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Behrendt T, Quisilima JI, Bielitzki R, Behrens M, Glazachev OS, Brigadski T, Leßmann V, Schega L. Brain-Derived neurotrophic factor and inflammatory biomarkers are unaffected by acute and chronic intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure in geriatric patients: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Med 2024; 56:2304650. [PMID: 38253008 PMCID: PMC10810628 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2304650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal and human studies have shown that exposure to hypoxia can increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein transcription and reduce systematic inflammatory cytokine response. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects of intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure (IHHE) prior to aerobic exercise on BDNF, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) blood levels in geriatric patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five geriatric patients (83.1 ± 5.0 yrs, 71.1 ± 10.0 kg, 1.8 ± 0.9 m) participated in a placebo-controlled, single-blinded trial and were randomly assigned to either an intervention (IG) or control group (CG) performing an aerobic cycling training (17 sessions, 20 min·session-1, 3 sessions·week-1). Prior to aerobic cycling exercise, the IG was additionally exposed to IHHE for 30 min, whereas the CG received continuous normoxic air. Blood samples were taken immediately before (pre-exercise) and 10 min (post-exercise) after the first session as well as 48 h (post-training) after the last session to determine serum (BDNFS) and plasma BDNF (BDNFP), IL-6, and CRP levels. Intervention effects were analyzed using a 2 x 2 analysis of covariance with repeated measures. Results were interpreted based on effect sizes with a medium effect considered as meaningful (ηp2 ≥ 0.06, d ≥ 0.5). RESULTS CRP was moderately higher (d = 0.51) in the CG compared to the IG at baseline. IHHE had no acute effect on BDNFS (ηp2 = 0.01), BDNFP (ηp2 < 0.01), BDNF serum/plasma-ratio (ηp2 < 0.01), IL-6 (ηp2 < 0.01), or CRP (ηp2 = 0.04). After the 6-week intervention, an interaction was found for BDNF serum/plasma-ratio (ηp2 = 0.06) but not for BDNFS (ηp2 = 0.04), BDNFP (ηp2 < 0.01), IL-6 (ηp2 < 0.01), or CRP (ηp2 < 0.01). BDNF serum/plasma-ratio increased from pre-exercise to post-training (d = 0.67) in the CG compared to the IG (d = 0.51). A main effect of time was found for BDNFP (ηp2 = 0.09) but not for BDNFS (ηp2 = 0.02). Within-group post-hoc analyses revealed a training-related reduction in BDNFP in the IG and CG by 46.1% (d = 0.73) and 24.7% (d = 0.57), respectively. CONCLUSION The addition of 30 min IHHE prior to 20 min aerobic cycling seems not to be effective to increase BDNFS and BDNFP or to reduce IL-6 and CRP levels in geriatric patients after a 6-week intervention.The study was retrospectively registered at drks.de (DRKS-ID: DRKS00025130).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Behrendt
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Ibanez Quisilima
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bielitzki
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- University of Applied Sciences for Sport and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Oleg S. Glazachev
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Bielitzki R, Behrendt T, Weinreich A, Mittlmeier T, Schega L, Behrens M. Acute effects of static balance exercise combined with different levels of blood flow restriction on motor performance fatigue as well as physiological and perceptual responses in young healthy males and females. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:227-243. [PMID: 37429967 PMCID: PMC10787004 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the acute effects of a static balance exercise combined with different blood flow restriction (BFR) pressures on motor performance fatigue development and recovery as well as physiological and perceptual responses during exercise in males and females. METHODS Twenty-four recreational active males (n = 13) and females (n = 11) performed static balance exercise on a BOSU ball (3 sets of 60 s with 30 s rest in-between) on three separate (> 3 days) laboratory visits with three different BFR pressures (80% arterial occlusion pressure [AOP], 40%AOP, 30 mmHg [SHAM]) in random order. During exercise, activity of various leg muscles, vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation, and ratings of effort and pain perception were recorded. Maximal squat jump height was measured before, immediately after, 1, 2, 4, and 8 min after exercise to quantify motor performance fatigue development and recovery. RESULTS Quadriceps muscle activity as well as ratings of effort and pain were highest, while muscle oxygenation was lowest in the 80%AOP compared to the 40%AOP and SHAM condition, with no differences in postural sway between conditions. Squat jump height declined after exercise with the highest reduction in the 80%AOP (- 16.4 ± 5.2%) followed by the 40%AOP (- 9.1 ± 3.2%), and SHAM condition (- 5.4 ± 3.3%). Motor performance fatigue was not different after 1 min and 2 min of recovery in 40% AOP and 80% AOP compared to SHAM, respectively. CONCLUSION Static balance exercise combined with a high BFR pressure induced the largest changes in physiological and perceptual responses, without affecting balance performance. Although motor performance fatigue was increased by BFR, it may not lead to long-term impairments in maximal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bielitzki
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Tom Behrendt
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andy Weinreich
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Mittlmeier
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-and Reconstructive Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
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Freitag CW, Behrens M, Menrad T, Al-Nosairy KO, Stolle FH, Prabhakaran GT, Beyer R, Thieme H, Hoffmann MB, Schega L. Single- and Dual-Task Gait Performance in Patients With Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Cross-sectional Study. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:31. [PMID: 38015169 PMCID: PMC10691400 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.11.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate gait kinematics during single- and dual-task walking in glaucoma patients compared with healthy controls. Methods Nineteen glaucoma patients (10 females, 9 males) and 30 healthy controls (17 females, 13 males) participated in this cross-sectional study. Spatiotemporal gait parameters (e.g., stride length, velocity, minimum toe clearance [MTC]) were assessed using inertial measurement units (sampling frequency 100 Hz) during single-task walking and dual-task walking at a comfortable velocity. During dual-task walking, participants walked and concurrently performed different cognitive tasks in a random order: (i) reaction time task, (ii) N-Back-task, and (iii) letter fluency task with two difficulty levels, respectively. Repeated measures analyses of covariance (Group × Condition) were conducted to analyze the data. Results A significant effect of group was found for the coefficient of variation (CoV) of the MTC, F(1,39) = 4.504, P = 0.040, \({\rm{\eta }}_{\rm{p}}^2\) = 0.104, with higher values in glaucoma patients. Based on the effect sizes, a main effect of group was also found for the MTC, F(1,39) = 2.668, P = 0.110, \({\rm{\eta }}_{\rm{p}}^2\) = 0.064, and the MTCCoV dual-task costs, F(1,38) = 3.225, P = 0.08, \({\rm{\eta }}_{\rm{p}}^2\) = 0.078, which was lower and higher, respectively, in glaucoma patients. Conclusions The present study revealed a significantly higher MTC variability as well as medium effect sizes for a lower MTC and higher MTC dual-task costs in glaucoma patients compared with healthy controls, which might be related to a higher risk of falling owing to tripping. Translational Relevance The minimum toe clearance might mirror disease-related changes in walking performance and might have prognostic value for assessing fall risk in glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin W. Freitag
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- University of Applied Sciences for Sport and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thorben Menrad
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Khaldoon O. Al-Nosairy
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Francie H. Stolle
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gokulraj T. Prabhakaran
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rosalie Beyer
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Research, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Bielitzki R, Behrendt T, Nguyen T, Behrens M, Malczewski V, Franz A, Schega L. Influence of cuff stiffness on hemodynamics and perceived cuff pressure in the upper extremities in males and females: implications for practical blood flow restriction training. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:134. [PMID: 37858237 PMCID: PMC10585869 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Practical blood flow restriction (pBFR) during exercise is a cost-saving alternative to traditional blood flow restriction using pneumatic cuffs, particularly when exercising in a group setting. Depending on the pBFR technique, several factors (e.g., cuff width, limb circumference) have already been shown to be of importance when applying the pBFR pressure. Given that elastic cuffs are often used for pBFR, the cuff stiffness might be an additional influencing factor. Therefore, the present study compared the acute effects of three elastic cuffs with identical width but different stiffness (high stiffness (HS), medium stiffness (MS), and low stiffness (LS)) on hemodynamic measures and perceived cuff pressure at rest. METHODS In a randomized, counter-balanced cross-over study, 36 young and normotensive participants completed three experimental trials. After a 10-min rest period in supine position, the cuff was loosely and proximally applied to the right upper arm. Following baseline data recording, the cuff was successively tightened in 10%-increments with respect to the limb circumference (%overlap) until arterial blood flow was occluded. At baseline and during each %overlap, systolic peak blood flow velocity of the brachial artery, rating of perceived cuff pressure, as well as muscle oxygen saturation and total hemoglobin concentration of the biceps brachii muscle were recorded. RESULTS The %overlap required to occlude arterial blood flow was different between the three cuffs (HS: 30.9 ± 3.8%, MS: 43.9 ± 6.1%, LS: 54.5 ± 8.3%). Furthermore, at 30% overlap, systolic peak blood flow velocity was lower when applying the HS (9.0 ± 10.9 cm∙s- 1) compared to MS (48.9 ± 21.9 cm∙s- 1) and LS cuff (62.9 ± 19.1 cm∙s- 1). Rating of perceived cuff pressure at 30% overlap was higher when using the HS (6.5 ± 1.5 arbitrary unit (a.u.)) compared to MS (5.1 ± 1.4 a.u.) and LS cuff (4.9 ± 1.5 a.u.) with no difference between the MS and LS cuff. However, muscle oxygen saturation and total hemoglobin concentration were not different between the three cuffs. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that the cuff stiffness influenced blood flow velocity and arterial occlusion pressure. Therefore, cuff stiffness seems an important factor for the application of pBFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bielitzki
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tom Behrendt
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Toan Nguyen
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- University of Applied Sciences for Sport and Management Potsdam, Olympischer Weg 7, 14471 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Victoria Malczewski
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Franz
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
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Nguyen T, Behrens M, Broscheid KC, Bielitzki R, Weber S, Libnow S, Malczewski V, Baldauf L, Milberger X, Jassmann L, Wustmann A, Meiler K, Drange S, Franke J, Schega L. Associations between gait performance and pain intensity, psychosocial factors, executive functions as well as prefrontal cortex activity in chronic low back pain patients: A cross-sectional fNIRS study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1147907. [PMID: 37215712 PMCID: PMC10196398 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1147907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Activities of daily living, such as walking, are impaired in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients compared to healthy individuals. Thereby, pain intensity, psychosocial factors, cognitive functioning and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during walking might be related to gait performance during single and dual task walking (STW, DTW). However, to the best of our knowledge, these associations have not yet been explored in a large sample of CLBP patients. Method Gait kinematics (inertial measurement units) and PFC activity (functional near-infrared spectroscopy) during STW and DTW were measured in 108 CLBP patients (79 females, 29 males). Additionally, pain intensity, kinesiophobia, pain coping strategies, depression and executive functioning were quantified and correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the associations between parameters. Results The gait parameters showed small correlations with acute pain intensity, pain coping strategies and depression. Stride length and velocity during STW and DTW were (slightly to moderately) positively correlated with executive function test performance. Specific small to moderate correlations were found between the gait parameters and dorsolateral PFC activity during STW and DTW. Conclusion Patients with higher acute pain intensity and better coping skills demonstrated slower and less variable gait, which might reflect a pain minimization strategy. Psychosocial factors seem to play no or only a minor role, while good executive functions might be a prerequisite for a better gait performance in CLBP patients. The specific associations between gait parameters and PFC activity during walking indicate that the availability and utilization of brain resources are crucial for a good gait performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan Nguyen
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kim-Charline Broscheid
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bielitzki
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Weber
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Libnow
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Victoria Malczewski
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Baldauf
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Xenia Milberger
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lena Jassmann
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Wustmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Klinikum Magdeburg gGmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Meiler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Klinikum Magdeburg gGmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Drange
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Klinikum Magdeburg gGmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Franke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Klinikum Magdeburg gGmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Behrendt T, Bielitzki R, Behrens M, Schega L. Acute performance, physiological, and perceptual changes in response to repeated cycling sprint exercise combined with systemic and local hypoxia in young males. Physiol Behav 2023; 267:114217. [PMID: 37127074 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the acute performance, physiological, and perceptual changes during repeated sprint exercise (RSE) under normobaric hypoxia and with blood flow restriction (BFR). Fourteen active males completed standardized RSE (6 × 10s cycling sprints with 30s passive rest) in three randomized conditions: under normobaric hypoxia (FiO2∼14.4%, HYP), normoxia (FiO2∼20.9%, SHAM), and with BFR (40% arterial occlusion pressure). The percentage decrement score of power output (Sdec) was used to quantify motor performance fatigue. During RSE, muscle oxygenation and activity of the right quadriceps were measured. Perceived motor fatigue, physical strain, affective valence, and arousal were queried after each sprint. Blood lactate concentration (BLC) and peripheral oxygenation (SpO2) were measured before and after RSE. Sdec was greater in HYP and BFR compared to SHAM (p≤0.008). BFR decreased mean power output (p<0.001) and muscle activity (p=0.027) compared to SHAM. Muscle oxygenation was lower in BFR during each rest (p≤0.005) and in HYP during rest 4 (p=0.006) compared to SHAM. HYP increased BLC and decreased SpO2 compared to BFR (p<0.001) and SHAM (p=0.002). There were no differences between conditions for any rating scale (p≥0.060). HYP and BFR increased motor performance fatigue but with different physiological responses, whereas perceptual responses were unaffected during RSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Behrendt
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Bielitzki
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
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Gruet M, Behrens M, Peyré-Tartaruga LA. Editorial: Improving exercise testing methods and interpretation in human health and diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1188429. [PMID: 37082247 PMCID: PMC10111030 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1188429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Gruet
- IAPS Laboratory, University of Toulon, Toulon, France
- *Correspondence: Mathieu Gruet,
| | - Martin Behrens
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Leonardo A Peyré-Tartaruga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Pneumológicas, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto, Alegre/Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- LaBiodin Biodynamics Laboratory, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Osterloh J, Knaack F, Bader R, Behrens M, Peschers J, Nawrath L, Bergschmidt P, Darowski M. The effect of a digital-assisted group rehabilitation on clinical and functional outcomes after total hip and knee arthroplasty-a prospective randomized controlled pilot study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:190. [PMID: 36915066 PMCID: PMC10010966 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising number of total hip and knee arthroplasties and the decreasing availability of physiotherapists require clinically and economically effective rehabilitation approaches. Therefore, the present pilot study investigated the effect of a novel digital-assisted individualized group rehabilitation program on clinical and functional outcomes after total hip and knee arthroplasty. METHODS In this randomized controlled pilot study, 26 patients undergoing total knee or hip replacement were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (IG, novel digital-assisted group therapy) or the control group (CG, standard postoperative physiotherapy currently carried out in Germany). The IG received the novel digital-assisted group therapy twice per week for a six-months period, while the CG received individual outpatient therapy depending on the prescription of the supervising physician. The number of therapy sessions was recorded. Moreover, subjective outcomes (EuroQol-5Dimensions (EQ-5D) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)), functional outcome (30 s sit to stand test and timed up and go test (TUG)), as well as gait parameters were quantified preoperatively as well as at three and six months after surgery. Data were analyzed using an analysis of covariance with baseline-adjustment. RESULTS No patient-reported falls, pain, and hospital readmissions were recorded. On average, the IG received more therapy sessions. The clinical and functional outcomes were mainly not significantly different between groups at three- and six-months follow-up, but medium to large effect sizes for the differences in quality of life (EQ-5D) as well as pain, stiffness, and physical function (WOMAC), and TUG performance were observed in favor of the IG. However, the IG showed a higher variability of gait velocity after total joint replacement. CONCLUSION The digital-assisted rehabilitation had positive effects on quality of life, pain, stiffness, physical function, and TUG performance. Nevertheless, the therapy concept may be improved by adding exercises focusing on gait performance to reduce gait variability. The results indicate that the digital-assisted therapy concept is effective and safe. Therefore, a consecutive full-scaled randomized controlled clinical trial is recommended. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was retrospectively registered on 14/02/2022 in the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00027960).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Osterloh
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Franziska Knaack
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Philipp Bergschmidt
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Clinic for Orthopaedics, Trauma and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Südstadt Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Darowski
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Arntz F, Markov A, Behm DG, Behrens M, Negra Y, Nakamura M, Moran J, Chaabene H. Chronic Effects of Static Stretching Exercises on Muscle Strength and Power in Healthy Individuals Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review with Multi-level Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2023; 53:723-745. [PMID: 36719536 PMCID: PMC9935669 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current literature on the chronic effects of static stretching (SS) exercises on muscle strength and power is unclear and controversial. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the chronic effects of SS exercises on muscle strength and power as well as flexibility in healthy individuals across the lifespan. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis of (randomized) controlled trials. DATA SOURCES A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus up to May 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES We included studies that investigated the chronic effects of SS exercises on at least one muscle strength and power outcome compared to an active/passive control group or the contralateral leg (i.e., using between- or within-study designs, respectively) in healthy individuals, irrespective of age, sex, and training status. RESULTS The main findings of 41 studies indicated trivial-to-small positive effects of chronic SS exercises on muscle strength (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.21, [95% confidence interval 0.10-0.32], p = 0.001) and power (SMD = 0.19, 95% confidence interval 0.12-0.26], p < 0.001). For flexibility, moderate-to-large increases were observed (SMD = 0.96, [95% confidence interval 0.70-1.22], p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses, taking the participants' training status into account, revealed a larger muscle strength improvement for sedentary (SMD = 0.58, p < 0.001) compared with recreationally active participants (SMD = 0.16, p = 0.029). Additionally, larger flexibility gains were observed following passive (SMD = 0.97, p < 0.001) compared with active SS exercises (SMD = 0.59, p = 0.001). The chronic effects of SS on muscle strength were moderated by the proportion of female individuals in the sample (β = 0.004, p = 0.042), with higher proportions experiencing larger gains. Other moderating variables included mean age (β = 0.011, p < 0.001), with older individuals showing larger muscle strength gains, and the number of repetitions per stretching exercise and session (β = 0.023, p = 0.004 and β = 0.013, p = 0.008, respectively), with more repetitions associated with larger muscle strength improvements. Muscle power was also moderated by mean age (β = 0.006, p = 0.007) with larger gains in older individuals. The meta-regression analysis indicated larger flexibility gains with more repetitions per session (β = 0.094, p = 0.016), more time under stretching per session (β = 0.090, p = 0.026), and more total time under stretching (β = 0.078, p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS The main findings indicated that chronic SS exercises have the potential to improve muscle strength and power. Such improvements appear to benefit sedentary more than recreationally active participants. Likewise, chronic SS exercises result in a marked enhancement in flexibility with larger effects of passive, as compared with active, SS. The results of the meta-regression analysis for muscle strength indicated larger benefits of chronic SS exercises in samples with higher proportions of female, older participants, and a higher number of repetitions per stretching exercise and session. For muscle power, results suggested larger gains for older participants. Regarding flexibility, findings indicated larger benefits following a higher number of repetitions per exercise and a longer time under stretching per session as well as a longer total time under stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Arntz
- Division of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 9, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Adrian Markov
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Martin Behrens
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yassine Negra
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) "Sports Performance, Health and Society", Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Masatoshi Nakamura
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishi Kyushu University, 4490-9 Ozaki, Kanzaki, Saga, Japan
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany. .,High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, 7100, Kef, Tunisia.
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10
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Behrens M, Gube M, Chaabene H, Prieske O, Zenon A, Broscheid KC, Schega L, Husmann F, Weippert M. Fatigue and Human Performance: An Updated Framework. Sports Med 2023; 53:7-31. [PMID: 36258141 PMCID: PMC9807493 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue has been defined differently in the literature depending on the field of research. The inconsistent use of the term fatigue complicated scientific communication, thereby limiting progress towards a more in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. Therefore, Enoka and Duchateau (Med Sci Sports Exerc 48:2228-38, 2016, [3]) proposed a fatigue framework that distinguishes between trait fatigue (i.e., fatigue experienced by an individual over a longer period of time) and motor or cognitive task-induced state fatigue (i.e., self-reported disabling symptom derived from the two interdependent attributes performance fatigability and perceived fatigability). Thereby, performance fatigability describes a decrease in an objective performance measure, while perceived fatigability refers to the sensations that regulate the integrity of the performer. Although this framework served as a good starting point to unravel the psychophysiology of fatigue, several important aspects were not included and the interdependence of the mechanisms driving performance fatigability and perceived fatigability were not comprehensively discussed. Therefore, the present narrative review aimed to (1) update the fatigue framework suggested by Enoka and Duchateau (Med Sci Sports Exerc 48:2228-38, 2016, [3]) pertaining the taxonomy (i.e., cognitive performance fatigue and perceived cognitive fatigue were added) and important determinants that were not considered previously (e.g., effort perception, affective valence, self-regulation), (2) discuss the mechanisms underlying performance fatigue and perceived fatigue in response to motor and cognitive tasks as well as their interdependence, and (3) provide recommendations for future research on these interactions. We propose to define motor or cognitive task-induced state fatigue as a psychophysiological condition characterized by a decrease in motor or cognitive performance (i.e., motor or cognitive performance fatigue, respectively) and/or an increased perception of fatigue (i.e., perceived motor or cognitive fatigue). These dimensions are interdependent, hinge on different determinants, and depend on body homeostasis (e.g., wakefulness, core temperature) as well as several modulating factors (e.g., age, sex, diseases, characteristics of the motor or cognitive task). Consequently, there is no single factor primarily determining performance fatigue and perceived fatigue in response to motor or cognitive tasks. Instead, the relative weight of each determinant and their interaction are modulated by several factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Behrens
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Martin Gube
- Department of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Olaf Prieske
- Division of Exercise and Movement, University of Applied Sciences for Sports and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexandre Zenon
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA)-UMR 5287, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kim-Charline Broscheid
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Weippert
- Department of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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11
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Wenning M, Mauch M, Heitner AH, Heinrich S, Sofack GN, Behrens M, Ritzmann R. General, spinal or regional anaesthesia does not affect strength performance 6 months after ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:487-494. [PMID: 35908113 PMCID: PMC9898431 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-07052-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The recovery of strength is a key element in successfully returning to sports after ACL reconstruction. The type of anaesthesia has been suspected an influential factor in the post-operative recovery of muscle function. METHODS In this retrospective analysis, n = 442 consecutive patients undergoing primary isolated ACL reconstruction using a hamstring autograft were analysed by pre- and post-operative isokinetic tests in a single orthopaedic centre. These were subdivided into four cohorts: (1) general anaesthesia (n = 47), (2) general anaesthesia with prolonged (48 h) on-demand femoral nerve block (n = 37), (3) spinal anaesthesia (n = 169) and (4) spinal anaesthesia with prolonged (48 h) on-demand femoral nerve block (n = 185). Primary outcome was the change from pre- to post-operative isokinetic strength during knee extension and flexion. RESULTS Using one-way ANOVA, there was no significant influence of the type of anaesthesia. The main effect of anaesthesia on change in extension forces was not significant, and effect sizes were very small (n.s.). Similarly, the main effect of anaesthesia on change in flexion forces was statistically not significant (n.s.). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study support the interpretation that the type of anaesthesia has no significant effect on the ability to recover thigh muscle strength 6 months after isolated hamstring ACL reconstruction. With regard to the recovery of athletic performance and return-to-sports testing criteria, there is no reason to avoid regional anaesthesia. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Wenning
- Rennbahnklinik, Muttenz, Basel, Switzerland ,Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Mauch
- Department of Biomechanics, Rennbahnklinik, Kriegackerstrasse 100, Muttenz, CH-4132, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - S. Heinrich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - G. N. Sofack
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Behrens
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R. Ritzmann
- Rennbahnklinik, Muttenz, Basel, Switzerland ,Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Fleckenstein J, Floessel P, Engel T, Krempel L, Stoll J, Behrens M, Niederer D. Individualized Exercise in Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Exercise Alone or in Combination with Psychological Interventions on Pain and Disability. J Pain 2022; 23:1856-1873. [PMID: 35914641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression investigated the effects of individualized interventions, based on exercise alone or combined with psychological treatment, on pain intensity and disability in patients with chronic non-specific low-back-pain. Databases were searched up to January 31, 2022 to retrieve respective randomized controlled trials of individualized and/or personalized and/or stratified exercise interventions with or without psychological treatment compared to any control. Fifty-eight studies (n = 10084) were included. At short-term follow-up (12 weeks), low-certainty evidence for pain intensity (SMD -0.28 [95%CI -0.42 to -0.14]) and very low-certainty evidence for disability (-0.17 [-0.31 to -0.02]) indicates effects of individualized versus active exercises, and very low-certainty evidence for pain intensity (-0.40; [-0.58 to -0.22])), but not (low-certainty evidence) for disability (-0.18; [-0.22 to 0.01]) compared to passive controls. At long-term follow-up (1 year), moderate-certainty evidence for pain intensity (-0.14 [-0.22 to -0.07]) and disability (-0.20 [-0.30 to -0.10]) indicates effects versus passive controls. Sensitivity analyses indicates that the effects on pain, but not on disability (always short-term and versus active treatments) were robust. Pain reduction caused by individualized exercise treatments in combination with psychological interventions (in particular behavioral-cognitive therapies) (-0.28 [-0.42 to -0.14], low certainty) is of clinical importance. Certainty of evidence was downgraded mainly due to evidence of risk of bias, publication bias and inconsistency that could not be explained. Individualized exercise can treat pain and disability in chronic non-specific low-back-pain. The effects at short term are of clinical importance (relative differences versus active 38% and versus passive interventions 77%), especially in regard to the little extra effort to individualize exercise. Sub-group analysis suggests a combination of individualized exercise (especially motor-control based treatments) with behavioral therapy interventions to booster effects. PERSPECTIVE: The relative benefit of individualized exercise therapy on chronic low back pain compared to other active treatments is approximately 38% which is of clinical importance. Still, sustainability of effects (> 12 months) is doubtable. As individualization in exercise therapies is easy to implement, its use should be considered. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42021247331.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fleckenstein
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute of Sports Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Pain Medicine, Klinikum Landsberg am Lech, Landsberg am Lech, Germany.
| | - Philipp Floessel
- TU Dresden- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University Center of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman Engel
- University of Potsdam, University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine and Sports Orthopedics, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Laura Krempel
- University of Wuppertal, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Josefine Stoll
- University of Potsdam, University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine and Sports Orthopedics, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Orthopedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel Niederer
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute of Sports Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Frankfurt am Main; Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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13
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Wahl S, Steen‐Larsen HC, Hughes AG, Dietrich LJ, Zuhr A, Behrens M, Faber A, Hörhold M. Atmosphere-Snow Exchange Explains Surface Snow Isotope Variability. Geophys Res Lett 2022; 49:e2022GL099529. [PMID: 36582355 PMCID: PMC9787379 DOI: 10.1029/2022gl099529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The climate signal imprinted in the snow isotopic composition allows to infer past climate variability from ice core stable water isotope records. The concurrent evolution of vapor and surface snow isotopic composition between precipitation events indicates that post-depositional atmosphere-snow humidity exchange influences the snow and hence the ice core isotope signal. To date, however, this is not accounted for in paeleoclimate reconstructions from isotope records. Here we show that vapor-snow exchange explains 36% of the summertime day-to-day δ18O variability of the surface snow between precipitation events, and 53% of the δD variability. Through observations from the Greenland Ice Sheet and accompanying modeling we demonstrate that vapor-snow exchange introduces a warm bias on the summertime snow isotope value relevant for ice core records. In case of long-term variability in atmosphere-snow exchange the relevance for the ice core signal is also variable and thus paleoclimate reconstructions from isotope records should be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Wahl
- University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergenNorway
| | - H. C. Steen‐Larsen
- University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergenNorway
| | - A. G. Hughes
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine ResearchUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
| | - L. J. Dietrich
- University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergenNorway
| | - A. Zuhr
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institut Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar‐ und MeeresforschungResearch Unit PotsdamPotsdamGermany
- University of PotsdamInstitute of GeosciencesPotsdamGermany
| | - M. Behrens
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institut Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar‐ und MeeresforschungResearch Unit BremerhavenBremerhavenGermany
| | - A.‐K. Faber
- University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergenNorway
| | - M. Hörhold
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institut Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar‐ und MeeresforschungResearch Unit BremerhavenBremerhavenGermany
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Behrendt T, Altorjay AC, Bielitzki R, Behrens M, Glazachev OS, Schega L. Influence of acute and chronic intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure prior to aerobic exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in geriatric patients-a randomized controlled trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1043536. [PMID: 36388103 PMCID: PMC9650443 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1043536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure (IHHE) and aerobic training have been proposed as non-pharmacological interventions to reduce age-related risk factors. However, no study has yet examined the effects of IHHE before aerobic exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects of IHHE prior to aerobic cycling exercise on blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations as well as blood pressure in geriatric patients. Methods: In a randomized, controlled, and single-blinded trial, thirty geriatric patients (72-94 years) were assigned to two groups: intervention (IG; n = 16) and sham control group (CG; n = 14). Both groups completed 6 weeks of aerobic cycling training, 3 times a week for 20 min per day. The IG and CG were additionally exposed to IHHE or sham IHHE (i.e., normoxia) for 30 min prior to aerobic cycling. Blood samples were taken on three occasions: immediately before the first, ∼10 min after the first, and immediately before the last session. Blood samples were analyzed for total (tCh), high-density (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (Tgl) serum concentration. Resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was assessed within 1 week before, during (i.e., at week two and four), and after the interventions. Results: The baseline-adjusted ANCOVA revealed a higher LDL-C concentration in the IG compared to the CG after the first intervention session (ηp 2 = 0.12). For tCh, HDL-C, Tgl, and tCh/HDL-C ratio there were no differences in acute changes between the IG and the CG (ηp 2 ≤ 0.01). With regard to the chronic effects on lipids and lipoproteins, data analysis indicated no differences between groups (ηp 2 ≤ 0.03). The repeated measures ANOVA revealed an interaction effect for SBP (ηp 2 = 0.06) but not for DBP (ηp 2 ≤ 0.01). Within-group post-hoc analysis for the IG indicated a reduction in SBP at post-test (d = 0.05). Conclusion: Applying IHHE prior to aerobic cycling seems to be effective to reduce SBP in geriatric patients after 6 weeks of training. The present study suggests that IHHE prior to aerobic cycling can influence the acute exercise-related responses in LDL-C concentration but did not induce chronic changes in basal lipid or lipoprotein concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Behrendt
- Department for Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Altorjay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bielitzki
- Department for Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- Department for Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oleg S. Glazachev
- Departement Human Physiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department for Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Behrens M, Pekarek A. Delivering the goods? German industrial relations institutions during the COVID-19 crisis. Ind Relat (Berkeley) 2022; 62:IREL12319. [PMID: 35942224 PMCID: PMC9350027 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused labor market disruptions at an unprecedented scale and is akin to a stress test for industrial relations institutions. Drawing on a large-scale (n = 6111) study of German employees, we empirically investigate whether and how the two institutions comprising Germany's dual system of employee representation-works councils and collective bargaining-have delivered on their protective potential and mitigated the impact of the pandemic on workers. We demonstrate that employees in representative environments fare better on a range of protective outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Pekarek
- Department of Management and MarketingThe University of MelbourneCarltonVictoriaAustralia
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16
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Arntz F, Mkaouer B, Markov A, Schoenfeld BJ, Moran J, Ramirez-Campillo R, Behrens M, Baumert P, Erskine RM, Hauser L, Chaabene H. Effect of Plyometric Jump Training on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review With Multilevel Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:888464. [PMID: 35832484 PMCID: PMC9271893 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.888464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in healthy individuals. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to September 2021. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The main overall finding (44 effect sizes across 15 clusters median = 2, range = 1–15 effects per cluster) indicated that plyometric jump training had small to moderate effects [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.47 (95% CIs = 0.23–0.71); p < 0.001] on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Subgroup analyses for training experience revealed trivial to large effects in non-athletes [SMD = 0.55 (95% CIs = 0.18–0.93); p = 0.007] and trivial to moderate effects in athletes [SMD = 0.33 (95% CIs = 0.16–0.51); p = 0.001]. Regarding muscle groups, results showed moderate effects for the knee extensors [SMD = 0.72 (95% CIs = 0.66–0.78), p < 0.001] and equivocal effects for the plantar flexors [SMD = 0.65 (95% CIs = −0.25–1.55); p = 0.143]. As to the assessment methods of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, findings indicated trivial to small effects for prediction equations [SMD = 0.29 (95% CIs = 0.16–0.42); p < 0.001] and moderate-to-large effects for ultrasound imaging [SMD = 0.74 (95% CIs = 0.59–0.89); p < 0.001]. Meta-regression analysis indicated that the weekly session frequency moderates the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, with a higher weekly session frequency inducing larger hypertrophic gains [β = 0.3233 (95% CIs = 0.2041–0.4425); p < 0.001]. We found no clear evidence that age, sex, total training period, single session duration, or the number of jumps per week moderate the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy [β = −0.0133 to 0.0433 (95% CIs = −0.0387 to 0.1215); p = 0.101–0.751]. Conclusion: Plyometric jump training can induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy, regardless of age and sex. There is evidence for relatively larger effects in non-athletes compared with athletes. Further, the weekly session frequency seems to moderate the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, whereby more frequent weekly plyometric jump training sessions elicit larger hypertrophic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Arntz
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - B. Mkaouer
- Department of Individual Sports, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - A. Markov
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - B. J. Schoenfeld
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - J. Moran
- Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, School of Sport, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - R. Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - M. Behrens
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - P. Baumert
- Exercise Biology Group, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R. M. Erskine
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - L. Hauser
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - H. Chaabene
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: H. Chaabene,
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Behrendt T, Bielitzki R, Behrens M, Herold F, Schega L. Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia on Performance- and Health-Related Outcomes in Humans: A Systematic Review. Sports Med Open 2022; 8:70. [PMID: 35639211 PMCID: PMC9156652 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent hypoxia applied at rest or in combination with exercise promotes multiple beneficial adaptations with regard to performance and health in humans. It was hypothesized that replacing normoxia by moderate hyperoxia can increase the adaptive response to the intermittent hypoxic stimulus. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to systematically review the current state of the literature on the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia (IHH) on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science™, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (January 2000 to September 2021) using the following inclusion criteria: (1) original research articles involving humans, (2) investigation of the chronic effect of IHH, (3) inclusion of a control group being not exposed to IHH, and (4) articles published in peer-reviewed journals written in English. RESULTS Of 1085 articles initially found, eight studies were included. IHH was solely performed at rest in different populations including geriatric patients (n = 1), older patients with cardiovascular (n = 3) and metabolic disease (n = 2) or cognitive impairment (n = 1), and young athletes with overtraining syndrome (n = 1). The included studies confirmed the beneficial effects of chronic exposure to IHH, showing improvements in exercise tolerance, peak oxygen uptake, and global cognitive functions, as well as lowered blood glucose levels. A trend was discernible that chronic exposure to IHH can trigger a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The evidence of whether IHH exerts beneficial effects on blood lipid levels and haematological parameters is currently inconclusive. A meta-analysis was not possible because the reviewed studies had a considerable heterogeneity concerning the investigated populations and outcome parameters. CONCLUSION Based on the published literature, it can be suggested that chronic exposure to IHH might be a promising non-pharmacological intervention strategy for improving peak oxygen consumption, exercise tolerance, and cognitive performance as well as reducing blood glucose levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases or cognitive impairment. However, further randomized controlled trials with adequate sample sizes are needed to confirm and extend the evidence. This systematic review was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021281248) ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Behrendt
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bielitzki
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Str. 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Disease, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
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Behrendt T, Bielitzki R, Behrens M, Glazachev OS, Schega L. Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia Exposure Prior to Aerobic Cycling Exercise on Physical and Cognitive Performance in Geriatric Patients—A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:899096. [PMID: 35694402 PMCID: PMC9178199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.899096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: It was recently shown that intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure (IHHE) applied prior to a multimodal training program promoted additional improvements in cognitive and physical performance in geriatric patients compared to physical training only. However, there is a gap in the literature to which extent the addition of IHHE can enhance the effects of an aerobic training. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of IHHE applied prior to aerobic cycling exercise on cognitive and physical performance in geriatric patients. Methods: In a randomized, two-armed, controlled, and single-blinded trial, 25 geriatric patients (77–94 years) were assigned to two groups: intervention group (IG) and sham control group (CG). Both groups completed 6 weeks of aerobic training using a motorized cycle ergometer, three times a week for 20 min per day. The IG was additionally exposed to intermittent hypoxic and hyperoxic periods for 30 min prior to exercise. The CG followed the similar procedure breathing sham hypoxia and hyperoxia (i.e., normoxia). Within 1 week before and after the interventions, cognitive performance was assessed with the Dementia-Detection Test (DemTect) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), while physical performance was measured using the Timed “Up and Go” Test (TUG) and the Short-Physical-Performance-Battery (SPPB). Results: No interaction effect was found with respect to the DemTect (ηp2 = 0.02). An interaction effect with medium effect size (ηp2 = 0.08) was found for CDT performance with a higher change over time for IG (d = 0.57) compared to CG (d = 0.05). The ANCOVA with baseline-adjustment indicated between-group differences with a large and medium effect size at post-test for the TUG (ηp2 = 0.29) and SPPB (ηp2 = 0.06) performance, respectively, in favour of the IG. Within-group post-hoc analysis showed that the TUG performance was worsened in the CG (d = 0.65) and remained unchanged in the IG (d = 0.19). Furthermore, SPPB performance was increased (d = 0.58) in IG, but no relevant change over time was found for CG (d = 0.00). Conclusion: The current study suggests that an additional IHHE prior to aerobic cycling exercise seems to be more effective to increase global cognitive functions as well as physical performance and to preserve functional mobility in geriatric patients in comparison to aerobic exercise alone after a 6-week intervention period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Behrendt
- Department for Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tom Behrendt,
| | - Robert Bielitzki
- Department for Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- Department for Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oleg S. Glazachev
- Department Human Physiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department for Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Broscheid KC, Behrens M, Bilgin-Egner P, Peters A, Dettmers C, Jöbges M, Schega L. Instrumented Assessment of Motor Performance Fatigability During the 6-Min Walk Test in Mildly Affected People With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:802516. [PMID: 35614920 PMCID: PMC9125148 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.802516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are conflicting results regarding the changes in spatio-temporal gait parameters during the 6-min walk test (6MWT) as indicators of gait-related motor performance fatigability (PF) in people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS). To further analyze if gait-related motor PF can be quantified using instrumented gait analysis during the 6MWT, we investigated: (i) whether gait parameters recorded during the first or second minute were more stable and thus the better baseline to assess motor PF and (ii) if the minimum toe clearance (MTC) together with “classical” spatio-temporal gait parameters can be used to quantify motor PF in pwMS. Nineteen mildly affected pwMS [12 women/7 men; 47.8 ± 9.0 years; the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): 2.7 ± 1.0] and 24 healthy controls (HC; 15 women/9 men; 48.8 ± 7.6 years) completed the 6MWT equipped with inertial measurement units. Data were analyzed using the attractor method to compare the stability of gait parameters and, besides “classical” spatio-temporal gait parameters, the MTC was calculated as a potential new marker for motor PF in pwMS as this was shown in healthy older adults. It was found that (i) gait parameters were more stable in the second than in the first minute and (ii) gait-related motor PF could not be detected based on spatio-temporal gait parameters, including the MTC. Descriptive analysis indicated a decrease in MTC variability, which is assumed to be indicative for motor PF, toward the end of the 6MWT in some pwMS. Future studies should investigate gait parameters for the assessment of motor PF in pwMS recorded during more intense and/or longer walking protocols, taking the level of disability into account. Furthermore, using gait parameters recorded in the first minute of the 6MWT as a baseline for the assessment of motor PF should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Charline Broscheid
- Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kim-Charline Broscheid
| | - Martin Behrens
- Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Patrizia Bilgin-Egner
- Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Lutz Schega
- Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Behrens M. New insights into the effects of acute intermittent hypoxia on neural plasticity in the human motor system. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:560-561. [DOI: 10.1113/ep090462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Behrens
- Department of Sport Science Institute III Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
- Department of Orthopedics Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
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Broscheid KC, Behrens M, Dettmers C, Jöbges M, Schega L. Effects of a 6-Min Treadmill Walking Test on Dual-Task Gait Performance and Prefrontal Hemodynamics in People With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:822952. [PMID: 35463151 PMCID: PMC9022001 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.822952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is one of the most limiting symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and can be subdivided into trait and state fatigue. Activity-induced state fatigue describes the temporary decline in motor and/or cognitive performance (motor and cognitive performance fatigability, respectively) and/or the increase in the perception of fatigue (perceived fatigability) in response to motor or cognitive tasks. To the best of our knowledge, the effects of a 6-min walk test (6MWT), which was often used to assess motor performance fatigability in pwMS, on motor-cognitive dual-task performance (i.e., walking + arithmetic task) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) hemodynamics are not well-known. This is of importance, since daily activities are often performed as multitasks and a worse dual-task walking performance is associated with an increased risk of falling. Consequently, we investigated the effect of a fast 6MWT (comfort velocity + 15%) performed on a treadmill on motor-cognitive performance fatigability (spatio-temporal gait parameters/accuracy during the arithmetic task) and perceived fatigability measures (rating of perceived exhaustion; RPE) as well as PFC hemodynamics recorded during dual-task walking in pwMS and healthy controls (HCs). Twenty pwMS (48.3 ± 9.0 years; 13 females/7 males; expanded disability status scale 2.7 ± 1.0, first diagnosis 13.8 ± 8.8 years) and 24 HC with similar age and sex (48.6 ± 7.9 years; 17 females/7 males) were included. Only cognitive performance fatigability (increased error rate) during dual-task walking was found after the fast 6MWT on the treadmill in pwMS. However, the changes in gait parameters did not indicate motor performance fatigability, although both the groups reported perceived fatigability (increased RPE) after the fast 6MWT. Moreover, no change in the PFC activation was detected in both groups. Our results suggest that the intensity and/or duration of the fast 6MWT was not sufficient to induce motor performance fatigability in pwMS. These factors should be addressed by future studies on this topic, which should also consider further parameters, e.g., muscular oxygenation and/or myoelectrical activity, to verify that exercise intensity and/or duration was appropriate to induce motor performance fatigability in pwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Charline Broscheid
- Department of Sport Science, Chair of Health and Physical Activity, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kim-Charline Broscheid
| | - Martin Behrens
- Department of Sport Science, Chair of Health and Physical Activity, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Chair of Health and Physical Activity, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Bielitzki R, Behrendt T, Behrens M, Schega L. Current Techniques Used for Practical Blood Flow Restriction Training: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2936-2951. [PMID: 34319939 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bielitzki, R, Behrendt, T, Behrens, M, and Schega, L. Current techniques used for practical blood flow restriction training: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2936-2951, 2021-The purpose of this article was to systematically review the available scientific evidence on current methods used for practical blood flow restriction (pBFR) training together with application characteristics as well as advantages and disadvantages of each technique. A literature search was conducted in different databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) for the period from January 2000 to December 2020. Inclusion criteria for this review were (a) original research involving humans, (b) the use of elastic wraps or nonpneumatic cuffs, and (c) articles written in English. Of 26 studies included and reviewed, 15 were conducted using an acute intervention (11 in the lower body and 4 in the upper body), and 11 were performed with a chronic intervention (8 in the lower body, 1 in the upper body, and 2 in both the upper and the lower body). Three pBFR techniques could be identified: (a) based on the perceptual response (perceived pressure technique), (b) based on the overlap of the cuff (absolute and relative overlap technique), and (c) based on the cuffs' maximal tensile strength (maximal cuff elasticity technique). In conclusion, the perceived pressure technique is simple, valid for the first application, and can be used independently of the cuffs' material properties, but is less reliable within a person over time. The absolute and relative overlap technique as well as the maximal cuff elasticity technique might be applied more reliably due to markings, but require a cuff with constant material properties over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bielitzki
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; and
| | - Tom Behrendt
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; and
| | - Martin Behrens
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; and
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; and
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Bielitzki R, Behrendt T, Behrens M, Schega L. Time to Save Time: Beneficial Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training and the Need to Quantify the Time Potentially Saved by Its Application During Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. Phys Ther 2021; 101:6315163. [PMID: 34228788 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of musculoskeletal rehabilitation is to achieve the pre-injury and/or pre-surgery physical function level with a low risk of re-injury. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a promising alternative to conventional therapy approaches during musculoskeletal rehabilitation because various studies support its beneficial effects on muscle mass, strength, aerobic capacity, and pain perception. In this perspective article, we used an evidence-based progressive model of a rehabilitative program that integrated BFR in 4 rehabilitation phases: (1) passive BFR, (2) BFR combined with aerobic training, (3) BFR combined with low-load resistance training, and (4) BFR combined with low-load resistance training and traditional high-load resistance training. Considering the current research, we propose that a BFR-assisted rehabilitation has the potential to shorten the time course of therapy to reach the stage where the patient is able to tolerate resistance training with high loads. The information and arguments presented are intended to stimulate future research, which compares the time to achieve rehabilitative milestones and their physiological bases in each stage of the musculoskeletal rehabilitation process. This requires the quantification of BFR training-induced adaptations (eg, muscle mass, strength, capillary-to-muscle-area ratio, hypoalgesia, molecular changes) and the associated changes in performance with a high measurement frequency (≤1 week) to test our hypothesis. This information will help to quantify the time saved by BFR-assisted musculoskeletal rehabilitation. This is of particular importance for patients, because the potentially accelerated recovery of physical functioning would allow them to return to their work and/or social life earlier. Furthermore, other stakeholders in the health care system (eg, physicians, nurses, physical therapists, insurance companies) might benefit from that with regard to work and financial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bielitzki
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tom Behrendt
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Conradi N, Salim M, Behrens M, Hermsen A, Kannemann T, Merkel N, Schuster A, Strzelczyk A, Rosenow F. FV 6. Factors influencing the adequacy of determining hemispheric language lateralization in presurgical epilepsy patients using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD). Clin Neurophysiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.02.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Schuster A, Behrens M, Conradi N, Strzelczyk A, Rosenow F, Rampp S, Merkel N. P4. Lateralisation of delta band activity in the MEG in patients with focal epilepsy and its relation to verbal fluency. Clin Neurophysiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.02.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Conradi N, Rosenberg F, Knake S, Biermann L, Haag A, Gorny I, Hermsen A, von Podewils V, Behrens M, Gurschi M, du Mesnil de Rochemont R, Menzler K, Bauer S, Schubert-Bast S, Nimsky C, Konczalla J, Rosenow F, Strzelczyk A. FV 4. Contribution of Wada test results to the prediction of change in verbal learning and memory function after epilepsy surgery in the temporal lobe. Clin Neurophysiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.02.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jacksteit R, Stöckel T, Behrens M, Feldhege F, Bergschmidt P, Bader R, Mittelmeier W, Skripitz R, Mau-Moeller A. Low-Load Unilateral and Bilateral Resistance Training to Restore Lower Limb Function in the Early Rehabilitation After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Active-Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:628021. [PMID: 34239883 PMCID: PMC8257942 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.628021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Continuous passive motion (CPM) is frequently used during rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Low-load resistance training (LLRT) using continuous active motion (CAM) devices is a promising alternative. We investigated the effectiveness of CPM compared to LLRT using the affected leg (CAMuni) and both legs (CAMbi) in the early post-operative rehabilitation. Hypotheses: (I) LLRT (CAMuni and CAMbi) is superior to CPM, (II) additional training of the unaffected leg (CAMbi) is more effective than unilateral training (CAMuni). Materials and Methods: Eighty-five TKA patients were randomly assigned to three groups, respectively: (i) unilateral CPM of the operated leg; (ii) unilateral CAM of the operated leg (CAMuni); (iii) bilateral alternating CAM (CAMbi). Patients were assessed 1 day before TKA (pre-test), 1 day before discharge (post-test), and 3 months post-operatively (follow-up). Primary outcome: active knee flexion range of motion (ROMFlex). Secondary outcomes: active knee extension ROM (ROMExt), swelling, pain, C-reactive protein, quality of life (Qol), physical activity, timed-up-and-go performance, stair-climbing performance, quadriceps muscle strength. Analyses of covariances were performed (modified intention-to-treat and per-protocol). Results: Hypothesis I: Primary outcome: CAMbi resulted in a higher ROMFlex of 9.0° (95%CI −18.03–0.04°, d = 0.76) and 6.3° (95%CI −14.31–0.99°, d = 0.61) compared to CPM at post-test and follow-up, respectively. Secondary outcomes: At post-test, C-reactive protein was lower in both CAM groups compared with CPM. Knee pain was lower in CAMuni compared to CPM. Improved ROMExt, reduced swelling, better stair-climbing and timed-up-and-go performance were observed for CAMbi compared to CPM. At follow-up, both CAM groups reported higher Qol and CAMbi showed a better timed-up-and-go performance. Hypothesis II: Primary outcome: CAMbi resulted in a higher knee ROMFlex of 6.5° (95%CI −2.16–15.21°, d = 0.56) compared to CAMuni at post-test. Secondary outcomes: At post-test, improved ROMExt, reduced swelling, and better timed-up-and-go performance were observed in CAMbi compared to CAMuni. Conclusions: Additional LLRT of the unaffected leg (CAMbi) seems to be more effective for recovery of function than training of the affected leg only (CAMuni), which may be mediated by positive transfer effects from the unaffected to the affected limb (cross education) and/or preserved neuromuscular function of the trained, unaffected leg. Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02062138.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jacksteit
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tino Stöckel
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Feldhege
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Philipp Bergschmidt
- Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Südstadt, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Skripitz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Roland Klinik, Bremen, Germany
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Prieske O, Behrens M, Chaabene H, Granacher U, Maffiuletti NA. Time to Differentiate Postactivation "Potentiation" from "Performance Enhancement" in the Strength and Conditioning Community. Sports Med 2021; 50:1559-1565. [PMID: 32495254 PMCID: PMC7441077 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Coaches and athletes in elite sports are constantly seeking to use innovative and advanced training strategies to efficiently improve strength/power performance in already highly-trained individuals. In this regard, high-intensity conditioning contractions have become a popular means to induce acute improvements primarily in muscle contractile properties, which are supposed to translate to subsequent power performances. This performance-enhancing physiological mechanism has previously been called postactivation potentiation (PAP). However, in contrast to the traditional mechanistic understanding of PAP that is based on electrically-evoked twitch properties, an increasing number of studies used the term PAP while referring to acute performance enhancements, even if physiological measures of PAP were not directly assessed. In this current opinion article, we compare the two main approaches (i.e., mechanistic vs. performance) used in the literature to describe PAP effects. We additionally discuss potential misconceptions in the general use of the term PAP. Studies showed that mechanistic and performance-related PAP approaches have different characteristics in terms of the applied research field (basic vs. applied), effective conditioning contractions (e.g., stimulated vs. voluntary), verification (lab-based vs. field tests), effects (twitch peak force vs. maximal voluntary strength), occurrence (consistent vs. inconsistent), and time course (largest effect immediately after vs. ~ 7 min after the conditioning contraction). Moreover, cross-sectional studies revealed inconsistent and trivial-to-large-sized associations between selected measures of mechanistic (e.g., twitch peak force) vs. performance-related PAP approaches (e.g., jump height). In an attempt to avoid misconceptions related to the two different PAP approaches, we propose to use two different terms. Postactivation potentiation should only be used to indicate the increase in muscular force/torque production during an electrically-evoked twitch. In contrast, postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) should be used to refer to the enhancement of measures of maximal strength, power, and speed following conditioning contractions. The implementation of this terminology would help to better differentiate between mechanistic and performance-related PAP approaches. This is important from a physiological point of view, but also when it comes to aggregating findings from PAP studies, e.g., in the form of meta-analyses, and translating these findings to the field of strength and conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Prieske
- University of Applied Sciences for Sports and Management Potsdam, Am Luftschiffhafen 1, 14471, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Martin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Schega L, Kaps B, Broscheid KC, Bielitzki R, Behrens M, Meiler K, Drange S, Franke J. Effects of a multimodal exercise intervention on physical and cognitive functions in patients with chronic low back pain (MultiMove): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:151. [PMID: 33653286 PMCID: PMC7923646 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common medical condition in adults over the age of 50. It is associated with severe disability, ranging from physical impairments to psychosocial distress. Since current treatments provide only small to moderate short-term effects, alternative interventions are required, whereby guidelines recommended multimodal approaches. Dancing can be considered as an inherently multimodal approach, as it requires a combination of physical and cognitive functions. Furthermore, it has already been applied effectively in neurorehabilitation. Therefore, it seems promising to merge a dance-therapeutic component together with motor-cognitive, strength and flexibility exercises in a novel multimodal treatment (MultiMove) to target the impaired everyday mobility and cognition of CLBP patients. The aim of this study is to analyse specific physical, cognitive and psychosocial effects of MultiMove in CLBP patients. METHODS A prospective, two-arm, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial will be conducted with an estimated sample size of 100 CLBP patients, assigned to either the MultiMove group or a control group. The intervention group will receive MultiMove twice a week for 60 min each over a period of 12 weeks. The primary outcome will be the mobility and function of the lower extremities assessed by the Timed Up-and-Go Test. Secondary outcomes comprise further physical and physiological functions (e.g. gait variability and haemodynamic response in the prefrontal cortex during motor-cognitive dual tasks), subjective health state (e.g. disability in daily life), executive functions (e.g. cognitive flexibility) and psychosocial aspects (e.g. kinesiophobia). Measures will be taken at baseline, after the intervention and at a 12-week follow-up. It is assumed that MultiMove improves the mentioned outcome parameters. DISCUSSION The combined assessment of changes in physical and cognitive functions as well as neuropsychological aspects in response to MultiMove will allow a better understanding of the motor-cognitive adaptations induced by multimodal exercises in CLBP patients. The specific conclusions will lead to recommendations for the conservative treatment approach in this clinically relevant patient group. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trial Register (ID: DRKS00021696 / 10.07.2020), https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00021696.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Schega
- Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Britta Kaps
- Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Kim-Charline Broscheid
- Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bielitzki
- Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Meiler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Klinikum Magdeburg gGmbH, Birkenallee 34, 39130, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Drange
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Klinikum Magdeburg gGmbH, Birkenallee 34, 39130, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Franke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Klinikum Magdeburg gGmbH, Birkenallee 34, 39130, Magdeburg, Germany
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Prießen J, Graf K, Behrens M, Schultz H. Changes of phase interfaces in rotary drums with sectional internals. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202055134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Prießen
- Lanxess Deutschland GmbH Inorganic Pigments Rheinuferstr. 7–9 47829 Krefeld Germany
- Universität Duisburg-Essen Chemie Universitätsstr. 7 45141 Essen Germany
- Hochschule Niederrhein Technische Chemie Adlerstr. 32 47798 Krefeld Germany
| | - K. Graf
- Hochschule Niederrhein Technische Chemie Adlerstr. 32 47798 Krefeld Germany
| | - M. Behrens
- Universität Duisburg-Essen Chemie Universitätsstr. 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - H. J. Schultz
- Hochschule Niederrhein Technische Chemie Adlerstr. 32 47798 Krefeld Germany
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Prießen J, Behrens M, Schultz H. Mixing and segregation in rotary drums with sectional internals. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202055135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Prießen
- Lanxess Deutschland GmbH Inorganic Pigments Rheinuferstr. 7–9 47829 Krefeld Germany
- Universität Duisburg-Essen Chemie Universitätsstr. 7 45141 Essen Germany
- Hochschule Niederrhein Technische Chemie Adlerstr. 32 47798 Krefeld Germany
| | - M. Behrens
- Universität Duisburg-Essen Chemie Universitätsstr. 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - H. J. Schultz
- Hochschule Niederrhein Technische Chemie Adlerstr. 32 47798 Krefeld Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Prießen
- Lanxess Deutschland GmbH Inorganic Pigments Rheinuferstr. 7–9 47829 Krefeld Germany
- Universität Duisburg-Essen Chemie Universitätsstr. 7 45141 Essen Germany
- Hochschule Niederrhein Technische Chemie Adlerstr. 32 47798 Krefeld Germany
| | - M. Behrens
- Universität Duisburg-Essen Chemie Universitätsstr. 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - H. J. Schultz
- Hochschule Niederrhein Technische Chemie Adlerstr. 32 47798 Krefeld Germany
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Felser S, Behrens M, Liese J, Strueder DF, Rhode K, Junghanss C, Grosse-Thie C. Feasibility and Effects of a Supervised Exercise Program Suitable for Independent Training at Home on Physical Function and Quality of Life in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1534735420918935. [PMID: 32476513 PMCID: PMC7265079 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420918935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Head and neck cancer patients often suffer from physical and cognitive impairments after cancer treatment. During rehabilitation, exercise therapy can improve physical function and quality of life (QoL). Surveys demonstrated patients' preference for home training with low- to moderate-intensity. This study was conducted in order to develope a suitable home-based training program. Therefore, the feasibility and effects of a low- to moderate-intensity exercise intervention on physical functions and QoL were evaluated. Methods: Training was conducted as supervised group training and consisted of mobilization, coordination, resistance, stretching, and relaxation exercises. The intervention lasted 12 weeks with 2 training sessions per week. Feasibility, attendance rate, physical function (eg, range of motion, 6-minute walk test [6MWT]), and QoL (eg, EORTC QLQ-30) were analyzed. Results: Ten out of 12 participants completed the intervention (83%) with an average attendance rate of 83%. Participants showed significant improvements in selected physical functions. For example, head rotation increased by 11.2° (P = .042), walking distance in the 6MWT increased by an average of 43.3 m (P = .010), and the global QoL scale improved by 8.2 points (P = .059). Additionally, there were positive changes in the physical function scale (P = .008), cognitive function scale (P = .015), and social function scale (P = .031) of the EORTC QLQ-30. Conclusion: Data indicate that the exercise program was feasible and had positive effects on physical function and QoL. Future research will analyze the effects of a home-based exercise program on physical function and QoL in a large-scale study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Felser
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Liese
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel Fabian Strueder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kirsten Rhode
- Department of Physiotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock Germany
| | - Christina Grosse-Thie
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock Germany
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Felser S, Behrens M, Lampe H, Henze L, Grosse-Thie C, Murua Escobar H, Rohde K, Albrecht I, Zschorlich V, Junghanss C. Motivation and preferences of cancer patients to perform physical training. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2020; 29:e13246. [PMID: 32476203 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this cross-sectional study were to investigate the knowledge about and experience with exercise as well as the motivation and preferences (e.g. availability) of cancer patients to participate in training groups. METHODS From 11/2017-06/2018, 181 cancer patients undergoing or completing treatment responded to a compiled questionnaire. The stage of motivation (transtheoretical model of behavioural change), exercise-related knowledge, experience and preferences were evaluated. RESULTS Knowledge about the positive effects of exercise was not associated with higher motivation stages. Higher motivation stages showed significant correlations with age (p = 0.044), exercise experience before cancer disease onset (p = 0.022) and exercise experience during cancer therapy (p = 0.013). For 59% of patients, group offers were an attractive option. Physically inactive patients preferred specialised cancer exercise groups (p = 0.002), whereas physically active patients preferred cross-disease rehabilitation exercise groups (p = 0.034) and exercise groups with healthy people (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that motivation of cancer patients for exercise depends on their experiences with physical training before and during disease treatment. Motivation could be increased by integrating exercise programmes during cancer therapy. These programmes should focus on patients inexperienced in physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Felser
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans Lampe
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Larissa Henze
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christina Grosse-Thie
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kirsten Rohde
- Department of Physiotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Imke Albrecht
- Department of Physiotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Behrens M, Zschorlich V, Mittlmeier T, Bruhn S, Husmann F. Ischemic Preconditioning Did Not Affect Central and Peripheral Factors of Performance Fatigability After Submaximal Isometric Exercise. Front Physiol 2020; 11:371. [PMID: 32411014 PMCID: PMC7199714 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to provide further insight into the mechanistic basis for the improved exercise tolerance following ischemic preconditioning (IPC) by investigating key-determinants of performance and perceived fatigability. Using a randomized, counterbalanced, single-blind, sham-controlled, crossover design, 16 males performed an isometric time-to-exhaustion test with the knee extensors at 20% maximal voluntary torque (MVT) after an IPC and a sham treatment (SHAM). Those who improved their time-to-exhaustion following IPC performed a time-matched IPC trial corresponding to the exercise duration of SHAM (IPCtm). Neuromuscular function was assessed before and after exercise termination during each condition (IPC, IPCtm, and SHAM) to analyze the impact of IPC on performance fatigability and its central and peripheral determinants. Muscle oxygenation (SmO2), muscle activity, and perceptual responses (effort and muscle pain) were recorded during exercise. Performance fatigability as well as its central and peripheral determinants were quantified as percentage pre-post changes in MVT (ΔMVT) as well as voluntary activation (ΔVA) and quadriceps twitch torque evoked by paired electrical stimuli at 100 and 10 Hz (ΔPS100 and ΔPS10⋅PS100-1 ratio), respectively. Time-to-exhaustion, performance fatigability, its determinants, muscle activity, SmO2, and perceptual responses during exercise were not different between IPC and SHAM. However, six participants improved their performance by >10% following IPC (299 ± 71 s) compared to SHAM (253 ± 66 s, d = 3.23). The time-matched comparisons (IPCtm vs. SHAM) indicated that performance fatigability, its determinants, and SmO2 were not affected, while effort perception seemed to be lower (ηp 2 = 0.495) in those who improved their time-to-exhaustion. The longer time-to-exhaustion following IPC seemed to be associated with a lower effort perception (ηp 2 = 0.380) and larger impairments in neuromuscular function, i.e., larger ΔMVT, ΔVA, and ΔPS10⋅PS100-1 ratio (d = 0.71, 1.0, 0.92, respectively). IPC did neither affect exercise tolerance, performance fatigability, as well as its central and peripheral determinants, nor muscle activity, SmO2, and perceptual responses during submaximal isometric exercise. However, IPC seemed to have an ergogenic effect in a few subjects, which might have resulted from a lower effort perception during exercise. These findings support the assumption that there are 'responders' and 'non-responders' to IPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Mittlmeier
- Department of Traumatology, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Bruhn
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Florian Husmann
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Weippert M, Petelczyc M, Thürkow C, Behrens M, Bruhn S. Individual performance progression of German elite female and male middle-distance runners. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:293-299. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1736182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Petelczyc
- Faculty of Physics Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Martin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Bruhn
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Wilke J, Hespanhol L, Behrens M. Is It All About the Fascia? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Extramuscular Connective Tissue Lesions in Muscle Strain Injury. Orthop J Sports Med 2019; 7:2325967119888500. [PMID: 31903399 PMCID: PMC6931154 DOI: 10.1177/2325967119888500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The fascia has been demonstrated to represent a potential force transmitter
intimately connected to the underlying skeletal muscle. Sports-related soft
tissue strains may therefore result in damage to both structures. Purpose: To elucidate the prevalence of connective tissue lesions in muscle strain
injury and their potential impact on return-to-play (RTP) duration. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Imaging studies describing frequency, location, and extent of soft tissue
lesions in lower limb muscle strain injuries were identified by 2
independent investigators. Weighted proportions (random effects) were pooled
for the occurrence of (1) myofascial or fascial lesions, (2) myotendinous
lesions, and (3) purely muscular lesions. Study quality was evaluated by
means of an adapted Downs and Black checklist, which evaluates reporting,
risk of bias, and external validity. Results: A total of 16 studies (fair to good methodological quality) were identified.
Prevalence of strain injury on imaging studies was 32.1% (95% CI,
24.2%-40.4%) for myofascial lesions, 68.4% (95% CI, 59.6%-76.6%) for
myotendinous lesions, and 12.7% (95% CI, 3.0%-27.7%) for isolated muscular
lesions. Evidence regarding associations between fascial damage and RTP
duration was mixed. Conclusion: Lesions of the collagenous connective tissue, namely the fascia and the
tendinous junction, are highly prevalent in athletic muscle strain injuries.
However, at present, their impact on RTP duration is unclear and requires
further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Luiz Hespanhol
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Academic Medical Center/VU University Medical Center IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Lotnyk A, Behrens M, Rauschenbach B. Phase change thin films for non-volatile memory applications. Nanoscale Adv 2019; 1:3836-3857. [PMID: 36132100 PMCID: PMC9419560 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00366e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of Internet of Things devices requires real time processing of a huge amount of digital data, creating a new demand for computing technology. Phase change memory technology based on chalcogenide phase change materials meets many requirements of the emerging memory applications since it is fast, scalable and non-volatile. In addition, phase change memory offers multilevel data storage and can be applied both in neuro-inspired and all-photonic in-memory computing. Furthermore, phase change alloys represent an outstanding class of functional materials having a tremendous variety of industrially relevant characteristics and exceptional material properties. Many efforts have been devoted to understanding these properties with the particular aim to design universal memory. This paper reviews materials science aspects of chalcogenide-based phase change thin films relevant for non-volatile memory applications. Particular emphasis is put on local structure, control of disorder and its impact on material properties, order-disorder transitions and interfacial transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lotnyk
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) Permoserstr. 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - M Behrens
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) Permoserstr. 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - B Rauschenbach
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) Permoserstr. 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
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Behrens M, Husmann F, Mau-Moeller A, Schlegel J, Reuter EM, Zschorlich VR. Neuromuscular Properties of the Human Wrist Flexors as a Function of the Wrist Joint Angle. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:181. [PMID: 31497595 PMCID: PMC6713036 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The joint angle dependence of voluntary activation and twitch properties has been investigated for several human skeletal muscles. However, although they play a key role for hand function and possess a unique neural control compared to muscles surrounding other joint complexes, little is known about the wrist flexors innervated by the median nerve. Therefore, isometric voluntary and electrically evoked contractions of the wrist flexors were analyzed at three wrist joint angles (extension: -30°, neutral: 0°, flexion: 30°) to quantify the joint angle dependence of (i) voluntary activation (assessed via peripheral nerve stimulation and electromyography [EMG]), (ii) unpotentiated twitch torques, and (iii) potentiated twitch torques. Maximum voluntary torque was lower in extension compared to neutral and flexion. Although voluntary activation was generally high, data indicate that voluntary activation of the wrist flexors innervated by the median nerve was lower and the antagonist·agonist-1 EMG ratio was higher with the wrist joint in flexion compared to extension. Peak twitch torque, rate of twitch torque development, and twitch half-relaxation time increased, whereas electromechanical delay decreased from flexion to extension for the unpotentiated twitch torques. Activity-induced potentiation partly abolished these differences and was higher in short than long wrist flexors. Different angle-dependent excitatory and inhibitory inputs to spinal and supraspinal centers might be responsible for the altered activation of the investigated wrist muscles. Potential mechanisms were discussed and might have operated conjointly to increase stiffness of the flexed wrist joint. Differences in twitch torque properties were probably related to angle-dependent alterations in series elastic properties, actin-myosin interaction, Ca2+ sensitivity, and phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains. The results of the present study provide valuable information about the contribution of neural and muscular properties to changes in strength capabilities of the wrist flexors at different wrist joint angles. These data could help to understand normal wrist function, which is a first step in determining mechanisms underlying musculoskeletal disorders and in giving recommendations for the restoration of musculoskeletal function after traumatic or overuse injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Florian Husmann
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Jenny Schlegel
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Reuter
- Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Behrens M, Mau-Moeller A, Lischke A, Katlun F, Gube M, Zschorlich V, Skripitz R, Weippert M. Mental Fatigue Increases Gait Variability During Dual-task Walking in Old Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:792-797. [PMID: 29077783 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental fatigue is a psychobiological state induced by sustained periods of demanding cognitive activity and is characterized by feelings of tiredness which are common in everyday life. Recently, it has been hypothesized that mental fatigue might have an impact on gait performance in old adults. Therefore, the effect of mental fatigue on gait performance under single- and dual-task conditions was investigated in young and old participants. Methods Spatio-temporal gait parameters of 16 young and 16 old healthy participants were measured using a photoelectric system during single- and dual-task walking before and after a randomly assigned mental fatigue (performing a stop-signal task for 90 minutes) and control intervention (watching a video for 90 minutes), respectively. Changes in subjective fatigue, wakefulness, mood, arousal, and psychophysiological workload (heart rate variability indices) were assessed. Results Psychometric measures indicated increased subjective fatigue and arousal as well as decreased mood and wakefulness after the mental fatigue task. Heart rate variability indices revealed a higher psychophysiological workload during the mental fatigue intervention in old compared to young participants. Gait measures (coefficient of variation of speed, stride length, and stance time) revealed impaired dual-task walking performance following the mental fatigue intervention only in old participants. Conclusion Data indicate that mental fatigue, induced by sustained cognitive activity, can impair gait performance during dual-task walking in old adults. The susceptibility to mental fatigue could be a new intrinsic risk factor for falls in older people and should be taken into account when dual-task gait analyses are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Anett Mau-Moeller
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Felix Katlun
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Gube
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Germany
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Husmann F, Bruhn S, Mittlmeier T, Zschorlich V, Behrens M. Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Improves Exercise Tolerance by Reducing Muscle Fatigue and Perceptual Responses. Front Physiol 2019; 10:404. [PMID: 31068827 PMCID: PMC6491676 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to provide further insight into the mechanistic basis for the improved exercise tolerance following dietary nitrate supplementation. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, twelve recreationally active males completed a dynamic time-to-exhaustion test of the knee extensors after 5 days of consuming both nitrate-rich (NITRATE) and nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (PLACEBO). Participants who improved their time-to-exhaustion following NITRATE performed a time-matched trial corresponding to the PLACEBO exercise duration with another 5 days of dietary nitrate supplementation. This procedure was performed to obtain time-matched exercise trials with (NITRATEtm) and without dietary nitrate supplementation (PLACEBO). Neuromuscular tests were performed before and after each time-matched condition. Muscle fatigue was quantified as percentage change in maximal voluntary torque from pre- to post-exercise (ΔMVT). Changes in voluntary activation (ΔVA) and quadriceps twitch torque (ΔPS100) were used to quantify central and peripheral factors of muscle fatigue, respectively. Muscle oxygen saturation, quadriceps muscle activity as well as perceptual data (i.e., perception of effort and leg muscle pain) were recorded during exercise. Time-to-exhaustion was improved with NITRATE (12:41 ± 07:18 min) compared to PLACEBO (09:03 ± 04:18 min; P = 0.010). NITRATEtm resulted in both lower ΔMVT and ΔPS100 compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.002; P = 0.001, respectively). ΔVA was not different between conditions (P = 0.308). NITRATEtm resulted in reduced perception of effort and leg muscle pain. Our findings extend the mechanistic basis for the improved exercise tolerance by showing that dietary nitrate supplementation (i) attenuated the development of muscle fatigue by reducing the exercise-induced impairments in contractile muscle function; and (ii) lowered the perception of both effort and leg muscle pain during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Husmann
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Bruhn
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Mittlmeier
- Department of Traumatology, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Martin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Husmann F, Mittlmeier T, Bruhn S, Zschorlich V, Behrens M. Impact of Blood Flow Restriction Exercise on Muscle Fatigue Development and Recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:436-446. [PMID: 29112627 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was designed to provide mechanistic insight into the time course and etiology of muscle fatigue development and recovery during and after low-intensity exercise when it is combined with blood flow restriction (BFR). METHODS Seventeen resistance-trained males completed four sets of low-intensity isotonic resistance exercise under two experimental conditions: knee extension exercise (i) with BFR and (ii) without BFR (CON). Neuromuscular tests were performed before, during (immediately after each set of knee extension exercise), and 1, 2, 4, and 8 min after each experimental condition. Maximal voluntary torque, quadriceps twitch torque in response to paired electrical stimuli at 10 Hz (PS10) and 100 Hz (PS100), PS10·PS100 ratio as an index of low-frequency fatigue, and voluntary activation were measured under isometric conditions. Perceptual and EMG data were recorded during each exercise condition. RESULTS After the first set of exercise, BFR induced significantly greater reductions in maximal voluntary torque, PS100, and PS10·PS100 ratio compared with CON. These parameters progressively declined throughout the BFR protocol but recovered substantially within 2 min postexercise when blood flow was restored. Neither a progressive decline in the course of the exercise protocol nor a substantial recovery of these parameters occurred during and after CON. Only at exercise termination, voluntary activation differed significantly between BFR and CON with greater reductions during BFR. CONCLUSION At the early stage of exercise, BFR exacerbated the development of muscle fatigue mainly due to a pronounced impairment in contractile function. Despite the high level of muscle fatigue during BFR exercise, the effect of BFR on muscle fatigue was diminished after 2 min of reperfusion, suggesting that BFR has a strong but short-lasting effect on neuromuscular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Husmann
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, GERMANY
| | | | - Sven Bruhn
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, GERMANY
| | | | - Martin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, GERMANY
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Kilinc F, Noack A, Lortz I, Seifert V, Behrens M, Forster M. P01.164 Cognitive and neuropsychological outcome after awake surgery for left frontal and left temporal tumor resection. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy139.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Kilinc
- Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Noack
- Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - I Lortz
- Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - V Seifert
- Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Behrens
- Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Forster
- Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Weippert M, Behrens M, Mau-Moeller A, Bruhn S, Behrens K. Relationship Between Morning Heart Rate Variability and Creatine Kinase Response During Intensified Training in Recreational Endurance Athletes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1267. [PMID: 30298014 PMCID: PMC6161148 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific physiological responses and their relationship were analyzed in 12 recreational endurance athletes (43.8 ± 7.9 years) during a period of intensified cycling training. Heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), serum creatine kinase (S-CK) and haematocrit (Hct) were measured in the mornings before (PRE) and following three consecutive days of intensified training (POST 1–3). Morning HR increased during this period (PRE: 52.2 ± 6.7 bpm, POST 1: 58.8 ± 7.0 bpm, POST 2: 58.5 ± 8.1 bpm, POST 3: 57.9 ± 7.2 bpm; F(3,33) = 11.182, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.554). Parasympathetic HRV indices decreased from PRE to POST (F(3,33) ≥ 11.588, p < 0.001, ηp2 ≥ 0.563), no effect was found for sympathetically modulated HRV (F(3,33) = 2.287, p = 0.101, ηp2 = 0.203). Hct decreased (PRE: 49.9 ± 4.0%, POST 1: 46.5 ± 5.1%, POST 2: 45.5 ± 3.8%, POST 3: 43.2 ± 3.4%; F(3,33) = 11.909, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.520) and S-CK increased during the training period (PRE: 90.0 ± 32.1 U/L, POST 1: 334.7 ± 487.6 U/L, POST 2: 260.1 ± 303.4 U/L, POST 3: 225.1 ± 258.8 U/L; F(3,33) = 3.996, p = 0.017, ηp2 = 0.285). S-CK release was associated with HR (r = 0.453, p = 0.002, n = 44), RMSSD (r = −0.494, p = 0.001, n = 44) and HF-Power (r = −0.490, p = 0.001, n = 44). A period of intensified training was associated with haemodilution, parasympathetic withdrawal and S-CK-increase. Cardiac autonomic control at morning rest correlated with the S-CK-release; and thus, may serve as a practical mean to complementary monitor and prescribe training load in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Sven Bruhn
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Lischke A, Pahnke R, Mau-Moeller A, Behrens M, Grabe HJ, Freyberger HJ, Hamm AO, Weippert M. Inter-individual Differences in Heart Rate Variability Are Associated with Inter-individual Differences in Empathy and Alexithymia. Front Psychol 2018. [PMID: 29541046 PMCID: PMC5836598 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether inter-individual differences in vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) would be associated with inter-individual differences in empathy and alexithymia. To this end, we determined resting state HF-HRV in 90 individuals that also completed questionnaires assessing inter-individual differences in empathy and alexithymia. Our categorical and dimensional analyses revealed that inter-individual differences in HF-HRV were differently associated with inter-individual differences in empathy and alexithymia. We found that individuals with high HF-HRV reported more empathy and less alexithymia than individuals with low HF-HRV. Moreover, we even found that an increase in HF-HRV was associated with an increase in empathy and a decrease in alexithymia across all participants. Taken together, these findings indicate that individuals with high HF-HRV are more empathetic and less alexithymic than individuals with low HF-HRV. These differences in empathy and alexithymia may explain why individuals with high HF-HRV are more successful in sharing and understanding the mental and emotional states of others than individuals with low HF-HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lischke
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rike Pahnke
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anett Mau-Moeller
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Harald J Freyberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,HELIOS Klinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Alfons O Hamm
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Weippert M, Behrens M, Mau-Moeller A, Bruhn S, Behrens K. Cycling before and after Exhaustion Differently Affects Cardiac Autonomic Control during Heart Rate Matched Exercise. Front Physiol 2017; 8:844. [PMID: 29163192 PMCID: PMC5671980 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During cycling before (PRE) and after exhaustion (POST) different modes of autonomic cardiac control might occur due to different interoceptive input and altered influences from higher brain centers. We hypothesized that heart rate variability (HRV) is significantly affected by an interaction of the experimental period (PRE vs. POST) and exercise intensity (HIGH vs. LOW; HIGH = HR > HR at the lactate threshold (HRLT), LOW = HR ≤ HRLT) despite identical average HR. Methods: Fifty healthy volunteers completed an incremental cycling test until exhaustion. Workload started with 30 W at a constant pedaling rate (60 revolutions · min−1) and was gradually increased by 30 W · 5 min−1. Five adjacent 60 s inter-beat (R-R) interval segments from the immediate recovery period (POST 1–5 at 30 W and 60 rpm) were each matched with their HR-corresponding 60 s-segments during the cycle test (PRE 1–5). An analysis of covariance was carried out with one repeated-measures factor (PRE vs. POST exhaustion), one between-subject factor (HIGH vs. LOW intensity) and respiration rate as covariate to test for significant effects (p < 0.050) on the natural log-transformed root mean square of successive differences between adjacent R-R intervals (lnRMSSD60s). Results: LnRMSSD60s was significantly affected by the interaction of experimental period × intensity [F(1, 242) = 30.233, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.111]. LnRMSSD60s was higher during PRE compared to POST at LOW intensity (1.6 ± 0.6 vs. 1.4 ± 0.6 ms; p < 0.001). In contrast, at HIGH intensity lnRMSSD60s was lower during PRE compared to POST (1.0 ± 0.4 vs. 1.2 ± 0.4 ms; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Identical net HR during cycling can result from distinct autonomic modulation patterns. Results suggest a pronounced sympathetic-parasympathetic coactivation immediately after the cessation of peak workload compared to HR-matched cycling before exhaustion at HIGH intensity. On the opposite, at LOW intensity cycling, a stronger coactivational cardiac autonomic modulation pattern occurs during PRE-exhaustion if compared to POST-exhaustion cycling. The different autonomic modes during these phases might be the result of different afferent and/or central inputs to the cardiovascular control centers in the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anett Mau-Moeller
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Bruhn
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kristin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Behrens M. Muscle length matters: new insights into the neural control of lengthening muscle actions of the knee extensors. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:1393-1394. [DOI: 10.1113/ep086631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science; University of Rostock; Ulmenstraße 69 18057 Rostock Germany
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Jacksteit R, Mau-Moeller A, Behrens M, Bader R, Mittelmeier W, Skripitz R, Stöckel T. The mental representation of the human gait in patients with severe knee osteoarthrosis: a clinical study to aid understanding of impairment and disability. Clin Rehabil 2017; 32:103-115. [PMID: 28719981 DOI: 10.1177/0269215517719312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Objectives were (1) to explore differences in gait-specific long-term memory structures and gait performance between knee osteoarthrosis patients and healthy subjects and (2) to identify the extent to which the gait-specific mental representation is associated with gait performance. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS In total, 18 knee osteoarthrosis patients and 18 control subjects. METHODS Spatio-temporal (gait speed, step length) and temporophasic (stance time, swing time, single support time, total double support time) gait parameters and gait variability were measured with an electronic walkway (OptoGait). The mental representation was assessed using the structural dimensional analysis of mental representations (SDA-M). RESULTS (1) Patients showed significantly longer stance times ( P < 0.002) and total double support times, shorter swing times and single support times, a decreased gait speed ( P-values < 0.001) and structural differences in the gait-specific mental representation as compared with the healthy controls. (2) Correlation analyses revealed the mental representation of the human gait to be associated with actual gait performance in osteoarthrosis patients. Double support times were positively associated with the structural quality of the mental representation and step length variability was positively associated with the number of sequencing errors in the representation. CONCLUSION The gait-specific mental representation and actual gait performance differ between patients with severe knee osteoarthrosis and healthy controls, and both are linked to one another. This finding suggests that musculoskeletal disorders can lead to changes in the mental representation of the gait, and as such the SDA-M could provide useful information to improve the rehabilitation following osteoarthrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jacksteit
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anett Mau-Moeller
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- 2 Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Skripitz
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tino Stöckel
- 2 Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Behrens M, Weber D, Kaltheuner M, Heinemann L, Faber-Heinemann G. Körperliche Aktivität bei 3.755 Patienten mit Typ 1-Diabetes: Ergebnisse von winMove – einer Sport- und Bewegungsanalyse. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - D Weber
- winDiab, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Behrens M, Husmann F, Gube M, Felser S, Weippert M, Bruhn S, Zschorlich V, Mau-Moeller A. Intersession reliability of the interpolated twitch technique applied during isometric, concentric, and eccentric actions of the human knee extensor muscles. Muscle Nerve 2017; 56:324-327. [PMID: 27935064 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although it has been shown that voluntary activation (%VA) of the knee extensors during isometric contractions can be reliably assessed with the interpolated twitch technique, little is known about the reliability of %VA during concentric and eccentric muscle actions. Therefore, relative and absolute intersession reliability of quadriceps muscle's %VA during different contraction modes was determined. METHODS After a familiarization session, 21 participants (17 males, 25 ± 2 yrs) completed two testing sessions. Paired supramaximal electrical stimuli were administered to the femoral nerve during isometric, concentric, eccentric MVCs, and at rest to assess %VA (stimuli were applied at 70° knee flexion). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Data indicate that %VA of the knee extensors can be reliably measured during isometric [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.89, coefficient of variation (CV) = 4.1%], concentric (ICC = 0.87, CV = 6.6%), and eccentric muscle actions (ICC = 0.86, CV = 7.0%). Muscle Nerve 56: 324-327, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Ulmenstraße 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Florian Husmann
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Ulmenstraße 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Gube
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Ulmenstraße 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sabine Felser
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Ulmenstraße 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Weippert
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Ulmenstraße 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Bruhn
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Ulmenstraße 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Volker Zschorlich
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Ulmenstraße 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anett Mau-Moeller
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Straße 142, 18057, Rostock, Germany
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