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Xia M, Coffey JK, Fosco GM. Daily dynamics of feeling loved by parents and their prospective implications for adolescent flourishing. Dev Sci 2024:e13495. [PMID: 38450811 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Feeling loved by one's caregiver is essential for individual flourishing (i.e., high levels of psychological well-being in multiple dimensions). Although similar constructs are found to benefit adolescent well-being, research that directly tests parental love as a feeling from the recipient's perspective is rare. Historically, parental love has been measured using single-assessment methods and assumed to be a stable, trait-like characteristic; yet, like any feeling, it may fluctuate in meaningful ways on a day-to-day basis-the implications of which are unknown. Using a sample of 150 adolescents (59.3% female; ages 14-16), this study estimated level (person's mean level across days) and instability (fluctuations across days) of feeling loved by a caregiver across 21 days for each adolescent, and then examined their prospective effects on adolescent flourishing 1 year later. After controlling for demographics (adolescent age, gender, family income, and parent's sex) and variable baseline levels, feeling more loved by one's caregiver in daily life significantly predicted higher levels of flourishing in two global measures 1 year later. Moreover, level and instability of feeling loved by one's caregiver played different roles for different dimensions of flourishing: higher levels significantly predicted higher levels of autonomy, purpose in life, and personal growth, whereas higher instability significantly predicted lower levels of positive relations with others and environmental mastery. Findings emphasized the importance of considering daily dynamics of feeling loved by one's caregiver and demonstrated that level (of feeling loved) is particularly important for intrapersonal aspects while instability is particularly important for interpersonal aspects of flourishing. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Adolescents feeling more loved by their caregiver in daily life had higher levels of overall flourishing 1 year later. Level (of feeling loved) is particularly important for intrapersonal aspects of adolescent flourishing, including autonomy, purpose in life, and personal growth. Stability (of feeling loved) is particularly important for interpersonal aspects of adolescent flourishing, including positive relations with others and environmental mastery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Xia
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - John K Coffey
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Gregory M Fosco
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Gorla L, Rothenberg WA, Lansford JE, Bacchini D, Bornstein MH, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K, Di Giunta L, Dodge KA, Gurdal S, Junla D, Liu Q, Long Q, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Skinner AT, Sorbring E, Steinberg L, Tirado LMU, Yotanyamaneewong S, Alampay LP, Al-Hassan SM. Adolescents' relationships with parents and romantic partners in eight countries. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 38351616 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Creating romantic relationships characterized by high-quality, satisfaction, few conflicts, and reasoning strategies to handle conflicts is an important developmental task for adolescents connected to the relational models they receive from their parents. This study examines how parent-adolescent conflicts, attachment, positive parenting, and communication are related to adolescents' romantic relationship quality, satisfaction, conflicts, and management. METHOD We interviewed 311 adolescents at two time points (females = 52%, ages 15 and 17) in eight countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). Generalized and linear mixed models were run considering the participants' nesting within countries. RESULTS Adolescents with negative conflicts with their parents reported low romantic relationship quality and satisfaction and high conflicts with their romantic partners. Adolescents experiencing an anxious attachment to their parents reported low romantic relationship quality, while adolescents with positive parenting showed high romantic relationship satisfaction. However, no association between parent-adolescent relationships and conflict management skills involving reasoning with the partner was found. No associations of parent-adolescent communication with romantic relationship dimensions emerged, nor was there any effect of the country on romantic relationship quality or satisfaction. CONCLUSION These results stress the relevance of parent-adolescent conflicts and attachment as factors connected to how adolescents experience romantic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marc H Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK
- UNICEF, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qin Liu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Long
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Laurence Steinberg
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Suha M Al-Hassan
- Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Dahill LM, Morrison NMV, Touyz S, Mitchison D, Bussey K, Mannan H, Hay P. An exploration of how adolescents experience and reason their parents' comments on their weight, shape, and eating. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1488-1504. [PMID: 37464918 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disordered eating among adolescents is of increasing concern given associated physical and mental health sequelae. Cognitions underlying disordered eating are formed in childhood and adolescence. Parents are a significant presence during this period, so it is critical to understand how they influence their adolescent's eating cognitions and behaviors. METHODS Qualitative analysis using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) methodology was employed to consider the lived experiences of 10 Australian adolescents (14-19 years), 60% female, as they engaged with their parents in a range of weight, shape, and eating communications. RESULTS Our inductive IPA revealed three key themes representing adolescents' experiences and meaning-making: Parents as Influencers-adolescents acknowledged parents are influencers (objects) within a wider context of community and cultural norms (symbols) and can be protective for peer influence on body image ideals; Expression and Perception-the "what" (weight-talk as an object) and the "how" (objects as independent influences) of gendered parental communication related to health and fitness ideals and illustrated diverse interpretations of both verbal and non-verbal expression; and Fertile Soil and Maturity-the adolescent's characteristics and context influence perceptions of communication, a fear of deviating from norms, and an overarching focus on being "healthy" yet not always knowing what that was. Perception of bidirectional communication also offered valuable insights into potential dangers through family loyalty and in-group permissions. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight implications for the nuanced influence of parental communication and illustrate the pivotal role of parents within the bioecosystem of adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M Dahill
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie M V Morrison
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Touyz
- University of Sydney Inside Out, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah Mitchison
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kay Bussey
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Haider Mannan
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
- South West Sydney Local Health District, Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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Jones B, Durtschi J, Keilholtz B. Maternal engagement, relational closeness, and adolescent internalizing symptoms: The association of engaged mothering with adolescent depression and anxiety. J Marital Fam Ther 2023; 49:861-878. [PMID: 37582343 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence rates of anxiety and depression have increased among adolescents in recent years. The etiology of these internalizing symptoms is complex, but mothers can play a role in the mental health of their adolescent children. Using data from Year 15 of the fragile families and child well-being study, we analyzed associations between adolescent-reported maternal engagement, mother-adolescent relationship closeness, and adolescent depression and anxiety in a sample of 3146 mother-adolescent dyads. Using structural equation modeling, the four areas of engagement, closeness, anxiety, and depression were all modeled as latent variables to test the associations between these constructs. Higher levels of maternal engagement were significantly associated with higher levels of closeness between mother and adolescent, and higher levels of closeness were significantly associated with adolescents' lower levels of both depression and anxiety. Bootstrapped indirect effects were identified. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jones
- University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Brooke Keilholtz
- Kansas State University Couple and Family Therapy program and a Current Clinician, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Moroń M, Jach Ł, Atłas K, Moroń R. Parental and Pandemic Burnout, Internalizing Symptoms, and Parent-Adolescent Relationships: A Network Analysis. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2023; 45:428-443. [PMCID: PMC10010964 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-023-10036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and preventive measures undertaken by many governments have had a significant impact on family relationships, which could result in worsened parenting. In our study, we used network analysis to examine the dynamic system of parental and pandemic burnout, depression, anxiety, and three dimensions of relationship with an adolescent: connectedness, shared activities, and hostility. Parents (N = 374; Mage = 42.9) of at least one child at the age of adolescence completed an online survey. The central symptoms in the network were parental emotional exhaustion and parental anxiety. Parental emotional exhaustion correlated negatively with activities shared with the adolescent, but positively with hostility. Anxiety correlated positively with parental emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion and anxiety were the strongest bridge symptoms between parental burnout, internalizing symptoms, and parenting. Our results suggest that psychological interventions supporting parent-adolescent relationships should address primarily parental emotional exhaustion and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Moroń
- Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 53 Grażyńskiego Street, Katowice, 43-126 Poland
| | - Łukasz Jach
- Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 53 Grażyńskiego Street, Katowice, 43-126 Poland
| | - Karina Atłas
- Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 53 Grażyńskiego Street, Katowice, 43-126 Poland
| | - Rafał Moroń
- Primary School, No. 14 Wisława Szymborska in Rybnik, Rybnik, Poland
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Chen BB, Shen M, Jin S, French DC. Chinese adolescents' positive relationships with parents: The effects of the sex of their younger sibling. Psych J 2022; 11:460-469. [PMID: 35676080 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how sibling status and sex of younger siblings influence Chinese adolescents' relationships with their fathers and mothers as a function of resource dilution and preference for sons. The sample included 1,093 adolescents from the 8th grade (Mage = 13.96 years, SD = 0.75 years; 47% girls) and the 11th grade (Mage = 17.25 years, SD = 0.74 years; 57% girls) in a longitudinal study. Consistent with expectations pertaining to the hypothesis of resource dilution and son preference in combination, girls with a younger brother reported less positive relationships with mothers than either singleton girls or girls with a younger sister. No significant difference was found between singleton boys and boys with a younger sibling. The current findings show implications that the resource-dilution theory and son preference culture together may place girls with a younger brother in an unfavorable condition of resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Chen
- Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqian Shen
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Shenghua Jin
- Institute of Psychological and Cognitive Science, Fuzhou University, Fujian province, China
| | - Doran C French
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Han CS, Brussoni MJ, Mâsse LC. Parental Autonomy Support in the Context of Parent-Child Negotiation for Children's Independent Mobility: 'I Always Feel Safer With My Parents' to 'Boom! Bust Down Those Walls!'. J Early Adolesc 2022; 42:737-764. [PMID: 35559208 PMCID: PMC9082966 DOI: 10.1177/02724316211064513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autonomy - acting volitionally with a sense of choice - is a crucial right for children. Given parents' pivotal position in their child's autonomy development, we examined how parental autonomy support and children's need for autonomy were negotiated and manifested in the context of children's independent mobility - children's ability to play, walk or cycle unsupervised. We interviewed 105 Canadian children between 10 and 13-years-old and their parents (n = 135) to examine child-parents' negotiation patterns as to children's independent mobility. Four patterns emerged, varying on parental autonomy support and children's need/motivation for independent mobility: (1) child/parent dyad wants to increase independent mobility; (2) child only wants to increase independent mobility while parents do not; (3) child does not want to increase independent mobility while parents do; and (4) child/parent dyad does not want to increase independent mobility. Findings illuminate the importance of recognizing children as active and capable agents of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Han
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia; British Columbia Injury Research & Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mariana J Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia; British Columbia Injury Research & Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Louise C Mâsse
- School of Population and Public Health, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Hussong AM, Midgette AJ, Richards AN, Petrie RC, Coffman JL, Thomas TE. COVID-19 Life Events Spill-Over on Family Functioning and Adolescent Adjustment. J Early Adolesc 2022; 42:359-388. [PMID: 35177875 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-90361/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We examined US parent and youth perceptions of how life events, both positive and negative, associated with COVID-19 resulted in changes in family and youth functioning. Families (n = 105, 80% white, 48% male, and 87% mothers) completed surveys during the pandemic (May to July 2020) and 3 years prior (for youth ages M = 10.6, SD = 1.17 and M = 13.6, SD = 1.19). Declines in youth, though not parent, report of open family communication, parental support, and family satisfaction were found. Declines were associated with various domains of pandemic-related stress in parent report, though positive life events served as buffers. Pre-pandemic family functioning also predicted pandemic stress. Spillover effects in turn impacted youth functioning. The current findings shed light on how experiences of the pandemic are linked with family functioning and have implications for how to support families during this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Hussong
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Rachel C Petrie
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Taylor E Thomas
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Hussong AM, Midgette AJ, Richards AN, Petrie RC, Coffman JL, Thomas TE. COVID-19 Life Events Spill-Over on Family Functioning and Adolescent Adjustment. J Early Adolesc 2022; 42:359-388. [PMID: 35177875 PMCID: PMC8846419 DOI: 10.1177/02724316211036744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined US parent and youth perceptions of how life events, both positive and negative, associated with COVID-19 resulted in changes in family and youth functioning. Families (n = 105, 80% white, 48% male, and 87% mothers) completed surveys during the pandemic (May to July 2020) and 3 years prior (for youth ages M = 10.6, SD = 1.17 and M = 13.6, SD = 1.19). Declines in youth, though not parent, report of open family communication, parental support, and family satisfaction were found. Declines were associated with various domains of pandemic-related stress in parent report, though positive life events served as buffers. Pre-pandemic family functioning also predicted pandemic stress. Spillover effects in turn impacted youth functioning. The current findings shed light on how experiences of the pandemic are linked with family functioning and have implications for how to support families during this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Hussong
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Andrea M Hussong, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270 Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA.
| | | | | | - Rachel C. Petrie
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Taylor E. Thomas
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Shi X, Campione-Barr N. The Effects of Parenting and Temperament Similarity Among Adolescent Siblings on Positive Family Relationships. Front Psychol 2021; 12:702000. [PMID: 34393941 PMCID: PMC8355491 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.702000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effects of parental differential treatment have been shown in previous research, but fewer researchers have pointed out that differential treatment does not always lead to negative outcomes. Thus, the present study examines the role of temperament similarity on the association between parenting similarity and positive family relationship qualities over 1 year in 145 adolescent sibling dyads (Mfirst−born = 14.97 and SD = 1.68 years; Msecond−born = 12.20 and SD = 1.92 years). Latent moderator structure models (LMS) showed that a higher level of parenting similarity was related to more positive family relationships when siblings were more similar in their temperaments; however, a lower level of parenting similarity was related to more positive relationship qualities with family members 1 year later in the context of less sibling temperament similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Shi
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Marxism, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nicole Campione-Barr
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Liu K, Chen W, Wang H, Geng J, Lei L. Parental phubbing linking to adolescent life satisfaction: The mediating role of relationship satisfaction and the moderating role of attachment styles. Child Care Health Dev 2021; 47:281-289. [PMID: 33314201 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental phubbing and its effects on adolescents have recently begun to attract concern. Previous studies have shown that parental phubbing was associated with emotional and behavioral problems among adolescents. However, much less is known about the association between parental phubbing and youth life satisfaction, let alone the mediating and moderating mechanisms. METHODS Self-reports of parental phubbing, satisfaction with the parent-adolescent relationship, life satisfaction, and attachment style were assessed in a sample of 303 Chinese teenagers (155 girls and 148 boys, Mage = 14.00, SDage = 0.86). Multiple regressions were applied to investigate the association between parental phubbing and adolescents' life satisfaction, the mediating role of adolescents' relationship satisfaction, and the moderating role of adolescents' attachment styles. RESULTS Parental phubbing had a negative effect on adolescents' life satisfaction, yet this association was completely mediated by adolescents' relationship satisfaction. Besides, the association between parental phubbing and adolescents' relationship satisfaction was moderated by adolescents' attachment styles. Overall, the conditional effect of parental phubbing on adolescents' life satisfaction was significant among the preoccupied teens and the fearful teens but not significant among the secure teens and the dismissing teens. CONCLUSION Although parental phubbing has the potential to undermine youth well-being, the actual consequences for adolescents are variable, depending on their attachment orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Teaching and Research Office of English, Fengqing NO.1 Middle School, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Geng
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Li Lei
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Fosco GM, LoBraico EJ. Elaborating on premature adolescent autonomy: Linking variation in daily family processes to developmental risk. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1741-55. [PMID: 31455441 DOI: 10.1017/S0954579419001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study revisits the premature autonomy model by examining parents' use of positive behavior support (PBS) practices on a daily timescale to better understand underlying processes in developmental changes in family disengagement and the implications for adolescent problem behavior and substance use. This study included 151 9th and 10th grade adolescents (61.5% female) and their caregivers, who participated in a baseline assessment, a 21-day daily diary burst, and a 1-year follow-up assessment. Four key findings emerged: (a) on days when parents used more PBS, adolescents felt more close and connected to their caregivers; (b) adolescents who exhibited a larger-magnitude of change in connectedness with caregivers in relation to variation in positive parenting (termed fragile connectedness) were at higher risk for antisocial behavior, deviant peer involvement, and substance use one year later; (c) individual differences in initial levels of antisocial behavior and effortful control accounted for between-person variation in fragile connectedness; and (d) day-level adolescent anger and parent-adolescent conflict predicted within-family variation in parents' use of PBS. Implications for the premature autonomy model and intervention science are discussed.
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Fosco GM, Mak HW, Ramos A, LoBraico E, Lippold M. Exploring the promise of assessing dynamic characteristics of the family for predicting adolescent risk outcomes. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:848-856. [PMID: 30933353 PMCID: PMC8778977 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family-based assessments of risk factors for adolescent emotional, behavioral, and substance use problems can be used to identify adolescents who are at risk and intervene before problems cause clinically significant impairment. Expanding traditional methods for assessing risk, this study evaluates whether lability, referring to the degree to which parent-adolescent relationships and parenting fluctuate from day to day, might offer additional value to assessment protocols aimed at identifying precursor risk factors. METHODS This study sampled 151 adolescents and caregivers, collecting data at a baseline assessment, a 21-day daily diary protocol, and a 12-month follow-up assessment. Daily diary data were used to calculate within-family lability scores in parenting practices, parent-adolescent connectedness, and parent-adolescent conflict. RESULTS Regression analyses evaluated whether lability predicted adolescent's depression, anxiety, antisocial behavior (ASB), drunkenness, and marijuana use at 12-month follow-up. Lability in parent-adolescent connectedness, accounting for baseline levels, gender, age, and initial levels of outcomes, was associated with risk for depression, anxiety, ASB, drunkenness, and marijuana use. Lability in parenting practices also was associated with risk for depression, anxiety, and drunkenness. Baseline levels moderated some of these effects. Parent-adolescent conflict lability was only associated with depression. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence for substantial value added when including dynamic assessments of family lability in predicting long-term adolescent risk outcomes and call for integration of dynamic methods into assessment practices.
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Picci G, Griffin AM, Reiss D, Neiderhiser JM. Parent-adolescent conflict and young adult romantic relationship negativity: Genetic and environmental influences. J Fam Psychol 2019; 33:34-43. [PMID: 30475004 PMCID: PMC6355366 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Prior work indicates that aspects of interpersonal relationships are heritable, including negativity within parent-adolescent relationships as well as romantic relationships during adulthood. There have not, however, been systematic studies to disentangle genetic and environmental influences on relationship dynamics with parents as they relate to romantic partner relationship dynamics. Thus, the present study examined genetic and environmental influences on associations between parent-adolescent conflict and young adult reports of negativity with a romantic partner using a longitudinal twin/sibling design. We found that genetic, shared, and nonshared environmental factors contributed to conflict in parent-adolescent relationships and that genetic and nonshared environmental factors uniquely contributed to negativity in the romantic partnership during young adulthood. The longitudinal association between parent-adolescent conflict and romantic relationship conflict was explained entirely by genetic influences shared by the 2 constructs. These findings have implications for understanding interpersonal functioning across different relationship types, spanning multiple developmental periods. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Picci
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Amanda M. Griffin
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon
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Garbacz SA, Zerr AA, Dishion TJ, Seeley JR, Stormshak EA. Parent Educational Involvement in Middle School: Longitudinal Influences on Student Outcomes. J Early Adolesc 2018; 38:629-660. [PMID: 29731534 PMCID: PMC5931399 DOI: 10.1177/0272431616687670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined influences of 6th grade student-reported parent educational involvement on early adolescent peer group affiliations at 7th and 8th grade. In addition, student gender and ethnicity were explored as possible moderators. Drawn from a large effectiveness trial, participants in this study were 5,802 early adolescents across twenty middle schools in the Northwest region of the United States. Findings suggested that specifically parent's educational involvement in 6th grade predicted increases in positive peer affiliation, when controlling for a general score of parent monitoring practices. The relation between parent educational involvement and peer affiliation varied by student ethnicity but not by gender. Findings suggest the social benefits of parent's engagement with the school context on early adolescent development.
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Abstract
This study investigated cultural meanings of positive Chinese parent-child relationships through exploration of an indigenous concept, qin, as experienced by Chinese American adolescents of immigrant parents. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15, first- and second-generation Chinese American high school students of immigrant parents, focusing on adolescents' descriptions of the meaning of qin and parental behaviors that foster this quality. According to the Chinese American adolescents who were interviewed, being qin with parents was characterized as closeness to parents and a general sense of togetherness and harmony; showing parents their love through respect, obedience, academic effort, and appreciation; and open communication with the parents particularly about school. This relationship is primarily fostered by parental devotion and sacrifice, particularly for the child's education, future opportunities, success, and needs. The results highlight the role of child reciprocation of love and devotion for the parents in a qin relationship.
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Stone LB, Silk JS, Oppenheimer CW, Allen KB, Waller JM, Dahl RE. Linking Maternal Socialization of Emotion Regulation to Adolescents' Co-rumination With Peers. J Early Adolesc 2017; 37:1341-1355. [PMID: 29307952 PMCID: PMC5754022 DOI: 10.1177/0272431616659558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mounting research supports that co-rumination, the tendency to seek peer support by engaging in extensive negatively focused discussion, is a risk factor for adolescent psychopathology. It is unclear, though, how this interpersonal tendency develops. Parental responses to adolescents' negative affect likely shape how youth utilize peer relationships to regulate distress, as they shift to reliance on peer support during this developmental stage. For example, nonsupportive parental responses may fail to instill healthy regulation strategies, resulting in ineffective forms of peer support, such as co-rumination. Conversely, high levels of supportive parental responses to adolescents' negative affect may motivate youth to also express more negative affect with peers, leading to co-rumination. Eighty-nine healthy adolescents (9-17) and their mothers completed surveys and a support-seeking interaction. Only supportive maternal responses, including maternal affection, were associated with adolescents' co-rumination. These analyses indicate that some forms of parental support are associated with adolescents' tendency to co-ruminate.
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Ehrlich KB, Hoyt LT, Sumner JA, McDade TW, Adam EK. Quality of relationships with parents and friends in adolescence predicts metabolic risk in young adulthood. Health Psychol 2015; 34:896-904. [PMID: 25689301 PMCID: PMC4537843 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to examine whether family and peer relationships in adolescence predict the emergence of metabolic risk factors in young adulthood. METHOD Participants from a large, nationally representative cohort study (N = 11,617 for these analyses) reported on their relationship experiences with parents and close friends during adolescence. Fourteen years later, interviewers collected blood samples, as well as anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Blood samples were analyzed for HbA1c. RESULTS Ordered logistic regressions revealed that for females, supportive parent-child relationships and close male friendships in adolescence were associated with reduced odds of having elevated metabolic risk markers in young adulthood. These effects remained significant even after controlling for baseline measures of body mass index (BMI) and health and demographic covariates. The protective effects of close relationships were not significant for males, however. Exploratory analyses with 2-parent families revealed that supportive father-child relationships were especially protective for females. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, for females, close and supportive relationships with parents and male friends in adolescence may reduce the risk of metabolic dysregulation in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B. Ehrlich
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
| | - Lindsay T. Hoyt
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health and Society Scholar at University of California, San Francisco and Berkeley
| | - Jennifer A. Sumner
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
| | - Thomas W. McDade
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
| | - Emma K. Adam
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
- Program on Human Development and Social Policy, School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University
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Abstract
This study explored trajectories of African American youths' academic functioning and assessed whether changes in parent-adolescent relationships were associated with changes in youths' academic functioning. The data were drawn from a three-year longitudinal study of gender socialization and development in two-parent African American families and included 197 families. Findings revealed gender differences in achievement trajectories and indicated that boys not only had lower levels of academic achievement compared to girls, but also experienced steeper declines in school self-esteem during adolescence. Changes in parent-adolescent relationship quality were linked to changes in academic functioning: Increases in conflict were related to decreases in GPA, school bonding, and school self-esteem and increases in warmth were related to increases in school bonding and school self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryn M. Dotterer
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 1200 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Katie Lowe
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 1200 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Susan M. McHale
- Director, Social Science Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, 114 Henderson (North), University Park, PA 16802
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined how weight concerns changed across adolescence and whether within-person changes in parent-adolescent relationships were longitudinally linked to within-person changes in adolescent weight concerns. METHOD Participants were mothers, fathers, and the two eldest adolescent siblings from 201 families. Adolescents rated their weight concerns on five occasions across 7 years. Parents rated their acceptance of and conflict with their adolescents, and adolescents rated their depressive symptoms, a year prior to each weight concern measurement. RESULTS Although girls' weight concerns increased from early to late adolescence and then leveled off, boys' weight concerns remained relatively unchanged. Moreover, controlling for adolescents' depressive symptoms, when mothers reported less acceptance of and fathers reported more conflict with their adolescents than usual, adolescents reported more weight concerns than usual in the following year. DISCUSSION Findings highlight the vulnerability of adolescents and the role of both mothers and fathers in the etiology of weight-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Bun Lam
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Susan M. McHale
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, 210 South Henderson Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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Furman W, Winkles JK. Predicting romantic involvement, relationship cognitions, and relationship qualities from physical appearance, perceived norms, and relational styles regarding friends and parents. J Adolesc 2010; 33:827-36. [PMID: 20800891 PMCID: PMC2976838 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 02/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Using a sample of 199 adolescents, the present study examined Furman and Wehner's (1999) hypothesis that the predictors of the degree of romantic involvement and the predictors of romantic relationship cognitions and qualities differ. As hypothesized, physical appearance and friends' normative romantic involvement were related to the degree of casual and serious romantic involvement, whereas relational styles regarding friends and parents were unrelated in almost all cases. On the other hand, relational styles regarding friends and parents were related to supportive and negative romantic interactions and romantic styles. In contrast, physical appearance and friends' normative romantic involvement were generally unrelated to interactions and romantic styles. Physical appearance was also related to romantic appeal and satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyndol Furman
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80209, United States.
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