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Basu D, Ghosh A, Naskar C, Balachander S, Fernandes G, Vaidya N, Kumaran K, Krishna M, Barker GJ, Sharma E, Murthy P, Holla B, Jain S, Orfanos DP, Kalyanram K, Purushottam M, Bharath RD, Varghese M, Thennarasu K, Chakrabarti A, Singh RL, Singh RL, Nanjayya SB, Ahuja CK, Kartik K, Krishnaveni G, Kuriyan R, Kurpad SS, Desrivieres S, Iyengar U, Zhang Y, Hickman M, Spiers A, Toledano M, Schumann G, Benegal V. Risk clustering and psychopathology from a multi-center cohort of Indian children, adolescents, and young adults. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:800-808. [PMID: 35393927 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Developmental adversities early in life are associated with later psychopathology. Clustering may be a useful approach to group multiple diverse risks together and study their relation with psychopathology. To generate risk clusters of children, adolescents, and young adults, based on adverse environmental exposure and developmental characteristics, and to examine the association of risk clusters with manifest psychopathology. Participants (n = 8300) between 6 and 23 years were recruited from seven sites in India. We administered questionnaires to elicit history of previous exposure to adverse childhood environments, family history of psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives, and a range of antenatal and postnatal adversities. We used these variables to generate risk clusters. Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-5 was administered to evaluate manifest psychopathology. Two-step cluster analysis revealed two clusters designated as high-risk cluster (HRC) and low-risk cluster (LRC), comprising 4197 (50.5%) and 4103 (49.5%) participants, respectively. HRC had higher frequencies of family history of mental illness, antenatal and neonatal risk factors, developmental delays, history of migration, and exposure to adverse childhood experiences than LRC. There were significantly higher risks of any psychiatric disorder [Relative Risk (RR) = 2.0, 95% CI 1.8-2.3], externalizing (RR = 4.8, 95% CI 3.6-6.4) and internalizing disorders (RR = 2.6, 95% CI 2.2-2.9), and suicidality (2.3, 95% CI 1.8-2.8) in HRC. Social-environmental and developmental factors could classify Indian children, adolescents and young adults into homogeneous clusters at high or low risk of psychopathology. These biopsychosocial determinants of mental health may have practice, policy and research implications for people in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Basu
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhishek Ghosh
- Drug Deaddiction and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chandrima Naskar
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Srinivas Balachander
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Gwen Fernandes
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nilakshi Vaidya
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Charité Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kalyanaraman Kumaran
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Murali Krishna
- Foundation for Research and Advocacy in Mental Health, Mysore, India
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eesha Sharma
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Pratima Murthy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Bharath Holla
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Kartik Kalyanram
- Rishi Valley, Rural Health Centre, Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Meera Purushottam
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Kandavel Thennarasu
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Amit Chakrabarti
- Centre on Non-Communicable Diseases Division of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Kolkata, India
| | - Rajkumar Lenin Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Roshan Lourembam Singh
- Department of Psychology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | | | - Chirag Kamal Ahuja
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kamakshi Kartik
- Rishi Valley, Rural Health Centre, Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ghattu Krishnaveni
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
| | - Rebecca Kuriyan
- Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunita Simon Kurpad
- Department of Psychiatry & Department of Medical Ethics, St. John's Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Sylvane Desrivieres
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, MRC Social, Genetic, Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Udita Iyengar
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, MRC Social, Genetic, Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, MRC Social, Genetic, Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alex Spiers
- Department for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College of Science, London, UK
| | - Mireille Toledano
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Charité Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and PONS Centre, Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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Parenting Styles and Psychiatric Profile of Parents of Adult Substance Use Disorder Patients: Cross-sectional Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Drug addiction co-morbidity with alcohol: Neurobiological insights. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 157:409-472. [PMID: 33648675 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic disorder that consists of a three-stage cycle of binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation. These stages involve, respectively, neuroadaptations in brain circuits involved in incentive salience and habit formation, stress surfeit and reward deficit, and executive function. Much research on addiction focuses on the neurobiology underlying single drug use. However, alcohol use disorder (AUD) can be co-morbid with substance use disorder (SUD), called dual dependence. The limited epidemiological data on dual dependence indicates that there is a large population of individuals suffering from addiction who are dependent on more than one drug and/or alcohol, yet dual dependence remains understudied in addiction research. Here, we review neurobiological data on neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems that are known to contribute to addiction pathology and how the involvement of these systems is consistent or divergent across drug classes. In particular, we highlight the dopamine, opioid, corticotropin-releasing factor, norepinephrine, hypocretin/orexin, glucocorticoid, neuroimmune signaling, endocannabinoid, glutamate, and GABA systems. We also discuss the limited research on these systems in dual dependence. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that the use of multiple drugs can produce neuroadaptations that are distinct from single drug use. Further investigation into the neurobiology of dual dependence is necessary to develop effective treatments for addiction to multiple drugs.
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Gribben JL, Ilonzo N, Neifert S, Hubert M, Leitman IM. Characteristics and Outcomes of Abdominal and Pelvic Trauma Patients With Psychiatric Illness. J Surg Res 2019; 243:440-446. [PMID: 31279984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between psychiatric illness and outcomes in trauma patients in general has only recently been investigated. The aim of this study was to describe the unique characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of patients with comorbid psychiatric illness and penetrating abdominal and pelvic injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective review of trauma patients with open injuries to the abdomen and pelvis identified in the 2010-2015 the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program database. Baseline variables extracted included demographics, comorbidities, including a discrete "psychiatric illness" variable that preexisted in the database, and injury information. Outcome variables collected included in-hospital mortality, length of stay and intensive care unit stay, and complications. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Logistic regression was used to assess independent predictors for mortality with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) constructed about group differences. RESULTS There were 22,053 patients identified, 6.1% of whom were diagnosed with a psychiatric comorbidity. Patients with psychiatric illnesses were more likely to be aged ≥65 y (5.4% versus 3.2%, P < 0.0001), female (25.4% versus 12.4%, P < 0.0001), and have other comorbidities. Their injuries were more likely to be self-inflicted (34.9% versus 4.9%) and of a cut or piercing mechanism (33.7% versus 24.1%). Psychiatric comorbidity was an independent predictor of intensive care unit admission (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.14-1.53) and was independently associated with decreased odds of mortality (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.32-0.55) despite increased complication rates. CONCLUSIONS The presence of a psychiatric comorbidity may be independently associated with trauma patients' complications and outcomes. Patients with psychiatric comorbidities have a unique set of risk factors and health needs that must be recognized and addressed by multidisciplinary care teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanie L Gribben
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nicole Ilonzo
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai St. Luke's, New York, New York
| | - Sean Neifert
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Maya Hubert
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai St. Luke's, New York, New York
| | - I Michael Leitman
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Holst C, Tolstrup JS, Sørensen HJ, Pisinger VSC, Becker U. Parental alcohol use disorder with and without other mental disorders and offspring alcohol use disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 139:508-517. [PMID: 30689217 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between parental alcohol use disorder (AUD) with and without other mental disorders and offspring AUD. METHODS Using data from Danish nationwide registers, we identified 15 477 offspring with parental AUD and 154 392 reference individuals from the general population. Parental AUD was defined as registration for AUD treatment. Parental mental disorders were identified in medical registers and comprised psychotic, mood, anxiety, personality, drug use, and other non-alcohol-related mental disorders. AUD in offspring was identified from medical, pharmacy, treatment and cause of death registers. Hazard ratios (HRs) of AUD were estimated using Cox regression models. RESULTS AUD in one or both parents was associated with higher risks of AUD in offspring compared with reference individuals. Paternal AUD plus other mental disorder (HR = 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.10-2.46) and paternal AUD alone (HR = 2.21, 95% CI: 2.07-2.36) were associated with higher offspring AUD risk. Similarly, maternal AUD plus other mental disorder (HR = 3.02, 95% CI: 2.66-3.43) and maternal AUD alone (HR = 2.57, 95% CI: 2.20-3.01) were associated with higher offspring AUD risk. CONCLUSIONS Offspring with parental AUD are at increased risk of AUD irrespective of exposure to other parental mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Holst
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J S Tolstrup
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H J Sørensen
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - V S C Pisinger
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - U Becker
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Gastrounit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Haeny AM, Littlefield AK, Wood PK, Sher KJ. Method effects of the relation between family history of alcoholism and parent reports of offspring impulsive behavior. Addict Behav 2018; 87:251-259. [PMID: 30096656 PMCID: PMC6148351 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There is an extensive, albeit inconsistent, literature on the relation between parental alcoholism and offspring impulsive behavior. The reasons for this inconsistency are likely multiple but it seems probable that method effects due to different methodological approaches might explain some of the inconsistencies. Offspring behavior is typically assessed based on informant reports. However, no specific method has been demonstrated as optimal for analyzing informant reports, and conclusions may differ depending on the method used. The present study compared findings derived from a multi-informant method proposed by Bauer et al. (2013) to other structural equation models. Participants came from Wave 7 of the Alcohol, Health and Behavior study and included mother and father reports of offspring impulsive behavior on the Health and Behavior Questionnaire (Armstrong, Goldstein, & the MacArthur Working Group on Outcome Assessment, 2003). There were 368 offspring (50% female, age range 3-17 years, meanage = 6.78, SDage = 3.07) from 205 families. The multi-informant model and the single-reporter models each provided a good fit of the data; however, findings differed based on the approach employed. Specifically, the mother-only report model found that offspring with a family history of alcoholism (FHA) were more impulsive compared to offspring without a FHA; no effect of FHA was found in the other single-reporter models. Ratings of offspring impulsive behavior were higher on the father perspective factor suggesting alcoholic fathers were biased in their reports. These findings highlight the relation between FHA and impulsive behavior varies depending on the analytic method used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Haeny
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Andrew K Littlefield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Phillip K Wood
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, The Midwest Alcohol Research Center, United States
| | - Kenneth J Sher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, The Midwest Alcohol Research Center, United States
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Tebeka S, Pignon B, Amad A, Le Strat Y, Brichant-Petitjean C, Thomas P, Vaiva G, Roelandt JL, Benradia I, Etain B, Rolland B, Dubertret C, Geoffroy PA. A study in the general population about sadness to disentangle the continuum from well-being to depressive disorders. J Affect Disord 2018; 226:66-71. [PMID: 28963866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sadness is both a common experience in general population and one of the main criteria of major depressive disorder (MDD). We tested the hypothesis of a depressive continuum using sadness as an intermediate experience between well-being and disorder. METHODS A French cross-sectional Mental Health survey in General Population interviewed 38,694 individuals. We examined prevalences and compared sociodemographic correlates and psychiatric disorders of individuals in 3 independent groups 1) MDD, 2) sadness without MDD, and 3) controls. RESULTS The prevalence of sadness was of 29.8% in the whole sample and of 93% in subjects suffering from MDD (n = 4976). The "sadness" group shared the same sociodemographic patterns as the "MDD" group. All psychiatric disorders assessed (i.e. bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, alcohol use disorder, psychotic disorder and suicide attempts) were significantly associated with both "sadness" and "MDD" groups compared to "controls". Individuals with sadness, compared to those with MDD, were significantly less likely to meet the criteria for all psychiatric disorders. MDD's sensitivity of sadness was 94,2%. LIMITATIONS Even though we used a quota sampling method, the sample was not strictly representative of the general population. CONCLUSION Sadness validates the depressive continuum hypothesis, since it is more frequent in the general population than MDD itself and at the same time shares with MDD the same sociodemographic and clinical correlates. A gradual association from controls to MDD was observed for psychiatric comorbidities. Finally, the high sensitivity of sadness may suggest its use to screen at-risk individuals converting from well-being to full psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tebeka
- APHP, Louis Mourier, Department of Psychiatry, Colombes, France; Centre for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Inserm (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research) U894, Paris, France; University Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France.
| | - Baptiste Pignon
- Inserm (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), U955, team 15, Créteil, France; AP-HP, DHU PePSY, Hôpitaux universitaires Henri-Mondor, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Créteil, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; UPEC, University Paris-Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France
| | - Ali Amad
- Univ Lille, CNRS UMR-9193 (SCA-Lab), France; CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan (CURE), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Yann Le Strat
- APHP, Louis Mourier, Department of Psychiatry, Colombes, France; Centre for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Inserm (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research) U894, Paris, France; University Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre Thomas
- Univ Lille, CNRS UMR-9193 (SCA-Lab), France; CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan (CURE), F-59000 Lille, France; Fédération régionale de recherche en santé mentale (F2RSM) Nord - Pas-de-Calais, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Univ Lille, CNRS UMR-9193 (SCA-Lab), France; CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan (CURE), F-59000 Lille, France; Fédération régionale de recherche en santé mentale (F2RSM) Nord - Pas-de-Calais, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Roelandt
- Inserm, UMRS 1123, ECEVE - University Paris Diderot, Site Villemin 10 avenue de Verdun, Paris F-75010, France; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, EPSM LilleMétropole, 211 Rue Roger Salengro, 59260 Hellemmes-Lille France
| | - Imane Benradia
- Inserm, UMRS 1123, ECEVE - University Paris Diderot, Site Villemin 10 avenue de Verdun, Paris F-75010, France; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, EPSM LilleMétropole, 211 Rue Roger Salengro, 59260 Hellemmes-Lille France
| | - Bruno Etain
- University Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Inserm, U1144, Paris F-75006, France; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Benjamin Rolland
- PSYR2, CNRL, Inserm U1028 / CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France; Pôle UP-MOPHA, CH le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Caroline Dubertret
- APHP, Louis Mourier, Department of Psychiatry, Colombes, France; Centre for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Inserm (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research) U894, Paris, France; University Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Pierre A Geoffroy
- University Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Inserm, U1144, Paris F-75006, France; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris F-75006, France
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Astur DC, Sbampato IN, Arliani GG, Franciozi CEDS, Debieux P, Cohen M. ASSOCIATION OF TOBACCO DEPENDENCE, ALCOHOLISM AND ANABOLIC STEROIDS WITH MENISCOLIGAMENTOUS INJURIES. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2018; 26:236-239. [PMID: 30210251 PMCID: PMC6131280 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220182604172699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine a relationship between smoking, alcohol abuse and anabolic steroids and meniscoligamentous injuries. METHODS A total of 239 patients underwent surgical treatment of isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) lesion, ACL associated with meniscal injury and isolated meniscal injury, and were inquired by a single team of surgeons about their habits: smoking, alcoholism and use of artificial anabolic agents. In addition, quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. RESULTS It was not possible to establish a direct relationship between habits and meniscal and ligamentous injuries, despite the finding that patients with ACL-associated lesions were more frequently smokers, and that patients with isolated meniscal injuries used more artificial anabolic agents. Regarding quality of life, there were no statistical differences in the habits between the groups; however, except for smokers with isolated meniscal injury, all patients who did not have the habits analyzed presented a better score in the SF-36 questionnaire. CONCLUSION There were no significant findings correlating smoking, alcohol abuse and artificial anabolic agents with the presence of injuries. In addition, six months after the surgical treatment, there was no difference in the quality of life between the groups evaluated. Level of Evidence III, Prospective case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Costa Astur
- Sports Traumatology Center (CETE), Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (DOT), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Neves Sbampato
- Sports Traumatology Center (CETE), Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (DOT), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gonçalves Arliani
- Sports Traumatology Center (CETE), Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (DOT), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo da Silveira Franciozi
- Sports Traumatology Center (CETE), Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (DOT), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Debieux
- Sports Traumatology Center (CETE), Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (DOT), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Moises Cohen
- Sports Traumatology Center (CETE), Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (DOT), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Getachew B, Hauser SR, Csoka AB, Taylor RE, Tizabi Y. Role of cortical alpha-2 adrenoceptors in alcohol withdrawal-induced depression and tricyclic antidepressants. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 175:133-139. [PMID: 28414989 PMCID: PMC5483174 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although a role for alpha-2 adrenoceptors (alpha-2 ARs) in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and depression is suggested, very little information on a direct interaction between alcohol and these receptors is available. METHODS In this study adult female Wistar and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, a putative animal model of depression, were exposed to alcohol vapor 3h daily for 10days (blood alcohol concentration ∼150mg%) followed by daily injection of 10mg/kg of imipramine (IMP, a selective norepinephrine NE/serotonin reuptake inhibitor) or nomifensine (NOMI, a selective NE/dopamine reuptake inhibitor). On day 11 animals were tested for open field locomotor activity (OFLA) and forced swim test (FST) and were sacrificed 2h later for measurement of alpha-2 ARs densities in the frontal cortex and hippocampus using [3H]RX 821002 as the specific ligand. RESULTS Chronic alcohol treatment increased the immobility in the FST, without affecting OFLA in both Wistar and WKY rats, suggesting induction of depressive-like behavior in Wistar rats and an exacerbation of this behavior in WKY rats. Alcohol treatment also resulted in an increase in cortical but not hippocampal alpha-2 ARs densities in both Wistar and WKY rats. The behavioral effects of alcohol were completely blocked by IMP and NOMI and the neurochemical effects (increases in alpha-2 ARs) were significantly attenuated by both drugs in both strains. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a role for cortical alpha-2 ARs in alcohol withdrawal-induced depression and that selective subtype antagonists of these receptors may be of adjunct therapeutic potential in AUD-depression co-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sheketha R. Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Antonei B. Csoka
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert E. Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
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Davis C, Mackew L, Levitan RD, Kaplan AS, Carter JC, Kennedy JL. Binge Eating Disorder (BED) in Relation to Addictive Behaviors and Personality Risk Factors. Front Psychol 2017; 8:579. [PMID: 28487663 PMCID: PMC5403820 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While there is good evidence that binge eating disorder (BED) is linked to higher-than-expected use of a broad range of addictive behaviors, mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. Using a mediation-analytical approach with three age- and gender-matched groups – overweight/obese adults with (n = 42) and without (n = 104) BED, and normal-weight control participants (n = 73) – we tested the hypothesis that adults with BED would engage in more addictive behaviors and have higher scores on a personality-risk index than the two control groups. We also anticipated that the relationship between BED and addictive behaviors would be mediated by a high-risk personality profile. The predicted mediation effect was strongly supported. Contrary to expectation, BED participants did not engage in more addictive behaviors or have higher personality-risk scores than their weight-matched counterparts. However, both overweight/obese groups did have significantly higher scores than the normal-weight group. The relationships among personality risk, elevated body mass index (BMI), and addictive behaviors have important clinical implications, especially for treatments that target psycho-behavioral intervention for compulsive overeating and substance-use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Davis
- Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Laura Mackew
- Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Robert D Levitan
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONCanada
| | - Allan S Kaplan
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONCanada
| | - Jacqueline C Carter
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John'sNF, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONCanada
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