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Hess L, Moos V, Seiser C. Development of a Cellular Model Mimicking Specific HDAC Inhibitors. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2589:51-73. [PMID: 36255617 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2788-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important regulators of cellular functions in health and disease. HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC8 are promising targets for the treatment of cancer, neurological, and immunological disorders. These enzymes have both catalytic and non-catalytic functions in the regulation of gene expression. We here describe the generation of a genetic toolbox by the CRISPR/Cas9 methodology in nearly haploid human tumor cells. This novel model system allows to discriminate between catalytic and structural functions of class I HDAC enzymes and to mimic the treatment with specific HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hess
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division for Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Moos
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division for Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Seiser
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division for Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Moradi S, Mahdizadeh H, Šarić T, Kim J, Harati J, Shahsavarani H, Greber B, Moore JB. Research and therapy with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): social, legal, and ethical considerations. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:341. [PMID: 31753034 PMCID: PMC6873767 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can self-renew indefinitely in culture and differentiate into all specialized cell types including gametes. iPSCs do not exist naturally and are instead generated (“induced” or “reprogrammed”) in culture from somatic cells through ectopic co-expression of defined pluripotency factors. Since they can be generated from any healthy person or patient, iPSCs are considered as a valuable resource for regenerative medicine to replace diseased or damaged tissues. In addition, reprogramming technology has provided a powerful tool to study mechanisms of cell fate decisions and to model human diseases, thereby substantially potentiating the possibility to (i) discover new drugs in screening formats and (ii) treat life-threatening diseases through cell therapy-based strategies. However, various legal and ethical barriers arise when aiming to exploit the full potential of iPSCs to minimize abuse or unauthorized utilization. In this review, we discuss bioethical, legal, and societal concerns associated with research and therapy using iPSCs. Furthermore, we present key questions and suggestions for stem cell scientists, legal authorities, and social activists investigating and working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Isar 11, 47138-18983, Babol, Iran.
| | - Hamid Mahdizadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tomo Šarić
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for NeurophysiologyMedical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johnny Kim
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Javad Harati
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Shahsavarani
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Boris Greber
- RheinCell Therapeutics GmbH, 40764, Langenfeld, Germany
| | - Joseph B Moore
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,The Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Hoffmann S, Schmitteckert S, Griesbeck A, Preiss H, Sumer S, Rolletschek A, Granzow M, Eckstein V, Niesler B, Rappold GA. Comparative expression analysis of Shox2-deficient embryonic stem cell-derived sinoatrial node-like cells. Stem Cell Res 2017; 21:51-57. [PMID: 28390247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeodomain transcription factor Shox2 controls the development and function of the native cardiac pacemaker, the sinoatrial node (SAN). Moreover, SHOX2 mutations have been associated with cardiac arrhythmias in humans. For detailed examination of Shox2-dependent developmental mechanisms in SAN cells, we established a murine embryonic stem cell (ESC)-based model using Shox2 as a molecular tool. Shox2+/+ and Shox2-/- ESC clones were isolated and differentiated according to five different protocols in order to evaluate the most efficient enrichment of SAN-like cells. Expression analysis of cell subtype-specific marker genes revealed most efficient enrichment after CD166-based cell sorting. Comparative cardiac expression profiles of Shox2+/+ and Shox2-/- ESCs were examined by nCounter technology. Among other genes, we identified Nppb as a novel putative Shox2 target during differentiation in ESCs. Differential expression of Nppb could be confirmed in heart tissue of Shox2-/- embryos. Taken together, we established an ESC-based cardiac differentiation model and successfully purified Shox2+/+ and Shox2-/- SAN-like cells. This now provides an excellent basis for the investigation of molecular mechanisms under physiological and pathophysiological conditions for evaluating novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hoffmann
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schmitteckert
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Griesbeck
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Preiss
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Sumer
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexandra Rolletschek
- Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Granzow
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Eckstein
- FACS Core Facility, Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany; nCounter Core Facility, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gudrun A Rappold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.
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Bencsik R, Boto P, Szabó RN, Toth BM, Simo E, Bálint BL, Szatmari I. Improved transgene expression in doxycycline-inducible embryonic stem cells by repeated chemical selection or cell sorting. Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:228-234. [PMID: 27591479 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgene-mediated programming is a preeminent strategy to direct cellular identity. To facilitate cell fate switching, lineage regulating genes must be efficiently and uniformly induced. However, gene expression is often heterogeneous in transgenic systems. Consistent with this notion, a non-uniform reporter gene expression was detected in our doxycycline (DOX)-regulated, murine embryonic stem (ES) cell clones. Interestingly, a significant fraction of cells within each clone failed to produce any reporter signals upon DOX treatment. We found that the majority of these non-responsive cells neither carry reporter transgene nor geneticin/G418 resistance. This observation suggested that our ES cell clones contained non-recombined cells that survived the G418 selection which was carried out during the establishment of these clones. We successfully eliminated most of these corrupted cells with repeated chemical (G418) selection, however, even after prolonged G418 treatments, a few cells remained non-responsive due to epigenetic silencing. We found that cell sorting has been the most efficient approach to select those cells which can uniformly and stably induce the integrated transgene in this ES cell based platform. Together, our data revealed that post-cloning chemical re-selection or cell sorting strongly facilitate the production of ES cell lines with a uniform transgene induction capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Bencsik
- Stem Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4010, Hungary
| | - Pal Boto
- Stem Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4010, Hungary
| | - Renáta Nóra Szabó
- Stem Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4010, Hungary
| | - Bianka Monika Toth
- Stem Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4010, Hungary
| | - Emilia Simo
- Stem Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4010, Hungary
| | - Bálint László Bálint
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4010, Hungary
| | - Istvan Szatmari
- Stem Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4010, Hungary; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
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