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Pickering T, Wright B, MacMahon C. Fatigued or bored? Investigating the effect of different types of mental fatigue on 3 km running performance. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 74:102687. [PMID: 38897333 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Mental fatigue has been highly cited as having a negative impact on endurance performance. Few, however, have investigated whether different types of mental fatigue, namely active and passive fatigue, might affect endurance performance differently. This study used a repeated-measures design where 11 participants completed a 3 km run after three 32-min conditions: an actively fatiguing task (Task-load Dual-back; TloadDback); a passively fatiguing task (Mackworth Clock); and a control task (Documentary). Subjective ratings and performance on a second task (Flanker task) were taken before and after the 32-min tasks, while ratings of perceived effort, motivation and workload were taken during the 3 km run. Results showed that both fatigue conditions were mentally fatiguing, with the TloadDback rated as more demanding and the Mackworth Clock more boring and less motivating. Performance on subsequent tasks showed different effects: the TloadDback condition had the slowest responses on the post-test Flanker task, while the Mackworth Clock condition had the slowest completion time on the 3 km run, though this difference in completion times was non-significant. These results suggest that different cognitive tasks lead to different types of mental fatigue, which can lead to different outcomes on subsequent cognitive tasks but non-significant differences on subsequent physical tasks. This study highlights that to understand the influence of mental fatigue on physical performance, it is important to understand the cognitive tasks used and how different cognitive and physical tasks interact. Future work should examine whether performance outcomes in other areas commonly affected by mental fatigue, like technical and tactical sporting skills, are affected differently by active and passive fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Pickering
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, La Trobe University, Australia.
| | - Bradley Wright
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Clare MacMahon
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, La Trobe University, Australia
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2
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Mahdavi N, Tapak L, Darvishi E, Doosti-Irani A, Shafiee Motlagh M. Unraveling the interplay between mental workload, occupational fatigue, physiological responses and cognitive performance in office workers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17866. [PMID: 39090219 PMCID: PMC11294527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, cognitive demands in workplaces have surged significantly. This study explored the intricate relationship among mental workload (MWL), occupational fatigue, physiological responses, and cognitive performance in office workers by using collective semi-parametric models. One hundred office workers were selected from twenty offices involved in cognitive performance. MWL was assessed through the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), and occupational fatigue was measured using the Persian version of the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory. Physiological responses, including respiratory rate, the electrical conductivity of the skin (ECS), Heart Rate (HR), and other heart-related parameters, were recorded from the participants during a work shift. Selective and Divided Attention tests were chosen to evaluate workers' cognitive function based on cognitive task analysis. The mean of MWL and occupational fatigue scores were 66.28 ± 11.76 and 1.62 ± 1.07, respectively. There was a significant moderate correlation between two dimensions, mental demand (0.429) and frustration (0.409), with functional fatigue. Also, Significant and, of course, nonlinear relationships were observed between MWL and HR (R2 = 0.44, P-value < 0.001) and ECS (R2 = 0.45, P-value < 0.001) and reaction time in selected (R2 = 0.34, P-value < 0.001) and divided test (R2 = 0.48, P-value < 0.001). Similarly, nonlinear relationships were observed between physiological responses and cognitive performance with fatigue among participants who had experienced higher levels of occupational fatigue. The MWL and fatigue seem to have a significant and non-linear effect on physiological parameters such as HR and ECS and cognitive parameters such as reaction time. Moreover, MWL can influence the dimension of functional fatigue of workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Mahdavi
- Department of Ergonomics, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 65175-4171, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leili Tapak
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Darvishi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amin Doosti-Irani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoud Shafiee Motlagh
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 65175-4171, Hamadan, Iran.
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Charonitis M, Requier F, Guillemin C, Reyt M, Folville A, Geurten M, Bastin C, Willems S, Muto V, Schmidt C, Collette F. The Influence of Changes in Daily Life Habits and Well-Being on Fatigue Level During COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychol Belg 2024; 64:85-107. [PMID: 39035472 PMCID: PMC11259104 DOI: 10.5334/pb.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its lockdown in March 2020 have led to changes in lifestyle and increased levels of anxiety, depression, and fatigue. This survey examined a number of factors (anxiety state, sleep quality, daily activities, mental load, work-related variables) influencing mental and physical fatigue during lockdown and how these relations have evolved one year later. A cohort of 430 workers and 124 retirees were recruited in April-May 2020 (lockdown period, data set 1), and a subsample (133 workers and 40 retirees) completed the same questionnaire in April-May 2021 (data set 2). Linear regression models showed a significant subjective increase in both physical and mental fatigue in both worker and retiree groups during lockdown, and a supplementary increase in physical fatigue and anxiety level in spring 2021 compared to the lockdown period. During lockdown, anxiety level, concerns about COVID-19, work flexibility, mental load, and sleep metrics were associated with the evolution of fatigue among workers. For retirees, only anxiety and physical activity levels were linked to changes in physical fatigue. In April-May 2021, the only associations which remained significant were those in workers between fatigue and anxiety level and workload. These findings suggest that the increased fatigue levels during the lockdown are likely due to the swift and significant changes in daily routines (such as sleep patterns and work dynamics) and psychological states (including increased anxiety and concerns) prompted by the sanitary crisis. On the other hand, the increase in fatigue observed one year after the beginning of the pandemic seems to result from more psychological factors associated with the health situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Charonitis
- GIGA-CRC Human Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Florence Requier
- GIGA-CRC Human Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Camille Guillemin
- GIGA-CRC Human Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Reyt
- GIGA-CRC Human Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Adrien Folville
- GIGA-CRC Human Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Geurten
- Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Bastin
- GIGA-CRC Human Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Willems
- Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincenzo Muto
- GIGA-CRC Human Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christina Schmidt
- GIGA-CRC Human Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Collette
- GIGA-CRC Human Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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De Wachter J, Roose M, Proost M, Habay J, Verstraelen M, De Bock S, De Pauw K, Meeusen R, Van Cutsem J, Roelands B. Prefrontal cortex oxygenation during a mentally fatiguing task in normoxia and hypoxia. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:1807-1819. [PMID: 38839618 PMCID: PMC11208267 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Mental fatigue (MF) and hypoxia impair cognitive performance through changes in brain hemodynamics. We want to elucidate the role of prefrontal cortex (PFC)-oxygenation in MF. Twelve participants (22.9 ± 3.5 years) completed four experimental trials, (1) MF in (normobaric) hypoxia (MF_HYP) (3.800 m; 13.5%O2), (2) MF in normoxia (MF_NOR) (98 m; 21.0%O2), (3) Control task in HYP (CON_HYP), (4) Control in NOR (CON_NOR). Participants performed a 2-back task, Digit Symbol Substitution test and Psychomotor Vigilance task before and after a 60-min Stroop task or an emotionally neutral documentary. Brain oxygenation was measured through functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Subjective feelings of MF and physiological measures (heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood glucose and hemoglobin) were recorded. The Stroop task resulted in increased subjective feelings of MF compared to watching the documentary. 2-back accuracy was lower post task compared to pre task in MF_NOR and CON_NOR, while no differences were found in the other cognitive tasks. The fraction of inspired oxygen did not impact feelings of MF. Although performing the Stroop resulted in higher subjective feelings of MF, hypoxia had no effect on the severity of self-reported MF. Additionally, this study could not provide evidence for a role of oxygenation of the PFC in the build-up of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas De Wachter
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manon Roose
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Proost
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jelle Habay
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Verstraelen
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sander De Bock
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin De Pauw
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romain Meeusen
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Cutsem
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- VIPER Research Unit, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Roelands
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Al-Nemr A. Synergistic effect of functional strength training and cognitive intervention on gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2024; 13:246-255. [PMID: 36571210 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2022.2159408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral palsy (CP) is a posture and movement disorder, however; it often includes disturbance of different aspects of cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate if combined functional strength training (FST) and cognitive intervention are more effective than either of them alone on gross motor function in children with spastic diplegic CP. METHODS Sixty-four children with spastic diplegic CP, with ages ranging from 8 to 12 years, were assigned randomly into four treatment groups; Group I; FST, group II; cognitive training, group III; combined FST and cognitive training, group IV; conventional physical therapy. The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) was used to assess gross motor function at baseline, post-treatment, and 6 months follow-up. RESULTS Group III achieved a significant improvement in GMFM-88 when compared to other groups post-treatment and at follow-up. CONCLUSION This study suggests that combined lower limb FST and cognitive intervention had the potential to produce significantly more favorable effects than the single use of either of them on gross motor function in children with spastic diplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Al-Nemr
- Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ryu H, Ju U, Wallraven C. Decoding visual fatigue in a visual search task selectively manipulated via myopia-correcting lenses. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1307688. [PMID: 38660218 PMCID: PMC11039808 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1307688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Visual fatigue resulting from sustained, high-workload visual activities can significantly impact task performance and general wellbeing. So far, however, little is known about the underlying brain networks of visual fatigue. This study aimed to identify such potential networks using a unique paradigm involving myopia-correcting lenses known to directly modulate subjectively-perceived fatigue levels. Methods A sample of N = 31 myopia participants [right eye-SE: -3.77D (SD: 2.46); left eye-SE: -3.75D (SD: 2.45)] performed a demanding visual search task with varying difficulty levels, both with and without the lenses, while undergoing fMRI scanning. There were a total of 20 trials, after each of which participants rated the perceived difficulty and their subjective visual fatigue level. We used representational similarity analysis to decode brain regions associated with fatigue and difficulty, analyzing their individual and joint decoding pattern. Results and discussion Behavioral results showed correlations between fatigue and difficulty ratings and above all a significant reduction in fatigue levels when wearing the lenses. Imaging results implicated the cuneus, lingual gyrus, middle occipital gyrus (MOG), and declive for joint fatigue and difficulty decoding. Parts of the lingual gyrus were able to selectively decode perceived difficulty. Importantly, a broader network of visual and higher-level association areas showed exclusive decodability of fatigue (culmen, middle temporal gyrus (MTG), parahippocampal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and precuneus). Our findings enhance our understanding of processing within the context of visual search, attention, and mental workload and for the first time demonstrate that it is possible to decode subjectively-perceived visual fatigue during a challenging task from imaging data. Furthermore, the study underscores the potential of myopia-correcting lenses in investigating and modulating fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongsuk Ryu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Uijong Ju
- Department of Information Display, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Wallraven
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Peters KJ, Maslovat D, Carlsen AN. Visual perceptual processing is unaffected by cognitive fatigue. Conscious Cogn 2024; 119:103666. [PMID: 38387139 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive fatigue (CF) can lead to an increase in the latency of simple reaction time, although the processes involved in this delay are unknown. One potential explanation is that a longer time may be required for sensory processing of relevant stimuli. To investigate this possibility, the current study used a visual inspection time task to measure perceptual processing speed before and after a CF (math and memory) or non-fatiguing (documentary film) intervention. Subjective fatigue and simple reaction time significantly increased following the CF, but not the non-fatiguing intervention, confirming that CF was induced. Conversely, there was no effect of CF on inspection time task performance. It was therefore concluded that the speed of perceptual processing is not significantly impacted by CF, and thus is unlikely to underlie CF-related reaction time increases. Instead, increases in simple reaction time latency in CF may be due to delays in response preparation or initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J Peters
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Dana Maslovat
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Anthony N Carlsen
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Floman JL, Ponnock A, Jain J, Brackett MA. Emotionally intelligent school leadership predicts educator well-being before and during a crisis. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1159382. [PMID: 38425349 PMCID: PMC10903540 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1159382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined the role of educator perceptions of school leader emotion regulation (ER) and emotional support (ES) in educator well-being during a typical year and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on emotion contagion theory, leaders' (in)ability to regulate their own emotions may trigger ripple effects of positive or negative emotions throughout their organizations, impacting staff well-being. Additionally, based on conservation of resources theory, when experiencing psychologically taxing events, skillful emotional support provided by leaders may help to replenish staff's depleted psychological resources, promoting staff well-being. In two national studies, a cross-sectional (NStudy 1 = 4,847) and a two-wave study (NStudy 2 = 2,749), we tested the association between United States preK-12 educator perceptions of school leaders' ER and ES with educator well-being before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, employing structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling. In Studies 1 and 2, educator reports of their leaders' ER and ES skills predicted greater educator well-being, including higher positive affect and job satisfaction and lower emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions. In moderation analyses, perceived leader ER predicted well-being about equally among educators facing severe versus mild health impacts from COVID-19. In contrast, perceived leader ES was more strongly associated with educator well-being for some outcomes in those severely versus mildly impacted by COVID-19 illness and death. Leader ER played a role in the well-being of everyone, whereas leader ES was more predictive of well-being for those severely impacted by a crisis. Regarding implications for policy and practice, efforts to promote well-being among educators may be enhanced when combined with efforts to develop school leaders' ER and ES skills, especially in times of crisis. Accordingly, school districts should consider the value of investing in systematic, evidence-based emotion skills training for their leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Floman
- Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Hill PP, Díaz DA, Anderson M, Talbert S, Maraj C. Remembering to Resume: A Randomized Trial Comparing Combined Interruption Management Training and Simulation-Based Education to Simulation-Based Education Alone. Nurs Educ Perspect 2024; 45:5-11. [PMID: 37279090 DOI: 10.1097/01.nep.0000000000001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine if purposeful presimulation interruption management training impacts cognitive load and successful completion of simulation objectives more than the experience alone. BACKGROUND Practicing nurses are frequently interrupted, increasing the risk for error and task time. Novices are particularly vulnerable to interruption consequences. METHOD A between-subjects design and block randomization of prelicensure baccalaureate nursing students ( n = 146) was used to compare group differences in cognitive load, use of interruption management strategies, and completion of simulation required elements. Potential relationships between outcomes and age, mindfulness, and experience were explored. RESULTS An analysis of covariance demonstrated significantly lower perceived mental demand for those receiving training. Older learners and those receiving training implemented more interruption management strategies. CONCLUSION Combining simulation-based education (SBE) with purposeful training enhances interruption management more than SBE alone. Frequent interruption training and SBE are recommended to enhance risk awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy P Hill
- About the Authors The authors are faculty at the University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida. Peggy P. Hill, PhD, RN, CHSE, is an assistant professor and simulation facilitator. Desiree A. Díaz, PhD, FNP-BC, CNE, CHSE-A, ANEF, FSSH, FAAN, professor and undergraduate simulation coordinator, is president-elect for the International Nursing Association of Clinical Simulation and Learning. Mindi Anderson, PhD, APRN, CPNP-PC, CNE, CHSE-A, ANEF, FAAN, is professor, interim associate dean for simulation and immersive learning, and director, Healthcare Simulation Graduate Program. Steven Talbert, PhD, RN, is director, Nursing PhD Program, and a clinical assistant professor. Crystal Maraj, PhD, is an assistant professor, Institute for Simulation and Training (IST) at the University of Central Florida. This project was funded by the 2021 SouthernNursing Research Society/National League for Nursing Doctoral Research Grant Award; a version is included in Dr. Hill's dissertation. The authors are grateful to Dr. Erica Hoyt for her assistance as a simulation facilitator during this study. In addition, the dedication of simulation center staff, especially Syretta Spears and Christina Grosso, is greatly appreciated. For more information, contact Dr. Hill at
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Weissinger K, Bach MM, Brachman A, Stins JF, Beek PJ. Perceived cognitive fatigue has only marginal effects on static balance control in healthy young adults. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:163-177. [PMID: 37987808 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
We examined the influence of perceived cognitive fatigue on static balance control in healthy young adults to gain greater clarity about this issue than provided in previous research. Based on the prevailing assumption in pertinent literature, we hypothesized that the influence of cognitive fatigue on balance control depends on the attentional effort required by the balance tasks being performed. To test this hypothesis, 44 young adults (24 women and 20 men) were alternately assigned to either the experimental group that was cognitively fatigued (using the 16-min TloadDback-task with individualized settings) or the control group (who watched a documentary). Before and after the intervention, the participants performed six balance tasks that differed in (attentional) control requirements, while recording the center of pressure (COP). From these time series, sway variability, mean speed, and sample entropy were calculated and analyzed statistically. Additionally, perceived cognitive fatigue was assessed using VAS scales. Statistical analyses confirmed that the balance tasks differed in control characteristics and that cognitive fatigue was elevated in the experimental group, but not in the control group. Nevertheless, no significant main effects of cognitive fatigue were found on any of the COP measures of interest, except for some non-robust interaction effects related primarily to sample entropy. These results suggest that, in young adults, postural control in static balance tasks is largely automatic and unaffected by task-induced state fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Weissinger
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam and Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 7-9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margit Midtgaard Bach
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam and Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 7-9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Brachman
- Department of Biomechanics, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - John F Stins
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam and Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 7-9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Jan Beek
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam and Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 7-9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Requier F, Demnitz-King H, Whitfield T, Klimecki O, Marchant NL, Collette F. The Effect of Meditation-Based Interventions on Patients with Fatigue Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Psychol Belg 2023; 63:64-81. [PMID: 37358949 PMCID: PMC10289041 DOI: 10.5334/pb.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent fatigue constitutes a prevalent and debilitating symptom in several diseases. The symptom is not effectively alleviated by pharmaceutical treatments, and meditation has been proposed as a non-pharmacological intervention. Indeed, meditation has been shown to reduce inflammatory/immune problems, pain, stress, anxiety and depression which are associated with pathological fatigue. This review synthesizes data from randomized control trials (RCTs) that explored the effect of meditation-based interventions (MeBIs) on fatigue in pathological conditions. Eight databases were searched from inception to April 2020. Thirty-four RCTs met eligibility criteria and covered six conditions (68% cancer), 32 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The main analysis showed an effect in favor of MeBIs compared to control groups (g = 0.62). Separate moderator analyses assessing control group, pathological condition, and MeBI type, highlighted a significantly moderating role of the control group. Indeed, compared to actively controlled studies, studies using a passive control group were associated with a statistically significantly more beneficial impact of the MeBIs (g = 0.83). These results indicate that MeBIs alleviate pathological fatigue and it seems that the studies with a passive control group showed a greater effect of MeBI on the reduction of fatigue compared to studies using active control groups. However, the specific effect of meditation type and pathological condition should be analyzed with more studies, and there remains a need to assess meditation effects on different types of fatigue (i.e., physical and mental) and in additional conditions (e.g., post-COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Requier
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging, Université de Liège, Bâtiment B30, Allée du Six Août, 8, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Psychology, Cognition and Behavior, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Tim Whitfield
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Olga Klimecki
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Fabienne Collette
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging, Université de Liège, Bâtiment B30, Allée du Six Août, 8, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Psychology, Cognition and Behavior, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Alizadeh N, Packer T, Chen YT, Alnasery Y. What we know about fatigue self-management programs for people living with chronic conditions: A scoping review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 114:107866. [PMID: 37364380 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The significant impact of fatigue on the lives of patients with chronic conditions has demanded a response. One response has been the development and testing of self-management programs. Little is known about what these programs have in common or how they differ. This scoping review compared the key components of fatigue self-management programs. METHODS Scoping review methodology was employed. Databases of CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, PsycINFO, Cochrane and Medline were searched to identify relevant sources. RESULTS Included fatigue programs were compared using a three-component framework: 1) self-management strategies; 2) active patient participation; and 3) self-management support. Although all programs included some aspects of these components, the extent varied with only a few domains of these components found across all programs. CONCLUSION The three self-management components employed in this study showed potential benefits in identifying similarities and differences across fatigue programs with comparable and distinct underlying theories. This three-component framework could facilitate identification of domains associated with positive outcomes. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS It is essential that authors of programs provide detailed descriptions to enable inter-program comparison. The three-component framework chosen for this review was capable of describing and comparing fatigue self-management programs, paving the way for more effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Alizadeh
- School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Tanya Packer
- School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; Department of Nursing, Umea University, Umea, Sweden.
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yaser Alnasery
- School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Howie EE, Dharanikota H, Gunn E, Ambler O, Dias R, Wigmore SJ, Skipworth RJE, Yule S. Cognitive Load Management: An Invaluable Tool for Safe and Effective Surgical Training. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2023; 80:311-322. [PMID: 36669990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article highlights the importance of considering Cognitive Load (CL) and Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) during surgical training, focusing on the acquisition of intra-operative skills. It describes the basis of CLT with the overarching aim of describing CLT-based techniques to enhance current training strategies and surgical performance, many of which are instinctively already employed in surgical practice. Currently, methods of feedback and assessment are imperfect - typically subjective, unsystematic, opportunistic, or retrospective, and at risk of human bias. Surgical Sabermetrics, the advanced analytics of surgical and audio-visual data, aims to enhance this feedback by providing objective, real-time, digital-based feedback. This article introduces the benefit of real-time measurement of CL to enhance feedback and its applications to surgical performance that follow the ethos of Surgical Sabermetrics.1 The 2022 theme for ICOSET was "Making it Better." Cognitive Load and Surgical Sabermetrics principles provide tools to make Surgical training better, with the goal of higher quality care for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Howie
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Eilidh Gunn
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Ambler
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Dias
- STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen J Wigmore
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J E Skipworth
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Yule
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Behrens M, Gube M, Chaabene H, Prieske O, Zenon A, Broscheid KC, Schega L, Husmann F, Weippert M. Fatigue and Human Performance: An Updated Framework. Sports Med 2023; 53:7-31. [PMID: 36258141 PMCID: PMC9807493 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue has been defined differently in the literature depending on the field of research. The inconsistent use of the term fatigue complicated scientific communication, thereby limiting progress towards a more in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. Therefore, Enoka and Duchateau (Med Sci Sports Exerc 48:2228-38, 2016, [3]) proposed a fatigue framework that distinguishes between trait fatigue (i.e., fatigue experienced by an individual over a longer period of time) and motor or cognitive task-induced state fatigue (i.e., self-reported disabling symptom derived from the two interdependent attributes performance fatigability and perceived fatigability). Thereby, performance fatigability describes a decrease in an objective performance measure, while perceived fatigability refers to the sensations that regulate the integrity of the performer. Although this framework served as a good starting point to unravel the psychophysiology of fatigue, several important aspects were not included and the interdependence of the mechanisms driving performance fatigability and perceived fatigability were not comprehensively discussed. Therefore, the present narrative review aimed to (1) update the fatigue framework suggested by Enoka and Duchateau (Med Sci Sports Exerc 48:2228-38, 2016, [3]) pertaining the taxonomy (i.e., cognitive performance fatigue and perceived cognitive fatigue were added) and important determinants that were not considered previously (e.g., effort perception, affective valence, self-regulation), (2) discuss the mechanisms underlying performance fatigue and perceived fatigue in response to motor and cognitive tasks as well as their interdependence, and (3) provide recommendations for future research on these interactions. We propose to define motor or cognitive task-induced state fatigue as a psychophysiological condition characterized by a decrease in motor or cognitive performance (i.e., motor or cognitive performance fatigue, respectively) and/or an increased perception of fatigue (i.e., perceived motor or cognitive fatigue). These dimensions are interdependent, hinge on different determinants, and depend on body homeostasis (e.g., wakefulness, core temperature) as well as several modulating factors (e.g., age, sex, diseases, characteristics of the motor or cognitive task). Consequently, there is no single factor primarily determining performance fatigue and perceived fatigue in response to motor or cognitive tasks. Instead, the relative weight of each determinant and their interaction are modulated by several factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Behrens
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Martin Gube
- Department of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Olaf Prieske
- Division of Exercise and Movement, University of Applied Sciences for Sports and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexandre Zenon
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA)-UMR 5287, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kim-Charline Broscheid
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Weippert
- Department of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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15
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Benkirane O, Delwiche B, Mairesse O, Peigneux P. Impact of Sleep Fragmentation on Cognition and Fatigue. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15485. [PMID: 36497559 PMCID: PMC9740245 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sleep continuity and efficacy are essential for optimal cognitive functions. How sleep fragmentation (SF) impairs cognitive functioning, and especially cognitive fatigue (CF), remains elusive. We investigated the impact of induced SF on CF through the TloadDback task, measuring interindividual variability in working memory capacity. Sixteen participants underwent an adaptation polysomnography night and three consecutive nights, once in a SF condition induced by non-awakening auditory stimulations, once under restorative sleep (RS) condition, counterbalanced within-subject. In both conditions, participants were administered memory, vigilance, inhibition and verbal fluency testing, and for CF the TloadDback, as well as sleep questionnaires and fatigue and sleepiness visual analog scales were administered. Subjective fatigue increased and sleep architecture was altered after SF (reduced sleep efficiency, percentage of N3 and REM, number of NREM and REM phases) despite similar total sleep time. At the behavioral level, only inhibition deteriorated after SF, and CF similarly evolved in RS and SF conditions. In line with prior research, we show that SF disrupts sleep architecture and exerts a deleterious impact on subjective fatigue and inhibition. However, young healthy participants appear able to compensate for CF induced by three consecutive SF nights. Further studies should investigate SF effects in extended and/or pathological disruption settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaïma Benkirane
- UR2NF—Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, at CRCN—Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI—ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Brugmann University Hospital, Sleep Laboratory & Unit for Chronobiology U78, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bérénice Delwiche
- Brugmann University Hospital, Sleep Laboratory & Unit for Chronobiology U78, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Mairesse
- Brugmann University Hospital, Sleep Laboratory & Unit for Chronobiology U78, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF—Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, at CRCN—Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI—ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Mueckstein M, Heinzel S, Granacher U, Brahms M, Rapp MA, Stelzel C. Modality-specific effects of mental fatigue in multitasking. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 230:103766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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17
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Ochi G, Kuwamizu R, Fujimoto T, Ikarashi K, Yamashiro K, Sato D. The Effects of Acute Virtual Reality Exergaming on Mood and Executive Function: Exploratory Crossover Trial. JMIR Serious Games 2022; 10:e38200. [PMID: 36169992 PMCID: PMC9557761 DOI: 10.2196/38200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Virtual reality (VR) exergaming is a new intervention strategy to help humans engage in physical activity to enhance mood. VR exergaming may improve both mood and executive function by acting on the prefrontal cortex, expanding the potential benefits. However, the impact of VR exergaming on executive function has not been fully investigated, and associated intervention strategies have not yet been established. Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of 10 minutes of VR exergaming on mood and executive function. Methods A total of 12 participants played the exergame “FitXR” under 3 conditions: (1) a VR exergame condition (ie, exercise with a head-mounted display condition [VR-EX]) in which they played using a head-mounted display, (2) playing the exergame in front of a flat display (2D-EX), and (3) a resting condition in which they sat in a chair. The color-word Stroop task (CWST), which assesses executive function; the short form of the Profile of Mood States second edition (POMS2); and the short form of the Two-Dimensional Mood Scale (TDMS), which assess mood, were administered before and after the exercise or rest conditions. Results The VR-EX condition increased the POMS2 vigor activity score (rest and VR-EX: t11=3.69, P=.003) as well as the TDMS arousal (rest vs 2D-EX: t11=5.34, P<.001; rest vs VR-EX: t11=5.99, P<.001; 2D-EX vs VR-EX: t11=3.02, P=.01) and vitality scores (rest vs 2D-EX: t11=3.74, P=.007; rest vs VR-EX: t11=4.84, P=.002; 2D-EX vs VR-EX: t11=3.53, P=.006), suggesting that VR exergaming enhanced mood. Conversely, there was no effect on CWST performance in either the 2D-EX or VR-EX conditions. Interestingly, the VR-EX condition showed a significant positive correlation between changes in CWST arousal and reaction time (r=0.58, P=.046). This suggests that the effect of exergaming on improving executive function may disappear under an excessively increased arousal level in VR exergaming. Conclusions Our findings showed that 10 minutes of VR exergaming enhanced mood but did not affect executive function. This suggests that some VR content may increase cognitive demands, leading to psychological fatigue and cognitive decline as an individual approaches the limits of available attentional capacity. Future research must examine the combination of exercise and VR that enhances both brain function and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Ochi
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kuwamizu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujimoto
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koyuki Ikarashi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Major of Health and Welfare, Graduate School of Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koya Yamashiro
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
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18
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A drop in cognitive performance, whodunit? Subjective mental fatigue, brain deactivation or increased parasympathetic activity? It's complicated! Cortex 2022; 155:30-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Guillemin C, Hammad G, Read J, Requier F, Charonitis M, Delrue G, Vandeleene N, Lommers E, Maquet P, Collette F. Pupil response speed as a marker of cognitive fatigue in early Multiple Sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 65:104001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Receiving push-notifications from smartphone games reduces students learning performance in a brief lecture: An experimental study. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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21
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Smalle EHM, Daikoku T, Szmalec A, Duyck W, Möttönen R. Unlocking adults' implicit statistical learning by cognitive depletion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2026011119. [PMID: 34983868 PMCID: PMC8764693 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026011119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human learning is supported by multiple neural mechanisms that maturate at different rates and interact in mostly cooperative but also sometimes competitive ways. We tested the hypothesis that mature cognitive mechanisms constrain implicit statistical learning mechanisms that contribute to early language acquisition. Specifically, we tested the prediction that depleting cognitive control mechanisms in adults enhances their implicit, auditory word-segmentation abilities. Young adults were exposed to continuous streams of syllables that repeated into hidden novel words while watching a silent film. Afterward, learning was measured in a forced-choice test that contrasted hidden words with nonwords. The participants also had to indicate whether they explicitly recalled the word or not in order to dissociate explicit versus implicit knowledge. We additionally measured electroencephalography during exposure to measure neural entrainment to the repeating words. Engagement of the cognitive mechanisms was manipulated by using two methods. In experiment 1 (n = 36), inhibitory theta-burst stimulation (TBS) was applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or to a control region. In experiment 2 (n = 60), participants performed a dual working-memory task that induced high or low levels of cognitive fatigue. In both experiments, cognitive depletion enhanced word recognition, especially when participants reported low confidence in remembering the words (i.e., when their knowledge was implicit). TBS additionally modulated neural entrainment to the words and syllables. These findings suggest that cognitive depletion improves the acquisition of linguistic knowledge in adults by unlocking implicit statistical learning mechanisms and support the hypothesis that adult language learning is antagonized by higher cognitive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore H M Smalle
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Tatsuya Daikoku
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| | - Arnaud Szmalec
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Psychological Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Wouter Duyck
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riikka Möttönen
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, United Kingdom
- Cognitive Science, Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Adão Martins NR, Annaheim S, Spengler CM, Rossi RM. Fatigue Monitoring Through Wearables: A State-of-the-Art Review. Front Physiol 2022; 12:790292. [PMID: 34975541 PMCID: PMC8715033 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.790292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective measurement of fatigue is of critical relevance in areas such as occupational health and safety as fatigue impairs cognitive and motor performance, thus reducing productivity and increasing the risk of injury. Wearable systems represent highly promising solutions for fatigue monitoring as they enable continuous, long-term monitoring of biomedical signals in unattended settings, with the required comfort and non-intrusiveness. This is a p rerequisite for the development of accurate models for fatigue monitoring in real-time. However, monitoring fatigue through wearable devices imposes unique challenges. To provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in monitoring variables associated with fatigue via wearables and to detect potential gaps and pitfalls in current knowledge, a systematic review was performed. The Scopus and PubMed databases were searched for articles published in English since 2015, having the terms "fatigue," "drowsiness," "vigilance," or "alertness" in the title, and proposing wearable device-based systems for non-invasive fatigue quantification. Of the 612 retrieved articles, 60 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Included studies were mainly of short duration and conducted in laboratory settings. In general, researchers developed fatigue models based on motion (MOT), electroencephalogram (EEG), photoplethysmogram (PPG), electrocardiogram (ECG), galvanic skin response (GSR), electromyogram (EMG), skin temperature (Tsk), eye movement (EYE), and respiratory (RES) data acquired by wearable devices available in the market. Supervised machine learning models, and more specifically, binary classification models, are predominant among the proposed fatigue quantification approaches. These models were considered to perform very well in detecting fatigue, however, little effort was made to ensure the use of high-quality data during model development. Together, the findings of this review reveal that methodological limitations have hindered the generalizability and real-world applicability of most of the proposed fatigue models. Considerably more work is needed to fully explore the potential of wearables for fatigue quantification as well as to better understand the relationship between fatigue and changes in physiological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neusa R Adão Martins
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Annaheim
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christina M Spengler
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - René M Rossi
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Quiquempoix M, Sauvet F, Erblang M, Van Beers P, Guillard M, Drogou C, Trignol A, Vergez A, Léger D, Chennaoui M, Gomez-Merino D, Rabat A. Effects of Caffeine Intake on Cognitive Performance Related to Total Sleep Deprivation and Time on Task: A Randomized Cross-Over Double-Blind Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:457-473. [PMID: 35321359 PMCID: PMC8935086 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s342922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is widely admitted that both total sleep deprivation (TSD) and extended task engagement (Time-On-Task, TOT) induce a cognitive fatigue state in healthy subjects. Even if EEG theta activity and adenosine both increase with cognitive fatigue, it remains unclear if these modifications are common mechanisms for both sustained attention and executive processes. METHODS We performed a double-blind counter-balanced (placebo (PCBO) and caffeine (CAF) - 2×2.5 mg/kg/24 h)) study on 24 healthy subjects (33.7 ± 5.9 y). Subjects participated in an experimental protocol including an habituation/training day followed by a baseline day (D0 and D1) and a total sleep deprivation (TSD) day beginning on D1 at 23:00 until D2 at 21:00. Subjects performed the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) assessing sustained attention, followed by the executive Go-NoGo inhibition task and the 2-NBack working memory task at 09:15 on D1 and D2. RESULTS We showed differential contributions of TSD and TOT on deficits in sustained attention and both executive processes. An alleviating effect of caffeine intake is only observed on sustained attention deficits related to TSD and not at all on TOT effect. The caffeine dose slows down the triggering of sustained attention deficits related to TOT effect. DISCUSSION These results suggest that sustained attention deficits induced by TSD rely on the adenosinergic mechanism whereas TOT effect observed for both sustained attention and executive would not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Quiquempoix
- Department of Operational Environments, Fatigue and Vigilance Team, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Paris, France.,VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), University of Paris - Hôtel Dieu AP-HP Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- Department of Operational Environments, Fatigue and Vigilance Team, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Paris, France.,VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), University of Paris - Hôtel Dieu AP-HP Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Mégane Erblang
- Department of Operational Environments, Fatigue and Vigilance Team, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Paris, France.,VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), University of Paris - Hôtel Dieu AP-HP Hospital, Paris, France.,LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Van Beers
- Department of Operational Environments, Fatigue and Vigilance Team, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Paris, France.,VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), University of Paris - Hôtel Dieu AP-HP Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Guillard
- Department of Operational Environments, Fatigue and Vigilance Team, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Paris, France.,VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), University of Paris - Hôtel Dieu AP-HP Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Drogou
- Department of Operational Environments, Fatigue and Vigilance Team, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Paris, France.,VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), University of Paris - Hôtel Dieu AP-HP Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Trignol
- Department of Operational Environments, Fatigue and Vigilance Team, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Paris, France.,VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), University of Paris - Hôtel Dieu AP-HP Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anita Vergez
- Department of Operational Environments, Fatigue and Vigilance Team, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Paris, France.,VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), University of Paris - Hôtel Dieu AP-HP Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Damien Léger
- VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), University of Paris - Hôtel Dieu AP-HP Hospital, Paris, France.,Centre du sommeil et de la vigilance, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu AP-HP, Paris, 75004, France
| | - Mounir Chennaoui
- Department of Operational Environments, Fatigue and Vigilance Team, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Paris, France.,VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), University of Paris - Hôtel Dieu AP-HP Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Gomez-Merino
- Department of Operational Environments, Fatigue and Vigilance Team, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Paris, France.,VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), University of Paris - Hôtel Dieu AP-HP Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Rabat
- Department of Operational Environments, Fatigue and Vigilance Team, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Paris, France.,VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), University of Paris - Hôtel Dieu AP-HP Hospital, Paris, France
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Jacquet T, Poulin-Charronnat B, Bard P, Perra J, Lepers R. Physical Activity and Music to Counteract Mental Fatigue. Neuroscience 2021; 478:75-88. [PMID: 34601062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mental fatigue impairs both cognitive and physical performance. Bioactive substances (e.g., caffeine) have been used to counteract mental fatigue but could have side effects. The present study aimed to test two non-bioactive strategies to counteract mental fatigue: physical activity and listening to music. The participants first performed an arm-pointing task, then carried out a 32-min cognitively demanding task to induce mental fatigue (TLDB task), followed by another arm-pointing task at the end of the experiment. Between the end of the cognitively demanding task and the last arm-pointing task, 20 min went during which participants performed either 15 min of physical activity, of listening to music or of discussion (control). The subjective feeling of mental fatigue was assessed before each arm-pointing task and after the cognitively demanding task. For "physical activity" and "listening to music" groups, EEG was recorded at rest after each evaluation of subjective feeling of mental fatigue and during the cognitively demanding task. An increase in alpha power during the cognitively demanding task evidenced the presence of mental fatigue, without recovery during the following 20-min period. In the control condition, the arm-pointing task performance was deteriorated 20-min after the cognitively demanding task, while it remained stable after both physical activity and listening to music. Furthermore, recovery on the subjective feeling of mental fatigue was similar for both groups. The present results suggested that practicing physical activity and listening to music could be efficient strategies to counteract the negative effects of mental fatigue on motor performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jacquet
- LEAD - CNRS UMR5022, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle AAFE, 11 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France; CAPS, INSERM U1093, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculty of Sport Sciences, BP 27877 UFR STAPS, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Bénédicte Poulin-Charronnat
- LEAD - CNRS UMR5022, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle AAFE, 11 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Bard
- LEAD - CNRS UMR5022, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle AAFE, 11 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Joris Perra
- LEAD - CNRS UMR5022, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle AAFE, 11 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Romuald Lepers
- CAPS, INSERM U1093, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculty of Sport Sciences, BP 27877 UFR STAPS, 21000 Dijon, France
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Emotional Modulation of Episodic Memory in School-Age Children and Adults: An Event-Related Potential Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121598. [PMID: 34942900 PMCID: PMC8699418 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Emotional Enhancement of Memory (EEM) has been well-demonstrated in adults, but less is known about EEM in children. The present study tested the impact of emotional valence of pictures on episodic memory using behavioral and neurophysiological measures. Twenty-six 8- to 11-year-old children were tested and compared to 30 young adults. Both groups participated in pictures' intentional encoding tasks while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded, followed by immediate free recall tasks. Behavioral results revealed a general EEM in free recall performances in both groups, along with a negativity effect in children. ERP responses revealed a particular sensitivity to negative pictures in children with a late emotion effect at anterior clusters, as well as a greater successful encoding effect for emotional pictures compared to neutral ones. For adults, the emotion effect was more pronounced for positive pictures across all time windows from the centro-parietal to the frontal part, and localized in the left hemisphere. Positive pictures also elicited a greater successful encoding effect at anterior clusters in adults. By combining behavioral and neurophysiological measures to assess the EEM in children compared with adults, our study provides new knowledge concerning the interaction between emotional and memory processes during development.
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Zhang RC, Madan CR. How does caffeine influence memory? Drug, experimental, and demographic factors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:525-538. [PMID: 34563564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is a widely used nootropic drug, but its effects on memory in healthy participants have not been sufficiently evaluated. Here we review evidence of the effects of caffeine on different types of memory, and the associated drug, experimental, and demographical factors. There is limited evidence that caffeine affects performance in memory tasks beyond improved reaction times. For drug factors, a dose-response relationship may exist but findings are inconsistent. Moreover, there is evidence that the source of caffeine can modulate its effects on memory. For experimental factors, past studies often lacked a baseline control for diet and sleep and none discussed the possible reversal of withdrawal effect due to pre-experimental fasting. For demographic factors, caffeine may interact with sex and age, and the direction of the effect may depend on the dose, individual tolerance, and metabolism at baseline. Future studies should incorporate these considerations, as well as providing continued evidence on the effect of caffeine in visuospatial, prospective, and implicit memory measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Chong Zhang
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Castillo J, Carmona I, Commins S, Fernández S, Ortells JJ, Cimadevilla JM. Spatial Recognition Memory: Differential Brain Strategic Activation According to Sex. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:736778. [PMID: 34539360 PMCID: PMC8441006 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.736778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human spatial memory research has significantly progressed since the development of computerized tasks, with many studies examining sex-related performances. However, few studies explore the underlying electrophysiological correlates according to sex. In this study event-related potentials were compared between male and female participants during the performance of an allocentric spatial recognition task. Twenty-nine university students took part in the research. Results showed that while general performance was similar in both sexes, the brain of males and females displayed a differential activation. Males showed increased N200 modulation than females in the three phases of memory process (encoding, maintenance, and retrieval). Meanwhile females showed increased activation of P300 in the three phases of memory process compared to males. In addition, females exhibited more negative slow wave (NSW) activity during the encoding phase. These differences are discussed in terms of attentional control and the allocation of attentional resources during spatial processing. Our findings demonstrate that sex modulates the resources recruited to performed this spatial task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Castillo
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Center, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain
| | - Isabel Carmona
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Center, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain
| | - Sean Commins
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sergio Fernández
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Center, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain
| | - Juan José Ortells
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Center, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain
| | - José Manuel Cimadevilla
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Center, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain
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Gergelyfi M, Sanz-Arigita EJ, Solopchuk O, Dricot L, Jacob B, Zénon A. Mental fatigue correlates with depression of task-related network and augmented DMN activity but spares the reward circuit. Neuroimage 2021; 243:118532. [PMID: 34496289 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lasting and demanding cognitive activity typically leads to mental fatigue (MF). Indirect evidence suggests that MF may be caused by altered motivational processes. Here, we hypothesized that if MF consists in an alteration of motivational states, brain functional changes induced by MF could specifically affect the brain motivation circuit. In order to test this hypothesis, we devised a functional neuroimaging protocol to detect altered brain activity in reward-related brain regions in relation to cognitively induced mental fatigue. Twenty-five healthy participants underwent a FATIGUE and a CONTROL session on different days. In the FATIGUE session, MF was induced by performing a demanding cognitive task (adapted Stroop task) during 90 min, whereas in the CONTROL session, participants were asked to read magazines for the same period of time. We measured the neural consequences of the MF induction during a working memory task (Missing Number task) while modulating extrinsic motivation with block-wise variations in monetary reward. We also tracked participants' momentary fatigue, anxiety state and intrinsic motivation prior to and following the MF inducement and measurement. Accuracy on the Missing Number Task was lower in the FATIGUE than in the CONTROL condition. Furthermore, subjective MF, but not its behavioral manifestations, was associated with hypoactivity of the task-evoked neural responses. Importantly, activity in regions modulated by reward showed no differences between FATIGUE and CONTROL sessions. In parallel, subjective MF correlated with increased on-task activity and resting-state functional connectivity in the default mode network. These results indicate that subjective mental fatigue is not associated with altered activity in the brain motivation circuit but rather with hypoactivity in task-specific brain regions as well as relative increases of activity and connectivity in the default mode network during and after the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mόnika Gergelyfi
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | | | - Oleg Solopchuk
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Dricot
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Benvenuto Jacob
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Zénon
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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29
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Cognitive fatigue interventions for people with multiple sclerosis: A scoping review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 55:103213. [PMID: 34416644 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a common symptom experienced by people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and can be categorized as physical or cognitive fatigue. The existing body of literature mostly focuses on physical fatigue in MS and there is limited research on cognitive fatigue and interventions to effectively manage cognitive fatigue in this cohort. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to identify and summarize available research literature about different types of interventions to manage cognitive fatigue to provide a comprehensive perspective on treatment options. METHODS The PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews methodology was used. Searches were conducted in May 2021 in the following databases: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE via Ovid, PsycINFO, Embase via Ovid, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. The inclusion criteria were: peer-reviewed journal articles written in English or French that included an intervention to manage MS cognitive fatigue. Search keywords included multiple sclerosis, cognitive fatigue, and intervention. All retrieved citations' titles and abstracts were screened, and eligible articles were fully reviewed by two reviewers. The included studies were categorized based on the type of intervention, and effect size were calculated to estimate the effectiveness of the interventions. RESULTS Of 653 retrieved citations, 34 were retained for this review. Participants of the included studies were mostly middle-aged adults with relapsing-remitting MS, without severe mobility issues, who were living with MS for about 10 years on average. The majority of studies were randomized controlled trials (n = 17), followed by pilot and feasibility trials (n = 4), case-control (n = 2), and other experimental designs (n = 11). The interventions were categorized as educational programs (such as self-management programs, diet, and counselling) (n = 18), medical and pharmacological (such as monoaminergic stabilizers, natalizumab, and dalfampridine) (n = 6), and exercise and physical interventions (such as resistance training, aquatic exercise, and walking) (n = 10). Of the included interventions, fatigue self-management interventions that incorporate educational materials and involve trained facilitators seem to be optimal for reducing the negative effects of cognitive fatigue. CONCLUSION This review identified a variety of interventions for MS cognitive fatigue management. However, there is not sufficient evidence leading to a clear recommendation about appropriate and effective approaches for cognitive fatigue management. More research in this field is needed.
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Bafna T, Hansen JP. Mental fatigue measurement using eye metrics: A systematic literature review. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13828. [PMID: 33825234 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mental fatigue measurement techniques utilize one or a combination of the cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses of the body. Eye-tracking and electrooculography, which are used to compute eye-based features, have gained momentum with increases in accuracy and robustness of the lightweight equipment emerging in the markets and can be used for objective and continuous assessment of mental fatigue. The main goal of this systematic review was to summarize the various eye-based features that have been used to measure mental fatigue and explore the relation of eye-based features to mental fatigue. The review process, following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, used the electronic databases Web of Science, Scopus, ACM digital library, IEEE Xplore, and PubMed. Of the 1,385 retrieved documents, 34 studies met the inclusion criteria, resulting in 21 useful eye-based features. Categorizing these into eight groups revealed saccades as the most promising category, with saccade mean and peak velocity providing quick access to the cognitive states within 30 min of fatiguing activity. Complex brain networks involving sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems control the relation of mental fatigue to tonic pupil size and have the potential to indicate mental fatigue in controlled experimental conditions. Other categories, like blinks, are derived from the field of sleep research and should be used with caution. Several limitations emerged in the analysis, including varied experimental methods, use of dim lighting during the experiment (that could possibly also induce sleepiness), and use of unclear data analysis techniques, thereby complicating comparisons between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Bafna
- Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John Paulin Hansen
- Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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31
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Hopko S, Khurana R, Mehta RK, Pagilla PR. Effect of Cognitive Fatigue, Operator Sex, and Robot Assistance on Task Performance Metrics, Workload, and Situation Awareness in Human-Robot Collaboration. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2021.3062787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Mental Fatigue and Sport-Specific Psychomotor Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 51:1527-1548. [PMID: 33710524 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental fatigue (MF) is a psychobiological state that impairs endurance performance in healthy athletes. Recently, multiple studies indicated that MF could also impair sport-specific psychomotor performance (SSPP). Nevertheless, a systematic overview detailing the effects of MF on SSPP is currently lacking. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to collate relevant literature and examine the effect of MF on SSPP. A secondary aim was to create an overview of the potential subjective and physiological factors underlying this MF effect. METHODS PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus were searched (5th of November 2020). Studies were eligible when study outcomes encompassed any form of SSPP skill in a sport-specific context, the intervention was targeted to induce MF, and the population included healthy individuals. The presence of a manipulation check, to indicate the successful induction of MF, was obligatory for inclusion. Secondary outcomes were all outcomes (either physiological or psychological) that could explain the underlying mechanisms of the effect of MF on SSPP. RESULTS In total, 21 papers were included. MF was successfully induced in all but two studies, which were excluded from further analysis. MF negatively impacts a myriad of SSPP outcomes, including decision-making, reaction time and accuracy outcomes. No changes in physiological outcomes, that could underlie the effect of MF, were reported. Subjectively, only ratings of perceived of exertion increased due to MF in some studies. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the selected papers indicated that MF negatively affects SSPP. Research that assesses brain function, while evaluating the effect of MF on SSPP is essential to create further insight.
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O'Keeffe K, Raccuglia G, Hodder S, Lloyd A. Mental fatigue independent of boredom and sleepiness does not impact self-paced physical or cognitive performance in normoxia or hypoxia. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1687-1699. [PMID: 33678152 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1896104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the individual and combined effects of mental fatigue (MF) and hypoxia (HYP) on physical and cognitive performance. Fifteen males (24 ± 3 years) completed one familiarization session and six experimental trials, including: 1) normoxia (0.209 FiO2) and no MF; 2) normoxia (0.209 FiO2) with MF; 3) mild normobaric HYP (0.13 FiO2) and no MF; 4) mild normobaric HYP (0.13 FiO2) with MF; 5) severe normobaric HYP (0.10 FiO2) and no MF; 6) severe normobaric HYP (0.10 FiO2) with MF. Each condition included a 15-min self-paced time trial, followed by a 60-s isometric maximal voluntary contraction of the biceps brachii. MF was induced using a 16-min individualized cognitive test prior to exercise performance. Following each time trial, participants performed the Tower of Hanoi cognitive test. A main effect of HYP was observed on average power output, oxygen consumption and muscle oxygenation (P ≤ 0.004), with no effect of MF (P ≥ 0.599). Voluntary activation of the biceps brachii was also reduced in HYP (68.42 ± 5.64%, P = 0.039). No effect of MF or HYP was observed on cognitive performance (P ≥ 0.138). HYP impacted physical performance, whilst MF had no effect on self-paced physical or cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate O'Keeffe
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Giuseppe Raccuglia
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Simon Hodder
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Alex Lloyd
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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34
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Bafna T, Bækgaard P, Hansen JP. Mental fatigue prediction during eye-typing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246739. [PMID: 33617541 PMCID: PMC7899326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental fatigue is a common problem associated with neurological disorders. Until now, there has not been a method to assess mental fatigue on a continuous scale. Camera-based eye-typing is commonly used for communication by people with severe neurological disorders. We designed a working memory-based eye-typing experiment with 18 healthy participants, and obtained eye-tracking and typing performance data in addition to their subjective scores on perceived effort for every sentence typed and mental fatigue, to create a model of mental fatigue for eye-typing. The features of the model were the eye-based blink frequency, eye height and baseline-related pupil diameter. We predicted subjective ratings of mental fatigue on a six-point Likert scale, using random forest regression, with 22% lower mean absolute error than using simulations. When additionally including task difficulty (i.e. the difficulty of the sentences typed) as a feature, the variance explained by the model increased by 9%. This indicates that task difficulty plays an important role in modelling mental fatigue. The results demonstrate the feasibility of objective and non-intrusive measurement of fatigue on a continuous scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Bafna
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Per Bækgaard
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - John Paulin Hansen
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
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35
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Salomone M, Burle B, Fabre L, Berberian B. An Electromyographic Analysis of the Effects of Cognitive Fatigue on Online and Anticipatory Action Control. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:615046. [PMID: 33505260 PMCID: PMC7829365 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.615046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive fatigue is a problem for the safety of critical systems (e.g., aircraft) as it can lead to accidents, especially during unexpected events. In order to determine the extent to which it disrupts adaptive capabilities, we evaluated its effect on online and anticipatory control. Despite numerous studies conducted to determine its effects, the exact mechanism(s) affected by fatigue remains to be clarified. In this study, we used distribution and electromyographic analysis to assess whether cognitive fatigue increases the capture of the incorrect automatic response or if it impairs its suppression (online control), and whether the conflict adaptation effect is reduced (anticipatory control). To this end, we evaluated the evolution of the performance over time during the Simon task, a classic conflict task that elicits incorrect automatic responses. To accentuate the presence of fatigue during the Simon task, two groups previously performed a dual-task with two different cognitive load levels to create two different levels of fatigue. The results revealed that time on task impaired online control by disrupting the capacity to suppress the incorrect response but leaving unaffected the expression of the automatic response. Furthermore, participants emphasized speed rather than accuracy with time on task, with in addition more fast guesses, suggesting that they opted for a less effortful response strategy. As the implementation of the suppression mechanism requires cognitive effort, the conjunction of these results suggests that the deficits observed may be due to disengagement of effort over time rather than reflecting an incapacity to make an effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mick Salomone
- Information Processing and Systems, ONERA, Salon de Provence, Base Aérienne 701, France
| | - Boris Burle
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC UMR 7291, Marseille, France
| | - Ludovic Fabre
- Centre de Recherche de l'Ecole de l'Air, Salon de Provence, Base Aérienne 701, France
| | - Bruno Berberian
- Information Processing and Systems, ONERA, Salon de Provence, Base Aérienne 701, France
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36
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Jacquet T, Poulin-Charronnat B, Bard P, Lepers R. Persistence of Mental Fatigue on Motor Control. Front Psychol 2021; 11:588253. [PMID: 33488457 PMCID: PMC7820710 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of mental fatigue on both cognitive and physical performance are well described in the literature, but the recovery aspects of mental fatigue have been less investigated. The present study aimed to fill this gap by examining the persistence of mental fatigue on behavior and electrophysiological mechanisms. Fifteen participants performed an arm-pointing task consisting of reaching a target as fast as possible, before carrying out a 32-min cognitively demanding task [Time Load Dual Back (TLDB) task], and immediately, 10 and 20 min after completion of the TLDB task. During the experiment, electroencephalography was continuously recorded. The significant increase in mental fatigue feeling after the TLDB task was followed by a decrease during the 20 min of recovery without returning to premeasurement values. Brain oscillations recorded at rest during the recovery period showed an increase in both theta and alpha power over time, suggesting a persistence of mental fatigue. Arm-pointing movement duration increased gradually over time during the recovery period, indicating that behavioral performance remained impaired 20 min after the end of the cognitively demanding task. To conclude, subjective measurements indicated a partial recovery of mental fatigue following a cognitively demanding task, whereas electrophysiological and behavioral markers suggested that the effects of mental fatigue persisted for at least 20 min. While the subjective evaluation of mental fatigue is a very practical way to attest the presence of mental fatigue, electrophysiological and behavioral measures seem more relevant to evaluate the time course of mental fatigue effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jacquet
- LEAD - CNRS UMR5022, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Patrick Bard
- LEAD - CNRS UMR5022, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Romuald Lepers
- INSERM UMR 1093 CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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37
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Goodman SPJ, Marino FE. Thirst perception exacerbates objective mental fatigue. Neuropsychologia 2020; 150:107686. [PMID: 33212138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Thirst is represented within the anterior cingulate and insular cortices, and may share some common neuroanatomical structures that are implicated with the regulation of mental fatigue. This novel study investigated whether thirst might modulate the subjective, behavioural, or neurophysiological representations of mental fatigue. In a crossover design, thirst was monitored in 15 males during 60 min of cycling in normothermic conditions. Participants either consumed water to the dictates of their thirst (sated), or fluid was withheld and replaced with periodic salt water mouth rinses (thirst). Following either satiety or thirst, a 60 min modified Stroop task was completed to evoke mental fatigue. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) haemodynamics were monitored throughout the prolonged task, and subjective perceptions of fatigue were reported through a visual analogue scale. Behavioural performance was quantified as the total number of Stroop task iterations completed in the mentally fatiguing task, and by collating response time and accuracy into the inverse efficiency score (IES) for each 5 min interval throughout the task. During thirst, fewer iterations were completed and poorer IES performance was evident toward the latter portion of the mentally fatiguing task. Compensatory elevations in PFC oxyhaemoglobin were produced in each condition, however, differed temporally, and were premature during thirst. A diminished capacity to sustain cognitive performance is likely the product of an inability to preserve the distribution of resources within the prefrontal cortex, due to heightened activation about thirst regulatory centres. These data provide novel insight into the relationship between thirst and mental fatigue, and suggest that drinking to the dictates of thirst may be a pertinent strategy to sustain prolonged cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P J Goodman
- School of Exercise Science, Sport & Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia; School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
| | - Frank E Marino
- School of Exercise Science, Sport & Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia.
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38
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Xia Y, Shikii SI, Shimomura Y. Determining how different levels of indoor carbon dioxide affect human monotonous task performance and their effects on human activation states using a lab experiment: a tracking task. ERGONOMICS 2020; 63:1350-1358. [PMID: 32552486 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1784466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Different individuals respond differently to carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the local atmosphere. We aimed to determine whether brain activity changes with various CO2 concentrations and whether this is correlated with heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation (SPO2). We used electrocardiograms, SPO2 measurements, electroencephalograms, and task performance metrics in various CO2 concentrations and studied the changes in these metrics. We found that SPO2 did not change in various CO2 conditions; elevations in CO2 up to 4000 ppm had no measurable influence on ventilation and SPO2, suggesting no effect on monotonous task performance seen in terms of the alpha wave band rate. However, heart rate increased as early as within 15 min. We found that some individuals who naturally have lower SPO2 values tended to undergo faster lowering of arousal level. Practitioner summary: SPO2 may be an individual characteristic that affects the human ability to maintain concentration in monotonous tasks in enclosed spaces, such as driving a car. This study highlights the fact that different individuals respond differently to various CO2 levels, based on SPO2 levels, as manifested by decreased concentration and brain activity. Abbreviations: CO2: carbon dioxide; SPO2: arterial oxygen saturation; HR: heart rate; PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide; EEG: electroencephalography; ECG: electrocardiography; EOG: electrooculogram; HF: high-frequency; LF: low-frequency; ANOVA: analysis of variance; RRI: R-R interval ; Type 1: sensitive group; Type 2: non-sensitised group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Xia
- Division of Design Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Shikii
- Engineering Division, Industrial Solutions Company, Panasonic Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shimomura
- Division of Design Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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O'Keeffe K, Hodder S, Lloyd A. A comparison of methods used for inducing mental fatigue in performance research: individualised, dual-task and short duration cognitive tests are most effective. ERGONOMICS 2020; 63:1-12. [PMID: 31680632 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1687940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite research indicating the negative impact that mental fatigue has on physical and cognitive performance, whether this is a result of mental fatigue or a state of under-arousal remains unclear. The current research aimed to explore the effectiveness of the methods being used to induce mental fatigue. Twelve participants attended six sessions in which two cognitive tests, the AX-continuous performance test (AX-CPT) and the TloadDback test, were compared for their effectiveness in inducing mental fatigue. Both tests were set at a standard processing speed (1.2 ms) for two conditions, and a further condition involved the individualisation of the TloadDback test. Participants presented significantly higher physiological and psychological arousal (p < 0.05) in the individualised dual-task test compared to the AX-CPT. The individualised TloadDback test is a more effective method of inducing mental fatigue compared to the AX-CPT, as it sustains physiological arousal whilst inducing measurable reductions in mental resources. Practitioner summary: Mental fatigue negatively impacts physical and cognitive performance. It is unclear whether the current methods being used to induce mental fatigue are effective. This study compared different methods and confirmed that short, individualised and dual-task tests are most effective for inducing mental fatigue whilst maintaining arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate O'Keeffe
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Simon Hodder
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Alex Lloyd
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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40
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Al-Shargie F, Tariq U, Hassanin O, Mir H, Babiloni F, Al-Nashash H. Brain Connectivity Analysis Under Semantic Vigilance and Enhanced Mental States. Brain Sci 2019; 9:E363. [PMID: 31835346 PMCID: PMC6955710 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a method to quantify the coupling between brain regions under vigilance and enhanced mental states by utilizing partial directed coherence (PDC) and graph theory analysis (GTA). The vigilance state is induced using a modified version of stroop color-word task (SCWT) while the enhancement state is based on audio stimulation with a pure tone of 250 Hz. The audio stimulation was presented to the right and left ears simultaneously for one-hour while participants perform the SCWT. The quantification of mental states was performed by means of statistical analysis of indexes based on GTA, behavioral responses of time-on-task (TOT), and Brunel Mood Scale (BRMUS). The results show that PDC is very sensitive to vigilance decrement and shows that the brain connectivity network is significantly reduced with increasing TOT, p < 0.05. Meanwhile, during the enhanced state, the connectivity network maintains high connectivity as time passes and shows significant improvements compared to vigilance state. The audio stimulation enhances the connectivity network over the frontal and parietal regions and the right hemisphere. The increase in the connectivity network correlates with individual differences in the magnitude of the vigilance enhancement assessed by response time to stimuli. Our results provide evidence for enhancement of cognitive processing efficiency with audio stimulation. The BRMUS was used to evaluate the emotional states of vigilance task before and after using the audio stimulation. BRMUS factors, such as fatigue, depression, and anger, significantly decrease in the enhancement group compared to vigilance group. On the other hand, happy and calmness factors increased with audio stimulation, p < 0.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Al-Shargie
- Biosciences and Bioengineering Research Institute, Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE; (U.T.); (O.H.); (H.M.); (H.A.-N.)
| | - Usman Tariq
- Biosciences and Bioengineering Research Institute, Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE; (U.T.); (O.H.); (H.M.); (H.A.-N.)
| | - Omnia Hassanin
- Biosciences and Bioengineering Research Institute, Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE; (U.T.); (O.H.); (H.M.); (H.A.-N.)
| | - Hasan Mir
- Biosciences and Bioengineering Research Institute, Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE; (U.T.); (O.H.); (H.M.); (H.A.-N.)
| | - Fabio Babiloni
- Department Molecular Medicine, University of Sapienza Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- College Computer Science and Technology, University Hangzhou Dianzi, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hasan Al-Nashash
- Biosciences and Bioengineering Research Institute, Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE; (U.T.); (O.H.); (H.M.); (H.A.-N.)
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41
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Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Fatigue, Sleep Deprivation, and Social Cognition. Brain Topogr 2019; 32:998-1012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-019-00740-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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42
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Borragán G, Guerrero-Mosquera C, Guillaume C, Slama H, Peigneux P. Decreased prefrontal connectivity parallels cognitive fatigue-related performance decline after sleep deprivation. An optical imaging study. Biol Psychol 2019; 144:115-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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43
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Cognitive task avoidance correlates with fatigue-induced performance decrement but not with subjective fatigue. Neuropsychologia 2019; 123:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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44
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Borragán G, Gilson M, Guerrero-Mosquera C, Di Ricci E, Slama H, Peigneux P. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Does Not Counteract Cognitive Fatigue, but Induces Sleepiness and an Inter-Hemispheric Shift in Brain Oxygenation. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2351. [PMID: 30555378 PMCID: PMC6284008 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained cognitive demands may result in cognitive fatigue (CF), eventually leading to decreased behavioral performance and compromised brain resources. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) would counteract the behavioral and neurophysiological effects of CF. Twenty young healthy participants were tested in a within-subject counterbalanced order across two different days. Anodal tDCS (real vs. sham) was applied over the left prefrontal cortex. In the real tDCS condition, a current of 1.5 mA was delivered for 25 min. Cortical oxygenation changes were measured using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) on the frontal cortices. CF was triggered using the TloadDback task, a sustained working memory paradigm that allows tailoring task demands according to each individual's maximal cognitive capacity. Sustained cognitive load-related effects were assessed using pre- versus post-task subjective fatigue and sleepiness scales, evolution of performance accuracy within the task, indirect markers of dopaminergic activity (eye blinks), and cortical oxygenation changes (fNIRS) both during the task and pre- and post-task resting state periods. Results consistently disclosed significant CF-related effects on performance. Transcranial DCS was not effective to counteract the behavioral effects of CF. In the control (sham tDCS) condition, cerebral oxygen exchange (COE) levels significantly increased in the right hemisphere during the resting state immediately after the induction of CF, suggesting a depletion of brain resources. In contrast, tDCS combined with CF induction significantly shifted interhemispheric oxygenation balance during the post-training resting state. Additionally, increased self-reported sleepiness was associated with brain activity in the stimulated hemisphere after recovery from CF during the tDCS condition only, which might reflect a negative middle-term effect of tDCS application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Borragán
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Centre de Recherches en Cognition et Neurosciences and UNI – ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Médhi Gilson
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Centre de Recherches en Cognition et Neurosciences and UNI – ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Eleonora Di Ricci
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Centre de Recherches en Cognition et Neurosciences and UNI – ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hichem Slama
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Centre de Recherches en Cognition et Neurosciences and UNI – ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- UNESCOG – Cognitive Neurosciences Research Unit, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Centre de Recherches en Cognition et Neurosciences and UNI – ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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45
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Takács E, Barkaszi I, Altbäcker A, Czigler I, Balázs L. Cognitive resilience after prolonged task performance: an ERP investigation. Exp Brain Res 2018; 237:377-388. [PMID: 30413843 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Deleterious consequences of cognitive fatigue might be avoided if people respond with increased effort to increased demands. In this study, we hypothesized that the effects of fatigue would be more pronounced in cognitive functions reflecting compensatory effort. Given that the P3a event-related potential is sensitive to the direction and amount of attention allocated to a stimulus array, we reasoned that compensatory effort would manifest in increased P3a amplitudes. Therefore, we compared P3a before (pre-test) and after (post-test) a 2 h long cognitively demanding (fatigue group, n = 18) or undemanding task (control group, n = 18). Two auditory tasks, a three-stimulus novelty oddball and a duration discrimination two-choice response task were presented to elicit P3a. In the fatigue group, we used the multi-attribute task battery as a fatigue-inducing task. This task draws on a broad array of attentional functions and imposed considerable workload. The control group watched mood-neutral documentary films. The fatigue manipulation was effective as subjective fatigue increased significantly in the fatigue group compared to controls. Contrary to expectations, however, fatigue failed to affect P3a in the post-test phase. Similar null effects were obtained for other neurobehavioral measures (P3b and behavioral performance). Results indicate that a moderate increase in subjective fatigue does not hinder cognitive functions profoundly. The lack of objective performance loss in the present study suggests that the cognitive system can be resilient against challenges instigated by demanding task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Takács
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. .,Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Irén Barkaszi
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Altbäcker
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Czigler
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Balázs
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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46
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Zénon A, Solopchuk O, Pezzulo G. An information-theoretic perspective on the costs of cognition. Neuropsychologia 2018; 123:5-18. [PMID: 30268880 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In statistics and machine learning, model accuracy is traded off with complexity, which can be viewed as the amount of information extracted from the data. Here, we discuss how cognitive costs can be expressed in terms of similar information costs, i.e. as a function of the amount of information required to update a person's prior knowledge (or internal model) to effectively solve a task. We then examine the theoretical consequences that ensue from this assumption. This framework naturally explains why some tasks - for example, unfamiliar or dual tasks - are costly and permits to quantify these costs using information-theoretic measures. Finally, we discuss brain implementation of this principle and show that subjective cognitive costs can originate either from local or global capacity limitations on information processing or from increased rate of metabolic alterations. These views shed light on the potential adaptive value of cost-avoidance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Zénon
- Institut de Neuroscience Cognitive et Intégrative d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, France; Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Oleg Solopchuk
- Institut de Neuroscience Cognitive et Intégrative d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, France; Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Pezzulo
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Via San Martino della Battaglia 44, 00185 Rome, Italy
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47
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Borragán G, Gilson M, Atas A, Slama H, Lysandropoulos A, De Schepper M, Peigneux P. Cognitive Fatigue, Sleep and Cortical Activity in Multiple Sclerosis Disease. A Behavioral, Polysomnographic and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Investigation. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:378. [PMID: 30294266 PMCID: PMC6158319 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) disease frequently experience fatigue as their most debilitating symptom. Fatigue in MS partially refers to a cognitive component, cognitive fatigue (CF), characterized by a faster and stronger than usual development of the subjective feeling of exhaustion that follows sustained cognitive demands. The feeling of CF might result from supplementary task-related brain activity following MS-related demyelination and neurodegeneration. Besides, CF in MS disease might also stem from disrupted sleep. The present study investigated the association between the triggering of CF, task-related brain activity and sleep features. In a counterbalance mixed design, 10 patients with MS and 11 healthy controls were exposed twice for 16 min to a CF-inducing dual working memory updating task (TloadDback) under low or high cognitive demands conditions, counterbalanced. Considering known inter-individual differences and potential cognitive deficits in MS, the maximal cognitive load of the task was individually adapted to each participant’s own upper limits. During the experimental sessions, cortical brain activity was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during the CF-induction task, and in a resting state immediately before and after. Ambulatory polysomnography recordings were obtained on the nights preceding experimental sessions. When cognitive load was individually adapted to their processing capabilities, patients with MS exhibited similar than healthy controls levels of subjectively perceived CF, evolution of performance during the task, and brain activity patterns. Linear mixed models indicate a negative association between oxygenation level changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the triggering of subjective CF in patients with MS only. Longer total sleep time was also associated with higher CF in MS patients. These results suggest that controlling for cognitive load between individuals with and without MS results in a similar task-related development of subjective CF. Besides comparable performance and cortical brain activity between groups, mixed model analyses suggest a possible association between CF, DLPFC activity and sleep duration in MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Borragán
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Centre de Recherches en Cognition et Neurosciences and ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Médhi Gilson
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Centre de Recherches en Cognition et Neurosciences and ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Atas
- Centre de Recherches en Cognition et Neurosciences and ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Consciousness, Cognition and Computational Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hichem Slama
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Centre de Recherches en Cognition et Neurosciences and ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Cognitive Neurosciences Research Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andreas Lysandropoulos
- Neuroimmunology Unit - Multiple Sclerosis, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Melanie De Schepper
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Centre de Recherches en Cognition et Neurosciences and ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Centre de Recherches en Cognition et Neurosciences and ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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48
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Pattyn N, Van Cutsem J, Dessy E, Mairesse O. Bridging Exercise Science, Cognitive Psychology, and Medical Practice: Is "Cognitive Fatigue" a Remake of "The Emperor's New Clothes"? Front Psychol 2018; 9:1246. [PMID: 30250436 PMCID: PMC6139359 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is such a multifaceted construct it has sprouted specific research fields and experts in domains as different as exercise physiology, cognitive psychology, human factors and engineering, and medical practice. It lacks a consensus definition: it is an experimental concept, a symptom, a risk, a cause (e.g., of performance decrement) and a consequence (e.g., of sleep deprivation). This fragmentation of knowledge leads to slower dissemination of novel insights, and thus to a poorer research. Indeed, what may seem as a novel result in one field, may very well be old news in another, hence leading to this "innovation" being a scientific equivalent to the emperor's new clothes. The current paper aims to describe the common denominator in the different areas of expertise where fatigue is investigated. Indeed, rather than focusing on the differences in semantics and conceptualization, we hope that identifying common concepts may be inductive of easier multidisciplinary research. Considering the vastness of fatigue research in all areas identified as relevant-cognitive science, exercise physiology, and medical practice, this analysis has not the ambition to be an exhaustive review in all domains. We have reviewed the fatigue concepts and research in these areas and report the ones that are used to describe the proposed common model to be further investigated. The most promising common feature to cognitive science, exercise physiology and clinical practice is the notion of "perceived effort." This allows to account for interindividual differences, as well as for the situational variations in fatigue. It is applicable to both mental and physical constructs. It integrates motivational and emotional dimensions. It overcomes current polemics in various research fields, and it does not draw on any semantic ambiguity. We thus suggest a new model of fatigue and performance, whether this performance is mental or physical; and whether it is in a clinical range or relates to optimal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pattyn
- VIPER Research Unit, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Human Physiology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Cutsem
- Human Physiology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Endurance Research Group, University of Kent, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Dessy
- VIPER Research Unit, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Mairesse
- VIPER Research Unit, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Sleep Unit, CHU Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium
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49
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Gül A, Gül H, Emul HM. Reply to Bianchi et al. Psychiatry Res 2018. [PMID: 28645801 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Gül
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hesna Gül
- Department of Child/Adolescent Psychiatry, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - H Murat Emul
- PEDAMED, Private Center for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
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50
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Haubert A, Walsh M, Boyd R, Morris M, Wiedbusch M, Krusmark M, Gunzelmann G. Relationship of Event-Related Potentials to the Vigilance Decrement. Front Psychol 2018; 9:237. [PMID: 29559936 PMCID: PMC5845631 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive fatigue emerges in wide-ranging tasks and domains, but traditional vigilance tasks provide a well-studied context in which to explore the mechanisms underlying it. Though a variety of experimental methodologies have been used to investigate cognitive fatigue in vigilance, relatively little research has utilized electroencephalography (EEG), specifically event-related potentials (ERPs), to explore the nature of cognitive fatigue, also known as the vigilance decrement. Moreover, much of the research that has been done on vigilance and ERPs uses non-traditional vigilance paradigms, limiting generalizability to the established body of behavioral results and corresponding theories. In this study, we address concerns with prior research by (1) investigating the vigilance decrement using a well-established visual vigilance task, (2) utilizing a task designed to attenuate possible confounding ERP components present within a vigilance paradigm, and (3) informing our interpretations with recent findings from ERP research. We averaged data across electrodes located over the frontal, central, and parietal scalp. Then, we generated waveforms locked to the onset of critical low-frequency or non-critical high-frequency events during a 40 min task that was segregated into time blocks for data analysis. There were three primary findings from the analyses of these data. First, mean amplitude of N1 was greater during later blocks for both low-frequency and high-frequency events, a contradictory finding compared to past visual vigilance studies that is further discussed with respect to current interpretations of the N1 in visual attention tasks. Second, P3b mean amplitude following low-frequency events was reduced during later blocks, with a later onset latency. Third and finally, the decrease in P3b amplitude correlated with individual differences in the magnitude of the vigilance decrement, assessed using d′. The results provide evidence for degradations of cognitive processing efficiency brought on by extended time on task, leading to delayed processing and decreased discriminability of critical stimuli from non-critical stimuli. These conclusions are discussed in the context of the vigilance decrement and corresponding theoretical accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Haubert
- Sensor Systems Division, Human Factors Group, University Research Institute, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Matt Walsh
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Boyd
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Megan Morris
- Ball Aerospace & Technologies, Fairborn, OH, United States
| | - Megan Wiedbusch
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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