. The results were complemented with information on the influence of polyphenols in strengthening/modulating the immune system. It is recommended to investigate compounds such as vitamins, minerals, alkaloids, triterpenes and fatty acids, and their synergistic use with PCs, many of which have been successful against SARS-CoV-2. Based on findings on other viruses, synergistic evaluation of PCs with accepted drugs against COVID-19 is also suggested. Other recommendations and limitations are also shown, which is useful for professionals involved in the development of efficient, safe and low-cost therapeutic strategies based on plant matrices rich in PCs. To the authors' knowledge, this manuscript is the first to evaluate the relationship between the antiviral and immunomodulatory (including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects) activity of PCs and their underlying mechanisms in relation to the fight against COVID-19. It is also of interest for the general population to be informed about the importance of consuming foods rich in bioactive compounds for their health benefits. Phenolic compounds are known for their high potential against various human viruses. Phenolic compounds also have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. Medicinal plants used against COVID-19 are rich in phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds interfere with the activity of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. A wide variety of food products with high polyphenolic content are presented.
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Commercially Available Flavonols Are Better SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors Than Isoflavone and Flavones. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071458. [PMID: 35891437 PMCID: PMC9324382 DOI: 10.3390/v14071458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fast development of vaccines, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still circulating and generating variants of concern (VoC) that escape the humoral immune response. In this context, the search for anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds is still essential. A class of natural polyphenols known as flavonoids, frequently available in fruits and vegetables, is widely explored in the treatment of different diseases and used as a scaffold for the design of novel drugs. Therefore, herein we evaluate seven flavonoids divided into three subclasses, isoflavone (genistein), flavone (apigenin and luteolin) and flavonol (fisetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and quercetin), for COVID-19 treatment using cell-based assays and in silico calculations validated with experimental enzymatic data. The flavonols were better SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors than isoflavone and flavones. The increasing number of hydroxyl groups in ring B of the flavonols kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin decreased the 50% effective concentration (EC50) value due to their impact on the orientation of the compounds inside the target. Myricetin and fisetin appear to be preferred candidates; they are both anti-inflammatory (decreasing TNF-α levels) and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 mainly by targeting the processability of the main protease (Mpro) in a non-competitive manner, with a potency comparable to the repurposed drug atazanavir. However, fisetin and myricetin might also be considered hits that are amenable to synthetic modification to improve their anti-SARS-CoV-2 profile by inhibiting not only Mpro, but also the 3′–5′ exonuclease (ExoN).
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11
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Jodłowski PJ, Dymek K, Kurowski G, Jaśkowska J, Bury W, Pander M, Wnorowska S, Targowska-Duda K, Piskorz W, Wnorowski A, Boguszewska-Czubara A. Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as Acriflavine Cargos in the Battle against Coronaviruses─A Theoretical and Experimental Approach. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:28615-28627. [PMID: 35700479 PMCID: PMC9212192 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present a complementary approach for obtaining an effective drug, based on acriflavine (ACF) and zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), against SARS-CoV-2. The experimental results showed that acriflavine inhibits the interaction between viral receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike protein and angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) host receptor driving viral cell entry. The prepared ACF@MOF composites exhibited low (MOF-808 and UiO-66) and high (UiO-67 and NU-1000) ACF loadings. The drug release profiles from prepared composites showed different release kinetics depending on the local pore environment. The long-term ACF release with the effective antiviral ACF concentration was observed for all studied ACF@MOF composites. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations allowed us to determine that π-π stacking together with electrostatic interaction plays an important role in acriflavine adsorption and release from ACF@MOF composites. The molecular docking results have shown that acriflavine interacts with several possible binding sites within the RBD and binding site at the RBD/ACE2 interface. The cytotoxicity and ecotoxicity results have confirmed that the prepared ACF@MOF composites may be considered potentially safe for living organisms. The complementary experimental and theoretical results presented in this study have confirmed that the ACF@MOF composites may be considered a potential candidate for the COVID-19 treatment, which makes them good candidates for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław J. Jodłowski
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dymek
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kurowski
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jaśkowska
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bury
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marzena Pander
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wnorowska
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, Medical University
of Lublin, 4A Chodzki, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Witold Piskorz
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department
of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Boguszewska-Czubara
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, Medical University
of Lublin, 4A Chodzki, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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12
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Wang L, Tao Q, Wang Z, Shi J, Yan W, Zhang L, Sun Y, Yao X. Tea Ingredients Have Anti-coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Targets Based on Bioinformatics Analyses and Pharmacological Effects on LPS-Stimulated Macrophages. Front Nutr 2022; 9:875765. [PMID: 35669076 PMCID: PMC9163550 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.875765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused millions of deaths and lacks treatment. Although several studies have focused on the major component of green tea, epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), which is efficient in preventing COVID-19, systemic analyses of the anti-COVID-19 potential of green tea remain insufficient. Here, we co-analyzed the target genes of tea ingredients and COVID-19 signature genes and found that epigallocatechin 3-acetalbehyde was capable of reversing the major molecular processes of COVID-19 (MAPK and NF-κB activation). These findings were further supported by Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, using molecular docking analysis, we identified three tea ingredients ((-)-catechin gallate, D-(+)-cellobiose, and EGCG) that may interact with the vital SARS-CoV-2 protein, 5R84, compared with the qualified 5R84 ligand WGS. Thus, our results indicated that tea ingredients have the potential to treat COVID-19 by suppressing the COVID-19 signature genes and interacting with the vital SARS-CoV-2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Tao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfeng Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoxiang Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Xiaoming Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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13
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Human Centered Decision-Making for COVID-19 Testing Center Location Selection: Tamil Nadu—A Case Study. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2048294. [PMID: 35309835 PMCID: PMC8930239 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2048294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a blend of three techniques to select COVID-19 testing centers. The objective of the paper is to identify a suitable location to establish new COVID-19 testing centers. Establishment of the testing center in the needy locations will be beneficial to both public and government officials. Selection of the wrong location may lead to lose both health and wealth. In this paper, location selection is modelled as a decision-making problem. The paper uses fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique to generate the criteria weights, monkey search algorithm to optimize the weights, and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to rank the different locations. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed technique, a state named Tamil Nadu, located in India, is taken for a case study. The proposed structured algorithmic steps were applied for the input data obtained from the government of India website, and the results were analyzed and validated using the government of India website. The ranks assigned by the proposed technique to different locations are in aligning with the number of patients and death rate.
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