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Dessoki HH, Abedlrasoul HA, Dawoud ME, Mohamed AM, Soltan MR. Oxytocin level among patients with opioid use disorder and its correlation with personality traits and perceived childhood trauma. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-023-00289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Personality traits and perceived childhood maltreatment are of the predictors of substance use disorder development. Many studies have discussed oxytocin effect on personality traits and its relation with childhood trauma and how both affect the addictive process. The main aim was to compare oxytocin level between patients with opioid use disorder and controls and the potential association of oxytocin level with the basic dimensions of personality traits and perceived childhood adverse experiences in patients group. Forty male patients with opioid use disorder and 40 healthy controls matched in age and gender were assessed and compared regarding serum oxytocin level by ELISA, personality traits using Temperament and character inventory - revised (TCI- R) scale, and childhood adverse events using childhood trauma questionnaire.
Results
A significant difference between the patient group and the control group regarding the serum oxytocin level was found. Negative correlation with p-value <0.05 between oxytocin level and each of novelty seeking, and harm avoidance, in addition to a positive correlation between oxytocin level and each of reward dependence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness items of (TCR-R), among cases were found. Cases did not show statistically significant difference in oxytocin level between different Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) items.
Conclusions
The interaction between serum oxytocin levels, personality traits, and childhood trauma has to be considered in management with heroin-dependent patients as it plays a crucial role.
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Minassian A, Kelsoe JR, Miranda A, Young JW, Perry W. The relationship between novelty-seeking traits and behavior: Establishing construct validity for the human Behavioral Pattern Monitor. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114776. [PMID: 35964417 PMCID: PMC9885942 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Novelty seeking is a tendency to approach new situations, putatively driven by the brain's catecholaminergic system. It is traditionally measured via self-report, but a laboratory-based paradigm, the human Behavioral Pattern Monitor (hBPM), quantifies behavior in a novel environment and has utility in cross-species studies of neuropsychiatric disorders. Our primary aim assessed whether self-reported novelty-seeking traits were associated with novelty-seeking behavior in the hBPM. An existing sample of 106 volunteers were categorized as high vs. low novelty seekers using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Subjects had been randomized to one dose of amphetamine (10 or 20 mg) or modafinil (200 or 400 mg), allowing us to explore whether a pharmacological catecholamine challenge further enhanced novelty-seeking behavior. High TCI novelty-seekers had more hBPM motor activity and novel object interactions. The exploratory analyses, although limited by low power, suggested that amphetamine and modafinil did not markedly moderate novelty-seeking traits. The hBPM demonstrates construct validity as a lab-based measure of novelty seeking and thus useful in translational studies of neuropsychiatric conditions and treatment options. Further research may illuminate whether a biological predisposition towards higher catecholaminergic activity, combined with the novelty-seeking trait, may increase propensity for risky and addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpi Minassian
- University of California, San Diego, United States; VA Center of Excellence in Stress and Mental Health, United States.
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Associations between the COMT rs4680 Gene Polymorphism and Personality Dimensions and Anxiety in Patients with a Diagnosis of Other Stimulants Dependence. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101768. [PMID: 36292653 PMCID: PMC9601926 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the hypodopaminergic hypothesis of addictions showed that hypodopaminergic activity in males predicted the number of drugs used and is associated with drug-seeking behavior. Variant alleles may cause hypodopaminergic functioning as a result of the reduced density of dopamine receptors, decreased response to dopamine, increased dopamine clearance or metabolism in the reward system. The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is involved in the metabolism of dopamine. Personality traits may mediate the genetic predisposition to substance use disorders additively by various motivations associated with reward-seeking and regulating negative emotions, and also relate to self-control and environment selection. THE AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the rs4680 polymorphism of COMT with personality dimensions and anxiety in patients addicted to stimulants other than cocaine (F15 according to WHO ICD-10 nomenclature) in the case of examined patients amphetamine. METHODS The study was conducted among patients addicted to stimulants other than cocaine (amphetamine). The study group included 247 patients addicted to stimulants (amphetamine) and the control group comprised 280 healthy male volunteers. The real-time PCR method was used to carry out genetic tests; personality dimensions were assessed using the standardized NEO-FFI and state and trait anxiety were assessed with STAI. All analyses were performed using STATISTICA 13. RESULTS The results of the 2 × 3 factorial ANOVA showed a statistically significant effect of the combined factor COMT rs4680 genotype on the group of patients diagnosed with other stimulants dependence/control (F2,252 = 3.11, p = 0.0465, η2 = 0.024). Additionally, we observed that the results of the 2 × 3 factorial ANOVA showed a statistically significant influence of the combined factor COMT rs4680 on the genotype in the group of patients diagnosis with other stimulants dependence/control (F2,252 = 6.16, p = 0.0024, η2 = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS In our research, the polymorphism G/G COMT rs4680 genotype was associated with higher scores of STAI traits and STAI states in the patients dependent on amphetamine. In the control group we observed no such interactions.
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Huang X, Wang C, Zheng L, Ren L, Jin T, Yu Z, Tang Y. Significant Association of the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene Polymorphism ( rs4680) and Opioid Use Disorder in Asian Populations, but not Caucasian Populations: A Meta-analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2022; 26:316-323. [PMID: 35763385 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Previous studies have reported on the association between the rs4680 polymorphism in the Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and opioid use disorder (OUD) with inconsistent outcomes. The goal of this study was to examine the correlation of the rs4680 polymorphism and OUD using a meta-analysis approach. Methods: Six electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Wanfang and CNKI, were searched thoroughly for relevant studies on the association of the rs4680 polymorphism and OUD up to September, 2021. Summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to test the association. Statistical analyses was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Eleven studies with 13 independent cohorts encompassing 2538 cases and 2519 controls were included in this study. In the overall analysis, the rs4680 polymorphism was not associated with OUD susceptibility. Subgroup analyses suggested that rs4680 was significantly correlated with OUD in Asian populations: VV vs. MM, OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.05-2.02, p = 0.02; VM vs. MM, OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.04-2.00, p = 0.03; VV+VM vs. MM, OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.07-1.99, p = 0.02. However, the pooled data did not suggest any significant association in the Caucasian population. Conclusion: This meta-analysis supports a significant association between the rs4680 polymorphism and predisposition to OUD in Asians, carriers of VV and VM genotypes appear to have an increased susceptibility to OUD. However, the association does not exist in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Changwang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeqing Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxia Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan, China
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Smederevac S, Sadiković S, Čolović P, Vučinić N, Milutinović A, Riemann R, Corr PJ, Prinz M, Budimlija Z. Quantitative behavioral genetic and molecular genetic foundations of the approach and avoidance strategies. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-15. [PMID: 35095249 PMCID: PMC8788394 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Two studies examined genetic and environmental influences on traits proposed by the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST) of personality. Both quantitative and molecular behavioral genetic methods were applied considering the effects of COMT, DRD2, HTR1A and TPH2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Study one included 274 monozygotic and 154 dizygotic twins for the quantitative behavioral study; and in study two there were 431 twins for the molecular genetic study. The Reinforcement Sensitivity Questionnaire was used to assess basic personality traits defined by the rRST. Univariate biometric modeling suggested that genetic influences accounted for 34-44% of variance of Behavioral Approach System (BAS), Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and Fight-Fligh-Freeze System. Molecular genetic analyses proposed the significant main effect of COMT SNP on the BAS and TPH2 SNP on the BIS, and pointed out epistatic effects of COMT x DRD2 on BAS and HTR1A x TPH2 on Fight. Results demonstrated substantial heritability for all rRST constructs, as well as for differences in the molecular genetic basis of both approach-related and avoidance-related dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Smederevac
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Dr. Zorana Djindjića 2, Novi Sad, 21 000 Serbia
| | - Selka Sadiković
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Dr. Zorana Djindjića 2, Novi Sad, 21 000 Serbia
| | - Petar Čolović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Dr. Zorana Djindjića 2, Novi Sad, 21 000 Serbia
| | - Nataša Vučinić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Rainer Riemann
- Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Philip J. Corr
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mechthild Prinz
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Zoran Budimlija
- Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
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Scacchia P, Lucarelli M, Fiorenza MT, Canterini S, De Pascalis V. Sex moderates the association between the COMT Val158Met single-nucleotide polymorphism and disorderliness facet of novelty seeking. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:364-369. [PMID: 33352204 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the effect of the Val158Met polymorphism of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene on personality and cognition. Here, nonclinical Caucasian university students of Italian origin were administered the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised, Tellegen Absorption Scale, Differential Attentional Processes Inventory, and Waterloo-Stanford Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility. We found that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism was significantly associated with the disorderliness facet of novelty seeking (NS4) and that sex was a moderator of this association. Females with the Met/Met genotype showed higher NS4 scores compared to those with the Val/Met and Val/Val genotypes. No significant genotype effect was found for males. Additionally, we failed to find a significant effect of the COMT gene on attention and hypnotic suggestibility measures. These results provide further evidence for a sex-specific influence on the gene-behaviour associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Scacchia
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and Center for Research in Neurobiology 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Micaela Lucarelli
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and Center for Research in Neurobiology 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and Center for Research in Neurobiology 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and Center for Research in Neurobiology 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Vilfredo De Pascalis
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and Center for Research in Neurobiology 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Rezaeifar A, Dahmardeh F. The Effect of OPRM1 rs648893 Gene Polymorphism on Opioid Addiction in an Iranian population in Zabol: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCE IN MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.34172/ijbsm.2019.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Opioid addiction (OA) is a neurologically life-threatening challenge associated with socioeconomic and health concerns for individuals and society. The addictive drugs trigger neuromodulators and neurotransmitters through the opioid receptors and corresponding endogenous peptide ligands. In addition, drug addiction is reportedly related to the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) encoding gene and its variants. According to the role of the rs648893 polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene in numerous disorders, it has been suggested as a candidate associated with drug addiction. The present case-control study was conducted to evaluate the role of OPRM1 rs648893 polymorphism in the OA risk. Methods: To this end, the rs648893 polymorphism was genotyped by tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction among 160 Iranian subjects consisting of 105 OA cases and 155 controls. Results: According to our findings, there was no significant association between OA and the OPRM1 rs648893 gene polymorphism. Moreover, a marginally insignificant difference was found between OA cases and controls in accordance with the allelic frequencies (P=0.05) Conclusion: In general, our results reported no association between OPRM1 rs648893 gene polymorphism and OA although further research among various ethnicities with larger sample sizes is needed to draw a definite conclusion on the association of rs648893 polymorphism and other OPRM1 intronic variants with opioid and other addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rezaeifar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dahmardeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
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Candidate genes for novelty-seeking: a meta-analysis of association studies of DRD4 exon III and COMT Val158Met. Psychiatr Genet 2019; 28:97-109. [PMID: 30260901 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two widely studied genetic polymorphisms in the dopaminergic system [DRD4 exon III variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) and COMT Val158Met] have been reported to be associated with novelty-seeking, but the results have been highly inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis of the associations between these two polymorphisms and novelty-seeking was conducted. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS For DRD4, 24 studies comprising 27 samples and including 4933 participants were selected. Genotype grouping, sex, mean age, ethnicity, and sample characteristics were examined as moderators. For COMT, nine studies comprising 13 samples and including 2633 participants were selected. Sex, mean age, ethnicity, and sample characteristics were included as moderators. We also tested for possible publication bias. RESULTS The significant association between the DRD4 polymorphism and novelty-seeking was supported, but no association was found between the COMT polymorphism and novelty-seeking. In addition, our findings revealed that sex and age both directly moderate the relationship between DRD4 and novelty-seeking. Meanwhile, ethnicity can interact with age, sex, and genotype grouping, and age and sex can interact with each other, to moderate the association between the DRD4 exon III VNTR polymorphism and novelty-seeking. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence of association between the DRD4 exon III VNTR polymorphism and novelty-seeking, which is inconsistent with the results of previous meta-analysis. Furthermore, several direct and indirect moderators are also identified to explain contradictory results in the existing literature. However, our results regarding COMT are consistent with those of previous meta-analysis.
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Katonai ER, Szekely A, Vereczkei A, Sasvari-Szekely M, Bányai ÉI, Varga K. Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Genotypes and the Subjective Experiences of Hypnosis. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2017; 65:379-397. [PMID: 28836919 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2017.1348848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypnotizability is related to the Val158Met polymorphism of the COMT gene. The authors' aim was to find associations between candidate genes and subjective dimensions of hypnosis; 136 subjects participated in hypnosis and noninvasive DNA sampling. The phenomenological dimensions were tapped by the Archaic Involvement Measure (AIM), the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI), and the Dyadic Interactional Harmony Questionnaire (DIH). The main results were that the "Need of dependence" subscale of AIM was associated with the COMT genotypes. The GG subgroup showed higher scores, whereas AA had below average scores on the majority of the subjective measures. An association between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and the intimacy scores on the DIH was also evident. The effects are discussed in the social-psychobiological model of hypnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Katonai
- a Institute of Psychology , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Anna Szekely
- a Institute of Psychology , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - A Vereczkei
- b Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Maria Sasvari-Szekely
- b Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Éva I Bányai
- a Institute of Psychology , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Katalin Varga
- a Institute of Psychology , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
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Liang CS, Ho PS, Yen CH, Chen CY, Kuo SC, Huang CC, Yeh YW, Ma KH, Huang SY. The relationship between the striatal dopamine transporter and novelty seeking and cognitive flexibility in opioid dependence. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 74:36-42. [PMID: 27940252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Novelty seeking (NS) is a core personality trait that primes the susceptibility to drug addiction. Striatal dopamine activity contributes to cognitive flexibility, an important cognitive strategy to inhibit impulsivity and compulsive drug-seeking behavior. Evidence supports the association between dopamine and NS. Opioid-dependent patients show higher levels of NS, and repeated opioid exposure can cause cognitive deficits including poor cognitive flexibility and impaired impulse control. However, in opioid-dependent patients, the link between NS, striatal dopamine activity, and cognitive flexibility is still unclear. We recruited 22 opioid-dependent individuals and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Single-photon emission computed tomography with [99mTc]TRODAT-1 as a ligand was used to measure the striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability. The Trail Making Test (TMT) was performed to assess cognitive flexibility. Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) was used to measure NS. We found that in opioid-dependent patients, the striatal DAT availability was lower and negatively associated with TMT Part B÷Part A. Moreover, an inverted-U shape significantly matched the scores of NS as a function of the striatal DAT availability, with maximum NS potential in the midrange of the DAT availability. An extra sum-of-squares F test was conducted, indicating that a quadratic model fitted the association between the DAT and NS better than a linear model did. In brief, in opioid-dependent patients, the striatal DAT availability is nonlinearly linked to NS and linearly linked to cognitive flexibility. The role of the striatal DAT in the transition from controlled to compulsive opioid use warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Sung Liang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Shen Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Che-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin-Chang Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Chih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Branch, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Wei Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Department of anatomy and biology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Sun Y, Zhao LY, Wang GB, Yue WH, He Y, Shu N, Lin QX, Wang F, Li JL, Chen N, Wang HM, Kosten TR, Feng JJ, Wang J, Tang YD, Liu SX, Deng GF, Diao GH, Tan YL, Han HB, Lin L, Shi J. ZNF804A variants confer risk for heroin addiction and affect decision making and gray matter volume in heroin abusers. Addict Biol 2016; 21:657-66. [PMID: 25708696 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction shares common neurobiological pathways and risk genes with other psychiatric diseases, including psychosis. One of the commonly identified risk genes associated with broad psychosis has been ZNF804A. We sought to test whether psychosis risk variants in ZNF804A increase the risk of heroin addiction by modulating neurocognitive performance and gray matter volume (GMV) in heroin addiction. Using case-control genetic analysis, we compared the distribution of ZNF804A variants (genotype and haplotype) in 1035 heroin abusers and 2887 healthy subjects. We also compared neurocognitive performance (impulsivity, global cognitive ability and decision-making ability) in 224 subjects and GMV in 154 subjects based on the ZNF804A variants. We found significant differences in the distribution of ZNF804A intronic variants (rs1344706 and rs7597593) allele and haplotype frequencies between the heroin and control groups. Decision-making impairment was worse in heroin abusers who carried the ZNF804A risk allele and haplotype. Subjects who carried more risk alleles and haplotypes of ZNF804A had greater GMV in the bilateral insular cortex, right temporal cortex and superior parietal cortex. The interaction between heroin addiction and ZNF804A variants affected GMV in the left sensorimotor cortex. Our findings revealed several ZNF804A variants that were significantly associated with the risk of heroin addiction, and these variants affected decision making and GMV in heroin abusers compared with controls. The precise neural mechanisms that underlie these associations are unknown, which requires future investigations of the effects of ZNF804A on both dopamine neurotransmission and the relative increases in the volume of various brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- National Institute on Drug Dependence; Peking University; China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research; China
| | - Li-Yan Zhao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence; Peking University; China
| | - Gui-Bin Wang
- Peking University; China
- Institute of Material Medical; Peking Union Medical College; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; China
| | - Wei-Hua Yue
- Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital; Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Peking University; China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning; Beijing Normal University; China
| | - Ni Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning; Beijing Normal University; China
| | - Qi-Xiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning; Beijing Normal University; China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Alcohol and Drug Dependence; Beijing Hui Long Guan Hospital; China
| | - Jia-Li Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence; Peking University; China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research; China
| | - Na Chen
- National Institute on Drug Dependence; Peking University; China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research; China
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence; Peking University; China
| | - Thomas R. Kosten
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Jia-Jia Feng
- National Institute on Drug Dependence; Peking University; China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research; China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning; Beijing Normal University; China
| | - Yu-De Tang
- Department of Radiology; Zhongshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital; China
| | - Shu-Xue Liu
- Department of Radiology; Zhongshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital; China
| | | | | | - Yun-Long Tan
- Department of Alcohol and Drug Dependence; Beijing Hui Long Guan Hospital; China
| | - Hong-Bin Han
- Department of Radiology; Peking University Third Hospital; China
| | - Lu Lin
- National Institute on Drug Dependence; Peking University; China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research; China
- Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital; Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Peking University; China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence; Peking University; China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research; China
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Public Health; Beijing China
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12
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Su H, Li Z, Du J, Jiang H, Chen Z, Sun H, Zhao M. Predictors of heroin relapse: Personality traits, impulsivity, COMT gene Val158met polymorphism in a 5-year prospective study in Shanghai, China. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168:712-9. [PMID: 26345603 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Relapse is a typical feature of heroin addiction and rooted in genetic and psychological determinants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of personality traits, impulsivity, and COMT gene polymorphism (rs4680) on relapse to heroin use during 5-year follow up. 564 heroin dependent patients were enrolled in compulsory drug rehabilitation center. 12 months prior to their release, personality traits were measured by BIS-11 (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). The COMT gene rs4680 polymorphism was genotyped using a DNA sequence detection system. The heroin use status was evaluated for 5 years after discharged. Among the 564 heroin-dependent patients, 500 were followed for 5 years after discharge and 53.0% (n = 265) were considered as relapsed to heroin use according to a strict monitor system. Univariate analysis showed that age, having ever been in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), the total scores and non-planning scores of BIS-11, and the COMT rs4680 gene variants were different between relapse and abstinent groups. Logistic regression analysis showed higher BIS total score, having ever been in MMT and younger first heroin use age are the predictors of relapse to heroin use during 5 years follow-up, and the COMT rs4680 gene had an interaction with BIS scores. Our findings indicated that the impulsive personality traits, methadone use history, and onset age could predict relapse in heroin-dependent patients during 5 year's follow up. The COMT gene showed a moderational effect in part the relationship of impulsivity with heroin relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikang Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiming Sun
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Gold MS, Badgaiyan RD, Blum K. A Shared Molecular and Genetic Basis for Food and Drug Addiction: Overcoming Hypodopaminergic Trait/State by Incorporating Dopamine Agonistic Therapy in Psychiatry. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2015; 38:419-62. [PMID: 26300032 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on the shared molecular and neurogenetics of food and drug addiction tied to the understanding of reward deficiency syndrome. Reward deficiency syndrome describes a hypodopaminergic trait/state that provides a rationale for commonality in approaches for treating long-term reduced dopamine function across the reward brain regions. The identification of the role of DNA polymorphic associations with reward circuitry has resulted in new understanding of all addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Gold
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Rivermend Health Scientific Advisory Board, 2300 Windy Ridge Parkway South East, Suite 210S, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA; Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Educational Foundation, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Rajendra D Badgaiyan
- Laboratory of Advanced Radiochemistry and Molecular and Functioning Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical & Translational Science, Community Mental Health Institute, University of Vermont College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Division of Applied Clinical Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, 211 Circuit Drive, North Kingstown, RI 02852, USA; Rivermend Health Scientific Advisory Board, Atlanta, GA, USA
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van Breda K, Collins M, Stein DJ, Rauch L. The COMT val(158)met polymorphism in ultra-endurance athletes. Physiol Behav 2015; 151:279-83. [PMID: 26253211 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chronic levels of physical activity have been associated with increased dopamine (D2) receptors resulting in increased sensitivity to dopamine release. The catechol-O-methyltransferase enzyme, responsible for dopamine degradation, contains a functional polymorphism, which plays an important role in dopamine regulation within the prefrontal cortex. This polymorphism has previously been shown to affect human cognition and personality. However, the effect of this polymorphism has not been shown in ultra-endurance athletes. AIM To examine the association of the COMT val(158)met variant with personality traits (harm avoidance, novelty seeking, reward dependence, resilience) and psychological distress (K10) of habitual physically active Ironman athletes compared to recreationally active controls. METHODS 51 ultra-endurance Ironman athletes and 56 recreationally active controls were genotyped for the catechol-O-methyltransferase val(158)met polymorphism. Of the 107 participants, 55 ultra-endurance athletes and 32 recreationally active controls completed online personality questionnaires (harm avoidance, novelty seeking, reward dependence, resilience) and a psychological distress questionnaire (K10). RESULTS The personality trait, harm avoidance (p=0.001) and psychological distress (p=0.003) were significantly lower in Ironman athlete participants. Novelty seeking was significantly higher (p=0.02) in Ironman athlete participants with a significantly higher (p=0.04) score in Met(158) homozygous allele carriers. CONCLUSION Chronic levels of physical activity, as seen in ultra-endurance athletes, show increased novelty seeking scores in Met(158) homozygous allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keelyn van Breda
- Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Laurie Rauch
- Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Chen CK, Lin SK, Chiang SC, Su LW, Wang LJ. Polymorphisms of COMT Val158Met and DAT1 3'-UTR VNTR in illicit drug use and drug-related psychiatric disorders. Subst Use Misuse 2014; 49:1385-91. [PMID: 24708432 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.901391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the involvement of COMT Val158Met and DAT1 3'-UTR VNTR genotypes in the pathogenesis of illicit drug use and drug-induced psychotic disorders (DIP), 187 substance users and 386 normal controls were recruited from Northern Taiwan. Substance users and normal controls significantly differed in allele frequencies of COMT Val158Met (p = 0.039) but not in allele frequencies of DAT1 3'-UTR VNTR (p = 0.879). However, neither allele frequencies of COMT Val158Met nor allele frequencies of DAT1 3'-UTR VNTR were associated with DIP. The findings should be confirmed in further studies of a larger sample size and a more homogenous patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ken Chen
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung , Keelung , Taiwan
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van der Knaap LJ, Schaefer JM, Franken IHA, Verhulst FC, van Oort FVA, Riese H. Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene methylation and substance use in adolescents: the TRAILS study. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2014; 13:618-25. [PMID: 24902721 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Substance use often starts in adolescence and poses a major problem for society and individual health. The dopamine system plays a role in substance use, and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an important enzyme that degrades dopamine. The Val(108/158) Met polymorphism modulates COMT activity and thus dopamine levels, and has been linked to substance use. COMT gene methylation, on the other hand, may affect expression and thus indirectly COMT activity. We investigated whether methylation of the COMT gene was associated with adolescents' substance use. Furthermore, we explored whether the COMT Val(108/158) Met polymorphism interacts with COMT gene methylation in association with substance use. In 463 adolescents (mean age=16, 50.8% girls), substance use (cigarette smoking, alcohol and cannabis use) was assessed with self-report questionnaires. From blood samples, COMT Val(108/158) Met genotype and methylation rates of membrane bound (MB) and soluble (S) COMT promoters were assessed. MB-COMT promoter methylation was associated with non-daily smoking [odds ratio (OR)=1.82, P=0.03], but not with daily smoking (OR=1.20, P=0.34), MB-COMT promoter methylation was not associated with alcohol use. Adolescents with the Met/Met genotype and high rates of MB-COMT promoter methylation were less likely to be high-frequent cannabis users than adolescents with the Val/Val or Val/Met genotype. S-COMT promoter methylation was not associated with substance use. These results indicate that there is an association between substance use and COMT gene methylation. Although this association is complex, combining genetic and epigenetic variation of the COMT gene may be helpful in further elucidating the influence of the dopamine system on substance use in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J van der Knaap
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands
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Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS): molecular neurogenetic evidence for predisposition to Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS). Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:765-96. [PMID: 24878765 PMCID: PMC4225054 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have published extensively on the neurogenetics of brain reward systems with reference to the genes related to dopaminergic function in particular. In 1996, we coined “Reward Deficiency Syndrome” (RDS), to portray behaviors found to have gene-based association with hypodopaminergic function. RDS as a useful concept has been embraced in many subsequent studies, to increase our understanding of Substance Use Disorder (SUD), addictions, and other obsessive, compulsive, and impulsive behaviors. Interestingly, albeit others, in one published study, we were able to describe lifetime RDS behaviors in a recovering addict (17 years sober) blindly by assessing resultant Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS™) data only. We hypothesize that genetic testing at an early age may be an effective preventive strategy to reduce or eliminate pathological substance and behavioral seeking activity. Here, we consider a select number of genes, their polymorphisms, and associated risks for RDS whereby, utilizing GWAS, there is evidence for convergence to reward candidate genes. The evidence presented serves as a plausible brain-print providing relevant genetic information that will reinforce targeted therapies, to improve recovery and prevent relapse on an individualized basis. The primary driver of RDS is a hypodopaminergic trait (genes) as well as epigenetic states (methylation and deacetylation on chromatin structure). We now have entered a new era in addiction medicine that embraces the neuroscience of addiction and RDS as a pathological condition in brain reward circuitry that calls for appropriate evidence-based therapy and early genetic diagnosis and that requires further intensive investigation.
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Pharmacological, experimental therapeutic, and transcranial magnetic stimulation treatments for compulsivity and impulsivity. CNS Spectr 2014; 19:50-61. [PMID: 24176028 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852913000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been recently drawn apart from anxiety disorder by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) and clustered together with related disorders (eg, hoarding, hair pulling disorder, skin picking), which with it seems to share clinical and neurophysiological similarities. Recent literature has mainly explored brain circuitries (eg, orbitofrontal cortex, striatum), molecular pathways, and genes (eg, Hoxb8, Slitrk5, Sapap3) that represent the new target of the treatments; they also lead the development of new probes and compounds. In the therapeutic field, monotherapy with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is recommendable, but combination or augmentation with a dopaminergic or glutamatergic agent is often adopted. A promising therapy for OCD is represented by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which is suitable to treat compulsivity and impulsivity depending on the protocol of stimulation and the brain circuitries targeted.
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Interaction between novelty seeking and the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene in heroin-dependent patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2013; 33:386-90. [PMID: 23609397 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0b013e3182900fb3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heroin dependence is a multifactor disorder. We investigated the association of genetic factors and heroin-dependent temperaments to determine whether a temperament-gene interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of heroin dependence. METHODS Three hundred seventy participants (259 heroin-dependent patients and 111 healthy controls) were recruited and finished the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire to assess personality traits (temperament). The genotypes of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene and the Val66Met polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene using polymerase chain reactions plus restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression analysis showed significant main effects for novelty seeking (P ≤ 0.001) and harm-avoidance (P = 0.001) scores, and a significant interaction effect between novelty seeking and ALDH2 genotypes (P = 0.016) in heroin-dependent patients compared with controls. When stratified by the ALDH2 genotypes, only heroin-dependent patients with the *1*2 and *2*2 genotypes at ALDH2 had higher novelty-seeking scores than did controls (heroin dependence = 15.94, controls = 12.46; P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide initial evidence that the ALDH2 gene interacted with novelty seeking in heroin-dependent Han Chinese patients in Taiwan.
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The influence of the Val158Met catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism on the personality traits of bipolar patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62900. [PMID: 23646156 PMCID: PMC3639910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Certain personality traits and genetic polymorphisms are contributing factors to bipolar disorder and its symptomatology, and in turn, this syndrome influences personality. The aim of the present study is to compare the personality traits of euthymic bipolar patients with healthy controls and to investigate the effect of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met genotype on those traits. We recruited thirty seven bipolar I patients in euthymic state following a manic episode and thirty healthy controls and evaluated their personality by means of the Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (version TCI-R-140). We assessed the influence of the polymorphism Val158Met in the COMT gene on the personality of these patients. The patients scored higher than controls in harm avoidance (61.3±12.5 vs. 55.3±8.1) and self-transcendence (45.3±12.8 vs. 32.7±8.2) and scored lower than controls in self-directedness (68.8±13.3 vs. 79.3±8.1), cooperativeness (77.1±9.1 vs. 83.9±6.5) and persistence (60.4±15.1 vs. 67.1±8.9). The novelty seeking dimension associates with the Val158Met COMT genotype; patients with the low catabolic activity genotype, Met/Met, show a higher score than those with the high catabolic activity genotype, Val/Val. Conclusions Suffering from bipolar disorder could have an impact on personality. A greater value in harm avoidance may be a genetic marker for a vulnerability to the development of a psychiatric disorder, but not bipolar disorder particularly, while a low value in persistence may characterize affective disorders or a subgroup of bipolar patients. The association between novelty seeking scores and COMT genotype may be linked with the role dopamine plays in the brain’s reward circuits.
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Sheikh HI, Kryski KR, Smith HJ, Dougherty LR, Klein DN, Bufferd SJ, Singh SM, Hayden EP. Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene val158met polymorphism and depressive symptoms during early childhood. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:245-52. [PMID: 23475824 PMCID: PMC5288403 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) is a critical regulator of catecholamine levels in the brain. A functional polymorphism of the COMT gene, val158met, has been linked to internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety) in adolescents and adults. We extended this research by investigating whether the val158met polymorphism was associated with childhood symptoms of depression and anxiety in two independent samples of young children (Ns = 476 and 409). In both samples, preschool-aged children were genotyped for the COMT val158met polymorphism. Symptoms of psychopathology were assessed via parent interviews and primary caregiver reports. In both samples, children homozygous for the val allele had higher levels of depressive symptoms compared to children with at least one copy of the met allele. Our findings extend previous research in older participants by showing links between the COMT val158met polymorphism and internalizing symptoms in early childhood.
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Blum K, Oscar-Berman M, Barh D, Giordano J, Gold MS. Dopamine Genetics and Function in Food and Substance Abuse. JOURNAL OF GENETIC SYNDROMES & GENE THERAPY 2013; 4:1000121. [PMID: 23543775 PMCID: PMC3609029 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7412.1000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Having entered the genomics era with confidence in the future of medicine, including psychiatry, identifying the role of DNA and polymorphic associations with brain reward circuitry has led to a new understanding of all addictive behaviors. It is noteworthy that this strategy may provide treatment for the millions who are the victims of "Reward Deficiency Syndrome" (RDS) a genetic disorder of brain reward circuitry. This article will focus on drugs and food being mutuality addictive, and the role of dopamine genetics and function in addictions, including the interaction of the dopamine transporter, and sodium food. We will briefly review our concept that concerns the genetic antecedents of multiple-addictions (RDS). Studies have also shown that evaluating a panel of established reward genes and polymorphisms enables the stratification of genetic risk to RDS. The panel is called the "Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS)", and is a tool for the diagnosis of a genetic predisposition for RDS. The use of this test, as pointed out by others, would benefit the medical community by identifying at risk individuals at a very early age. We encourage, in depth work in both animal and human models of addiction. We encourage further exploration of the neurogenetic correlates of the commonalities between food and drug addiction and endorse forward thinking hypotheses like "The Salted Food Addiction Hypothesis".
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Affiliation(s)
- K Blum
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
- Department of Nutrigenomics, LifeGen, Inc., Austin, Texas, USA
| | - M Oscar-Berman
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - J Giordano
- Department of Holistic Medicine, G & G Health Care Services LLC, North Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - MS Gold
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Flessner CA, Knopik VS, McGeary J. Hair pulling disorder (trichotillomania): genes, neurobiology, and a model for understanding impulsivity and compulsivity. Psychiatry Res 2012; 199:151-8. [PMID: 22537722 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hair pulling disorder (trichotillomania) affects at least 3.7 million people in the United States and results in marked functional impairment. This article reviews empirical research investigating the genetics and neurobiology of hair pulling disorder (HPD). We also discuss recent advances in the characterization of this phenotype which have led to evidence supporting the existence of at least two disparate pulling styles-automatic and focused pulling. These pulling styles exhibit facets of behavioral processes, impulsivity and compulsivity, characteristic of several classes of disorders (e.g., obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, impulse control disorders). Available genetic, neurobiological, and clinical data support the importance of impulsivity for conceptualizing HPD. Impulsivity alone is insufficient to fully understand this complex phenotype. Characterizations of both automatic and focused pulling as well as preliminary findings from affective neuroscience across species highlight the importance of compulsivity for understanding HPD. Opposing and complementary aspects to impulsivity-compulsivity provide a more comprehensive conceptualization of HPD and supports HPD's potential importance for advancing scientific inquiry in relation to the pathogenesis and treatment of related phenotypes. This review concludes with a description of areas-phenotype, neurobiology, and genes-in need of further study.
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Genetics of dopamine receptors and drug addiction. Hum Genet 2012; 131:803-22. [PMID: 22350797 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine plays a key role in reward behavior, yet the association of drug dependence as a chronic, relapsing disorder with the genes encoding the various dopaminergic receptor subtypes remains difficult to delineate. In the context of subsequent genome-wide association (GWAS) research and post-GWAS investigations, we summarize the novel data that link genes encoding molecules involved in the dopaminergic system (dopamine receptors, transporter and enzymes in charge of its metabolism) to drug addiction. Recent reports indicate that the heritability of drug addiction should be high enough to allow a significant role for a specific set of genes, and the available genetic studies, which might not be already conclusive because of the heterogeneity of designs, methods and recruited samples, should support the idea of a significant role of at least one gene related to dopaminergic system. Evolutionary changes in primates and non-primate animals of genes coding for molecules involved in dopaminergic system highlight why addictive disorders are mainly limited to humans. Restricting the analyses to more specific intermediate phenotypes (or endophenotypes) such as attention allocation, stress reactivity, novelty seeking, behavioral disinhibition and impulsivity, instead of the broad addictive disorder concept can be instrumental to identify novel genes associated with these traits in the context of genome-wide studies.
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Li J, Ma H, Huang Y, Wu L, Li J, Zhao X, Jin Q, Zhu G. No association of a casein kinase 1ε (CK1ε) gene polymorphism with personality traits in healthy Chinese-Han subjects. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 47:437-41. [PMID: 22113361 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The human casein kinase 1 (CK1) family is comprised of seven monomeric serine/threonine kinases (α, β, γ1-γ3, δ, and ε) encoded by seven highly conserved genes. Casein kinases modulate numerous biological and pathological processes by regulating the phosphorylation of the 32 kDa dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein DARPP-32, a major downstream regulator of dopamine signaling. Individual variation in the dopamine signaling system is thought to determine certain dimensions of personality, but there have been no published studies investigating the involvement of CK1 in the biological determination of temperament. We examined the association between the rs135745C/G polymorphism of the CK1ε gene CSNK1E and personality traits as measured by the tridimensional personality questionnaire in healthy Chinese-Han subjects. There were no differences in the total scores for novelty seeking (NS, χ (2) = 4.151, P = 0.125), harm avoidance (χ (2) = 3.299, P = 0.192), or reward dependence (χ (2) = 0.816, P = 0.665) between the rs135745C/G genotypes. In the sub-item analyses, the NS1 scores were significantly different (χ (2) = 7.024, P = 0.030) between rs135745C/G genotypes. However, this difference did not remain statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. Thus, our results did not provide evidence for the association between CK1ε gene and personality traits in healthy Chinese-Han subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
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Chen C, Chen C, Moyzis R, Dong Q, He Q, Zhu B, Li J, Li H, Li J, Lessard J. Sex modulates the associations between the COMT gene and personality traits. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:1593-8. [PMID: 21471954 PMCID: PMC3138659 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown inconsistent findings regarding the relations between the functional Val158Met polymorphisms of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and individual differences in personality traits. This study attempts to overcome some of the weaknesses of previous research, namely, small sample sizes, clinical samples, ethnic stratification, wide age ranges, neglecting sex differences, and single measures of personality traits. A large sample (n = 556, 250 male, 306 female) of healthy Chinese college students (mean age = 20.5 ± 1 years) was given a battery of personality scales, including the temperament and character inventory-revised, the behavioral inhibition system and behavioral approach system scale, the Beck depression inventory, and the Beck anxiety inventory. Factor analysis of the affect-related personality traits revealed two factors that corresponded to positive (PEM) and negative emotionality (NEM). We found a consistent COMT-by-sex interaction effect on affect-related personality traits. Compared with males with Met/Met alleles, males with Val/Val alleles showed significantly higher scores on NEM, but lower scores on PEM. Females, however, showed an opposite but nonsignificant pattern. Our results supported the role of the COMT gene in personality traits for males and contributed to the growing literature on sex differences in gene-behavior connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Robert Moyzis
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China. Tel: +86 105 880 7615, Fax: +86 105 880 8470, E-mail:
| | - Qinghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jared Lessard
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Psychopathological aspects of dopaminergic gene polymorphisms in adolescence and young adulthood. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35:1665-86. [PMID: 21527290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine hypotheses of several psychiatric disorders are based upon the clinical benefits of drugs affecting dopamine transporter or receptors, and have prompted intensive candidate gene research within the dopaminergic system during the last two decades. The aim of this review is to survey the most important findings concerning dopaminergic gene polymorphisms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Tourette syndrome (TS), obsessive compulsive disorder, and substance abuse. Also, genetic findings of related phenotypes, such as inattention, impulsivity, aggressive behavior, and novelty seeking personality trait are presented, because recent studies have applied quantitative trait measures using questionnaires, symptom scales, or other objective endophenotypes. Unfortunately, genetic variants with minor effects are problematic to detect in these complex inheritance disorders, often leading to contradictory results. The most consistent association findings relate to ADHD and the dopamine transporter and the dopamine D4 receptor genes. Meta-analyses also support the association between substance abuse and the D2 receptor gene. The dopamine catabolizing enzyme genes, such as monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes, have been linked to aggressive behaviors.
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