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Highly Fluorescent Dyes Containing Conformationally Restrained Pyrazolylpyrene (Pyrazoolympicene) Chromophore. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041272. [PMID: 35209060 PMCID: PMC8875643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The triflic-acid-promoted cyclization of 1-phenyl-3-(pyren-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde afforded a mixture of 9-phenyl-7,9-dihydropyreno (10,1-fg)indazole and 9-phenylpyreno(10,1-fg)indazole-7(9H)-one, readily separable by column chromatography. Both products contained a rigid six-ringed pyrazoolympicene backbone and exhibited bright fluorescence in chloroform solution and a weak fluorescence in the solid state. DFT and TD DFT calculations revealed that the lowest excited state (S1) of these compounds is populated via HOMO →LUMO π-π * transition. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds behaved as weak bases and their emission spectra showed substantial changes upon protonation. Therefore, they may be of interest for sensing of strongly acidic fluorophore environments.
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Structural, Electronic and NLO Properties of 6-aminoquinoline: A DFT/TD-DFT Study. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1719-1729. [PMID: 34427839 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A computational study based on the DFT/TD-DFT approach was performed to explore various properties of 6-aminoquinoline (6AQ). The geometrical parameters, molecular orbitals (MOs), electronic spectra, electrostatic potential, molecular surface, reactivity parameters and thermodynamic properties of 6AQ were explored. The absorption and emission spectra of 6AQ in solvents have been estimated by TD-DFT coupled with the PCM model and correlated with the available experimental results. Depending on the solvents, the computed absorption maxima of 6AQ were noticed between 327 nm - 340 nm and ascribed to [Formula: see text] transition. The simulated emission maxima were obtained between 389 to 407 nm and ascribed to [Formula: see text] transition. On increasing the solvent polarity, both the emission and absorption maxima showed a bathochromic shift. The LUMO and HOMO were localized on the entire molecule. It was observed that the lowest excited state is possibly the [Formula: see text] charge-transfer (CT) state. The natural bonding orbital (NBO) study points out that ICT plays a significant role in stabilizing the molecular system. Moreover, the NLO (nonlinear optical) properties (polarizability, first-order hyperpolarizability and dipole moment) were computed using different hybrid functionals. The estimated values indicate that 6AQ can be considered a desirable molecule for further studies of the NLO applications.
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Saha B, Bhattacharyya PK. Role of heteroatoms and substituents on the structure, reactivity, aromaticity, and absorption spectra of pyrene: a density functional theory study. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Effect of heteroatoms viz. BN and substituents viz. –Me (methyl), –OH (hydroxyl), –NH2 (amine), –COOH (carboxyl), and –CN (cyano) on the structural parameters, global reactivity, aromaticity, and UV-visible spectra of pyrene are studied with the help of density functional theory (DFT). Global reactivity parameters such as global hardness (η) and electrophilicity (ω) are calculated using density functional reactivity theory (DFRT). Time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) is explored for interpreting the UV-visible absorption spectra. Aromaticity of the pyrene rings are predicted from the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) values. Presence of BN unit and substituent induces reasonable impact on the studied parameters. The observed absorption spectra lie predominantly within the UV-region (both blue and red shifts are observed in presence of BN and substituent). HOMO energy and absorption spectra are affected nominally in solvent phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bapan Saha
- Department of Chemistry , Handique Girls’ College , Guwahati , 781001 , Assam , India
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Shirai S, Inagaki S. Ab initio study on the excited states of pyrene and its derivatives using multi-reference perturbation theory methods. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12988-12998. [PMID: 35492109 PMCID: PMC9051409 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10483f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The excited states of phenyl-substituted pyrene derivatives were calculated using multi-reference perturbation theory methods.
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Pyrene and its selected 1-substituted derivatives revisited: A combined spectroscopic and computational investigation. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Roos MK, Reiter S, de Vivie-Riedle R. Ultrafast relaxation from 1La to 1Lb in pyrene: a theoretical study. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Fernández-González MÁ, Rivero D, García-Iriepa C, Sampedro D, Frutos LM. Mechanochemical Tuning of Pyrene Absorption Spectrum Using Force Probes. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:727-736. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Rivero
- Química
Física, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá
de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Iriepa
- Química
Física, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá
de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Madre de Dios, 53, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Diego Sampedro
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Madre de Dios, 53, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Frutos
- Química
Física, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá
de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Pyrene fluorophores bearing two carbonyl groups in 1,2- positions: Synthesis and photophysical properties of pyrene-1,2-dicarboximides and a pyrene-1,2-dicarboxamide. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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9
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Zouaoui-Rabah M, Sekkal-Rahal M, Djilani-Kobibi F, Elhorri AM, Springborg M. Performance of Hybrid DFT Compared to MP2 Methods in Calculating Nonlinear Optical Properties of Divinylpyrene Derivative Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:8843-8852. [PMID: 27749050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of divinyl-pyrene derivatives of the form D-vinyl-pyrene-vinyl-A, in which D corresponds to an electron donor group and A to an electron acceptor group, were studied in this work. The first purpose was to determine the optimal HF % exchange as incorporated in a range of hybrid functionals (M06HF, M062X, M06L, CAM-B3LYP, PBE0, BMK, and B3LYP) capable to produce, reliably and as close as possible to those obtained from MP2 calculations, NLO parameters and, in particular, first-order static hyperpolarizabilities. The CAM-B3LYP functional was revealed to be the most suitable one. The pair N(CH3)2/NO2 was then determined as the most efficient pair of groups in producing appreciable NLO responses. The effect of the substitution position on the pyrene moiety was also investigated, whereby aligning the two substituents involving the D and A groups in the direction of the dipole moment as in the (1,6 DVP) derivatives was shown to be most favorable for increasing the NLO parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zouaoui-Rabah
- Laboratoire de Microscopie, Microanalyse et Spectroscopie Moléculaire (L2MSM), Faculty of Sciences, Djillali Liabes University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes , 22000 Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Algeria
| | - M Sekkal-Rahal
- Laboratoire de Microscopie, Microanalyse et Spectroscopie Moléculaire (L2MSM), Faculty of Sciences, Djillali Liabes University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes , 22000 Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Algeria
| | - F Djilani-Kobibi
- Laboratoire de Microscopie, Microanalyse et Spectroscopie Moléculaire (L2MSM), Faculty of Sciences, Djillali Liabes University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes , 22000 Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Algeria
| | - A M Elhorri
- Laboratoire de Microscopie, Microanalyse et Spectroscopie Moléculaire (L2MSM), Faculty of Sciences, Djillali Liabes University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes , 22000 Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Algeria
| | - M Springborg
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Saarland , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Kathiravan A, Panneerselvam M, Sundaravel K, Pavithra N, Srinivasan V, Anandan S, Jaccob M. Unravelling the effect of anchoring groups on the ground and excited state properties of pyrene using computational and spectroscopic methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:13332-45. [PMID: 27121202 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00571c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anchoring groups play an important role in dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs). In order to acquire a suitable anchoring group for DSCs, a deeper understanding of the effect of anchoring groups on the ground and excited state properties of the dye is significant. In this context, various anchoring group connected pyrene derivatives are successfully synthesized and well characterized by using (1)H, (13)C-NMR, FT-IR and EI-MS spectrometry. The anchoring groups employed are carboxylic acid, malonic acid, acrylic acid, malononitrile, cyanoacrylic acid, rhodanine and rhodanine-3-acetic acid. The optimized geometries, HOMO-LUMO energy gap, light harvesting efficiency (LHE) and electronic absorption spectra of these dyes are studied by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results show that pyrene connected with anchoring groups with weak electron pulling strength (PC, PAC and PMC) has a larger HOMO-LUMO energy gap, whereas that connected with anchoring groups with strong electron pulling strength (PCC, PMN, PR and PRA) has a reduced HOMO-LUMO energy gap. These molecules with a reduced energy gap are primarily preferred for DSC applications. Moreover, P, PC, PAC and PMC molecules undergo π→π* transition, whereas PCC, PMN, PR and PRA molecules show significant charge transfer along with π→π* transition. UV-visible absorption spectral studies on these dyes reveal that connecting various anchoring groups with different electron pulling abilities enables the pyrene chromophore to absorb in the longer wavelength region. Notably, an efficient bathochromic shift is observed for PCC, PMN, PR and PRA molecules in both electronic absorption and fluorescence spectral measurements, which suggests that the excitation is delocalized throughout the entire π-system of the molecules. Both theoretical and spectral studies reveal that dyes with an ICT character (PCC, PMN, PR and PRA) are suitable for dye sensitized solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Kathiravan
- National Centre for Ultrafast Processes, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai - 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Vybornyi M, Bur-Cecilio Hechevarria Y, Glauser M, Rudnev AV, Häner R. Tubes or sheets: divergent aggregation pathways of an amphiphilic 2,7-substituted pyrene trimer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:16191-3. [PMID: 26391318 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05126f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of an amphiphilic 2,7-linked pyrene trimer in an aqueous environment into two morphologically related forms is described. Supramolecular polymerization leads to the simultaneous formation of nanosheets and nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhailo Vybornyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Marlene Glauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Alexander V Rudnev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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A DFT and TDDFT investigation of interactions between 1-hydroxypyrene and aromatic amino acids. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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