1
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Shahi A, Kidane D. Starving cancer cells to enhances DNA damage and immunotherapy response. Oncotarget 2024; 15:392-399. [PMID: 38900609 PMCID: PMC11197973 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) poses significant challenges in treatment, particularly when it progresses to a metastatic, castrate-resistant state. Conventional therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal treatments, often fail due to toxicities, off-target effects, and acquired resistance. This research perspective defines an alternative therapeutic strategy focusing on the metabolic vulnerabilities of PCa cells, specifically their reliance on non-essential amino acids such as cysteine. Using an engineered enzyme cyst(e)inase to deplete the cysteine/cystine can induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in cancer cells. This depletion elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, disrupts glutathione synthesis, and enhances DNA damage, leading to cancer cell death. The combinatorial use of cyst(e)inase with agents targeting antioxidant defenses, such as thioredoxins, further amplifies ROS accumulation and cytotoxicity in PCa cells. Overall, in this perspective provides a compressive overview of the previous work on manipulating amino acid metabolism and redox balance modulate the efficacy of DNA repair-targeted and immune checkpoint blockade therapies in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashirwad Shahi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Dawit Kidane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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2
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Chen J, Ma B, Yang Y, Wang B, Hao J, Zhou X. Disulfidptosis decoded: a journey through cell death mysteries, regulatory networks, disease paradigms and future directions. Biomark Res 2024; 12:45. [PMID: 38685115 PMCID: PMC11059647 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell death is an important part of the life cycle, serving as a foundation for both the orderly development and the maintenance of physiological equilibrium within organisms. This process is fundamental, as it eliminates senescent, impaired, or aberrant cells while also promoting tissue regeneration and immunological responses. A novel paradigm of programmed cell death, known as disulfidptosis, has recently emerged in the scientific circle. Disulfidptosis is defined as the accumulation of cystine by cancer cells with high expression of the solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) during glucose starvation. This accumulation causes extensive disulfide linkages between F-actins, resulting in their contraction and subsequent detachment from the cellular membrane, triggering cellular death. The RAC1-WRC axis is involved in this phenomenon. Disulfidptosis sparked growing interest due to its potential applications in a variety of pathologies, particularly oncology, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic anomalies. Nonetheless, the complexities of its regulatory pathways remain elusive, and its precise molecular targets have yet to be definitively identified. This manuscript aims to meticulously dissect the historical evolution, molecular underpinnings, regulatory frameworks, and potential implications of disulfidptosis in various disease contexts, illuminating its promise as a groundbreaking therapeutic pathway and target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Boyuan Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yubiao Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Bitao Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jian Hao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Xianhu Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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3
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Song Z, Fan C, Zhao J, Wang L, Duan D, Shen T, Li X. Fluorescent Probes for Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductase: Mechanistic Analysis, Construction Strategies, and Future Perspectives. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:811. [PMID: 37622897 PMCID: PMC10452626 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of numerous signaling pathways is orchestrated by redox regulation of cellular environments. Maintaining dynamic redox homeostasis is of utmost importance for human health, given the common occurrence of altered redox status in various pathological conditions. The cardinal component of the thioredoxin system, mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) plays a vital role in supporting various physiological functions; however, its malfunction, disrupting redox balance, is intimately associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. Accordingly, the dynamic monitoring of TrxR of live organisms represents a powerful direction to facilitate the comprehensive understanding and exploration of the profound significance of redox biology in cellular processes. A number of classic assays have been developed for the determination of TrxR activity in biological samples, yet their application is constrained when exploring the real-time dynamics of TrxR activity in live organisms. Fluorescent probes offer several advantages for in situ imaging and the quantification of biological targets, such as non-destructiveness, real-time analysis, and high spatiotemporal resolution. These benefits facilitate the transition from a poise to a flux understanding of cellular targets, further advancing scientific studies in related fields. This review aims to introduce the progress in the development and application of TrxR fluorescent probes in the past years, and it mainly focuses on analyzing their reaction mechanisms, construction strategies, and potential drawbacks. Finally, this study discusses the critical challenges and issues encountered during the development of selective TrxR probes and proposes future directions for their advancement. We anticipate the comprehensive analysis of the present TrxR probes will offer some glitters of enlightenment, and we also expect that this review may shed light on the design and development of novel TrxR probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Song
- Natural Medicine Research & Development Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Chengwu Fan
- Natural Medicine Research & Development Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Jintao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Natural Medicine Research & Development Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, China;
| | - Tong Shen
- Natural Medicine Research & Development Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Xinming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.)
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4
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Felber JG, Kitowski A, Zeisel L, Maier MS, Heise C, Thorn-Seshold J, Thorn-Seshold O. Cyclic Dichalcogenides Extend the Reach of Bioreductive Prodrugs to Harness Thiol/Disulfide Oxidoreductases: Applications to seco-Duocarmycins Targeting the Thioredoxin System. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:763-776. [PMID: 37122469 PMCID: PMC10141580 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule prodrug approaches that can activate cancer therapeutics selectively in tumors are urgently needed. Here, we developed the first antitumor prodrugs designed for activation by thiol-manifold oxidoreductases, targeting the thioredoxin (Trx) system. The Trx system is a critical cellular redox axis that is tightly linked to dysregulated redox/metabolic states in cancer, yet it cannot be addressed by current bioreductive prodrugs, which mainly cluster around oxidized nitrogen species. We instead harnessed Trx/TrxR-specific artificial dichalcogenides to gate the bioactivity of 10 "off-to-on" reduction-activated duocarmycin prodrugs. The prodrugs were tested for cell-free and cellular reductase-dependent activity in 177 cell lines, establishing broad trends for redox-based cellular bioactivity of the dichalcogenides. They were well tolerated in vivo in mice, indicating low systemic release of their duocarmycin cargo, and in vivo anti-tumor efficacy trials in mouse models of breast and pancreatic cancer gave promising indications of effective tumoral drug release, presumably by in situ bioreductive activation. This work therefore presents a chemically novel class of bioreductive prodrugs against a previously unaddressed reductase chemotype, validates its ability to access in vivo-compatible small-molecule prodrugs even of potently cumulative toxins, and so introduces carefully tuned dichalcogenides as a platform strategy for specific bioreduction-based release.
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5
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Liu Z. Antioxidant activity of the thioredoxin system. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2023; 9:26-32. [PMID: 37426202 PMCID: PMC10323771 DOI: 10.52601/bpr.2023.230002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The thioredoxin system is composed of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TR) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Trx is an important antioxidant molecule that can resist cell death caused by various stresses and plays a prominent role in redox reactions. TR is a protein that contains selenium (selenocysteine), in three main forms, namely, TR1, TR2 and TR3. TR1, TR2 and TR3 are mainly distributed in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and testes, respectively. TR can regulate cell growth and apoptosis. After a cell becomes cancerous, the expression of TR is increased to promote cell growth and metastasis. The Trx system is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases, parasitic infections, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, myocarditis, and so on. In addition, the Trx system can remove the reactive oxygen species in the body and keep the inside and outside of the cell in a balanced state. In summary, the Trx system is an important target for the drug treatment of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Liu
- Department of blood transfusion school of second hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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6
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Muri J, Kopf M. The thioredoxin system: Balancing redox responses in immune cells and tumors. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249948. [PMID: 36285367 PMCID: PMC10100330 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The thioredoxin (TRX) system is an important contributor to cellular redox balance and regulates cell growth, apoptosis, gene expression, and antioxidant defense in nearly all living cells. Oxidative stress, the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, can lead to cell death and tissue damage, thereby contributing to aging and to the development of several diseases, including cardiovascular and allergic diseases, diabetes, and neurological disorders. Targeting its activity is also considered as a promising strategy in the treatment of cancer. Over the past years, immunologists have established an essential function of TRX for activation, proliferation, and responses in T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Upon activation, immune cells rearrange their redox system and activate the TRX pathway to promote proliferation through sustainment of nucleotide biosynthesis, and to support inflammatory responses in myeloid cells by allowing NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome responses. Consequently, targeting the TRX system may therapeutically be exploited to inhibit immune responses in inflammatory conditions. In this review, we summarize recent insights revealing key roles of the TRX pathway in immune cells in health and disease, and lessons learnt for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Muri
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Xinastle-Castillo LO, Landa A. Physiological and modulatory role of thioredoxins in the cellular function. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:2021-2035. [PMID: 36568514 PMCID: PMC9746700 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) are a class of ubiquitous and multifunctional protein. Mammal cells present three isoforms: a cytosolic and extracellular called thioredoxin 1 (TRX1), a mitochondrial (TRX2), and one specific in spermatozoids (TRX3). Besides, a truncated form called TRX80 exists, which results from the post-translational cleavage performed on TRX1. TRXs' main function is to maintain the reduction-oxidation homeostasis of the cell, reducing the proteins through a thiol-disulfide exchange that depends on two cysteines located in the active site of the protein (Cys32-X-X-Cys35 in humans). In addition, TRX1 performs S-nitrosylation, a post-translational modification of proteins that depends on cysteines of its C-terminal region (Cys62, Cys69, and Cys73 in human TRX1). These modifications allow the TRXs to modulate the protein function and participate in regulating diverse cellular processes, such as oxidative stress, transcription, signaling cascades, apoptosis, inflammation, and immunologic response. This points out the crucial relevance of TRXs for cell function, signaling it as a strategic target for the treatment of many diseases and its possible use as a therapeutic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Omar Xinastle-Castillo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio A, 2o Piso. Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Abraham Landa
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio A, 2o Piso. Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
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8
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Slezak AJ, Mansurov A, Raczy MM, Chang K, Alpar AT, Lauterbach AL, Wallace RP, Weathered RK, Medellin JE, Battistella C, Gray LT, Marchell TM, Gomes S, Swartz MA, Hubbell JA. Tumor Cell-Surface Binding of Immune Stimulating Polymeric Glyco-Adjuvant via Cysteine-Reactive Pyridyl Disulfide Promotes Antitumor Immunity. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1435-1446. [PMID: 36313164 PMCID: PMC9615125 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Immune stimulating agents like Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists induce potent antitumor immunity but are limited in their therapeutic window due to off-target immune activation. Here, we developed a polymeric delivery platform that binds excess unpaired cysteines on tumor cell surfaces and debris to adjuvant tumor neoantigens as an in situ vaccine. The metabolic and enzymatic dysregulation in the tumor microenvironment produces these exofacial free thiols, which can undergo efficient disulfide exchange with thiol-reactive pyridyl disulfide moieties upon intratumoral injection. These functional monomers are incorporated into a copolymer with pendant mannose groups and TLR7 agonists to target both antigen and adjuvant to antigen presenting cells. When tethered in the tumor, the polymeric glyco-adjuvant induces a robust antitumor response and prolongs survival of tumor-bearing mice, including in checkpoint-resistant B16F10 melanoma. The construct additionally reduces systemic toxicity associated with clinically relevant small molecule TLR7 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J. Slezak
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aslan Mansurov
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michal M. Raczy
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kevin Chang
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aaron T. Alpar
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Abigail L. Lauterbach
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Rachel P. Wallace
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Rachel K. Weathered
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jorge E.G. Medellin
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Claudia Battistella
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Laura T. Gray
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Tiffany M. Marchell
- Committee
on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Suzana Gomes
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Melody A. Swartz
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Committee
on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Ben
May Department for Cancer Research, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United
States
- Committee
on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Committee
on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Committee
on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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9
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Dorot S, Tankel J, Doviner V, Shmeeda H, Amitay Y, Ohana P, Dagan A, Ben-Haim M, Reissman P, Gabizon A. Ex-vivo activation of a liposomal prodrug of mitomycin C by human tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 90:109-114. [PMID: 35802145 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the ex- vivo ability of explanted human tumors and normal tissue to activate liposomal mitomycin C lipidic prodrug (MLP) by releasing the active free drug form, mitomycin C (MMC). METHODS We tested conversion of MLP to MMC in an ex vivo assay using explanted tissues obtained during routine surgery to remove primary tumors or metastases. Tumor and adjacent normal tissue were obtained from freshly explanted tumors and were immediately deep frozen at - 70 °C. On test day, the fragments were thawed, homogenized and incubated in the presence of a fixed amount of liposomal MLP at 37 °C for 1 h. We measured MLP and its rate of conversion to MMC by HPLC. Controls included plasma, malignant effusions, red blood cells, tumor cell lines, mouse liver, and buffer with dithiothreitol, a potent reducing agent. RESULTS Most patients tested (16/20) were diagnosed with colo-rectal carcinoma. The average fraction of MLP cleaved per 100-mg tumor tissue (21.1%, SEM = 1.8) was greater than per 100-mg normal tissue (16.6%, SEM = 1.3). When the tumor and normal tissue samples were paired by patient, the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.022, paired t test). Biological fluids did not activate liposomal MLP, while normal liver tissue strongly does. Interestingly, the omental fatty tissue also greatly activated MLP. CONCLUSIONS Tumor tissue homogenates activate MLP with greater efficiency than the surrounding normal tissues, but far less than liver and adipose tissue. These observations demonstrate the bioavailability of liposomal MLP in human tumors, and its pharmacologic potential in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Dorot
- Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - James Tankel
- Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Victoria Doviner
- Department of Pathology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hilary Shmeeda
- Oncology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Amir Dagan
- Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Menachem Ben-Haim
- Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Petachia Reissman
- Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alberto Gabizon
- Oncology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Shaare Zedek Nano-oncology Research Center, POB 3235, 12 Shmuel Bayit St., 91031, Jerusalem, Israel.
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10
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Weidle UH, Sela T, Brinkmann U, Niewoehner J. Circular RNAs With Efficacy in Preclinical In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:283-298. [PMID: 35430563 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is associated with a dismal prognosis. The armamentarium of approved drugs is focused on chemotherapy with modest therapeutic benefit. Recently, checkpoint inhibitory monoclonal antibody Pembrolizumab was approved. In order to identify new targets and modalities for the treatment of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) we searched the literature for circRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of ESCC. We identified two down-regulated and 17 up-regulated circRNAs as well as a synthetic circRNA with efficacy in preclinical in vivo systems. Down-regulated circRNAs sponge microRNAs directed against tumor suppressor genes. Up-regulated circRNAs sponge microRNAs directed against mRNAs, which encode proteins with pro-tumoral functions. We discuss issues such as reconstitution of down-regulated circRNAs and inhibition of up-regulated circRNAs with short interfering RNA (siRNA)- related entities. Also, we address druggability issues of the identified targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Sela
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jens Niewoehner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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11
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Challenges and opportunities in the development of metal-based anticancer theranostic agents. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231168. [PMID: 35420649 PMCID: PMC9109461 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Around 10 million fatalities were recorded worldwide in 2020 due to cancer and statistical projections estimate the number to increase by 60% in 2040. With such a substantial rise in the global cancer burden, the disease will continue to impose a huge socio-economic burden on society. Currently, the most widely used clinical treatment modality is cytotoxic chemotherapy using platinum drugs which is used to treat variety of cancers. Despite its clinical success, critical challenges like resistance, off-target side effects and cancer variability often reduce its overall therapeutic efficiency. These challenges require faster diagnosis, simultaneous therapy and a more personalized approach toward cancer management. To this end, small-molecule ‘theranostic’ agents have presented a viable solution combining diagnosis and therapy into a single platform. In this review, we present a summary of recent efforts in the design and optimization of metal-based small-molecule ‘theranostic’ anticancer agents. Importantly, we highlight the advantages of a theranostic candidate over the purely therapeutic or diagnostic agent in terms of evaluation of its biological properties.
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12
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Fahham N, Zandi F, Ghahremani MH, Ostad SN, Vaziri B, Shahraeini SS, Sardari S. Unraveling Potential Candidate Targets Associated with Expression of
p16INK4a or p16 Truncated Fragment by Comparative Proteomics Analysis. CURR PROTEOMICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164618666210728121529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
p16 is a tumor suppressor protein that is significantly involved in cycle
regulation through the reduction of cell progression from the G1 phase to the S phase via CDK-cyclin
D/p16INK4a/pRb/E2F cascade. The minimum functional domain of p16 has been uncovered that
may function comparable to wild type p16.
Objective:
To expand the knowledge on molecules and mechanisms by which p16 or p1666-156 fragment
suppresses human fibrosarcoma cell line growth, differential proteome profiles of fibrosarcoma
cells following p16 full length or the functional domain overexpression, were analyzed.
Methods:
Following transfecting HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells with p16 full length, p1666-156 truncated
form, and pcDNA3.1 empty vector, protein extract of each sample was harvested and clarified
by centrifugation, and then the protein content was determined via Bradford assay. All protein extract
of each sample was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Immunoblot analysis
was performed as further validation of the expression status of identified proteins.
Results:
Expression of p16 or p1666-156 fragment could induce mostly the common alterations (up/-
down-regulation) of proteome profile of HT-1080 cells. Mass spectrometry identification of the differentially
expressed protein spots revealed several proteins that were grouped in functional clusters,
including cell cycle regulation and proliferation, cell migration and structure, oxidative stress,
protein metabolism, epigenetic regulation, and signal transduction.
Conclusion:
The minimum functional domain of p16 could act in the same way as p16 full length.
Also, these new findings can significantly enrich the understanding of p16 growth-suppressive
function at the molecular level by the introduction of potential candidate targets for new treatment
strategies. Furthermore, the present study provides strong evidence on the functional efficacy of
the identified fragment of p16 for further attempts toward peptidomimetic drug design or gene
transfer to block cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Fahham
- Protein Chemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zandi
- Protein Chemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Vaziri
- Protein Chemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Seyed Sadegh Shahraeini
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research
Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Sardari
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research
Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Kesebir AÖ, Güller P, Kalın R, Özdemir H, Küfrevioğlu Öİ. Methyl benzoate derivatives as inhibitors of pentose phosphate pathway, which promotes cancer progression and drug resistance: An In Silico study supported By In Vitro results. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:1275-1283. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Öztürk Kesebir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Atatürk University Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Pınar Güller
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Atatürk University Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Ramazan Kalın
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Science Erzurum Technical University Erzurum 25700 Turkey
| | - Hasan Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Atatürk University Erzurum 25240 Turkey
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14
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Gold(I) Complexes with P-Donor Ligands and Their Biological Evaluation. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold(I) complexes with phosphine ligands—[Au(TrippyPhos)Cl] (1) (TrippyPhos = 1-[2-[bis(tert-butyl)phosphino]phenyl]-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole), [Au(BippyPhos)Cl]0.5CH2Cl2 (2) (BippyPhos = 5-(di-tert-butylphosphino)-1′, 3′, 5′-triphenyl-1′H-[1,4′]bipyrazole), and [Au(meCgPPh)Cl] (3) (meCgPPh = 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-6-phenyl-2,4,8-trioxa-6-phosphaadamantane—were investigated as types of bioactive gold metallodrugs. Complexes (1)–(3) were characterized using IR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry (FAB-MS). Complexes of (1) and (2) exhibited substantial in vitro cytotoxicity (IC50 = 0.5–7.0 μM) against both the cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant variants of the A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cell line, as well as against the A549 human lung carcinoma, K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia, and HeLa (human cervix carcinoma) cells. However, among the compounds studied, complex (2) showed the most promising biological properties: the highest stability in biologically relevant media, selectivity towards cancer cells over the non-cancer cells (HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells), and the highest inhibitory effect on cytosolic NADPH-dependent reductases in A2780 and A2780cis cells among the gold complexes under analysis.
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15
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de Assis ALEM, Archanjo AB, Maranhão RC, Mendes SO, de Souza RP, de Cicco R, de Oliveira MM, Borçoi AR, de L Maia L, Nunes FD, Dos Santos M, Trivilin LO, Pinheiro CJG, Álvares-da-Silva AM, Nogueira BV. Chlorine, chromium, proteins of oxidative stress and DNA repair pathways are related to prognosis in oral cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22314. [PMID: 34785721 PMCID: PMC8595368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The comparison of chemical and histopathological data obtained from the analysis of excised tumor fragments oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with the demographic and clinical evolution data is an effective strategy scarcely explored in OSCC studies. The aim was to analyze OSCC tissues for protein expression of enzymes related to oxidative stress and DNA repair and trace elements as candidates as markers of tumor aggressiveness and prognosis. Tumor fragments from 78 OSCC patients that had undergone ablative surgery were qualitatively analyzed by synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence for trace elements. Protein expression of SOD-1, Trx, Ref-1 and OGG1/2 was performed by immunohistochemistry. Sociodemographic, clinical, and histopathological data were obtained from 4-year follow-up records. Disease relapse was highest in patients with the presence of chlorine and chromium and lowest in those with tumors with high OGG1/2 expression. High expression of SOD-1, Trx, and Ref-1 was determinant of the larger tumor. Presence of trace elements can be markers of disease prognosis. High expression of enzymes related to oxidative stress or to DNA repair can be either harmful by stimulating tumor growth or beneficial by diminishing relapse rates. Interference on these players may bring novel strategies for the therapeutic management of OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anderson Barros Archanjo
- Biotechnology Graduate Program/RENORBIO, Federal Univerty of Espírito Santo, Vitória, 29040090, Brazil
| | - Raul C Maranhão
- Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403900, Brazil
| | - Suzanny O Mendes
- Biotechnology Graduate Program/RENORBIO, Federal Univerty of Espírito Santo, Vitória, 29040090, Brazil
| | - Rafael P de Souza
- Cancer Institute Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, São Paulo, 01219010, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Cicco
- Cancer Institute Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, São Paulo, 01219010, Brazil
| | - Mayara M de Oliveira
- Biotechnology Graduate Program/RENORBIO, Federal Univerty of Espírito Santo, Vitória, 29040090, Brazil
| | - Aline R Borçoi
- Biotechnology Graduate Program/RENORBIO, Federal Univerty of Espírito Santo, Vitória, 29040090, Brazil
| | - Lucas de L Maia
- Biotechnology Graduate Program/RENORBIO, Federal Univerty of Espírito Santo, Vitória, 29040090, Brazil
| | - Fabio D Nunes
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dos Santos
- Multicampi School of Medical Sciences of Rio Grando Do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Caicó, 59300000, Brazil
| | - Leonardo O Trivilin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, 29500000, Brazil
| | - Christiano J G Pinheiro
- Department of Rural Engineering, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, 29500000, Brazil
| | - Adriana M Álvares-da-Silva
- Biotechnology Graduate Program/RENORBIO, Federal Univerty of Espírito Santo, Vitória, 29040090, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, 29047105, Brazil
| | - Breno Valentim Nogueira
- Biotechnology Graduate Program/RENORBIO, Federal Univerty of Espírito Santo, Vitória, 29040090, Brazil. .,Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, 29047105, Brazil.
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16
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Andreadou I, Efentakis P, Frenis K, Daiber A, Schulz R. Thiol-based redox-active proteins as cardioprotective therapeutic agents in cardiovascular diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:44. [PMID: 34275052 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-based redox compounds, namely thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs) and peroxiredoxins (Prxs), stand as a pivotal group of proteins involved in antioxidant processes and redox signaling. Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are considered as one of the major families of proteins involved in redox regulation by removal of S-glutathionylation and thereby reactivation of other enzymes with thiol-dependent activity. Grxs are also coupled to Trxs and Prxs recycling and thereby indirectly contribute to reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a ubiquitous family of peroxidases, which play an essential role in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, aliphatic and aromatic hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite. The Trxs, Grxs and Prxs systems, which reversibly induce thiol modifications, regulate redox signaling involved in various biological events in the cardiovascular system. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the role of Trxs, Grxs and Prxs on cardiovascular pathologies and especially in cardiac hypertrophy, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and heart failure as well as in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome. Further studies on the roles of thiol-dependent redox systems in the cardiovascular system will support the development of novel protective and therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katie Frenis
- Department of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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17
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Zhang J, Duan D, Osama A, Fang J. Natural Molecules Targeting Thioredoxin System and Their Therapeutic Potential. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1083-1107. [PMID: 33115246 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase are two core members of the Trx system. The system bridges the gap between the universal reducing equivalent NADPH and various biological molecules and plays an essential role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and regulating multiple cellular redox signaling pathways. Recent Advance: In recent years, the Trx system has been well documented as an important regulator of many diseases, especially tumorigenesis. Thus, the development of potential therapeutic molecules targeting the system is of great significance for disease treatment. Critical Issues: We herein first discuss the physiological functions of the Trx system and the role that the Trx system plays in various diseases. Then, we focus on the introduction of natural small molecules with potential therapeutic applications, especially the anticancer activity, and review their mechanisms of pharmacological actions via interfering with the Trx system. Finally, we further discuss several natural molecules that harbor therapeutic potential and have entered different clinical trials. Future Directions: Further studies on the functions of the Trx system in multiple diseases will not only improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of many human disorders but also help develop novel therapeutic strategies against these diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1083-1107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Alsiddig Osama
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
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18
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Oxidative Stress in Cancer Cell Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050642. [PMID: 33922139 PMCID: PMC8143540 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in regulating normal cellular processes whereas deregulated ROS leads to the development of a diseased state in humans including cancers. Several studies have been found to be marked with increased ROS production which activates pro-tumorigenic signaling, enhances cell survival and proliferation and drives DNA damage and genetic instability. However, higher ROS levels have been found to promote anti-tumorigenic signaling by initiating oxidative stress-induced tumor cell death. Tumor cells develop a mechanism where they adjust to the high ROS by expressing elevated levels of antioxidant proteins to detoxify them while maintaining pro-tumorigenic signaling and resistance to apoptosis. Therefore, ROS manipulation can be a potential target for cancer therapies as cancer cells present an altered redox balance in comparison to their normal counterparts. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the generation and sources of ROS within tumor cells, ROS-associated signaling pathways, their regulation by antioxidant defense systems, as well as the effect of elevated ROS production in tumor progression. It will provide an insight into how pro- and anti-tumorigenic ROS signaling pathways could be manipulated during the treatment of cancer.
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19
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Mirzaei S, Hushmandi K, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Torabi SMR, Ranjbar A, SeyedSaleh S, Sharifzadeh SO, Khan H, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Ahn KS. Elucidating Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Cisplatin Chemotherapy: A Focus on Molecular Pathways and Possible Therapeutic Strategies. Molecules 2021; 26:2382. [PMID: 33921908 PMCID: PMC8073650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of chemotherapy is a major challenge nowadays, and in order to ensure effective treatment of cancer patients, it is of great importance to reveal the molecular pathways and mechanisms involved in chemoresistance. Cisplatin (CP) is a platinum-containing drug with anti-tumor activity against different cancers in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, drug resistance has restricted its potential in the treatment of cancer patients. CP can promote levels of free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce cell death. Due to the double-edged sword role of ROS in cancer as a pro-survival or pro-death mechanism, ROS can result in CP resistance. In the present review, association of ROS with CP sensitivity/resistance is discussed, and in particular, how molecular pathways, both upstream and downstream targets, can affect the response of cancer cells to CP chemotherapy. Furthermore, anti-tumor compounds, such as curcumin, emodin, chloroquine that regulate ROS and related molecular pathways in increasing CP sensitivity are described. Nanoparticles can provide co-delivery of CP with anti-tumor agents and by mediating photodynamic therapy, and induce ROS overgeneration to trigger CP sensitivity. Genetic tools, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) can down-regulate molecular pathways such as HIF-1α and Nrf2 to promote ROS levels, leading to CP sensitivity. Considering the relationship between ROS and CP chemotherapy, and translating these findings to clinic can pave the way for effective treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Reza Torabi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Adnan Ranjbar
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - SeyedHesam SeyedSaleh
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Seyed Omid Sharifzadeh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Kwang-Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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20
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21
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Chupakhin E, Krasavin M. Thioredoxin reductase inhibitors: updated patent review (2017-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:745-758. [PMID: 33666133 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1899160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme which is responsible - as a part of the thioredoxin system - for maintaining redox homeostasis in cells. It is upregulated in cancerous state as a defense against oxidative stress. TrxR has been mostly considered an anticancer drug target although it has applications in other therapeutic areas such as neurodegeneration, inflammation, microbial infections, and neonatal hyperoxic lung injury.Areas covered: The present review covers the patent literature that appeared in the period 2017-2020, i.e. since the publication of the previous expert opinion patent review on TrxR inhibitors. The recent additions to the following traditional classes of inhibitors are discussed: metal complexes, Michael acceptors as well as arsenic and selenium compounds. At the same time, a novel group of nitro (hetero)aromatic compounds have emerged which likely acts via covalent inhibition mechanism. Several miscellaneous chemotypes are grouped under Miscellaneous subsection.Expert opinion: While specificity over glutathione reductase is achieved easily, TrxR is still moving toward the later stages of development at a very slow rate. Michael acceptors, particularly based on TRXR substrate-mimicking scaffolds, are gaining impetus and so are dual and hybrid compounds. The development prospects of the emerging nitro (hetero)aromatic chemotypes remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Chupakhin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg Russian Federation.,Institute for Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg Russian Federation.,Institute for Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad Russian Federation
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22
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Wei X, Zhong M, Wang S, Li L, Song ZL, Zhang J, Xu J, Fang J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of disulfides as anticancer agents with thioredoxin inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104814. [PMID: 33756234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Altered redox homeostasis as a hallmark of cancer cells is exploited by cancer cells for growth and survival. The thioredoxin (Trx), an important regulator in maintaining the intracellular redox homeostasis, is cumulatively recognized as a promising target for the development of anticancer drugs. Herein, we synthesized 72 disulfides and evaluated theirinhibition for Trx and antitumor activity. First, we established an efficient and fast method to screen Trx inhibitors by using the probe NBL-SS that was developed by our group to detect Trx function in living cells. After an initial screening of the Trx inhibitory activity of these compounds, 8 compounds showed significant inhibition activity against Trx. We then evaluated the cytotoxicity of these 8 disulfides, compounds 68 and 69 displayed high cytotoxicity to HeLa cells, but less sensitive to normal cell lines. Next, we performed kinetic studies of both two disulfides, 68 had faster inhibition of Trx than 69. Further studies revealed that 68 led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and eventually induced apoptosis of Hela cells via inhibiting Trx. The establishment of a method for screening Trx inhibitors and the discovery of 68 with remarkable Trx inhibition provide support for the development of anticancer candidates with Trx inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Miao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lexun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zi-Long Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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23
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Zhou R, Xiang C, Cao G, Xu H, Zhang Y, Yang H, Zhang J. Berberine accelerated wound healing by restoring TrxR1/JNK in diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:613-627. [PMID: 33491733 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The high disability, mortality and morbidity of diabetic ulcers make it urgent to explore effective strategies for diabetic wound repair. TrxR1 plays a vital role in regulating redox homeostasis in various pathologies. In the present study, the effect of berberine (BBR) on diabetic wounds was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and a high glucose (HG)-induced cell model, and the mechanism of BBR on TrxR1 was elucidated. BBR treatment remarkably accelerated wound healing and enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and significantly inhibited HG-induced HaCaT cell damage. Further analysis indicated that BBR activated TrxR1, suppressed its downstream JNK signaling, thereby inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis, promoted cell proliferation, down-regulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 (MMP9) and up-regulated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and tissue inhibitors of MMP 1 (TIMP1), resulting in accelerated wound healing. Importantly, the enhancement of BBR on wound repair was further abolished by TrxR1 inhibitor. Moreover, in diabetic wounds induced by a combination of STZ injection and high-fat diet, BBR significantly increased wound closure rate and TrxR1 expression, and this was reversed by TrxR1 inhibitor. These data indicated that topical BBR treatment accelerated diabetic wound healing by activating TrxR1. Targeting TrxR1 may be a novel, effective strategy for restoring redox homeostasis and promoting diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Changpei Xiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guangzhao Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - He Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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24
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Liu Y, Yu Y, Zhao Q, Tang C, Zhang H, Qin Y, Feng X, Zhang J. Fluorescent probes based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions for reactive sulfur and selenium species: Recent progress, applications, and design strategies. Coord Chem Rev 2021; 427:213601. [PMID: 33024340 PMCID: PMC7529596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS) and reactive selenium species (RSeS) are important substances for the maintenance of physiological balance. Imbalance of RSS and RSeS is closely related to a series of human diseases, so it is considered to be an important biomarker in early diagnosis, treatment, and stage monitoring. Fast and accurate quantitative analysis of different RSS and RSeS in complex biological systems may promote the development of personalized diagnosis and treatment in the future. One way to explore the physiological function of various types of RSS and RSeS in vivo is to detect them at the molecular level, and one of the most effective methods for this is to use fluorescent probes. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions are commonly exploited as a detection mechanism for RSS and RSeS in fluorescent probes. In this review, we cover recent progress in fluorescent probes for RSS and RSeS based on SNAr reactions, and discuss their response mechanisms, properties, and applications. Benzenesulfonate, phenyl-O ether, phenyl-S ether, phenyl-Se ether, 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD), benzoate, and selenium-nitrogen bonds are all good detection groups. Moreover, based on an integration of different reports, we propose the design and synthesis of RSS- and RSeS-selective probes based on SNAr reactions, current challenges, and future research directions, considering the selection of active sites, the effect of substituents on the benzene ring, and the introduction of other functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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25
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Huang M, Myers CR, Wang Y, You M. Mitochondria as a Novel Target for Cancer Chemoprevention: Emergence of Mitochondrial-targeting Agents. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 14:285-306. [PMID: 33303695 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention is the most effective approach to control cancer in the population. Despite significant progress, chemoprevention has not been widely adopted because agents that are safe tend to be less effective and those that are highly effective tend to be toxic. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel and effective chemopreventive agents, such as mitochondria-targeted agents, that can prevent cancer and prolong survival. Mitochondria, the central site for cellular energy production, have important functions in cell survival and death. Several studies have revealed a significant role for mitochondrial metabolism in promoting cancer development and progression, making mitochondria a promising new target for cancer prevention. Conjugating delocalized lipophilic cations, such as triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP+), to compounds of interest is an effective approach for mitochondrial targeting. The hyperpolarized tumor cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane potential allow for selective accumulation of TPP+ conjugates in tumor cell mitochondria versus those in normal cells. This could enhance direct killing of precancerous, dysplastic, and tumor cells while minimizing potential toxicities to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mofei Huang
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Charles R Myers
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yian Wang
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ming You
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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26
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Li X, Song L, Wang B, Tao C, Shi L, Xu M. Circ0120816 acts as an oncogene of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting miR-1305 and releasing TXNRD1. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:526. [PMID: 33292234 PMCID: PMC7597039 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been discovered to participate in the carcinogenesis of multiple cancers. However, the role of circRNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression is yet to be properly understood. This research aimed to investigate and understand the mechanism used by circRNAs to regulate ESCC progression. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was first performed to screen dysregulated circRNAs and differentially expressed genes in ESCC. The ESCC tissue samples and adjacent normal tissue samples utilized in this study were obtained from 36 ESCC patients. All the samples were subjected to qRT-PCR analysis to identify the expression of TXNRD1, circRNAs, and miR-1305. Luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay and RNA pull-down assay were later conducted to verify the existing relationship among circ0120816, miR-1305 and TXNRD1. CCK-8, BrdU, cell adhesion, cell cycle, western blot and caspase 3 activity assays were also employed to evaluate the regulation of these three biological molecules in ESCC carcinogenesis. To evaluate the effect of circ0120816 on ESCC tumor growth and metastasis, the xenograft mice model was constructed. RESULTS Experimental investigations revealed that circ0120816 was the highest upregulated circRNA in ESCC tissues and that this non-coding RNA acted as a miR-1305 sponge in enhancing cell viability, cell proliferation, and cell adhesion as well as repressing cell apoptosis in ESCC cell lines. Moreover, miR-1305 was observed to exert a tumor-suppressive effect in ESCC cells by directly targeting and repressing TXNRD1. It was also noticed that TXNRD1 could regulate cyclin, cell adhesion molecule, and apoptosis-related proteins. Furthermore, silencing circ0120816 was found to repress ESCC tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This research confirmed that circ0120816 played an active role in promoting ESCC development by targeting miR-1305 and upregulating oncogene TXNRD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.753 Jinghan Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Laichun Song
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.753 Jinghan Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.753 Jinghan Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Tao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.753 Jinghan Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.753 Jinghan Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.753 Jinghan Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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27
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Ghareeb H, Metanis N. The Thioredoxin System: A Promising Target for Cancer Drug Development. Chemistry 2020; 26:10175-10184. [PMID: 32097513 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The thioredoxin system is highly conserved system found in all living cells and comprises NADPH, thioredoxin, and thioredoxin reductase. This system plays a critical role in preserving a reduced intracellular environment, and its involvement in regulating a wide range of cellular functions makes it especially vital to cellular homeostasis. Its critical role is not limited to healthy cells, it is also involved in cancer development, and is overexpressed in many cancers. This makes the thioredoxin system a promising target for cancer drug development. As such, over the last decade, many inhibitors have been developed that target the thioredoxin system, most of which are small molecules targeting the thioredoxin reductase C-terminal redox center. A few inhibitors of thioredoxin have also been developed. We believe that more efforts should be invested in developing protein/peptide-based inhibitors against both thioredoxin reductase and/or thioredoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Ghareeb
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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28
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Rodríguez-Hernández MA, de la Cruz-Ojeda P, López-Grueso MJ, Navarro-Villarán E, Requejo-Aguilar R, Castejón-Vega B, Negrete M, Gallego P, Vega-Ochoa Á, Victor VM, Cordero MD, Del Campo JA, Bárcena JA, Padilla CA, Muntané J. Integrated molecular signaling involving mitochondrial dysfunction and alteration of cell metabolism induced by tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101510. [PMID: 32593127 PMCID: PMC7322178 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have unlimited replicative potential, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals, evasion of apoptosis, cellular stress, and sustained angiogenesis, invasiveness and metastatic potential. Cancer cells adequately adapt cell metabolism and integrate several intracellular and redox signaling to promote cell survival in an inflammatory and hypoxic microenvironment in order to maintain/expand tumor phenotype. The administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) constitutes the recommended therapeutic strategy in different malignancies at advanced stages. There are important interrelationships between cell stress, redox status, mitochondrial function, metabolism and cellular signaling pathways leading to cell survival/death. The induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest widely related to the antitumoral properties of TKIs result from tightly controlled events involving different cellular compartments and signaling pathways. The aim of the present review is to update the most relevant studies dealing with the impact of TKI treatment on cell function. The induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Ca2+ disturbances, leading to alteration of mitochondrial function, redox status and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways that involve cell metabolism reprogramming in cancer cells will be covered. Emphasis will be given to studies that identify key components of the integrated molecular pattern including receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) downstream signaling, cell death and mitochondria-related events that appear to be involved in the resistance of cancer cells to TKI treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Rodríguez-Hernández
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - P de la Cruz-Ojeda
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Mª José López-Grueso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro-Villarán
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Requejo-Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Beatriz Castejón-Vega
- Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - María Negrete
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Paloma Gallego
- Unit for the Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases, Hospital University "Nuestra Señora de Valme", Sevilla, Spain
| | - Álvaro Vega-Ochoa
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital University "Doctor Peset", Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mario D Cordero
- Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Armilla, Spain
| | - José A Del Campo
- Unit for the Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases, Hospital University "Nuestra Señora de Valme", Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Antonio Bárcena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - C Alicia Padilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain; Department of General Surgery, Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
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29
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Redox regulation of tumor suppressor PTEN in cell signaling. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101553. [PMID: 32413744 PMCID: PMC7226887 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homologs deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a potent tumor suppressor and often dysregulated in cancers. Cellular PTEN activity is restrained by the oxidation of active-site cysteine by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recovery of its enzymatic activity predominantly depends on the availability of cellular thioredoxin (Trx) and peroxiredoxins (Prx), both are important players in cell signaling. Trx and Prx undergo redox-dependent conformational changes through the oxidation of cysteine residues at their active sites. Their dynamics are essential for protein functionality and regulation. In this review, we summarized the recent advances regarding the redox regulation of PTEN, with a specific focus on our current state-of-the-art understanding of the redox regulation of PTEN. We also proposed a tight association of the redox regulation of PTEN with Trx dimerization and Prx hyperoxidation, providing guidance for the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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30
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Pharmacokinetics of mitomycin-c lipidic prodrug entrapped in liposomes and clinical correlations in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1411-1420. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00897-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Leonardi A, Evke S, Lee M, Melendez JA, Begley TJ. Epitranscriptomic systems regulate the translation of reactive oxygen species detoxifying and disease linked selenoproteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:573-593. [PMID: 31476365 PMCID: PMC7650020 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we highlight the role of epitranscriptomic systems in post-transcriptional regulation, with a specific focus on RNA modifying writers required for the incorporation of the 21st amino acid selenocysteine during translation, and the pathologies linked to epitranscriptomic and selenoprotein defects. Epitranscriptomic marks in the form of enzyme-catalyzed modifications to RNA have been shown to be important signals regulating translation, with defects linked to altered development, intellectual impairment, and cancer. Modifications to rRNA, mRNA and tRNA can affect their structure and function, while the levels of these dynamic tRNA-specific epitranscriptomic marks are stress-regulated to control translation. The tRNA for selenocysteine contains five distinct epitranscriptomic marks and the ALKBH8 writer for the wobble uridine (U) has been shown to be vital for the translation of the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and thioredoxin reductase (TRXR) family of selenoproteins. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxifying selenocysteine containing proteins are a prime examples of how specialized translation can be regulated by specific tRNA modifications working in conjunction with distinct codon usage patterns, RNA binding proteins and specific 3' untranslated region (UTR) signals. We highlight the important role of selenoproteins in detoxifying ROS and provide details on how epitranscriptomic marks and selenoproteins can play key roles in and maintaining mitochondrial function and preventing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leonardi
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Sara Evke
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - May Lee
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - J Andres Melendez
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas J Begley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA; RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
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32
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Kong F, Li Y, Yang C, Li X, Wu J, Liu X, Gao X, Xu K, Tang B. A fluorescent probe for simultaneously sensing NTR and hNQO1 and distinguishing cancer cells. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6822-6827. [PMID: 31608921 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01581g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Identifying cancer at the cellular level during an early stage offers the hope of greatly improved outcomes for cancer patients. As potential cancer biomarkers, nitroreductase (NTR) and human quinine oxidoreductase 1 (hNQO1) are overexpressed in many type of cancer cells. Simultaneous detection of these two biomarkers would benefit diagnostic precision in related cancers without yielding false positive results. Herein, based on a dye generated in situ strategy, a dual-enzyme-responsive probe, CNN, was rationally designed and synthesized by installing p-nitrobenzene and trimethyl-locked quinone propionic acid groups, which are specific for NTR and hNQO1, respectively, into a single fluorophore. This probe is only activated in the presence of both NTR and hNQO1 and produces a large fluorescence response, enabling the detection of both endogenous NTR and hNQO1 activity in living cells. The imaging results indicate that the CNN probe differentiates cancer cells (HeLa, MDA-MB-231 and HepG2 cells) from normal liver HL-7702 cells owing to the existence of relatively high endogenous levels of both biomarkers in these cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanpeng Kong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Junlin Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaonan Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Kehua Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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33
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Mohammadi F, Soltani A, Ghahremanloo A, Javid H, Hashemy SI. The thioredoxin system and cancer therapy: a review. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:925-935. [PMID: 31367788 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH are key members of the Trx system that is involved in redox regulation and antioxidant defense. In recent years, several researchers have provided information about the roles of the Trx system in cancer development and progression. These reports indicated that many tumor cells express high levels of Trx and TrxR, which can be responsible for drug resistance in tumorigenesis. Inhibition of the Trx system may thus contribute to cancer therapy and improving chemotherapeutic agents. There are now a number of effective natural and synthetic inhibitors with chemotherapy applications possessing antitumor activity ranging from oxidative stress induction to apoptosis. In this article, we first described the features and functions of the Trx system and then reviewed briefly its correlations with cancer. Finally, we summarized the present knowledge about the Trx/TrxR inhibitors as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Soltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ghahremanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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34
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Li J, Zuo X, Cheng P, Ren X, Sun S, Xu J, Holmgren A, Lu J. The production of reactive oxygen species enhanced with the reduction of menadione by active thioredoxin reductase. Metallomics 2019; 11:1490-1497. [PMID: 31359011 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00133f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1) is an important selenoprotein that participates in the reduction of thioredoxin and many other redox-related substrates. The enhancement of ROS production to cause cancer cell death is an effective anticancer strategy. Herein, we found that menadione substantially increased ROS generation via interaction with TXNRD1. To elucidate the mechanism behind this, various TXNRD1 mutant proteins were used to investigate the relationship between ROS production and the reaction between enzymes and menadione. A mutation at the C-terminal active site -GCUG of TXNRD1 to -GSSG or -GC, or the N-terminal active site C59S, C64S, or the deletion of the C-terminal 16 amino acid residues caused the loss of TXNRD1 activity needed for the reduction of menadione and therefore resulted in the loss of the ROS production ability of menadione. In contrast, the mutation of -GCUG to -GCCG resulted in an increase in the TXNRD1 activity towards the reduction of menadione, thus leading to an increase in ROS production. The co-treatment of the TXNRD1 inhibitor aurothioglucose and menadione could significantly alleviate the efficiency of ROS generation in vitro and increase the viability of A549 cells. Moreover, menadione could be reduced by the glutathione system and caused ROS production with less efficiency. These results demonstrate that TXNRD1 can serve as an effective source to generate ROS, which may provide a novel anticancer method based on the use of menadione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xin Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ping Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Ren
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shibo Sun
- School of Life Science and Medicine & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life Science and Medicine & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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35
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Reddy KM, Mugesh G. Modelling the Inhibition of Selenoproteins by Small Molecules Using Cysteine and Selenocysteine Derivatives. Chemistry 2019; 25:8875-8883. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishorkumar M. Reddy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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36
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Kshattry S, Saha A, Gries P, Tiziani S, Stone E, Georgiou G, DiGiovanni J. Enzyme-mediated depletion of l-cyst(e)ine synergizes with thioredoxin reductase inhibition for suppression of pancreatic tumor growth. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:16. [PMID: 31231686 PMCID: PMC6546752 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-019-0088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Perturbing redox homeostasis potentially constitutes a selective cancer-killing strategy. An engineered human enzyme, cyst(e)inase that degrades extracellular cysteine (l-Cys) and cystine (CSSC) leading to depletion of intracellular l-Cys and glutathione (GSH) was evaluated for its effects on pancreatic cancer cell lines. Cyst(e)inase caused oxidative stress and apoptosis in only Panc1 cells, whereas MIA-PaCa2 and BxPC3 cells demonstrated survival under conditions of cyst(e)inase-mediated l-Cys depletion through maintenance of mitochondrial metabolism and lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A correlation was also observed between thioredoxin 1 protein levels and resistance to cyst(e)inase treatment. Notably, cyst(e)inase in combination with auranofin, a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor, caused a synergistic increase in mitochondrial ROS and apoptosis and inhibition of mitophagy in the more resistant cells. In addition, auranofin treatment sensitized the more resistant pancreatic cancer xenografts to cyst(e)inase without systemic toxicity. These data provide strong rationale to further investigate therapeutic strategies that target multiple antioxidant pathways for treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Kshattry
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723 USA
| | - Achinto Saha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723 USA
| | - Paul Gries
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723 USA
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723 USA
| | - Everett Stone
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 USA
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723 USA
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37
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Little AC, Hristova M, van Lith L, Schiffers C, Dustin CM, Habibovic A, Danyal K, Heppner DE, Lin MCJ, van der Velden J, Janssen-Heininger YM, van der Vliet A. Dysregulated Redox Regulation Contributes to Nuclear EGFR Localization and Pathogenicity in Lung Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4844. [PMID: 30890751 PMCID: PMC6425021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers are frequently characterized by inappropriate activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-dependent signaling and epigenetic silencing of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzyme DUOX1, both potentially contributing to worse prognosis. Based on previous findings linking DUOX1 with redox-dependent EGFR activation, the present studies were designed to evaluate whether DUOX1 silencing in lung cancers may be responsible for altered EGFR regulation. In contrast to normal epithelial cells, EGF stimulation of lung cancer cell lines that lack DUOX1 promotes EGF-induced EGFR internalization and nuclear localization, associated with induction of EGFR-regulated genes and related tumorigenic outcomes. Each of these outcomes could be reversed by overexpression of DUOX1 or enhanced by shRNA-dependent DUOX1 silencing. EGF-induced nuclear EGFR localization in DUOX1-deficient lung cancer cells was associated with altered dynamics of cysteine oxidation of EGFR, and an overall reduction of EGFR cysteines. These various outcomes could also be attenuated by silencing of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), a mediator of metabolic alterations and drug resistance in various cancers, and a regulator of cysteine oxidation. Collectively, our findings indicate DUOX1 deficiency in lung cancers promotes dysregulated EGFR signaling and enhanced GSTP1-mediated turnover of EGFR cysteine oxidation, which result in enhanced nuclear EGFR localization and tumorigenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Little
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine Hematology-Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Milena Hristova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Loes van Lith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Caspar Schiffers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Christopher M Dustin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Aida Habibovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Karamatullah Danyal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - David E Heppner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Miao-Chong J Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jos van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Yvonne M Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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38
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Liu R, Shi D, Zhang J, Li X, Han X, Yao X, Fang J. Virtual screening-guided discovery of thioredoxin reductase inhibitors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 370:106-116. [PMID: 30898620 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD) is a promising therapeutic target for cancer. To discover novel TXNRD inhibitors, a library of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds were applied in structure-based virtual screening for the selection of hit compounds. Fifteen top-ranked compounds were further validated experimentally, exhibiting potent inhibition of TXNRD and remarkable cytotoxicity to cancer cells. The further binding mode analysis indicated that multiple noncovalent interactions between the inhibitors and the active pocket of TXNRD facilitated the formation of covalent bonds between the Sec498 on TXNRD and the α, β-unsaturated carbonyl groups on inhibitors. Results from both simulations and experiments demonstrated that Sec498 is the prime interaction site for the inhibition of TXNRD. Taking compound 7 as an example, the inhibition of TXNRD by compounds promoted oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis of cancer cells. Given these findings, novel TXNRD inhibitors may be discovered and introduced to the growing fields of small molecule drugs against TXNRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Danfeng Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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39
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Zhang J, Chai X, He XP, Kim HJ, Yoon J, Tian H. Fluorogenic probes for disease-relevant enzymes. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:683-722. [PMID: 30520895 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00907k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traditional biochemical methods for enzyme detection are mainly based on antibody-based immunoassays, which lack the ability to monitor the spatiotemporal distribution and, in particular, the in situ activity of enzymes in live cells and in vivo. In this review, we comprehensively summarize recent progress that has been made in the development of small-molecule as well as material-based fluorogenic probes for sensitive detection of the activities of enzymes that are related to a number of human diseases. The principles utilized to design these probes as well as their applications are reviewed. Specific attention is given to fluorogenic probes that have been developed for analysis of the activities of enzymes including oxidases and reductases, those that act on biomacromolecules including DNAs, proteins/peptides/amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids, and those that are responsible for translational modifications. We envision that this review will serve as an ideal reference for practitioners as well as beginners in relevant research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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40
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Muri J, Thut H, Heer S, Krueger CC, Bornkamm GW, Bachmann MF, Kopf M. The thioredoxin-1 and glutathione/glutaredoxin-1 systems redundantly fuel murine B-cell development and responses. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:709-723. [PMID: 30802940 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant systems maintain cellular redox homeostasis. The thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) and the glutathione (GSH)/glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1) systems are key players in preserving cytosolic redox balance. In fact, T lymphocytes critically rely on reducing equivalents from the Trx1 system for DNA biosynthesis during metabolic reprogramming upon activation. We here show that the Trx1 system is also indispensable for development and functionality of marginal zone (MZ) B cells and B1 cells in mice. In contrast, development of conventional B cells, follicular B-cell homeostasis, germinal center reactions, and antibody responses are redundantly sustained by both antioxidant pathways. Proliferating B2 cells lacking Txnrd1 have increased glutathione (GSH) levels and upregulated cytosolic Grx1, which is barely detectable in expanding thymocytes. These results suggest that the redox capacity driving proliferation is more robust and flexible in B cells than in T cells, which may have profound implications for the therapy of B and T-cell neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Muri
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Helen Thut
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Heer
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline C Krueger
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Georg W Bornkamm
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology and Tumor Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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41
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Gharibi N, Kailass K, Beharry AA. Exploiting the Cellular Redox-Control System for Activatable Photodynamic Therapy. Chembiochem 2019; 20:345-349. [PMID: 30423216 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been successfully used to treat a variety of cancers. However, one drawback has been the adverse side effects experienced by patients during therapy, as a result of the destruction of normal tissues upon irradiation. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis and characterisation of a photosensitiser to overcome this issue that, in addition to light, is also dependent on the overactive redox system present in cancer cells for its activation. Our probe consists of the photosensitiser, protoporphyrin IX, and a FRET-based quencher dye, BHQ-3, on a scaffold containing a disulfide bond. The close proximity of BHQ-3 to protoporphyrin IX quenches its ability to fluoresce and produce reactive oxygen species, whereas nonenzymatic or enzymatic reduction can recover its native properties. We further demonstrate its ability to be activated in cancer cells in a thiol-dependent manner and destroy breast and lung cancer cells upon red-light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Gharibi
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Karishma Kailass
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Andrew A Beharry
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
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42
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Tahover E, Bar-Shalom R, Sapir E, Pfeffer R, Nemirovsky I, Turner Y, Gips M, Ohana P, Corn BW, Wang AZ, Gabizon AA. Chemo-Radiotherapy of Oligometastases of Colorectal Cancer With Pegylated Liposomal Mitomycin-C Prodrug (Promitil): Mechanistic Basis and Preliminary Clinical Experience. Front Oncol 2018; 8:544. [PMID: 30534533 PMCID: PMC6275313 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypo-fractionated radiotherapy and stereotactic body radiotherapy are viable options for treatment of oligometastases. A prodrug of mitomycin-C is under clinical testing as a pegylated liposomal formulation (Promitil) with an improved safety profile over mitomycin-C. Promitil was offered to two patients with oligometastases from colorectal cancer as radiosensitizer. Each derived durable clinical benefit from Promitil administered immediately prior to and following irradiation. Transient toxicity to normal tissues of moderate to severe degree was observed. Promitil appears to have potential clinical value in this setting. HIGHLIGHTS- Delivery of radio-sensitizing drugs with pegylated (long-circulating) liposomes is a pharmacologically rational approach which remains largely clinically untested. - A mitomycin-c prodrug delivered by pegylated liposomes (Promitil) is activated by thiol groups, which are produced in excess by radiation-damaged cells, thus potentiating the radio-sensitizing effect of Promitil. - Two durable clinical responses in patient with colorectal oligometastases to Promitil and radiotherapy suggest that this approach may be of value in cancer chemo-radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eli Sapir
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Igor Nemirovsky
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Maya Gips
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Andrew Z Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina-School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alberto A Gabizon
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Lipomedix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Oncology, Hebrew University-School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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43
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Gopalakrishna R, Gundimeda U, Zhou S, Bui H, Holmgren A. Redox regulation of protein kinase C by selenometabolites and selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase limits cancer prevention by selenium. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:55-61. [PMID: 29775743 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cancer-preventive mechanism of selenium should address the way low concentrations of selenometabolites react with cellular targets without being diffused from the sites of generation, the way selenium selectively kills tumor cells, and the intriguing U-shaped curve that is seen with dietary supplementation of selenium and cancer prevention. Protein kinase C (PKC), a receptor for tumor promoters, is well suited for this mechanism. Due to the catalytic redox cycle, low concentrations of methylselenol, a postulated active metabolite of selenium, react with the tumor-promoting lipid hydroperoxide bound to PKC to form methylseleninic acid (MSA), which selectively reacts with thiol residues present within the vicinity of the PKC catalytic domain to inactivate it. Given that lipid hydroperoxide levels are high in promoting cells, PKC inactivation selectively leads to death in these cells. A biphasic effect of MSA in inducing cell death was observed in certain prostate cancer cell lines; lower concentrations of MSA induced cell death, while higher concentrations failed to do so. Lower concentrations of selenium inactivate more sensitive antiapoptotic isoenzymes of PKC (ε and α), sparing less sensitive proapoptotic isoenzymes (PKCδ and PKCζ). Higher concentrations of selenium also inactivate proapoptotic isoenzymes and consequently make tumor cells resistant to apoptosis. Due to a high-affinity binding of thioredoxin to the PKC catalytic domain, this thiol oxidation is explicitly reversed by thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD), a selenoprotein. Therefore, overexpression of TXNRD in advanced tumor cells could make them resistant to selenium-induced death. Conceivably, this mechanism, at least in part, explains why selenium prevents cancer only in certain cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayudu Gopalakrishna
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Usha Gundimeda
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sarah Zhou
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Helena Bui
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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44
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Dong X, Li X, Li M, Chen M, Fan Q, Wei W. Antiinflammation and Antioxidant Effects of Thalidomide on Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice and Human Lung Fibroblasts. Inflammation 2018; 40:1836-1846. [PMID: 28730510 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the potential effects of thalidomide (Thal) on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis were investigated. BALB/C mice model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by an intratracheal instillation of BLM was adopted, and then was intraperitoneally injected with Thal (10, 20, 50 mg/kg) daily for 8 days, while the control and BLM-treated mouse groups were injected with a saline solution. The effects of Thal on pulmonary injury were evaluated by the lung wet/dry weight ratios and histopathological examination. Inflammation of lung tissues was assessed by measuring the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Oxidative stress was evaluated by detecting the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung tissue. The results indicated that Thal treatment remarkably attenuated pulmonary fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in mouse lungs. The antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects of Thal were also found in human lung fibroblasts. Thal administration significantly enhanced the activity of thioredoxin reductase; however, the other enzymes or proteins involved in biologic oxidation-reduction equilibrium were not affected. Our findings indicate that Thal-mediated suppression of pulmonary fibrosis is related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In summary, these results may provide a rationale to explore clinical application of Thal for the prevention of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Dong
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Qian Fan
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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45
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Yeo CI, Ooi KK, Tiekink ERT. Gold-Based Medicine: A Paradigm Shift in Anti-Cancer Therapy? Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061410. [PMID: 29891764 PMCID: PMC6100309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new era of metal-based drugs started in the 1960s, heralded by the discovery of potent platinum-based complexes, commencing with cisplatin [(H₃N)₂PtCl₂], which are effective anti-cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. While clinical applications of gold-based drugs largely relate to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, attention has turned to the investigation of the efficacy of gold(I) and gold(III) compounds for anti-cancer applications. This review article provides an account of the latest research conducted during the last decade or so on the development of gold compounds and their potential activities against several cancers as well as a summary of possible mechanisms of action/biological targets. The promising activities and increasing knowledge of gold-based drug metabolism ensures that continued efforts will be made to develop gold-based anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Ing Yeo
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University. No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Kah Kooi Ooi
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University. No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Edward R T Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University. No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
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46
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The thioredoxin-1 system is essential for fueling DNA synthesis during T-cell metabolic reprogramming and proliferation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1851. [PMID: 29749372 PMCID: PMC5945637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) system is an important contributor to cellular redox balance and is a sensor of energy and glucose metabolism. Here we show critical c-Myc-dependent activation of the Trx1 system during thymocyte and peripheral T-cell proliferation, but repression during T-cell quiescence. Deletion of thioredoxin reductase-1 (Txnrd1) prevents expansion the CD4−CD8− thymocyte population, whereas Txnrd1 deletion in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes does not affect further maturation and peripheral homeostasis of αβT cells. However, Txnrd1 is critical for expansion of the activated T-cell population during viral and parasite infection. Metabolomics show that TrxR1 is essential for the last step of nucleotide biosynthesis by donating reducing equivalents to ribonucleotide reductase. Impaired availability of 2′-deoxyribonucleotides induces the DNA damage response and cell cycle arrest of Txnrd1-deficient T cells. These results uncover a pivotal function of the Trx1 system in metabolic reprogramming of thymic and peripheral T cells and provide a rationale for targeting Txnrd1 in T-cell leukemia. Thioredoxin (Trx), Trx reductase, Txnip and NADPH together comprise the Trx system. Here the authors make a T cell-specific thioredoxin reductase-1 knockout mouse to show how this system reprograms cellular metabolism to enable T cell development, proliferation and responses.
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47
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Zuo Z, Zhang P, Lin F, Shang W, Bi R, Lu F, Wu J, Jiang L. Interplay between Trx-1 and S100P promotes colorectal cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition by up-regulating S100A4 through AKT activation. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2430-2441. [PMID: 29383839 PMCID: PMC5867135 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a novel positive feedback loop between thioredoxin‐1 (Trx‐1) and S100P, which promotes the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the roles of Trx‐1 and S100P in CRC epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and their underlying mechanisms. We observed that knockdown of Trx‐1 or S100P in SW620 cells inhibited EMT, whereas overexpression of Trx‐1 or S100P in SW480 cells promoted EMT. Importantly, S100A4 and the phosphorylation of AKT were identified as potential downstream targets of Trx‐1 and S100P in CRC cells. Silencing S100A4 or inhibition of AKT phosphorylation eliminated S100P‐ or Trx‐1‐mediated CRC cell EMT, migration and invasion. Moreover, inhibition of AKT activity reversed S100P‐ or Trx‐1‐induced S100A4 expression. The expression of S100A4 was higher in human CRC tissues compared with their normal counterpart tissues and was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival. The overexpression of S100A4 protein was also positively correlated with S100P or Trx‐1 protein overexpression in our cohort of CRC tissues. In addition, overexpression of S100P reversed the Trx‐1 knockdown‐induced inhibition of S100A4 expression, EMT and migration and invasion in SW620 cells. The data suggest that interplay between Trx‐1 and S100P promoted CRC EMT as well as migration and invasion by up‐regulating S100A4 through AKT activation, thus providing further potential therapeutic targets for suppressing the EMT in metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigui Zuo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peili Zhang
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feiyan Lin
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Shang
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruichun Bi
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fengying Lu
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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48
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Chen X, Hu Q, Wu T, Wang C, Xia J, Yang L, Cheng B, Chen X. Proteomics-based investigation of multiple stages of OSCC development indicates that the inhibition of Trx-1 delays oral malignant transformation. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:733-742. [PMID: 29328386 PMCID: PMC5807042 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develop from oral potentially malignant disorders, which have been confirmed to be involved in chronic oxidative stimulation. However, no effective treatment approaches have been used to prevent the development of dysplasia into cancerous lesions thus far. In the present study, a well-established OSCC model was used to detect proteomics profiles at different stages during oral malignant transformation. Of the 15 proteins that were found to be upregulated in both the dysplasia and carcinoma stages, the oxidative stress-associated proteins, thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), glutaredoxin-1 and peroxiredoxin-2 were note as the proteins with significant changes in expression Trx-1 was identified to be the most significantly upregulated protein in the precancerous stage. Validation experiments confirmed that Trx-1 was overex-pressed both in dysplasia and cancerous tissue samples, and the inhibition of Trx-1 was able to promote the apoptosis of OSCC cells under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the experimental application of a Trx-1-specific inhibitory agent in an animal model led to a lower cancerization rate and a delay in tumor formation. The possible mechanisms were associated with the increased apoptosis via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent pathway. Taken together, our findings indicate that Trx-1 may be an important target for delaying oral malignant transformation, which provides a novel therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijuan Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Qinchao Hu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Juan Xia
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Linglan Yang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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49
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Kekulandara DN, Nagi S, Seo H, Chow CS, Ahn YH. Redox-Inactive Peptide Disrupting Trx1-Ask1 Interaction for Selective Activation of Stress Signaling. Biochemistry 2018; 57:772-780. [PMID: 29261301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) are two ubiquitous redox enzymes that are central for redox homeostasis but also are implicated in many other processes, including stress sensing, inflammation, and apoptosis. In addition to their enzymatic redox activity, a growing body of evidence shows that Trx1 and Grx1 play regulatory roles via protein-protein interactions with specific proteins, including Ask1. The currently available inhibitors of Trx1 and Grx1 are thiol-reactive electrophiles or disulfides that may suffer from low selectivity because of their thiol reactivity. In this report, we used a phage peptide library to identify a 7-mer peptide, 2GTP1, that binds to both Trx1 and Grx1. We further showed that a cell-permeable derivative of 2GTP1, TAT-2GTP1, disrupts the Trx1-Ask1 interaction, which induces Ask1 phosphorylation with subsequent activation of JNK, stabilization of p53, and reduced viability of cancer cells. Notably, as opposed to a disulfide-derived Trx1 inhibitor (PX-12), TAT-2GTP1 was selective for activating the Ask1 pathway without affecting other stress signaling pathways, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress and AMPK activation. Overall, 2GTP1 will serve as a useful probe for investigating protein interactions of Trx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilini N Kekulandara
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Shima Nagi
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hyosuk Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Christine S Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Young-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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50
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Kumar A, Mittal R. Mapping Txnip: Key connexions in progression of diabetic nephropathy. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:614-622. [PMID: 29684849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies demonstrates the major involvement of inflammatory and apoptotic pathway in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. The cross talk between inflammatory and apoptotic pathway suggests Txnip as a molecular connexion in progression of disease state. Txnip modulates inflammatory pathway (via ROS production and NLRP3 inflammasome activity) and apoptotic pathway (via mTOR pathway). The key contribution of Txnip in both the pathways, reflects, its crucial role in diabetic nephropathy. In the present review, we have first provided an overview of diabetic nephropathy and Txnip system, followed by the mechanistic insight of Txnip in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. This new mechanistic approach suggests to explore Txnip modulators as a promising therapeutic drug target in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Ruchika Mittal
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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