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Markmann M, Lenz M, Höffken O, Steponavičiūtė A, Brüne M, Tegenthoff M, Dinse HR, Newen A. Hypnotic suggestions cognitively penetrate tactile perception through top-down modulation of semantic contents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6578. [PMID: 37085590 PMCID: PMC10121590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Perception is subject to ongoing alterations by learning and top-down influences. Although abundant studies have shown modulation of perception by attention, motivation, content and context, there is an unresolved controversy whether these examples provide true evidence that perception is penetrable by cognition. Here we show that tactile perception assessed as spatial discrimination can be instantaneously and systematically altered merely by the semantic content during hypnotic suggestions. To study neurophysiological correlates, we recorded EEG and SEPs. We found that the suggestion "your index finger becomes bigger" led to improved tactile discrimination, while the suggestion "your index finger becomes smaller" led to impaired discrimination. A hypnosis without semantic suggestions had no effect but caused a reduction of phase-locking synchronization of the beta frequency band between medial frontal cortex and the finger representation in somatosensory cortex. Late SEP components (P80-N140 complex) implicated in attentional processes were altered by the semantic contents, but processing of afferent inputs in SI remained unaltered. These data provide evidence that the psychophysically observed modifiability of tactile perception by semantic contents is not simply due to altered perception-based judgments, but instead is a consequence of modified perceptual processes which change the perceptual experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Markmann
- Department of Neurology, BG-Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melanie Lenz
- Department of Neurology, BG-Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver Höffken
- Department of Neurology, BG-Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Agnė Steponavičiūtė
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Klaipėda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Martin Brüne
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL Universitätsklinikum Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Tegenthoff
- Department of Neurology, BG-Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hubert R Dinse
- Department of Neurology, BG-Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Albert Newen
- Institute of Philosophy II, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Alterations of social attention in mental disorders: Phenomenology, scope, and future directions for research. Conscious Cogn 2020; 79:102884. [PMID: 32032824 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders often involve changes in the way subjects attend to other people. However, the nature of these modifications and how they unfold in different pathologies are not sufficiently clear. This article addresses these issues from the perspective of phenomenological psychopathology. The primary goal of the article is to suggest a new way of assessing and distinguishing the alterations of social attention in subjects with mental disorders. The first part of the article characterizes the essential properties of a capacity for social attention based on multidisciplinary evidence. This model is then used to examine anomalies in social attention in autism, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, and social anxiety disorder. The analysis of alterations in the way subjects with different types of pathologies attend to and with others is followed by a threefold typology, which clarifies the phenomenal nature of impairments of social attention in mental disorders.
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Cebolla AM, Cheron G. Understanding Neural Oscillations in the Human Brain: From Movement to Consciousness and Vice Versa. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1930. [PMID: 31507490 PMCID: PMC6718699 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Cebolla
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Mons, Belgium
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Li X, Chen L, Ma R, Wang H, Wan L, Wang Y, Bu J, Hong W, Lv W, Vollstädt-Klein S, Yang Y, Zhang X. The top-down regulation from the prefrontal cortex to insula via hypnotic aversion suggestions reduces smoking craving. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1718-1728. [PMID: 30467911 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypnosis has been shown to have treatment effects on nicotine addiction. However, the neural basis of these effects is poorly understood. This preliminary study investigated the neural mechanisms of hypnosis-based treatment on cigarette smoking, specifically, whether the hypnosis involves a top-down or bottom-up mechanism. Two groups of 45 smokers underwent a smoking aversion suggestion and viewed smoking-related pictures and neutral pictures. One group underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning twice (control and hypnotic states), whereas the other group underwent two electroencephalograph sessions. Our study found that self-reported smoking craving decreased in both groups following hypnosis. Smoking cue-elicited activations in the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) and left insula (lI) and the functional connectivity between the rDLPFC and lI were increased in the hypnotic state compared with the control state. The delta band source waveforms indicated the activation from 390 to 862 ms at the rDLPFC and from 490 to 900 ms at the lI was significantly different between the smoking and neutral conditions in the hypnotic state, suggesting the activation in the rDLPFC preceded that in the lI. These results suggest that the decreased smoking craving via hypnotic aversion suggestions may arise from the top-down regulation of the rDLPFC to the lI. Our findings provide novel neurobiological evidence for understanding the therapeutic effects of hypnosis on nicotine addiction, and the prefrontal-insula circuit may serve as an imaging biomarker to monitor the treatment efficacy noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chaohu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haibao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li Wan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Junjie Bu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wanwan Lv
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Research Center on Alcohol Addiction, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
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Montemayor C, Haladjian HH. Perception and Cognition Are Largely Independent, but Still Affect Each Other in Systematic Ways: Arguments from Evolution and the Consciousness-Attention Dissociation. Front Psychol 2017; 8:40. [PMID: 28174551 PMCID: PMC5258763 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main thesis of this paper is that two prevailing theories about cognitive penetration are too extreme, namely, the view that cognitive penetration is pervasive and the view that there is a sharp and fundamental distinction between cognition and perception, which precludes any type of cognitive penetration. These opposite views have clear merits and empirical support. To eliminate this puzzling situation, we present an alternative theoretical approach that incorporates the merits of these views into a broader and more nuanced explanatory framework. A key argument we present in favor of this framework concerns the evolution of intentionality and perceptual capacities. An implication of this argument is that cases of cognitive penetration must have evolved more recently and that this is compatible with the cognitive impenetrability of early perceptual stages of processing information. A theoretical approach that explains why this should be the case is the consciousness and attention dissociation framework. The paper discusses why concepts, particularly issues concerning concept acquisition, play an important role in the interaction between perception and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Montemayor
- Department of Philosophy, San Francisco State University San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Harry H Haladjian
- Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes Paris, France
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Smortchkova J. Encapsulated social perception of emotional expressions. Conscious Cogn 2016; 47:38-47. [PMID: 27633525 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper I argue that the detection of emotional expressions is, in its early stages, informationally encapsulated. I clarify and defend such a view via the appeal to data from social perception on the visual processing of faces, bodies, facial and bodily expressions. Encapsulated social perception might exist alongside processes that are cognitively penetrated, and that have to do with recognition and categorization, and play a central evolutionary function in preparing early and rapid responses to the emotional stimuli.
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