1
|
Asadi M, Yoosefi S. Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the machiavellian personality scale and its association with social adjustment and risky behaviors in Iranian college students. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:693. [PMID: 37749504 PMCID: PMC10521433 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to develop and assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Machiavellian Personality Scale (P-MPS), and evaluate its relationship with social adjustment and risky behaviors in Iranian college students. METHODS Participants were 500 healthy college students (270 females and 230 males) from medical and non-medical universities in Sanandaj, Iran. They completed the P-MPS, the social adjustment subscale of the Bell Adjustment Inventory, and the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) questionnaire. The factor structure of the P-MPS was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to examine the internal consistency of the P-MPS and Pearson correlation test was used to investigate the relationship of the P-MPS score with the scores of social adjustment subscale and YRBSS. RESULTS The P-MPS showed good content validity (Content validity ratio = 0.73, content validity index = 0.90), construct validity, and internal consistency (α = 0.802). The CFA results supported the four-factor solution of the questionnaire. The total score of P-MPS and its dimensions showed a significant negative relationship with social adjustment (p < 0.05). Moreover, its score was significantly correlated with risky behaviors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The Persian version of MPS can be used for assessing Machiavellianism in the Iranian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Asadi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Yoosefi
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De Berardis D, Fornaro M, Valchera A, Rapini G, Di Natale S, De Lauretis I, Serroni N, Orsolini L, Tomasetti C, Bustini M, Carano A, Vellante F, Perna G, Core L, Alessandrini M, Fraticelli S, Martinotti G, Di Giannantonio M. Alexithymia, resilience, somatic sensations and their relationships with suicide ideation in drug naïve patients with first-episode major depression: An exploratory study in the "real world" everyday clinical practice. Early Interv Psychiatry 2020; 14:336-342. [PMID: 31402575 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study is aimed at revaluating alexithymia, somatic sensations, resilience and their relationships with suicide ideation in drug naïve adult outpatients suffering from first episode major depression (MD). METHODS Data of 103 adult outpatients (49 men, 56 women) with a diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) diagnosis of MD were analysed. Alexithymia was measured using the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and resilience with the 25 items Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) whereas depression was evaluated using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, somatic sensations with the Body Sensations Questionnaire and suicide ideation with Scale of Suicide Ideation (SSI). RESULTS Gender comparisons between all demographic and clinical variables showed no significant differences in all variables. Subjects who were found positive for alexithymia showed higher scores on all clinical variables controlling for age, gender and duration of the current episode. In a linear regression model, lower scores on CD-RISC and Difficulty in Identifying Feelings dimension of TAS-20 were significantly predictive of higher scores on SSI. CONCLUSIONS Alexithymia and low resilience were significant predictors of increased suicide ideation in a first MD episode. However, study limitations must be considered and future research needs are being discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico De Berardis
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini," ASL 4, Teramo, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostolmatology, Section of Psychiatry, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Polyedra Research Group, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Valchera
- Polyedra Research Group, Teramo, Italy.,School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.,Villa S. Giuseppe Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Gabriella Rapini
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini," ASL 4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Natale
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini," ASL 4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Ida De Lauretis
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Serroni
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Orsolini
- Polyedra Research Group, Teramo, Italy.,School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.,Villa S. Giuseppe Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Psychopharmacotherapeutics, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Carano
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "Madonna Del Soccorso", San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy
| | - Federica Vellante
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Perna
- Hermanas Hospitalarias, FoRiPsi, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Villa San Benedetto Menni, Albese con Cassano, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Laura Core
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Center of Mental Health, ASL 4, Giulianova, Italy
| | - Marco Alessandrini
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Fraticelli
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Psederska E, Savov S, Atanassov N, Vassileva J. Relationships Between Alexithymia and Psychopathy in Heroin Dependent Individuals. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2269. [PMID: 31649591 PMCID: PMC6794427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychopathy and substance use disorders are highly co-morbid and their co-occurrence is associated with higher severity of addictive behavior and increased risk of violent offending. Both substance use disorders and psychopathy are related to prominent impairments in emotion processing, which are also central features of alexithymia. The nature of the relationship between psychopathy and alexithymia is not well-understood and has been particularly understudied among substance dependent individuals. AIM Our goal was to evaluate the levels of psychopathy and alexithymia in a relatively homogeneous sample of heroin dependent individuals (HDIs) and healthy controls and to examine group differences in the pattern of associations between these constructs. METHODS We examined 62 participants (31 heroin dependent individuals and 31 healthy controls) with the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening version (PCL:SV, Hart et al., 1995) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20, Bagby et al., 1994). RESULTS Heroin dependent individuals were characterized by higher levels of both psychopathy and alexithymia as compared to the control group. In addition, HDIs with higher levels of psychopathy reported more difficulties in identifying and verbalizing emotional states. In the heroin group, alexithymia was more strongly associated with the impulsive/antisocial characteristics (impulsivity, irresponsibility, antisocial behavior) than with the interpersonal/affective features of psychopathy (grandiosity, manipulativeness, lack of empathy, and remorse). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that alexithymia may be one potential mechanism linking psychopathy with opioid use disorders. The development of interventions targeting alexithymia could have significant applications in relapse prevention programs and psychotherapy of substance use disorders with concurrent psychopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Psederska
- Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Bulgarian Addictions Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetoslav Savov
- Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikola Atanassov
- Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jasmin Vassileva
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu W, Wang H, Zheng C, Wu YJ. Effect of Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Machiavellianism on Entrepreneurial Intention-The Mediating of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. Front Psychol 2019; 10:360. [PMID: 30846958 PMCID: PMC6393355 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The driving factors behind the exploration and search for entrepreneurial intention (EI) are critical to entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial practice. To reveal in depth the influence of personality traits on EI, our study introduces the opposite of proactive personality-the dark triad that consists of narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism. Our study used the MBA students of Tianjin University as a sample to analyze the relationship between the dark triad, entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and EI. A total of 334 MBA students aged 24-47 years participated and the participation rate is 95.71%. The data collection was largely concentrated in the period from May 15 to June 5, 2018. From the overall perspective of the dark triad, the results show that the dark triad positively predicts EI, and ESE has a partial mediating effect on the dark triad and EI. From the perspective of the three members of the dark triad, the study found that narcissism/psychopathy has a negative effect on ESE and EI; narcissism/psychopathy has a non-linear effect on EI; Machiavellianism has a positive effect on ESE and EI; and ESE has a mediating effect on the three members of the dark triad and EI. In short, our research reveals that the three members of the dark triad have different effects on EI in different cultural contexts, and the research findings have certain reference value for further improvement of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Wu
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chundong Zheng
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yenchun Jim Wu
- Graduate Institute of Global Business and Strategy, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Caretti V, Gori A, Craparo G, Giannini M, Iraci-Sareri G, Schimmenti A. A New Measure for Assessing Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: The Addictive Behavior Questionnaire (ABQ). J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7080194. [PMID: 30071660 PMCID: PMC6111303 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7080194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article evaluates the psychometric properties of a new measure for assessing Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: the Addictive Behavior Questionnaire (ABQ). The ABQ is a self-report measure composed of two sections: the Severity Index (SI) and the Seven Domains Addiction Scale (7DAS). Materials and methods. A total sample of 698 subjects divided into two groups (515 subjects in the clinical sample and 183 subjects in the control sample), participated in this study. We applied Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to examine features of ABQ construct validity, we used Cronbach’s alpha coefficient to assess its internal reliability, and explored some aspects of its concurrent validity by examining its associations with other measures assessing addictive behaviors and psychopathology. Results and conclusions: results of EFA indicated that all the scales of the ABQ are unidimensional and showed good internal consistency. The correlations between the sections of the ABQ and the other measures used in the current study were significant and in the expected directions. These results suggest that the ABQ has good psychometric properties and allows researchers and clinicians to gather relevant information regarding behaviors, psychopathology and severity of symptoms, for the best clinical reasoning and for planning tailored treatment for each patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Caretti
- Department of Human Sciences-LUMSA University of Rome Borgo Sant'Angelo, 13, 00193 Rome-Italy and Institute of Integrative Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Via Ricasoli 32, 50122 Florence, Italy.
| | - Alessio Gori
- Department of Human Sciences-LUMSA University of Rome Borgo Sant'Angelo, 13, 00193 Rome-Italy and Institute of Integrative Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Via Ricasoli 32, 50122 Florence, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Craparo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE-Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy.
| | - Marco Giannini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Iraci-Sareri
- Institute of Integrative Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Italian Society of Clinical Psychodiagnosis, 50135 Florence, Italy-Gruppo Incontro, 51100 Pistoia, Italy.
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE-Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Craparo G, David V, Costanzo G, Gori A. Cosa Nostra and the Camorra: Assessment of personality, alexithymic traits, and attachment styles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2018; 58:17-26. [PMID: 29853007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Mafia (Cosa Nostra) and the Camorra are criminal organizations deeply rooted in an immoral familyism in which group interests are protected to the detriment of the individual. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of personality disorders, alexithymic traits and specific attachment styles in a sample of members belonging to these two different organized crime groups. We carried out two studies adopting two different perspectives. In the first study, we recruited 20 participants (10 members of Cosa Nostra and 10 members of the Camorra) who were serving time in the Augusta (Sicily) prison for crimes they had committed as members of the two Mafia-type organizations. The age of the Cosa Nostra members ranged from 28 to 62 years (M = 47.40, SD = 10.25); the age of the Camorra members ranged from 45 to 68 (M = 55.30, SD = 7.06). We tested personality profiles, attachment styles, alexithymia, and psychopathy and compared the results between the two groups. In this study while we did not find significant differences between the two groups, we were able to identify some discrepancies in a few of the variables analysed. In the second study, we used the Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO) to analyse the personality organization of 10 of 20 participants (5 members of Cosa Nostra and 5 members of Camorra). Analysing the results at the STIPO we found a significant presence of borderline personality organization in both groups. As regards attachment style, we found that Camorra-members' scores high (75°) on the Discomfort with Closeness (related to Avoidant Attachment Style) and Relationship as Secondary factors of the Attachment Style Questionnaire. The Data collected in our study were not sufficient to identify a specific personality disorder or a specific serious psychological condition in the two groups of participants. Nonetheless, thanks to use of the STIPO we were able to determine that in the sample analysed there was not one subject with a psychotic personality organization; we did however find the presence of borderline personality organization and neurotic personality organization in some of the subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Craparo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo David
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Italy
| | - Giulia Costanzo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Italy
| | - Alessio Gori
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gori A, Ponti L, Tani F, Iraci Sareri G, Giannini M, Meringolo P, Craparo G, Bruschi A, Caretti V, Cacioppo M, Paterniti R, Schuldberg D. Psychopathological features in a sample of substance-abusing individuals with criminal history: Towards a definition of a personality prototype of an 'Addict with Criminal Conduct'. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2017; 27:312-325. [PMID: 27102078 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between substance use disorders and criminal activity is strong, and one that is not easily resolved in the criminal justice system. A better understanding of personality traits among substance misusers who commit offences could support better treatment efforts. AIMS The aim of this study is to explore associations between the psychopathology of people addicted to substances who have also committed crimes. METHODS We recruited 263 substance-dependent individuals (80% male, 20% female) from a cohort of people attending regional community services in Italy. They all completed an extensive evaluation of their current mental health and personality traits. Their official criminal records were obtained, and the psychopathology of those who had a criminal record compared with those who did not. RESULTS The criminal group was more likely to perceive the external world as hostile and to consider others as responsible for their own problems and difficulties; in addition, substance-dependent individuals with criminal records showed more personality traits within the psychopathy range and fewer in the dependent personality range than the substance abusers who had never committed crimes. CONCLUSIONS These findings allow us to hypothesise that substance abusers who also have criminal convictions may have a specific personality profile. If further research were to confirm this, then it could have important implications for identifying people for particular treatment pathways and developing more effective treatments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gori
- University of Florence (Università degli Studi di Firenze), Florence, Italy
- New Social Pathologies Research Unit, University of Florence (Università degli Studi di Firenze), Florence, Italy
- LUMSA University of Rome (Libera Università degli Studi Maria SS. Assunta di Roma), Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ponti
- University of Florence (Università degli Studi di Firenze), Florence, Italy
- New Social Pathologies Research Unit, University of Florence (Università degli Studi di Firenze), Florence, Italy
| | - Franca Tani
- University of Florence (Università degli Studi di Firenze), Florence, Italy
- New Social Pathologies Research Unit, University of Florence (Università degli Studi di Firenze), Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Iraci Sareri
- Gruppo Incontro Social Cooperative, Pistoia, Italy
- Italian Society of Psychological Assessment Florence, Italy (Società Italiana di Psicodiagnostica Clinica - SIPDC), Italy
| | - Marco Giannini
- University of Florence (Università degli Studi di Firenze), Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Meringolo
- University of Florence (Università degli Studi di Firenze), Florence, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Bruschi
- Institute of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma), Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Caretti
- LUMSA University of Rome (Libera Università degli Studi Maria SS. Assunta di Roma), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cacioppo
- LUMSA University of Rome (Libera Università degli Studi Maria SS. Assunta di Roma), Rome, Italy
| | - Rolando Paterniti
- Careggi Hospital-University Corporation Florence, Italy (Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Careggi - Firenze), Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Craparo G. Unrepressed unconscious and unsaid in addictive symptomatology. PSYCHODYNAMIC PRACTICE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14753634.2017.1337523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Craparo
- Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria Enna, Enna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Talati A, Odgerel Z, Wickramaratne PJ, Norcini-Pala A, Skipper JL, Gingrich JA, Weissman MM. Associations between serotonin transporter and behavioral traits and diagnoses related to anxiety. Psychiatry Res 2017; 253:211-219. [PMID: 28391138 PMCID: PMC5472225 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of the serotonin transporter promoter-linked polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in psychiatric disease remains unclear. Behavioral traits could serve as alternative outcomes that are stable, precede psychopathology, and capture more sub-clinical variation. We test associations between 5-HTTLPR and (1) behavioral traits and (2) clinical diagnoses of anxiety and depression. Second and third generation participants (N=203, 34.2±13.8 years, 54% female) at high- or low- familial risk for depression (where risk was defined by the presence of major depression in the 1st generation) were assessed longitudinally using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-lifetime interview, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and the NEO-Five Factor Inventory. High (but not low)-risk offspring with two risk (short, s) alleles had higher impulsivity (+13%), hostility (+31%) and neuroticism (+23%). SS was associated higher rates of panic (OR=7.05 [2.44, 20.38], p=0.0003) and phobic (OR=2.68[1.04, 6.93], p=0.04), but not other disorders. Impulsivity accounted for 16% of associations between 5-HTTLPR and panic, and 52% of association between 5-HTTLPR and phobias. We show that 5-HTTLPR predicts higher impulsivity, hostility, and neuroticism, and that impulsivity could serve as a useful independent outcome or intermediary phenotype in genetic studies of anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ardesheer Talati
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Zagaa Odgerel
- Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Priya J. Wickramaratne
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY,Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Andrea Norcini-Pala
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jamie L. Skipper
- Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Jay A. Gingrich
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY,Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Myrna M. Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY,Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY,Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gori A, Craparo G, Caretti V, Giannini M, Iraci-Sareri G, Bruschi A, Janiri L, Ponti L, Tani F. Impulsivity, alexithymia and dissociation among pathological gamblers in different therapeutic settings: A multisample comparison study. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:789-795. [PMID: 28029440 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Since many psychopathological traits seem to be related to Gambling Disorder (GD), impulsivity, alexithymia and dissociation could play a central role in gambling behaviors, particularly in pathological gambling. We test this hypothesis in four distinct samples of gamblers, three undergoing different types of treatments and a control group. The study sample consists of 204 subjects (males 87.3%, mean age=47.75 years, SD=12.08) divided into four groups: (1) 59 subjects belonging to an Outpatients Treatment Program in the National Health System (NHS); (2) 60 subjects of an Outpatients Self-Help Group Program; (3) 35 subjects belonging to a Residential Treatment Program (Inpatients Program); and (4) 50 subjects without gambling problems (Control Group). Results show a positive relationship between gambling behaviors, impulsivity and alexithymia, and a negligible link between gambling behaviors and dissociation. Findings also display the presence of higher levels of all these features in pathological gamblers with higher scores on the SOGS, and particularly, in participants attending a Residential Treatment Program (Inpatients Program). This study confirms the hypothesis of the presence of higher levels of impulsivity, alexithymia and dissociation in pathological gamblers with a greater severity and seems to indicate a significant importance of impulsivity and alexithymia in predicting gambling behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gori
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Education and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; New Social Pathologies Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Italian Society of Psychological Assessment (SIPDC), Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Craparo
- Italian Society of Psychological Assessment (SIPDC), Italy; University of Enna "Kore", Enna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Caretti
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Italian Society of Psychological Assessment (SIPDC), Italy
| | - Marco Giannini
- Italian Society of Psychological Assessment (SIPDC), Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Bruschi
- Institute of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Janiri
- Institute of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ponti
- New Social Pathologies Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Franca Tani
- New Social Pathologies Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bulai I, Enea V. Dissociation and alexithymia in a Romanian sample of substance abuse patients. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2016. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2015.1130183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
12
|
Pellerone M, Craparo G, Tornabuoni Y. Relationship between Parenting and Cognitive Schemas in a Group of Male Adult Offenders. Front Psychol 2016; 7:302. [PMID: 27014121 PMCID: PMC4779958 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work analyzes the correlation of retrospective ratings on parental binding with cognitive patterns in the inmates for property crimes. The participant group comprehended 248 adults men, including 130 marked out as offenders (the target group), aged between 19 and 70, currently serving sentences in the Cavadonna prison in Siracusa, and 118 marked out as non-offenders (the control group), aged between 20 and 70, living in Siracusa (Sicily). The instruments used were the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and the Young Schema Questionnaire-3 (YSQ). The preliminary analysis showed a high percentage of offenders who experienced an affectionate constraint parenting. Offenders scored significantly higher than the non-offenders on the level of paternal control and the YSQ subscales. The study underlines the influence of maternal care on most of the cognitive schemas, and the role of father's control on the tendency to social isolation and defectiveness in the offenders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pellerone
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, "Kore" University of Enna Enna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Craparo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, "Kore" University of Enna Enna, Italy
| | - Ylenia Tornabuoni
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, "Kore" University of Enna Enna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Velotti P, Garofalo C, D'Aguanno M, Petrocchi C, Popolo R, Salvatore G, Dimaggio G. Mindfulness moderates the relationship between aggression and Antisocial Personality Disorder traits: Preliminary investigation with an offender sample. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 64:38-45. [PMID: 26350275 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor mentalizing has been described as a characteristic of Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD), along with the well-established role of aggressiveness. In the current study, we tested this hypothesis focusing on a specific aspect of mentalization (i.e., mindfulness). METHOD We explored the unique and joint contribution of aggression dimensions and mindfulness facets to ASPD traits in an offender sample (N=83). RESULTS Mindfulness deficits were associated with ASPD traits, and a significant unique association emerged between difficulties in acting with awareness and ASPD traits. Likewise, physical aggression confirmed its association with ASPD traits. Moderation analyses revealed that mindfulness interacted with aggression in predicting ASPD. Specifically, at low levels of mindfulness, the association between aggression and ASPD dropped to nonsignificance. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that fostering self-mentalizing is a relevant treatment target when treating offenders with ASPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Velotti
- University of Genoa, Department of Educational Sciences, Corso Andrea Podestà, 2, 16126, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Carlo Garofalo
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185, Rome, Italy; Tilburg University, Department of Developmental Psychology, Warandelaan 2, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Mario D'Aguanno
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Petrocchi
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Popolo
- Center for Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy, Piazza dei Martiri di Belfiore, 4, 00195, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giampaolo Salvatore
- Center for Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy, Piazza dei Martiri di Belfiore, 4, 00195, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Dimaggio
- Center for Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy, Piazza dei Martiri di Belfiore, 4, 00195, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|