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Cha E, Ahn HJ, Kang W, Jung KI, Ohn SH, Bashir S, Yoo WK. Correlations between COMT polymorphism and brain structure and cognition in elderly subjects: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29214. [PMID: 35550471 PMCID: PMC9276462 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene has been noted to play an important role in individual variations in the aging process. We investigated whether COMT polymorphism could influence cognition related to white matter networks. More specifically, we examined whether methionine (Met) allele loading is associated with better individual cognitive performance. Thirty-four healthy elderly participants were recruited; each participant's COMT genotype was determined, and Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and a diffusion tensor image were obtained for all participants. The Met carrier group showed significantly lower mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity values for the right hippocampus, thalamus, uncinate fasciculus, and left caudate nucleus than the valine homozygote group. The Met carrier group also scored higher for executive function and attention on the Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Based on these results, we can assume that the COMT Met allele has a protective effect on cognitive decline contributing to individual differences in cognitive function in late life period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsil Cha
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Ahn
- Hallym Institute of Translational Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonil Kang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ik Jung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Hoon Ohn
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Woo-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
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Luo S, Zhu Y, Fan L, Gao D, Han S. Resting-state brain network properties mediate the association between the oxytocin receptor gene and interdependence. Soc Neurosci 2020; 15:296-310. [PMID: 31928145 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2020.1714718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
While an increasing number of behavioral findings have provided gene-culture coevolution accounts of human development, whether and how the brain mediates gene-culture associations remain unresolved. Based on the Culture-Behavior-Brain-Loop Model and the recent finding of associations between the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR, rs53576) and a cultural trait (i.e., interdependence) across populations, we tested the hypothesis that resting-state brain network properties mediate the relationship between OXTR rs53576 and interdependence. G and A allele carriers of OXTR rs53576 were scanned during a resting state using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and completed questionnaires to estimate their interdependence cultural values. We identified significant genotype effects on the local network metrics of the right hippocampus and its functional connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, basal ganglia and thalamus. The local network metrics of the right hippocampus and its functional connectivity with the basal ganglia and thalamus were correlated with interdependence. Moreover, both the degree of the right hippocampus and its functional connectivity with the basal ganglia and thalamus mediated the relationship between OXTR and interdependence. Our results provide brain imaging evidence for a key function of the brain in mediating the relationship between genes and culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Luo
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou China
| | - Yiyi Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou China.,School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Leyi Fan
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou China
| | - Dingguo Gao
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou China
| | - Shihui Han
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University , Beijing, China
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Sleurs C, Madoe A, Lagae L, Jacobs S, Deprez S, Lemiere J, Uyttebroeck A. Genetic Modulation of Neurocognitive Development in Cancer Patients throughout the Lifespan: a Systematic Review. Neuropsychol Rev 2019; 29:190-219. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-019-09399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bas-Hoogendam JM, van Steenbergen H, Tissier RLM, van der Wee NJA, Westenberg PM. Altered Neurobiological Processing of Unintentional Social Norm Violations: A Multiplex, Multigenerational Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study on Social Anxiety Endophenotypes. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 5:981-990. [PMID: 31031203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) fear negative evaluation in social situations. Specifically, previous work indicated that social anxiety is associated with increased medial prefrontal cortex activation in response to unintentional social norm (SN) transgressions, accompanied by increased embarrassment ratings for such SN violations. Here, we used data from the multiplex, multigenerational LFLSAD (Leiden Family Lab study on Social Anxiety Disorder), which involved two generations of families genetically enriched for SAD, and investigated whether these neurobiological and behavioral correlates of unintentional SN processing are SAD endophenotypes. Of four endophenotype criteria, we examined two: first, the cosegregation of these characteristics with social anxiety (SA) within families of SAD probands (criterion 4), and second, the heritability of the candidate endophenotypes (criterion 3). METHODS Participants (n = 110, age range 9.0-61.5 years, eight families) performed the revised Social Norm Processing Task; functional magnetic resonance imaging data and behavioral ratings related to this paradigm were used to examine whether brain activation in response to processing unintentional SN violations and ratings of embarrassment were associated with SA levels. Next, heritability of these measurements was estimated. RESULTS As expected, voxelwise functional magnetic resonance imaging analyses revealed positive associations between SA levels and brain activation in the medial prefrontal cortex and medial temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and superior temporal sulcus, and these brain activation levels displayed moderate to moderately high heritability. Furthermore, although SA levels correlated positively with behavioral ratings of embarrassment for SN transgressions, these behavioral characteristics were not heritable. CONCLUSIONS These results show, for the first time, that brain responses in the medial prefrontal cortex and medial temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and superior temporal sulcus, related to processing unintentional SN violations, provide a neurobiological candidate endophenotype of SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Marie Bas-Hoogendam
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Henk van Steenbergen
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Michiel Westenberg
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Effects of interleukin-1beta polymorphisms on brain function and behavior in healthy and psychiatric disease conditions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 37:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Degen C, Zschocke J, Toro P, Sattler C, Wahl HW, Schönknecht P, Schröder J. The COMTp.Val158Met Polymorphism and Cognitive Performance in Adult Development, Healthy Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2016; 41:27-34. [PMID: 26489081 DOI: 10.1159/000439585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of genetic polymorphisms on cognition is assumed to increase with age as losses of brain resources have to be compensated for. We investigate the relation of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)p.Val158Met polymorphism and cognitive capacity in the course of adult development, healthy aging and the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in two birth cohorts of subjects born between 1930 and 1932 or between 1950 and 1952. METHODS Thorough neuropsychological assessment was conducted in a total of 587 participants across three examination waves between 1993 and 2008. The COMT genotype was determined as a restriction fragment length polymorphism after PCR amplification and digestion with NlaIII. RESULTS Significant effects of the COMTp.Val158Met polymorphism were identified for attention and cognitive flexibility in the younger but not the older cohort. CONCLUSION These results confirm the importance of the COMTp.Val158Met genotype on tasks assessing attention and cognitive flexibility in midlife but not in healthy aging and the development of MCI. Our findings suggest that the influence of COMT changes as a function of age, decreasing from midlife to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Degen
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Riedl R, Mohr PNC, Kenning PH, Davis FD, Heekeren HR. Trusting Humans and Avatars: A Brain Imaging Study Based on Evolution Theory. J MANAGE INFORM SYST 2014. [DOI: 10.2753/mis0742-1222300404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Riedl
- a University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria
| | | | | | - Fred D. Davis
- d Information Systems at the Sam M. Walton College of Business, University of Arkansas
| | - Hauke R. Heekeren
- e Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion", Freie Universität Berlin
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Merriman JD, Von Ah D, Miaskowski C, Aouizerat BE. Proposed mechanisms for cancer- and treatment-related cognitive changes. Semin Oncol Nurs 2014; 29:260-9. [PMID: 24183157 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the proposed mechanisms of cognitive changes associated with non-central nervous system cancers and cancer treatment. DATA SOURCES Review and synthesis of databased publications and review articles. CONCLUSION Proposed mechanisms include cytokine upregulation, hormonal changes, neurotransmitter dysregulation, attentional fatigue, genetic predisposition, and comorbid symptoms. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Oncology nurses need to understand the multiple mechanisms that may contribute to the development of cancer- and treatment-related cognitive changes so that they can identify patients at high risk and help patients understand why these changes occur.
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Van Rheenen TE, Rossell SL. Genetic and neurocognitive foundations of emotion abnormalities in bipolar disorder. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2013; 18:168-207. [PMID: 23088582 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2012.690938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a serious mood disorder, the aetiology of which is still unclear. The disorder is characterised by extreme mood variability in which patients fluctuate between markedly euphoric, irritable, and elevated states to periods of severe depression. The current research literature shows that BD patients demonstrate compromised neurocognitive ability in addition to these mood symptoms. Viable candidate genes implicated in neurocognitive and socioemotional processes may explain the development of these core emotion abnormalities. Additionally, links between faulty neurocognition and impaired socioemotional ability complement genetic explanations of BD pathogenesis. This review examines associations between cognition indexing prefrontal neural regions and socioemotional impairments including emotion processing and regulation. A review of the effect of COMT and TPH2 on these functions is also explored. METHODS Major computer databases including PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and Medline were consulted in order to conduct a comprehensive review of the genetic and cognitive literature in BD. RESULTS This review determines that COMT and TPH2 genetic variants contribute susceptibility to abnormal prefrontal neurocognitive function which oversees the processing and regulation of emotion. This provides for greater understanding of some of the emotional and cognitive symptoms in BD. CONCLUSIONS Current findings in this direction show promise, although the literature is still in its infancy and further empirical research is required to investigate these links explicitly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University, and Cognitive Neuropsychology Laboratory, Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Center, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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Reuter-Lorenz PA, Cimprich B. Cognitive function and breast cancer: promise and potential insights from functional brain imaging. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 137:33-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wilcke A, Ligges C, Burkhardt J, Alexander M, Wolf C, Quente E, Ahnert P, Hoffmann P, Becker A, Müller-Myhsok B, Cichon S, Boltze J, Kirsten H. Imaging genetics of FOXP2 in dyslexia. Eur J Hum Genet 2011; 20:224-9. [PMID: 21897444 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslexia is a developmental disorder characterised by extensive difficulties in the acquisition of reading or spelling. Genetic influence is estimated at 50-70%. However, the link between genetic variants and phenotypic deficits is largely unknown. Our aim was to investigate a role of genetic variants of FOXP2, a prominent speech and language gene, in dyslexia using imaging genetics. This technique combines functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and genetics to investigate relevance of genetic variants on brain activation. To our knowledge, this represents the first usage of fMRI-based imaging genetics in dyslexia. In an initial case/control study (n = 245) for prioritisation of FOXP2 polymorphisms for later use in imaging genetics, nine SNPs were selected. A non-synonymously coding mutation involved in verbal dyspraxia was also investigated. SNP rs12533005 showed nominally significant association with dyslexia (genotype GG odds ratio recessive model = 2.1 (95% confidence interval 1.1-3.9), P = 0.016). A correlated SNP was associated with altered expression of FOXP2 in vivo in human hippocampal tissue. Therefore, influence of the rs12533005-G risk variant on brain activity was studied. fMRI revealed a significant main effect for the factor 'genetic risk' in a temporo-parietal area involved in phonological processing as well as a significant interaction effect between the factors 'disorder' and 'genetic risk' in activation of inferior frontal brain areas. Hence, our data may hint at a role of FOXP2 genetic variants in dyslexia-specific brain activation and demonstrate use of imaging genetics in dyslexia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Wilcke
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Zhang Z, Deng L, Bai F, Shi Y, Yu H, Yuan Y, Wang K, Jiang T, Jia J, Zhang Z. Alteration of resting brain function by genetic variation in angiotensin converting enzyme in amnestic-type mild cognitive impairment of Chinese Han. Behav Brain Res 2010; 208:619-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Haplotypes of catechol-O-methyltransferase modulate intelligence-related brain white matter integrity. Neuroimage 2010; 50:243-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Brehmer Y, Westerberg H, Bellander M, Fürth D, Karlsson S, Bäckman L. Working memory plasticity modulated by dopamine transporter genotype. Neurosci Lett 2009; 467:117-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rasch B, Spalek K, Buholzer S, Luechinger R, Boesiger P, Papassotiropoulos A, de Quervain DJF. A genetic variation of the noradrenergic system is related to differential amygdala activation during encoding of emotional memories. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:19191-6. [PMID: 19826083 PMCID: PMC2761241 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0907425106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotionally arousing events are typically well remembered, but there is a large interindividual variability for this phenomenon. We have recently shown that a functional deletion variant of ADRA2B, the gene encoding the alpha2b-adrenergic receptor, is related to enhanced emotional memory in healthy humans and enhanced traumatic memory in war victims. Here, we investigated the neural mechanisms of this effect in healthy participants by using fMRI. Carriers of the ADRA2B deletion variant exhibited increased activation of the amygdala during encoding of photographs with negative emotional valence compared with noncarriers of the deletion. Additionally, functional connectivity between amygdala and insula was significantly stronger in deletion carriers. The present findings indicate that the ADRA2B deletion variant is related to increased responsivity and connectivity of brain regions implicated in emotional memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Rasch
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Molecular Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 60/62, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinic, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; and
| | - K. Spalek
- Division of Molecular Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 60/62, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - S. Buholzer
- Division of Molecular Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 60/62, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - R. Luechinger
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zürich and ETH Institute, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P. Boesiger
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zürich and ETH Institute, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. Papassotiropoulos
- Division of Molecular Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 60/62, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D. J.-F. de Quervain
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinic, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; and
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Tairyan K, Illes J. Imaging genetics and the power of combined technologies: a perspective from neuroethics. Neuroscience 2009; 164:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Reinvang I, Winjevoll IL, Rootwelt H, Espeseth T. Working memory deficits in healthy APOE epsilon 4 carriers. Neuropsychologia 2009; 48:566-73. [PMID: 19879282 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the cognitive effects of APOE allele variation in healthy persons have mainly focused on episodic memory performance as most sensitive to genetic effects. The present study focuses on working memory performance, measured both in an experimental paradigm, the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT), and in neuropsychological test paradigms of span capacity and interference control. In a highly functioning healthy group (N=186) of mean age 64.5 years we found evidence of reduced working memory performance in APOE epsilon4 carriers, with sex and epsilon4 dose as modifying variables. Several aspects of capacity and control in working memory were affected, while genetic effects were not present for measures of episodic memory. The pattern of results suggests that response inhibition is sensitive to genetic effects. In healthy individuals the broad range of neurobiological mechanisms associated with APOE is consistent with effects on non-memory cognitive subsystems, and gender effects may be modulated by interaction of APOE with myelination, androgen mechanisms, or broad patterns of age-related changes in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Reinvang
- Center for Study of Human Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Cerasa A, Gioia MC, Tarantino P, Labate A, Arabia G, Annesi G, Lanza P, Di Palma G, Blasi V, Quattrone A. The DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism associated with changed midbrain volumes in healthy individuals. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2009; 8:459-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2009.00492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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van der Vegt JPM, van Nuenen BFL, Bloem BR, Klein C, Siebner HR. Imaging the impact of genes on Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2009; 164:191-204. [PMID: 19409223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 01/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although Parkinson's disease (PD) has traditionally been considered to be a non-genetic disorder, recent progress in the neurogenetics of PD provided converging evidence that genetic factors play a relevant role in the etiology of PD. The strongest case for a genetic contribution to PD was made by the discovery of mutations in single genes that can cause autosomal dominant (alpha-synuclein (SNCA)) and leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene) or recessive (Parkin, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), DJ-1, and ATP13A2 gene) forms of PD. Here, we review how structural and functional neuroimaging of individuals carrying a mutation in one of the PD genes has offered a unique avenue of research into the pathogenesis of PD. In symptomatic mutation carriers (i.e. those with overt disease), brain mapping can help to link the molecular pathogenesis of PD more directly with functional and structural changes in the intact human brain. In addition, neuroimaging of presymptomatic (i.e. non-manifesting) mutation carriers has emerged as a valuable tool to identify mechanisms of adaptive motor reorganization at the preclinical stage that may prevent or delay clinical manifestation. In addition to mutations causing monogenic forms of PD, common polymorphisms in genes that influence mono-aminergic signaling or synaptic plasticity may have modifying effects on distinct aspects of PD. We also discuss how functional and structural neuroimaging can be used to better characterize these genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P M van der Vegt
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Mattay VS, Goldberg TE, Sambataro F, Weinberger DR. Neurobiology of cognitive aging: insights from imaging genetics. Biol Psychol 2008; 79:9-22. [PMID: 18511173 PMCID: PMC3127547 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the last several years, neuroscientists have been increasingly using neuroimaging techniques to unravel the neurobiology underlying cognitive aging, and in more recent years to explore the role of genes on the variability of the aging process. One of the primary goals of this research is to identify proteins involved in cognitive aging with the hope that this would facilitate the development of novel treatments to combat cognitive impairment. Further, it is likely with early identification of susceptible individuals, early intervention through life-style changes and other methods could increase an individual's resilience to the effects of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata S Mattay
- Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Impact of catechol-O-methyltransferase Val(108/158) Met genotype on hippocampal and prefrontal gray matter volume. Neuroreport 2008; 19:405-8. [PMID: 18287936 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e3282f5f784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A variation in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene (Val(108/158)Met) affects the physiological response of hippocampal-prefrontal circuits, predicts variation in human memory and is associated with increased risk for psychiatric disorders. Using optimized voxel-based morphometry we studied the effect of this functional polymorphism on the anatomy of the hippocampus, and the prefrontal cortex. Fifty-seven healthy participants were investigated (nine had Met/Met, 30 Val/Met, and 14 Val/Val). Voxel-based morphometry showed that individuals who are homozygous for the Val-COMT allele had greater gray matter volume of the prefrontal cortex bilaterally, whereas Met-COMT carriers were associated with increased tissue volume of the hippocampus bilaterally. This study provides evidence that the Val(108/158)Met polymorphism of the COMT gene might be responsible for individual variation in the human brain morphology.
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Differential effects of COMT on gait and executive control in aging. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 31:523-31. [PMID: 18547681 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Walking speed is associated with attention and executive control processes subserved by the prefrontal cortex. Because polymorphisms in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) influence these cognitive processes we hypothesized that the same polymorphisms may influence gait velocity. We examined the associations between the Val(158)Met polymorphism in COMT and gait velocity as well as attention and executive function. Participants were 278 non-demented older adults. The results revealed that methionine (Met)/valine (Val) was associated with faster gait velocity. This association can be explained by the putative role of the Val allele in regulating tonic dopamine release in the striatum. In contrast, Met/Met was associated with better attention and executive function. Stratification by gender revealed that the association between COMT genotype and gait was significant only in men. Conversely, the association between COMT genotype and attention and executive function was significant only in women. These findings suggest a differential effect in relating the Val(158)Met polymorphism to gait and to cognitive function while supporting the previously described sexual dimorphism in the phenotypic expressions of COMT.
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25
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Genetic evidence that Darwin was right about criminality: nature, not nurture. Med Hypotheses 2008; 70:1092-102. [PMID: 18434037 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Revised: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Darwin maintained that man's behaviours, just as the ones of the lower animals, are not cultural products of learning, but constitute evolutionarily selected innate traits that can be transmitted through biological inheritance. Coherently, Darwin wrote that "some elimination of the worst dispositions is always in progress... Malefactors are executed...so that they cannot freely transmit their bad qualities". Darwin's evolutionary deterministic views about the innateness of human behaviours and the heritability of criminal tendencies proved genially farsighted. Indeed, the scientific evidence that they are genetically determined became indisputable just in this century, about 120 years after Darwin's death. This article, besides discussing human genetic variation and the genetic basis of pro-social traits, focuses on the recent and mounting evidence that points to genes for antisocial behaviours, genes for criminality, and genes for violence. All of them contribute to discredit further the scientifically untenable cultural dogma claiming that human behaviours reflect nurture, represented by social environments, not nature, in the form of biological factors. Genes for criminality and violence also concur to demolish the ideological dogma espoused by those who assert that criminality is a result of poverty and unemployment. The falsity of that politically biased dogma, as argued in this article, is also demonstrated by the fact that Brazil, despite significant reductions of poverty, socioeconomic disparities, and unemployment during the last five years, is facing a spiralling increase in criminal misdeeds, including homicides, which have reached an alarming rate that is nearly fivefold higher than the already worrying one of the USA.
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Petrella JR, Mattay VS, Doraiswamy PM. Imaging genetics of brain longevity and mental wellness: the next frontier? Radiology 2008; 246:20-32. [PMID: 18096526 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2461061994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of new "omics" technologies (genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) has ushered in a new era of biomedical discovery that is already affecting every field of medicine. With the rapid growth of the older population worldwide, there is great interest in applying these technologies not only to diagnose and prevent disease, but also to enhance brain longevity and mental wellness. Nearly two-thirds of the approximately 30,000 genes in the human genome are related to brain function, and up to half of the variance in age-related changes in cognition, brain volume, and neuronal function appears to be genetically determined. Selected examples will be used to illustrate how neuroimaging is being employed to study the effects of genes and how neurogenetics may affect future radiology research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Petrella
- Alzheimer Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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27
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Hariri AR, Drabant EM, Weinberger DR. Imaging genetics: perspectives from studies of genetically driven variation in serotonin function and corticolimbic affective processing. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 59:888-97. [PMID: 16442081 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Revised: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology and neuroimaging have provided a unique opportunity to explore the relationships between genes, brain, and behavior. In this review, we will briefly outline the rationale for studying genetic effects on brain function with neuroimaging. We will then use studies of genetically driven variation in serotonin transporter function on corticolimbic structure and function to highlight the effectiveness of this strategy to delineate biological pathways and mechanisms by which individual differences in brain function emerge and potentially bias behavior and risk for psychiatric illness. In a series of studies, a relatively frequent regulatory variant of the human serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) has been demonstrated to bias the reactivity of the amygdala to salient environmental cues. Moreover, the 5-HTTLPR affects the development of a broader corticolimbic circuit and alters the functional integration of emotional information between the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. In turn, corticolimbic circuit function predicts individual differences in an experimental index of temperamental anxiety and, thus, might reflect a predictive biological marker of increased risk for mood disorders associated with the 5-HTTLPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Hariri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2593, USA
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Cropley VL, Fujita M, Innis RB, Nathan PJ. Molecular imaging of the dopaminergic system and its association with human cognitive function. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 59:898-907. [PMID: 16682268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2005] [Revised: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has recently been used to examine dopamine (DA) function and its relationship with cognition in human subjects. This article will review PET and SPECT studies that have explored the relationship between cognitive processes and components of the DA system (pre-, intra-, and postsynaptic) in healthy and patient populations such as Parkinson's disease (PD), schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, and aging. It is demonstrated that DA activity modulates a range of frontal executive-type cognitive processes such as working memory, attentional functioning, and sequential organization, and alterations of DA within the fronto-striato-thalamic circuits might contribute to the cognitive impairments observed in PD, schizophrenia, and normal aging. Although associations between DA and cognitive measures need to be considered within the context of fronto-striato-thalamic circuitry, it is suggested that striatal (especially caudate) DA activity, particularly via D2 receptors, might be important for response inhibition, temporal organization of material, and motor performance, whereas cortical DA transmission via D1 receptors might be important for maintaining and representing on-going behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Cropley
- Department of Physiology, Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Monash Centre for Brain and Behaviour, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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Millan MJ. Multi-target strategies for the improved treatment of depressive states: Conceptual foundations and neuronal substrates, drug discovery and therapeutic application. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 110:135-370. [PMID: 16522330 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is a debilitating and recurrent disorder with a substantial lifetime risk and a high social cost. Depressed patients generally display co-morbid symptoms, and depression frequently accompanies other serious disorders. Currently available drugs display limited efficacy and a pronounced delay to onset of action, and all provoke distressing side effects. Cloning of the human genome has fuelled expectations that symptomatic treatment may soon become more rapid and effective, and that depressive states may ultimately be "prevented" or "cured". In pursuing these objectives, in particular for genome-derived, non-monoaminergic targets, "specificity" of drug actions is often emphasized. That is, priority is afforded to agents that interact exclusively with a single site hypothesized as critically involved in the pathogenesis and/or control of depression. Certain highly selective drugs may prove effective, and they remain indispensable in the experimental (and clinical) evaluation of the significance of novel mechanisms. However, by analogy to other multifactorial disorders, "multi-target" agents may be better adapted to the improved treatment of depressive states. Support for this contention is garnered from a broad palette of observations, ranging from mechanisms of action of adjunctive drug combinations and electroconvulsive therapy to "network theory" analysis of the etiology and management of depressive states. The review also outlines opportunities to be exploited, and challenges to be addressed, in the discovery and characterization of drugs recognizing multiple targets. Finally, a diversity of multi-target strategies is proposed for the more efficacious and rapid control of core and co-morbid symptoms of depression, together with improved tolerance relative to currently available agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Centre de Recherches de Croissy, Psychopharmacology Department, 125, Chemin de Ronde, 78290-Croissy/Seine, France.
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Roffman JL, Weiss AP, Goff DC, Rauch SL, Weinberger DR. Neuroimaging-genetic paradigms: a new approach to investigate the pathophysiology and treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2006; 14:78-91. [PMID: 16603474 DOI: 10.1080/10673220600642945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a prominent and debilitating feature of schizophrenia. Genetic predisposition likely accounts for a large proportion of these cognitive deficits. Direct associations between candidate genes and cognitive dysfunction have been difficult to establish, however, largely due to the subtle effects of these genes on observable behavior. Neuroimaging techniques can provide a sensitive means to bridge the neurobiology of genes and behavior. Here we illustrate the use of neuroimaging-genetics paradigms to elaborate the relationship between genes and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. After reviewing principles important for the selection of genes, neuroimaging techniques, and subjects, we describe how imaging-genetics investigations have helped clarify the contribution of five candidate genes (COMT, GRM3, G72, DISC1, and BDNF) to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The potential of this approach for improving patient care will depend on its ability to predict outcomes with greater accuracy and sensitivity than current clinical measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Roffman
- Harvard Medical School and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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31
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Koshibu K, Ahrens ET, Levitt P. Postpubertal sex differentiation of forebrain structures and functions depend on transforming growth factor-alpha. J Neurosci 2006; 25:3870-80. [PMID: 15829639 PMCID: PMC6724926 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0175-05.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex- and age-associated deficits in brain structure and behavior are reported in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Although genetic and environmental factors are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis, there are only few examples in clinical or experimental systems that have identified specific causes. Here, we report that transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) may regulate sex- and age-dependent development of forebrain structures and associated neural functions after puberty. Waved-1 (Wa-1) mice inherit an autosomal recessive, spontaneous mutation that results in a postnatal reduction in TGFalpha gene expression. The assessment of forebrain structures using a three-dimensional magnetic resonance microscopy indicated ventricular enlargement and striatal reduction in both male and female Wa-1 adult mice, with Wa-1 males exhibiting a more severe phenotype. In contrast, the hippocampal volume was reduced only in adult Wa-1 males. Similarly, behavioral analyses showed impaired auditory and contextual fear learning in adult Wa-1 males only, whereas abnormal stress response was expressed by both male and female adult Wa-1 mice. Interestingly, all behavioral deficits were absent before full sexual maturation, despite some slight forebrain structural abnormalities. These results suggest that TGFalpha may regulate postpubertal, sex differentiation in ventricular and periventricular anatomy and associated behavior, affecting predominantly males. In particular, the adult male-specific reduction in hippocampal volume may reflect an age- and sex-specific regulation of stress homeostasis and fear learning. Furthermore, a lack of a behavioral phenotype, despite anatomical alterations in peripubertal Wa-1 mice, suggests that analysis of certain neuroanatomical features at puberty may predict neurobehavioral deficits in adulthood.
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MESH Headings
- Acoustic Stimulation/adverse effects
- Age Factors
- Aging/physiology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Behavior, Animal
- Brain/anatomy & histology
- Brain/metabolism
- Catecholamines/blood
- Choice Behavior/physiology
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
- Conditioning, Psychological/physiology
- Corticosterone/blood
- Exploratory Behavior/physiology
- Fear
- Female
- Fever/etiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Neurologic Mutants
- Prosencephalon/anatomy & histology
- Prosencephalon/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Radioimmunoassay/methods
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Sex Differentiation/physiology
- Stress, Physiological/complications
- Stress, Physiological/physiopathology
- Transforming Growth Factor alpha/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Koshibu
- Department of Neurobiology and Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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Sun X, Zhang X, Chen X, Zhang P, Bao M, Zhang D, Chen J, He S, Hu X. Age-dependent brain activation during forward and backward digit recall revealed by fMRI. Neuroimage 2005; 26:36-47. [PMID: 15862203 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2004] [Revised: 01/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, brain activation associated with forward and backward digit recall was examined in healthy old and young adults using functional MRI. A number of areas were activated during the recall. In young adults, greater activation was found in the left prefrontal cortex (BA9) and the left occipital visual cortex during backward digit recall than forward digit recall. In contrast, the activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44/45) was more extensive in forward digit recall than in backward digit recall. In older adults, backward recall generated stronger activation than forward recall in most areas, including the frontal, the parietal, the occipital, and the temporal cortices. In the backward recall condition, the right inferior frontal gyrus (BA44/45) showed more activation in the old group than in the young group. These results suggest that different neural mechanisms may be involved in forward and backward digit recall and brain functions associated with these two types of recall are differentially affected by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Sun
- Hefei Natinal Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui
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Reinvang I, Espeseth T, Gjerstad L. Cognitive ERPs are related to ApoE allelic variation in mildly cognitively impaired patients. Neurosci Lett 2005; 382:346-51. [PMID: 15925117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Identification of biological or cognitive changes in brain function, associated with allelic variation in Apolipoprotein E, is important for unravelling the mechanism behind the increased risk for Alzheimer's disease associated with the varepsilon4 allele. Cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) show high degrees of heritability and are sensitive to subtle cognitive deficits. They may, therefore, be good candidates for assessing allelic effects. Non-demented patients age 50-76 undergoing investigation for memory problems performed ERP paradigms for testing automatic (MMN) and cognitive (N1, N2, P3) attention functions. The results indicated attenuation in the amplitude of the N1 and N2 ERP components depending on the dose of the varepsilon4 allele. Findings are consistent with studies showing reduced fronto-temporal metabolic activity in ApoE4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3, Box 1094, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
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Winterer G, Hariri AR, Goldman D, Weinberger DR. Neuroimaging and Human Genetics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2005; 67:325-83. [PMID: 16291027 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(05)67010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Winterer
- Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Holtmann M, Poustka F, Schmidt MH. Biologische Korrelate der Resilienz im Kindes- und Jugendalter. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2004. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403.13.4.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Biologischen Korrelaten der Resilienz wurde erst in den vergangenen Jahren vermehrt Beachtung geschenkt. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über den gegenwärtigen Forschungsstand. Angeführt werden Befunde zu geschlechtsspezifischen Aspekten von Resilienz, sowie Ergebnisse psycho- und neurophysiologischer, bildgebender und molekulargenetischer Studien, die den Nutzen der Berücksichtigung biologischer Korrelate der Resilienz für die Entwicklungspsychopathologie belegen. Zukünftig erlaubt die Modifikation biologischer Resilienz-Merkmale möglicherweise die Entwicklung präventiver Interventionen, um die Chance für eine gelungene Entwicklung trotz aversiver Erlebnisse zu erhöhen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Holtmann
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
| | - Fritz Poustka
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
| | - Martin H. Schmidt
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit Mannheim
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