1
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Kurashina Y, Fukada K, Itai S, Akizuki S, Sato R, Masuda A, Tani H, Fujita J, Fukuda K, Tohyama S, Onoe H. Hydrogel-Sheathed hiPSC-Derived Heart Microtissue Enables Anchor-Free Contractile Force Measurement. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301831. [PMID: 37849230 PMCID: PMC10724413 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
In vitro reconstruction of highly mature engineered heart tissues (EHTs) is attempted for the selection of cardiotoxic drugs suitable for individual patients before administration. Mechanical contractile force generated in the EHTs is known to be a critical indicator for evaluating the EHT response. However, measuring contractile force requires anchoring the EHT in a tailored force-sensing cell culture chamber, causing technical difficulties in the stable evaluation of contractile force in long-term culture. This paper proposes a hydrogel-sheathed human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived heart microtissue (H3 M) that can provide an anchor-free contractile force measurement platform in commonly used multi-well plates. The contractile force associated with tissue formation and drug response is calculated by motion tracking and finite element analysis on the bending angle of the hydrogel sheath. From the experiment of the drug response, H3 M is an excellent drug screening platform with high sensitivity and early testing capability compared to conventionally anchored EHT. This unique platform would be useful and versatile for regenerative therapy and drug discovery research in EHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kurashina
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohama223–8522Japan
- Division of Advanced Mechanical Systems EngineeringInstitute of EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology2‐24‐16 NakachoKoganei‐shiTokyo184–8588Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukada
- School of Integrated Design EngineeringGraduate School of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohama223–8522Japan
| | - Shun Itai
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohama223–8522Japan
- Division of Medical ScienceGraduate school of Biomedical EngineeringTohoku University1‐1 Seiryomachi, Aoba‐kuSendaiMiyagi980–8574Japan
| | - Shuichi Akizuki
- Department of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, School of EngineeringChukyo University101–2 Yagoto Honmachi, Showa‐kuNagoyaAichi466–8666Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- School of Integrated Design EngineeringGraduate School of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohama223–8522Japan
| | - Akari Masuda
- School of Integrated Design EngineeringGraduate School of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohama223–8522Japan
| | - Hidenori Tani
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of Medicine35 ShinanomachiShinjuku‐kuTokyo160–8582Japan
| | - Jun Fujita
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of Medicine35 ShinanomachiShinjuku‐kuTokyo160–8582Japan
- Department of Pathology & ImmunologyBaylor College of MedicineOne Baylor PlazaHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of Medicine35 ShinanomachiShinjuku‐kuTokyo160–8582Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of Medicine35 ShinanomachiShinjuku‐kuTokyo160–8582Japan
| | - Hiroaki Onoe
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohama223–8522Japan
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2
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Purnama U, Castro-Guarda M, Sahoo OS, Carr CA. Modelling Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Using Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes to Complement Animal Models. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090832. [PMID: 36144236 PMCID: PMC9503602 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic, with cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. There is a pressing need for an in vitro model to aid understanding of the mechanisms driving diabetic heart disease, and to provide an accurate, reliable tool for drug testing. Human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have potential as a disease modelling tool. There are several factors that drive molecular changes inside cardiomyocytes contributing to diabetic cardiomyopathy, including hyperglycaemia, lipotoxicity and hyperinsulinemia. Here we discuss these factors and how they can be seen in animal models and utilised in cell culture to mimic the diabetic heart. The use of human iPSC-CMs will allow for a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis and open up new avenues for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujang Purnama
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Marcos Castro-Guarda
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Om Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713216, India
| | - Carolyn A. Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1865-282247
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3
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Kowalczewski A, Sakolish C, Hoang P, Liu X, Jacquir S, Rusyn I, Ma Z. Integrating nonlinear analysis and machine learning for human induced pluripotent stem cell-based drug cardiotoxicity testing. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:732-743. [PMID: 35621199 PMCID: PMC9719611 DOI: 10.1002/term.3325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology, nonlinear analysis and machine learning we can create novel tools to evaluate drug-induced cardiotoxicity on human cardiomyocytes. With cardiovascular disease remaining the leading cause of death globally it has become imperative to create effective and modern tools to test the efficacy and toxicity of drugs to combat heart disease. The calcium transient signals recorded from hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are highly complex and dynamic with great degrees of response characteristics to various drug treatments. However, traditional linear methods often fail to capture the subtle variation in these signals generated by hiPSC-CMs. In this work, we integrated nonlinear analysis, dimensionality reduction techniques and machine learning algorithms for better classifying the contractile signals from hiPSC-CMs in response to different drug exposure. By utilizing extracted parameters from a commercially available high-throughput testing platform, we were able to distinguish the groups with drug treatment from baseline controls, determine the drug exposure relative to IC50 values, and classify the drugs by its unique cardiac responses. By incorporating nonlinear parameters computed by phase space reconstruction, we were able to improve our machine learning algorithm's ability to predict cardiotoxic levels and drug classifications. We also visualized the effects of drug treatment and dosages with dimensionality reduction techniques, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). We have shown that integration of nonlinear analysis and artificial intelligence has proven to be a powerful tool for analyzing cardiotoxicity and classifying toxic compounds through their mechanistic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kowalczewski
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, USA,BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, USA
| | - Courtney Sakolish
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Plansky Hoang
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, USA,BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, USA
| | - Xiyuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, USA
| | - Sabir Jacquir
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, USA,BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, USA,Corresponding author Zhen Ma, PhD. Syracuse University ()
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4
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Suh T, Twiddy J, Mahmood N, Ali KM, Lubna MM, Bradford PD, Daniele MA, Gluck JM. Electrospun Carbon Nanotube-Based Scaffolds Exhibit High Conductivity and Cytocompatibility for Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20006-20019. [PMID: 35721944 PMCID: PMC9202252 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known for their excellent conductive properties. Here, we present two novel methods, "sandwich" (sCNT) and dual deposition (DD CNT), for incorporating CNTs into electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin scaffolds to increase their conductance. Based on CNT percentage, the DD CNT scaffolds contain significantly higher quantities of CNTs than the sCNT scaffolds. The inclusion of CNTs increased the electrical conductance of scaffolds from 0.0 ± 0.00 kS (non-CNT) to 0.54 ± 0.10 kS (sCNT) and 5.22 ± 0.49 kS (DD CNT) when measured parallel to CNT arrays and to 0.25 ± 0.003 kS (sCNT) and 2.85 ± 1.12 (DD CNT) when measured orthogonally to CNT arrays. The inclusion of CNTs increased fiber diameter and pore size, promoting cellular migration into the scaffolds. CNT inclusion also decreased the degradation rate and increased hydrophobicity of scaffolds. Additionally, CNT inclusion increased Young's modulus and failure load of scaffolds, increasing their mechanical robustness. Murine fibroblasts were maintained on the scaffolds for 30 days, demonstrating high cytocompatibility. The increased conductivity and high cytocompatibility of the CNT-incorporated scaffolds make them appropriate candidates for future use in cardiac and neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor
C. Suh
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Jack Twiddy
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North
Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Nasif Mahmood
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Kiran M. Ali
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Mostakima M. Lubna
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Philip D. Bradford
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Michael A. Daniele
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North
Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Jessica M. Gluck
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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5
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PLK inhibitors identified by high content phenotypic screening promote maturation of human PSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 620:113-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Mullen MMS, Wu JC. Utilization of induced pluripotent stem cells to model the molecular network regulating congenital heart disease. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:664-666. [PMID: 34971365 PMCID: PMC8859623 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- McKay M S Mullen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3200, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3200, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA,Corresponding author. Tel: (650) 736-2246; fax: (650) 736-0234, E-mail:
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7
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Mullen M, Zhang A, Lui GK, Romfh AW, Rhee JW, Wu JC. Race and Genetics in Congenital Heart Disease: Application of iPSCs, Omics, and Machine Learning Technologies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:635280. [PMID: 33681306 PMCID: PMC7925393 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.635280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a multifaceted cardiovascular anomaly that occurs when there are structural abnormalities in the heart before birth. Although various risk factors are known to influence the development of this disease, a full comprehension of the etiology and treatment for different patient populations remains elusive. For instance, racial minorities are disproportionally affected by this disease and typically have worse prognosis, possibly due to environmental and genetic disparities. Although research into CHD has highlighted a wide range of causal factors, the reasons for these differences seen in different patient populations are not fully known. Cardiovascular disease modeling using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is a novel approach for investigating possible genetic variants in CHD that may be race specific, making it a valuable tool to help solve the mystery of higher incidence and mortality rates among minorities. Herein, we first review the prevalence, risk factors, and genetics of CHD and then discuss the use of iPSCs, omics, and machine learning technologies to investigate the etiology of CHD and its connection to racial disparities. We also explore the translational potential of iPSC-based disease modeling combined with genome editing and high throughput drug screening platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKay Mullen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Angela Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - George K. Lui
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Anitra W. Romfh
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - June-Wha Rhee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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8
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Kumar D, Talluri TR, Selokar NL, Hyder I, Kues WA. Perspectives of pluripotent stem cells in livestock. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1-29. [PMID: 33584977 PMCID: PMC7859985 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent progress in derivation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) from farm animals opens new approaches not only for reproduction, genetic engineering, treatment and conservation of these species, but also for screening novel drugs for their efficacy and toxicity, and modelling of human diseases. Initial attempts to derive PSCs from the inner cell mass of blastocyst stages in farm animals were largely unsuccessful as either the cells survived for only a few passages, or lost their cellular potency; indicating that the protocols which allowed the derivation of murine or human embryonic stem (ES) cells were not sufficient to support the maintenance of ES cells from farm animals. This scenario changed by the innovation of induced pluripotency and by the development of the 3 inhibitor culture conditions to support naïve pluripotency in ES cells from livestock species. However, the long-term culture of livestock PSCs while maintaining the full pluripotency is still challenging, and requires further refinements. Here, we review the current achievements in the derivation of PSCs from farm animals, and discuss the potential application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, India.
| | - Thirumala R Talluri
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner 334001, India
| | - Naresh L Selokar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Iqbal Hyder
- Department of Physiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram 521102, India
| | - Wilfried A Kues
- Department of Biotechnology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Institute of Animal Health, Neustadt 31535, Germany
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9
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Suh TC, Amanah AY, Gluck JM. Electrospun Scaffolds and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Cardiac Tissue Engineering Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E105. [PMID: 32899986 PMCID: PMC7552723 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) combines cells, scaffolds, and growth factors to assemble functional tissues for repair or replacement of tissues and organs. Cardiac TE is focused on developing cardiac cells, tissues, and structures-most notably the heart. This review presents the requirements, challenges, and research surrounding electrospun scaffolds and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) towards applications to TE hearts. Electrospinning is an attractive fabrication method for cardiac TE scaffolds because it produces fibers that demonstrate the optimal potential for mimicking the complex structure of the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM). iPSCs theoretically offer the capacity to generate limitless numbers of CMs for use in TE hearts, however these iPSC-CMs are electrophysiologically, morphologically, mechanically, and metabolically immature compared to adult CMs. This presents a functional limitation to their use in cardiac TE, and research aiming to address this limitation is presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Cook Suh
- Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science Department, Wilson College of Textiles, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Alaowei Y Amanah
- Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science Department, Wilson College of Textiles, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jessica M Gluck
- Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science Department, Wilson College of Textiles, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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10
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Kumar D, Anand T, Talluri TR, Kues WA. Potential of transposon-mediated cellular reprogramming towards cell-based therapies. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:527-544. [PMID: 32843912 PMCID: PMC7415244 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i7.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells present a seminal discovery in cell biology and promise to support innovative treatments of so far incurable diseases. To translate iPS technology into clinical trials, the safety and stability of these reprogrammed cells needs to be shown. In recent years, different non-viral transposon systems have been developed for the induction of cellular pluripotency, and for the directed differentiation into desired cell types. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art of different transposon systems in iPS-based cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Taruna Anand
- NCVTC, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Thirumala R Talluri
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner 334001, India
| | - Wilfried A Kues
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Mariensee 31535, Germany
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11
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Selective protection of human cardiomyocytes from anthracycline cardiotoxicity by small molecule inhibitors of MAP4K4. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12060. [PMID: 32694738 PMCID: PMC7374628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the poor track record to date of animal models for creating cardioprotective drugs, human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have been proposed as a therapeutically relevant human platform to guide target validation and cardiac drug development. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase Kinase-4 (MAP4K4) is an “upstream” member of the MAPK superfamily that is implicated in human cardiac muscle cell death from oxidative stress, based on gene silencing and pharmacological inhibition in hPSC-CMs. A further role for MAP4K4 was proposed in heart muscle cell death triggered by cardiotoxic anti-cancer drugs, given its reported activation in failing human hearts with doxorubicin (DOX) cardiomyopathy, and its activation acutely by DOX in cultured cardiomyocytes. Here, we report successful protection from DOX in two independent hPSC-CM lines, using two potent, highly selective MAP4K4 inhibitors. The MAP4K4 inhibitors enhanced viability and reduced apoptosis at otherwise lethal concentrations of DOX, and preserved cardiomyocyte function, as measured by spontaneous calcium transients, at sub-maximal ones. Notably, in contrast, no intereference was seen in tumor cell killing, caspase activation, or mitochondrial membrane dissipation by DOX, in human cancer cell lines. Thus, MAP4K4 is a plausible, tractable, selective therapeutic target in DOX-induced human heart muscle cell death.
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12
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Hnatiuk A, Mercola M. Stars in the Night Sky: iPSC-Cardiomyocytes Return the Patient Context to Drug Screening. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 24:506-507. [PMID: 30951657 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes have the potential to revolutionize the discovery of new medicines for serious heart conditions; however, heart failure remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Fiedler et al. (2019) describe using iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes to screen new chemical entities, discovering a small molecule for ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hnatiuk
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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13
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Moradi S, Mahdizadeh H, Šarić T, Kim J, Harati J, Shahsavarani H, Greber B, Moore JB. Research and therapy with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): social, legal, and ethical considerations. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:341. [PMID: 31753034 PMCID: PMC6873767 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can self-renew indefinitely in culture and differentiate into all specialized cell types including gametes. iPSCs do not exist naturally and are instead generated (“induced” or “reprogrammed”) in culture from somatic cells through ectopic co-expression of defined pluripotency factors. Since they can be generated from any healthy person or patient, iPSCs are considered as a valuable resource for regenerative medicine to replace diseased or damaged tissues. In addition, reprogramming technology has provided a powerful tool to study mechanisms of cell fate decisions and to model human diseases, thereby substantially potentiating the possibility to (i) discover new drugs in screening formats and (ii) treat life-threatening diseases through cell therapy-based strategies. However, various legal and ethical barriers arise when aiming to exploit the full potential of iPSCs to minimize abuse or unauthorized utilization. In this review, we discuss bioethical, legal, and societal concerns associated with research and therapy using iPSCs. Furthermore, we present key questions and suggestions for stem cell scientists, legal authorities, and social activists investigating and working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Isar 11, 47138-18983, Babol, Iran.
| | - Hamid Mahdizadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tomo Šarić
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for NeurophysiologyMedical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johnny Kim
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Javad Harati
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Shahsavarani
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Boris Greber
- RheinCell Therapeutics GmbH, 40764, Langenfeld, Germany
| | - Joseph B Moore
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,The Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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14
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CRISPR technologies for stem cell engineering and regenerative medicine. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107447. [PMID: 31513841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 system exploits the concerted action of Cas9 nuclease and programmable single guide RNA (sgRNA), and has been widely used for genome editing. The Cas9 nuclease activity can be abolished by mutation to yield the catalytically deactivated Cas9 (dCas9). Coupling with the customizable sgRNA for targeting, dCas9 can be fused with transcription repressors to inhibit specific gene expression (CRISPR interference, CRISPRi) or fused with transcription activators to activate the expression of gene of interest (CRISPR activation, CRISPRa). Here we introduce the principles and recent advances of these CRISPR technologies, their delivery vectors and review their applications in stem cell engineering and regenerative medicine. In particular, we focus on in vitro stem cell fate manipulation and in vivo applications such as prevention of retinal and muscular degeneration, neural regeneration, bone regeneration, cartilage tissue engineering, as well as treatment of diseases in blood, skin and liver. Finally, the challenges to translate CRISPR to regenerative medicine and future perspectives are discussed and proposed.
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15
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Pullinger TK, Gong JQX. To their own beat: modelling variability in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Physiol 2019; 597:5047-5048. [PMID: 31441052 DOI: 10.1113/jp278739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor K Pullinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jingqi Q X Gong
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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16
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Schneider O, Zeifang L, Fuchs S, Sailer C, Loskill P. User-Friendly and Parallelized Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Microtissues in a Centrifugal Heart-on-a-Chip. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:786-798. [PMID: 30968738 PMCID: PMC6535963 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT With the ultimate goal in tissue engineering of approaching in vivo functionality as closely as possible, organ-on-a-chip (OoC) systems provide unprecedented game-changing opportunities by enabling creation of perfused three-dimensional tissues. Most of the recently developed OoC systems, however, require complex handling steps. Hence, a large gap still exists between technology development and collection of valuable biological data in a standardized medium- or high-throughput manner. The system presented here bridges this gap by providing a user-friendly framework for the parallelized creation of multiple physiologically relevant tissues, which could be applicable in every laboratory without additional equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schneider
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lisa Zeifang
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefanie Fuchs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carla Sailer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Yoshida K, Okada M, Nagasaka R, Sasaki H, Okada M, Kanie K, Kato R. Time-course colony tracking analysis for evaluating induced pluripotent stem cell culture processes. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:209-217. [PMID: 30738731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the yield and maintaining a high quality of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is necessary for manufacturing iPSCs at the industrial scale. However, because iPSCs are delicate, it is important to evaluate their quality during processing. To examine the status of cultured iPSCs non-invasively, morphology-based iPSC colony evaluation may be an efficient technology for cellular status monitoring and analysis. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of time-course colony tracking analysis for evaluating the iPSC culture process. Particularly, we obtained detailed time-course data to evaluate the effect of the pipetting technique on cell dissociation before seeding. Although the pipetting process causes severe shear stress to cells, which affects their quality, these effects have not been quantitatively analyzed because of their complex and uncontrollable parameters. By analyzing the heterogeneity and time-course responses of individual colonies, our colony tracking analysis revealed a critically damaged population caused by pipetting stress which could not be detected in conventional bulk analysis. Moreover, by comprehensively analyzing colony tracking data, which links the time-course morphology and marker staining results with each colony, we found that colony morphology is only highly correlated with the undifferentiated marker in the final stage, with a lower correlation in the early stages. Thus, colony tracking analysis provides a way to quantify cellular morphological information when evaluating complex iPSC manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yoshida
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mika Okada
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Risako Nagasaka
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroto Sasaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mai Okada
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kei Kanie
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan; Stem Cell Evaluation Technology Research Association (SCA), Hacho-bori, Chuou-ku, Tokyo 104-0032, Japan; Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Division of Micro-Nano Mechatronics, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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18
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Massaia A, Chaves P, Samari S, Miragaia RJ, Meyer K, Teichmann SA, Noseda M. Single Cell Gene Expression to Understand the Dynamic Architecture of the Heart. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:167. [PMID: 30525044 PMCID: PMC6258739 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of single cell gene expression technologies, and especially single cell transcriptomics, have revolutionized the way biologists and clinicians investigate organs and organisms, allowing an unprecedented level of resolution to the description of cell demographics in both healthy and diseased states. Single cell transcriptomics provide information on prevalence, heterogeneity, and gene co-expression at the individual cell level. This enables a cell-centric outlook to define intracellular gene regulatory networks and to bridge toward the definition of intercellular pathways otherwise masked in bulk analysis. The technologies have developed at a fast pace producing a multitude of different approaches, with several alternatives to choose from at any step, including single cell isolation and capturing, lysis, RNA reverse transcription and cDNA amplification, library preparation, sequencing, and computational analyses. Here, we provide guidelines for the experimental design of single cell RNA sequencing experiments, exploring the current options for the crucial steps. Furthermore, we provide a complete overview of the typical data analysis workflow, from handling the raw sequencing data to making biological inferences. Significantly, advancements in single cell transcriptomics have already contributed to outstanding exploratory and functional studies of cardiac development and disease models, as summarized in this review. In conclusion, we discuss achievable outcomes of single cell transcriptomics' applications in addressing unanswered questions and influencing future cardiac clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Massaia
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and British Heart Foundation Centre for Regenerative Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Chaves
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and British Heart Foundation Centre for Regenerative Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Samari
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and British Heart Foundation Centre for Regenerative Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kerstin Meyer
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Amalia Teichmann
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michela Noseda
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and British Heart Foundation Centre for Regenerative Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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