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Seedall RB. Gender, attachment, and demand/withdraw patterns in the context of moderate couple conflict in cisgender, heterosexual relationships. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2024. [PMID: 39049455 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A common pattern in couple relationships is demand/withdraw. Within this pattern, one partner seeks connection, change, and resolution of the issue, whereas the other seeks to end the discussion and limit closeness. We sought to further understand and update the literature by examining the relationship of gender and attachment (both self-report and narrative discourse) with demand/withdraw behaviors during moderate couple conflict. Using data from 63 cisgender, heterosexual couples, we used the actor-partner interdependence model within multilevel modeling, to explore the research questions. Findings revealed that during the woman's issue, men were more likely to withdraw. During the man's issue, preoccupied attachment in either partner was associated with more demand and women higher in attachment anxiety were more likely to demand. Demand behaviors in one partner were also associated with withdraw behaviors in the other (and vice versa). In this article, we discuss the research and clinical implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B Seedall
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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2
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Ludwikowska-Świeboda K, Sekowski M. The Quality of Interpersonal Relationships, Intrusive and Deliberate Rumination and Adjustment to the Death of a Spouse. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024:302228241265442. [PMID: 39030966 DOI: 10.1177/00302228241265442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the presented study was to gain a better understanding of relationships between the pre-loss quality of marriage, global attachment style, rumination, the severity of complicated grief and the level of posttraumatic growth among widowed individuals. After the researchers obtained the consent of the ethics board to conduct the study, they examined widowed individuals (n = 152) using the Experiences in Close Relationships - Revised, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Event Related Rumination Inventory, the Inventory of Complicated Grief, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Results show a positive relationship between attachment anxiety and complicated grief via intrusive rumination, as well as a positive relationship between attachment anxiety and posttraumatic growth via intrusive and deliberate rumination. Results also show that the greater the attachment avoidance the higher the severity of complicated grief, but only in the case of perceived low quality of the marriage. The presented research provides insight into the complex associations between the quality of interpersonal relationships, rumination and adjustment to loss among individuals who experienced the death of a spouse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Sekowski
- Department of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Wang Y, Zhou K, Wang Y, Zhang J, Xie Y, Wang X, Yang W, Zhang X, Yang J, Wang F. Examining the association of family environment and children emotional/behavioral difficulties in the relationship between parental anxiety and internet addiction in youth. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1341556. [PMID: 38895031 PMCID: PMC11184946 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1341556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Associations between parental anxiety and adolescent internet addiction have been documented in the literature; however, few studies have analyzed the role of the family environment in this relationship. This study aims to explore the relationship between parental anxiety and adolescent internet addiction while also investigating the indirect relationships involving multiple dimensions of the family environment and child emotional behavior issues. Methods Surveys were conducted among 6,296 parent-child pairs. We administered SDQ, CIAS-R, and FES-CV to assess adolescents' issues and internet addiction, and evaluate family environment. Additionally, parents completed GAD-7 to assess parental anxiety levels.Results: Correlation analysis revealed that the family environment and adolescent emotional behavior issues played an indirect relationship in the link between parental anxiety and internet addiction. Discussion The findings emphasize the importance of addressing parental anxiety and fostering a positive family environment as effective measures to alleviate adolescent emotional behavior problems and reduce the risk of internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Liaoning, China
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical Universtiy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keyin Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Liaoning, China
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Liaoning, China
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Liaoning, China
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanchen Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Liaoning, China
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical Universtiy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiyan Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Liaoning, China
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Haydon KC, Groh AM. The predictive significance of attachment script assessment hyperactivation and deactivation: evidence of associations with romantic relationship functioning. Attach Hum Dev 2024; 26:253-271. [PMID: 38989772 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2024.2367329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the significance of a novel coding system for evaluating hyperactivation, deactivation, and anomalous content in the Attachment Script Assessment for romantic relationship functioning. In a sample of 208 couples (69% White, Mage 28.7 years), we tested whether ASA hyperactivation and deactivation were associated with theoretically relevant correlates, including observed behavior, parasympathetic reactivity, self-reported affective reactivity to conflict, and relationship satisfaction. Exploratory analyses examined associations of secure base script knowledge (SBSK) and anomalous content with these outcomes. ASA hyperactivation and deactivation were associated with behavioral, physiological, and self-reported functioning in theory-consistent ways. Anomalous content was not associated with romantic functioning. SBSK was associated with satisfaction, but this was not robust to covariates. Findings support the predictive validity of the hyperactivation and deactivation dimensions and suggest that these scales complement SBSK, enabling researchers to assess a wider range of behavioral and physiological indicators associated with distinctive forms of attachment insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Haydon
- Psychology & Education Department, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, USA
| | - Ashley M Groh
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
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Morris KL, McDowell CN, Tawfiq D, Outler C, Kimmes JG. Relationship mindfulness, negative relationship quality, and physical health. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2024; 50:136-149. [PMID: 37855613 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Romantic relationships have the potential to be a great source of support or a significant stressor depending on the quality of the relationship. Given the importance of these relationships, it is important to explore possible predictors of relationship quality, primarily if such predictors can be targeted in a clinical setting. Relationship mindfulness, or the propensity to be mindful in the setting of a romantic relationship, is one such option. The current study explored the associations between relationship mindfulness, negative relationship quality, and physical health. An online assessment was completed by 116 middle-aged different-sex couples that measured the variables of interest. In addition, an Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model was utilized to determine significant associations between relationship mindfulness, negative relationship quality, and physical health for both actors and partners. The clinical implications are that relationship mindfulness may help to decrease negative relationship quality and subsequently benefit individual physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Morris
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Chrystal N McDowell
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Dania Tawfiq
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Carson Outler
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan G Kimmes
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Knox L, Karantzas G, Ferguson E. The Role of Attachment, Insecurity, and Stress in Partner Maltreatment: A Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:721-737. [PMID: 37036150 PMCID: PMC10666483 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231161012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Negative, destructive, and abusive behaviors in romantic relationships can vary from explicit kinds of abuse and aggression to more subtle and seemingly innocuous slights against or ways of treating a partner. However, regardless of the severity or explicit nature, these behaviors all, to one extent or another, reflect acts of invalidation, disrespect, aggression, or neglect toward a partner, and could be considered maltreatment of a partner. The current paper proposes the term partner maltreatment as a broad overarching concept, which was used to facilitate a meta-analytic synthesis of the literature to examine the associations between attachment insecurity (i.e., attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance) and perpetration of partner maltreatment. Additionally, this paper situated partner maltreatment within an attachment-based diathesis-stress perspective to explore the moderating role of stress. Five databases were systematically searched for published and unpublished studies that examined the direct association between perpetrator's adult attachment orientation and perpetration of partner maltreatment behaviors. We synthesized effect sizes from 139 studies (N = 38,472) and found the effect between attachment insecurity and acts of partner maltreatment varied between r = .11 to .21. Our findings provide meta-analytic evidence to suggest that attachment insecurity is a significant individual vulnerability factor (diathesis) associated with partner maltreatment; and that when individuals with an insecure attachment orientation experience stress, the tendency to perpetrate partner maltreatment is typically heightened. The findings of this meta-analysis provide empirical evidence for the importance of considering and addressing contextual factors, especially stress, for those individuals and couples seeking therapy for partner maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Knox
- Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
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Peng X, Gillath O, Jiang M, Wang B, Zhang J, Wu L. Attachment style and attention bias to emotional information: The moderating effect of stress, stimulus characteristics, and attention stage. J Pers 2023. [PMID: 37870284 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether insecurely attached individuals exhibit an attention bias to emotional information, and further tested the potential moderating role of stress, information valence, information attachment relevance, and attention stage. BACKGROUND Attachment style can predict people's attention to emotional information. However, the empirical findings are inconsistent, making it difficult to determine the associations between attachment style and attention bias to emotional information. METHOD We included 68 studies (N = 5417) across 46 published and unpublished articles (the initial pool was 627 articles) in the meta-analysis. RESULTS People high on attachment avoidance exhibited decreased attention toward emotional stimuli (d = -0.129, p = 0.020), which was not affected by stress, information valence, information attachment relevance, or attention stage. Conversely, people high on attachment anxiety exhibited increased attention toward emotional stimuli, especially under stress, if the information was attachment-related, and during late-stage attentional processing. They exhibited an early bias away from and a late bias toward emotional information, which was intensified under stress. CONCLUSION Our findings support the proposition that people high on attachment avoidance use deactivating strategies in attentional processing; whereas people high on attachment anxiety use hyperactivating strategies, especially when resources are limited (under stress). When resources are available, and it is relatively early in the process, people high on attachment anxiety respond similarly to those high on attachment avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Omri Gillath
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Mengjie Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beiyi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Humor and Attachment: Exploring the Relationships between Insecure Attachment and the Comic Styles. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:161-169. [PMID: 36661762 PMCID: PMC9857711 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between individuals' insecure attachment styles and eight comic styles was explored. A sample of 636 Italian adults (206 males, 428 females, 2 non-binary), aged 18 to 81 years (M = 41.44; DS = 13.44) completed an online survey to investigate the relationship between insecure attachment styles, namely anxious and avoidant, and the eight comic styles, clustered into lighter style (fun, benevolent humor, wit, nonsense) and darker style (irony, satire, sarcasm, cynicism). The findings of this research indicated the lighter and darker styles were differently related to the anxious and avoidant styles. The anxious attachment was negatively related to both benevolent humor and wit and positively with irony. The avoidant style was positively associated with nonsense and sarcasm, while no other relationship emerged. This research indicated that attachment orientations are associated with individual differences in the detailed differentiation of humor-related styles.
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9
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Freeman H, Simons J, Benson NF. Romantic Duration, Relationship Quality, and Attachment Insecurity among Dating Couples. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:856. [PMID: 36613178 PMCID: PMC9820285 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For many young adults today dating is not taken as a path to marriage, but as a relationship to be considered on its own terms with a beginning, middle, and end. Yet, research has not kept pace as most studies that look at relationships over time focus on marriages. In the present study, we look at individual differences and normative patterns of dating relationship quality over time. We tested a path model of associations between relationship duration, attachment insecurity, and four relationship quality domains (sexual frequency, commitment, satisfaction, and companionship) among a large sample of dating young adults (N = 1345). Based on a conceptual model of romantic relationship development, results supported expectations that dating trajectories are curvilinear, with unique patterns of accent, peak, and decent for each relationship domain. Dating duration also moderated the relationship between dating quality and attachment insecurity with anxious attachment becoming a more salient predictor of lower satisfaction and lower commitment in long-term versus short-term relationships. A quadratic interaction with sexual frequency indicated that insecurity predicted less sexual activity in new relationships, more activity among relationships between two and four years, but then less again in longer-term relationships. Findings suggest patterns of stability and change in dating relationships during emerging adulthood that complement those observed from the marriage literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Freeman
- Human Development and Educational Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Jeffrey Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Nicholas F. Benson
- Department of Educational Psychology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
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10
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Yang B, Su S, Zong Z, Du Q, Wang J. Effects of thriving at work on employees' family role performance: A moderated mediation model. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1079201. [PMID: 36960010 PMCID: PMC10027767 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1079201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Existing research has demonstrated that thriving at work has a positive effect on work performance, but little is known about how thriving at work affects family role performance. Based on the work-home resource model, this study examines the impact mechanism of thriving at work on family role performance. Methods This paper uses an experience sampling method to conduct a 5-day daily study of 151 married employees in Northwest China, and the data were analyzed using a multilevel linear model. Results We find that thriving at work positively affects family role performance partly through the mediating effect of work-family enrichment at the individual level. Moreover, family-supportive supervisor behavior moderates the relationship between thriving at work and work-family enrichment. Through work-family enrichment, family-supportive supervisor behavior also moderates the indirect relationship between thriving at work and family role performance. Specifically, the higher the level of family-supportive supervisor behavior, the stronger the indirect effect of thriving at work on family role performance through work-family enrichment. Conclusion Previous research has focused more on the effects of thriving at work within the work domain, suggesting that thriving at work can have a positive impact on work outcomes. However, only a few studies have examined the positive relationship between thriving at work and family role performance from the perspective of employees' positive psychological resources. This paper explores the positive effects of thriving at work on family role performance based on a resource flow perspective and identifies its potential boundary conditions. This study enriches the theoretical research on the relationship between thriving at work and family role performance. Additionally, it provides a new foothold and research perspective on improving work-family enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyan Yang
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- *Correspondence: Baoyan Yang,
| | - Shaoqing Su
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Shaoqing Su,
| | - Zhaobiao Zong
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Du
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Bar‐Shachar Y, Lopata S, Bar‐Kalifa E. Relationship satisfaction during COVID-19: The role of partners' perceived support and attachment. FAMILY RELATIONS 2022; 72:FARE12767. [PMID: 36246206 PMCID: PMC9539370 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective The main goal of this study was to examine the interplay between individuals' attachment insecurity and their perceptions of their partners' COVID-related behaviors (supportive and negative behaviors) in predicting their relationship satisfaction. Background Stress is a well-documented risk factor for relationship satisfaction. COVID-19 related stressors thus pose a challenge to maintaining relationship satisfaction. Although partners' supportive behaviors can play a central role in mitigating these stressors, enduring individual vulnerabilities, such as attachment insecurity, are likely to moderate the effectiveness of supportive (or negative) behaviors. Method In this two-wave study, conducted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel, 239 participants in cohabiting Israeli couples reported their current relationship satisfaction and perceived partners' supportive and negative behaviors in response to COVID-related stress. Participants' pre-COVID reports of relationship satisfaction and attachment orientations were used to assess the extent to which partners' supportive/negative behaviors interacted with attachment orientations to predict relationship satisfaction maintenance during the first lockdown in Israel. Results Higher levels of support and lower levels of negative behaviors were associated with greater relationship satisfaction maintenance. Anxiously attached individuals showed greater sensitivity to their partners' support, whereas avoidantly attached individuals manifested lower reactivity to their partners' negative behaviors. Conclusions Perceived partners' supportive and negative behaviors can predict relationship satisfaction during stressful times. However, high attachment anxiety and low attachment avoidance may render individuals more sensitive to such behaviors. Implications The results suggest that during times of stress, it is essential to target partners with attachment insecurity to strengthen their supportive skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Bar‐Shachar
- The Department of PsychologyBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Sagi Lopata
- The Department of PsychologyBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Eran Bar‐Kalifa
- The Department of PsychologyBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
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12
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Wendołowska A, Steć M, Czyżowska D. Supportive, Delegated, and Common Dyadic Coping Mediates the Association between Adult Attachment Representation and Relationship Satisfaction: A Dyadic Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8026. [PMID: 35805682 PMCID: PMC9266237 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine intrapersonal (actor) and interpersonal (partner) associations between attachment, assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview, and satisfaction with the relationship, as well as to establish the possibility of the mediatory effect of supportive, delegated, and common dyadic coping on the aforementioned associations. A dyadic approach has been introduced, using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model and data from 114 heterosexual couples, aged 26 to 60. It has been shown that one's own secure attachment can be perceived as the predictor of one's own relationship satisfaction in women and men and the predictor of a partner's relationship satisfaction in men. The findings support the partially mediating role of dyadic coping in the association between attachment and relationship satisfaction and are a significant contribution to the issue of dyadic coping in general. Adults' secure representations of their childhood experiences may be effective in using their partners as a secure base and also in serving as a secure base themselves, but it is not the sole influence on the quality of the couple's experience together. The we-ness phenomenon and resulting clinical implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wendołowska
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Steć
- Institute of Psychology, Jesuit University Ignatianum, 26 Kopernika Street, 31-501 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Dorota Czyżowska
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Kraków, Poland;
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13
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Tucker JS, Rodriguez A, Davis JP, D'Amico EJ. Cross-Lagged Associations of Insecure Attachment Style, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Behavior During Emerging Adulthood. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:1521-1530. [PMID: 35022912 PMCID: PMC10402343 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insecure romantic attachment style has been associated with greater substance use and higher risk sexual behavior, but the temporal nature of these associations is not well-understood. This study examined whether having a more insecure attachment style was associated with greater engagement in higher-risk sexual behavior over time and, if so, whether this was mediated by more frequent alcohol use. We used three annual waves of survey data from a diverse California cohort (N = 2371) who were assessed from ages 19 to 21-22 years. Separate cross-lagged models examined temporal associations of insecure romantic attachment style (anxious and avoidant), past month alcohol use frequency, and sexual behavior (number of sex partners, condomless sex with casual and steady partners). Attachment anxiety was not directly associated with sexual behavior. Rather, a consistent pattern across waves showed that greater attachment anxiety was associated with more frequent alcohol use at the next wave, which, in turn, was associated with having more sex partners and condomless sex with casual and steady partners one year later. In contrast, greater attachment avoidance was directly associated with having fewer sex partners, and its associations with condomless sex differed across partner type and assessment waves. Attachment avoidance was unrelated to alcohol use frequency. Results indicated that both anxious and avoidant attachment styles were associated with higher-risk sexual behavior, but in different ways and through different mechanisms. Future research may want to examine whether the effectiveness of sexual risk reduction programs for young people is enhanced by discussing attachment style and tailoring the curriculum accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan S Tucker
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA.
| | | | - Jordan P Davis
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, USC Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society, USC Center for Mindfulness Science, USC Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Feeney JA, Fitzgerald J. Autonomy–connection tensions, stress, and attachment: The case of COVID-19. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 43:18-23. [PMID: 34265737 PMCID: PMC8881097 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The COVID pandemic, and actions taken by governments worldwide to deal with it, have placed stress on couple relationships. Reports from many countries have documented substantial increases in relationship difficulties, conflict, and violence. We propose that issues concerning autonomy and connection are central to these problems, particularly as couples face changing situations with regard to lockdowns, social distancing, and border closures. We further propose that a fruitful approach to understanding these difficulties comes from integrating attachment theory with key concepts of stress and coping theories. Based on these principles and concepts, emotionally focused couples therapy (EFT) offers guidelines to help couples navigate the multiple stressors associated with the pandemic.
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15
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Sheng R, Hu J, Liu X, Xu W. Longitudinal relationships between insecure attachment and romantic relationship quality and stability in emerging adults: the mediating role of perceived conflict in daily life. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Chen Q, Zhu Y, Chui WH. A Meta-Analysis on Effects of Parenting Programs on Bullying Prevention. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:1209-1220. [PMID: 32242506 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020915619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bullying is a serious public health concern across the globe. While there are a number of bullying interventions with parental components, limited efforts have been made to synthesize the impacts of parenting programs on bullying prevention. This meta-analysis aimed to review and examine parenting programs on bullying reduction that involving both school-based and home visiting anti-bullying programs. The overall effect size supported a significant outcome on bullying reduction (d = .640, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.239, 1.041]). Results of this meta-analysis reported that participants in the parenting programs scored significantly lower on both bullying and victimization. Data from the randomized controlled trials and the pre- and posttest design studies showed evidence of highly significant effects of parenting interventions on bullying reduction. Child- and parent-related factors including parenting style, children's empathy, and parent-child interaction about bullying were found to be significantly related to the effectiveness of intervention programs. This study provides evidence to enhance policy and practice for effectively enabling parent involvement in bullying behavior reduction and to increase parent-children communication about bullying as well as parenting skills. Future researchers and practitioners may explore more about the impact of school-family partnerships and their reliance on each other to help reduce bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Chen
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Yuhong Zhu
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Sociology & Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wing Hong Chui
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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17
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Interpersonal transgressions and psychological loss: Understanding moral repair as dyadic, reciprocal, and interactionist. Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 44:7-11. [PMID: 34534843 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Following interpersonal transgressions, both victims and offenders can experience psychological loss owing to threatened needs for agency and moral-social identity. Moral repair is the process by which these losses are restored. Rather than involving only intraindividual static processes, research is starting to recognize that moral repair is dyadic, reciprocal, and interactionist. It involves the victim and offender coengaging with one another, reciprocally responding to the other's psychological needs, and coconstructing a shared understanding of what has occurred, their relationship, and a way forward. Each of these steps represents periods of vulnerability where the losses of a transgression can be repaired - or exacerbated.
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18
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Liu K, Chen W, Wang H, Geng J, Lei L. Parental phubbing linking to adolescent life satisfaction: The mediating role of relationship satisfaction and the moderating role of attachment styles. Child Care Health Dev 2021; 47:281-289. [PMID: 33314201 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental phubbing and its effects on adolescents have recently begun to attract concern. Previous studies have shown that parental phubbing was associated with emotional and behavioral problems among adolescents. However, much less is known about the association between parental phubbing and youth life satisfaction, let alone the mediating and moderating mechanisms. METHODS Self-reports of parental phubbing, satisfaction with the parent-adolescent relationship, life satisfaction, and attachment style were assessed in a sample of 303 Chinese teenagers (155 girls and 148 boys, Mage = 14.00, SDage = 0.86). Multiple regressions were applied to investigate the association between parental phubbing and adolescents' life satisfaction, the mediating role of adolescents' relationship satisfaction, and the moderating role of adolescents' attachment styles. RESULTS Parental phubbing had a negative effect on adolescents' life satisfaction, yet this association was completely mediated by adolescents' relationship satisfaction. Besides, the association between parental phubbing and adolescents' relationship satisfaction was moderated by adolescents' attachment styles. Overall, the conditional effect of parental phubbing on adolescents' life satisfaction was significant among the preoccupied teens and the fearful teens but not significant among the secure teens and the dismissing teens. CONCLUSION Although parental phubbing has the potential to undermine youth well-being, the actual consequences for adolescents are variable, depending on their attachment orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Teaching and Research Office of English, Fengqing NO.1 Middle School, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Geng
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Li Lei
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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19
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Adult Attachment, Conflict Resolution Style and Relationship Quality among Spanish Young-adult Couples. THE SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 24:e5. [PMID: 33541453 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2021.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The evidence of the interrelationships between adult attachment, conflict resolution style and relationship quality in couple relationships shows some inconsistencies and it is mostly based on English-speaking adult samples, as well as on individuals' rather than on both couple members' reports. Therefore, the aim was to examine the associations between adult attachment, conflict resolution style and relationship quality from a dyadic approach. A sample of 405 heterosexual young couples completed online the brief version of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised Questionnaire, the respondent version of the Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory, and a 4-item measure of relationship quality. Avoidance attachment showed a stronger negative correlation than anxiety with relationship quality. Withdrawal and conflict engagement styles were more highly correlated with avoidance and anxiety, respectively. At a dyadic level, relationship quality was negatively predicted by actor avoidance attachment and positively predicted by partner relationship quality. No actor or partner effects of conflict resolution style on relationship quality were observed. Overall, partners with higher attachment anxiety and avoidance reported more dysfunctional conflict resolution styles and less satisfaction with the relationship.
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20
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Reblin M, Vaughn AA, Birmingham WC, Smith TW, Uchino BN, Spahr CM. Complex assessment of relationship quality within dyads. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:2221-2237. [PMID: 32841384 PMCID: PMC7450490 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Higher quality relationships have been linked to improved outcomes; however, the measurement of relationship quality often ignores its complexity and the possibility of co-occurring positivity and negativity across different contexts. The goal of this study is to test the added benefit of including multiple dimensions, contexts, and perspectives of relationship quality from both individuals in predicting marital functioning. The Social Relationships Index assessed positive and negative dimensions of relationship quality under neutral, positive, and support-seeking contexts for 183 heterosexual married couples. Models showed that the inclusion of multiple dimensions of relationship quality across all three contexts improved prediction of marital functioning for both women and men. The use of multidimensional multicontextual relationship quality assessments is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Reblin
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Allison A Vaughn
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | | | - Timothy W Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Bert N Uchino
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Chandler M Spahr
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
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21
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Brugnera A, Zarbo C, Farina B, Picardi A, Greco A, Lo Coco G, Tasca GA, Carlucci S, Auteri A, Greco F, Compare A. Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Experience in Close Relationship Scale 12 (ECR-12): an exploratory structural equation modeling study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 22:392. [PMID: 32913809 PMCID: PMC7453162 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2019.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR) is one of the most commonly used self-report instruments of adult attachment and has been widely adopted in psychotherapy research. Composed of two subscales, namely Attachment Avoidance and Anxiety, the ECR was recently shortened to a 12-items version, called the ECR-12. Given the importance of extending knowledge on its applicability in understudied populations, our aim was to validate the ECR-12 in a large sample of Italian native-speakers. A total of 1197 participants (73.2% females; mean age=28.53±11.37 years) completed the ECR-12. Each participant also completed other measures of attachment, psychopathology, interpersonal distress, coping strategies, and well-being. An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling analysis showed an excellent fit of the data, providing support for the two-dimensional orthogonal structure of the ECR-12. In addition, the measurement model was invariant across genders. Both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance subscales demonstrated good internal reliability, with McDonald’s Omegas and Cronbach’s Alphas above the suggested 0.8 cut-off. Finally, the Italian version of ECR-12 showed adequate convergent, concurrent, and divergent validity. Highly anxious individuals reported the highest levels of maladaptive interpersonal functioning and coping strategies, resulting in lower well-being. Interestingly, both attachment insecurity dimensions predicted higher levels of psychopathology, even after controlling for demographic variables and levels of self-reported relational difficulties. Given the good psychometric properties of the ECR-12, researchers and practitioners in Italy are encouraged to adopt the ECR-12 in their future research on adult attachment in psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Brugnera
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Cristina Zarbo
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Benedetto Farina
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Greco
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Adalberto Auteri
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Compare
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
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22
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Willems YE, Finkenauer C, Kerkhof P. The role of disclosure in relationships. Curr Opin Psychol 2019; 31:33-37. [PMID: 31430615 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Self-disclosure happens between people and lies at the heart of almost all relationships. It elicits a dynamic process that shapes and is shaped by, relationships. We review theoretical and empirical milestones in our understanding of how and why disclosure develops, is maintained, and unravels in relationships. We show that people use their and their partners' disclosure to discern relationship quality and negotiate relationship development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayouk E Willems
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Catrin Finkenauer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Kerkhof
- Department of Communication Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Shulman S, Seiffge-Krenke I, Ziv I, Tuval-Mashiach R. Patterns of Romantic Pathways among 23 Year Olds and their Adolescent Antecedents. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 48:1390-1402. [PMID: 31093901 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Observation of the romantic lives of the majority of young people shows that they might move between transitory and inconsistent states, being in and out of a relationship. The present study aims to better understand the meaning of these fluctuations. For this purpose, and employing a multi-method design, 144 Israeli adolescents (59.7% females) were followed from age 16 to 23. At age 23 in-depth interviews were conducted with the participants, focusing on their romantic histories. Analyses of interviews at age 23 yielded four distinctive romantic pathways differing in stability and the ability to progress toward intimacy: Sporadic and Casual Encounters, Sporadic Encounters in Response to a Stressful Romantic Experience, Steady Non-Intimate Involvements, and Progression toward Steady Intimate Involvements. The findings showed that more than half of participants belonged to the Progression toward Steady Intimate Involvements pathway, suggesting that romantic fluctuations served as means to progress toward intimate involvements. Progression toward steady intimate involvement was explained by greater secure attachment, greater capacity to face tension and to express one's views, and greater parental support measured seven years earlier. In contrast, lower earlier intra- and interpersonal assets during adolescence were more likely to associate with a variety of romantic experiences during emerging adulthood that are characterized by romantic instabilities and difficulty to progress toward intimacy. The findings are discussed within the framework of the Developmental Systems Theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Shulman
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. .,Department of Psychology, College of Management, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
| | | | - Ido Ziv
- Department of Psychology, College of Management, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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