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Ji CM, Feng XY, Huang YW, Chen RA. The Applications of Nanopore Sequencing Technology in Animal and Human Virus Research. Viruses 2024; 16:798. [PMID: 38793679 PMCID: PMC11125791 DOI: 10.3390/v16050798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of viruses have triggered outbreaks that pose a severe threat to both human and animal life, as well as caused substantial economic losses. It is crucial to understand the genomic structure and epidemiology of these viruses to guide effective clinical prevention and treatment strategies. Nanopore sequencing, a third-generation sequencing technology, has been widely used in genomic research since 2014. This technology offers several advantages over traditional methods and next-generation sequencing (NGS), such as the ability to generate ultra-long reads, high efficiency, real-time monitoring and analysis, portability, and the ability to directly sequence RNA or DNA molecules. As a result, it exhibits excellent applicability and flexibility in virus research, including viral detection and surveillance, genome assembly, the discovery of new variants and novel viruses, and the identification of chemical modifications. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the development, principles, advantages, and applications of nanopore sequencing technology in animal and human virus research, aiming to offer fresh perspectives for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Miao Ji
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China; (C.-M.J.); (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Xiao-Yin Feng
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China; (C.-M.J.); (X.-Y.F.)
| | - Yao-Wei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rui-Ai Chen
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China; (C.-M.J.); (X.-Y.F.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
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2
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Haque SBU, Zafar A. Robust Medical Diagnosis: A Novel Two-Phase Deep Learning Framework for Adversarial Proof Disease Detection in Radiology Images. JOURNAL OF IMAGING INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE 2024; 37:308-338. [PMID: 38343214 PMCID: PMC11266337 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-023-00916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of medical diagnostics, the utilization of deep learning techniques, notably in the context of radiology images, has emerged as a transformative force. The significance of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), lies in their capacity to rapidly and accurately diagnose diseases from radiology images. This capability has been particularly vital during the COVID-19 pandemic, where rapid and precise diagnosis played a pivotal role in managing the spread of the virus. DL models, trained on vast datasets of radiology images, have showcased remarkable proficiency in distinguishing between normal and COVID-19-affected cases, offering a ray of hope amidst the crisis. However, as with any technological advancement, vulnerabilities emerge. Deep learning-based diagnostic models, although proficient, are not immune to adversarial attacks. These attacks, characterized by carefully crafted perturbations to input data, can potentially disrupt the models' decision-making processes. In the medical context, such vulnerabilities could have dire consequences, leading to misdiagnoses and compromised patient care. To address this, we propose a two-phase defense framework that combines advanced adversarial learning and adversarial image filtering techniques. We use a modified adversarial learning algorithm to enhance the model's resilience against adversarial examples during the training phase. During the inference phase, we apply JPEG compression to mitigate perturbations that cause misclassification. We evaluate our approach on three models based on ResNet-50, VGG-16, and Inception-V3. These models perform exceptionally in classifying radiology images (X-ray and CT) of lung regions into normal, pneumonia, and COVID-19 pneumonia categories. We then assess the vulnerability of these models to three targeted adversarial attacks: fast gradient sign method (FGSM), projected gradient descent (PGD), and basic iterative method (BIM). The results show a significant drop in model performance after the attacks. However, our defense framework greatly improves the models' resistance to adversarial attacks, maintaining high accuracy on adversarial examples. Importantly, our framework ensures the reliability of the models in diagnosing COVID-19 from clean images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Burhan Ul Haque
- Department of Computer Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Aasim Zafar
- Department of Computer Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Utku A. Deep learning based hybrid prediction model for predicting the spread of COVID-19 in the world's most populous countries. EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2023; 231:120769. [PMID: 37334273 PMCID: PMC10260264 DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has a disease and health phenomenon and has sociological and economic adverse effects. Accurate prediction of the spread of the epidemic will help in the planning of health management and the development of economic and sociological action plans. In the literature, there are many studies to analyse and predict the spread of COVID-19 in cities and countries. However, there is no study to predict and analyse the cross-country spread in the world's most populous countries. In this study, it was aimed to predict the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. The motivation of this study is to reduce the workload of health workers, take preventive measures and optimize health processes by predicting the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. A hybrid deep learning model was developed to predict and analyse COVID-19 cross-country spread and a case study was carried out for the world's most populous countries. The developed model was tested extensively using RMSE, MAE and R2. The experimental results showed that the developed model was more successful in predicting and analysis of COVID-19 cross-country spread in the world's most populous countries than LR, RF, SVM, MLP, CNN, GRU, LSTM and base CNN-GRU. In the developed model, CNN performs convolution and pooling operations to extract spatial features from the input data. GRU provides learning of long-term and non-linear relationships inferred by CNN. The developed hybrid model was more successful than the other models compared, as it enabled the effective features of the CNN and GRU models to be used together. The prediction and analysis of the cross-country spread of COVID-19 in the world's most populated countries can be presented as a novelty of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Utku
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Munzur University, 62100 Tunceli, Turkey
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A hybrid framework for multivariate long-sequence time series forecasting. APPL INTELL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10489-022-04110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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R S, Thaseen IS, M V, M D, M A, R M, Mahendran A, Alnumay W, Chatterjee P. An efficient hardware architecture based on an ensemble of deep learning models for COVID -19 prediction. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2022; 80:103713. [PMID: 35136715 PMCID: PMC8812126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2022.103713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning models demonstrate superior performance in image classification problems. COVID-19 image classification is developed using single deep learning models. In this paper, an efficient hardware architecture based on an ensemble deep learning model is built to identify the COVID-19 using chest X-ray (CXR) records. Five deep learning models namely ResNet, fitness, IRCNN (Inception Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network), effectiveness, and Fitnet are ensembled for fine-tuning and enhancing the performance of the COVID-19 identification; these models are chosen as they individually perform better in other applications. Experimental analysis shows that the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 for COVID-19 detection are 0.99,0.98,0.98, and 0.98 respectively. An application-specific hardware architecture incorporates the pipeline, parallel processing, reusability of computational resources by carefully exploiting the data flow and resource availability. The processing element (PE) and the CNN architecture are modeled using Verilog, simulated, and synthesized using cadence with Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co Ltd (TSMC) 90 nm tech file. The simulated results show a 40% reduction in the latency and number of clock cycles. The computations and power consumptions are minimized by designing the PE as a data-aware unit. Thus, the proposed architecture is best suited for Covid-19 prediction and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel R
- School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - I Sumaiya Thaseen
- School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vanitha M
- School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepa M
- School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Angulakshmi M
- School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mangayarkarasi R
- School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Mahendran
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li Y, Zaheri S, Nguyen K, Liu L, Hassanipour F, Pace BS, Bleris L. Machine learning-based approaches for identifying human blood cells harboring CRISPR-mediated fetal chromatin domain ablations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1481. [PMID: 35087158 PMCID: PMC8795181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Two common hemoglobinopathies, sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia, arise from genetic mutations within the β-globin gene. In this work, we identified a 500-bp motif (Fetal Chromatin Domain, FCD) upstream of human ϒ-globin locus and showed that the removal of this motif using CRISPR technology reactivates the expression of ϒ-globin. Next, we present two different cell morphology-based machine learning approaches that can be used identify human blood cells (KU-812) that harbor CRISPR-mediated FCD genetic modifications. Three candidate models from the first approach, which uses multilayer perceptron algorithm (MLP 20-26, MLP26-18, and MLP 30-26) and flow cytometry-derived cellular data, yielded 0.83 precision, 0.80 recall, 0.82 accuracy, and 0.90 area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve when predicting the edited cells. In comparison, the candidate model from the second approach, which uses deep learning (T2D5) and DIC microscopy-derived imaging data, performed with less accuracy (0.80) and ROC AUC (0.87). We envision that equivalent machine learning-based models can complement currently available genotyping protocols for specific genetic modifications which result in morphological changes in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
- Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| | - Shadi Zaheri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Khai Nguyen
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Fatemeh Hassanipour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Betty S Pace
- Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Leonidas Bleris
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
- Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
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Detection and Prevention of Virus Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1368:21-52. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8969-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Rouari A, Moussaoui A, Chahir Y, Rauf HT, Kadry S. Deep CNN-based autonomous system for safety measures in logistics transportation. Soft comput 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-021-05949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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