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Korn S, Al-Nosairy KO, Gopiswaminathan AV, João C, Scanferla L, Bach M, Hoffmann MB. Scotopic and Photopic Conventional Visual Acuity and Hyperacuity - Binocular Summation. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:25. [PMID: 38639931 PMCID: PMC11037493 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.4.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine and compare binocular summation (BiS) of conventional visual acuity (cVA) versus hyperacuity (hVA) for photopic and scotopic luminance conditions as a potential biomarker to assess the outcome of interventions on binocular function. Methods Sixteen young adults (age range [years] = 21-31; 8 women; cVA logMAR < 0.0) participated in this study. The Freiburg Visual Acuity Test (FrACT) was used for VA testing and retested on another day. Both cVA and hVA were determined for dark grey optotypes on light grey background. Participants underwent 40 minutes of dark adaptation prior to scotopic VA testing. Binocular and monocular VA testing was performed. The eye with better VA over the 2 days of testing was selected, the BiS was quantified (binocular VA - better monocular VA) and repeated measures ANOVAs were performed. Results Binocular VA exceeded monocular VA for all luminance conditions, VA-types, and sessions. We report BiS estimates for photopic and scotopic cVA and hVA, (logMAR BiS ± SEM [decimal BiS]): photopic = -0.01 ± 0.01 [1.03] and -0.06 ± 0.03 [1.15]; and scotopic = -0.05 ± 0.01 [1.12] and -0.11 ± 0.04 [1.28], respectively). Improvement for binocular vision estimates ranged from 0.01 to 0.11 logMAR. A repeated-measures ANOVA (RM ANOVA) did not reveal significant effects of LUMINANCE or VA TYPE on BiS, albeit a trend for strongest BiS for scotopic hVA (15% vs. 28%, photopic versus scotopic, respectively) and weakest for photopic cVA (3% vs. 12%, photopic versus scotopic conditions, respectively). Conclusions Our results indicate that BiS of VA is relevant to scotopic and photopic hVA and cVA. It appears therefore a plausible candidate biomarker to assess the outcome of retinal therapies restoring rod or cone function on binocular vision. Translational Relevance Binocular summation of visual acuity might serve as a clinical biomarker to monitor therapy outcome on binocular rod and cone-mediated vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Korn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Catarina João
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Scanferla
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Bach
- Eye Center, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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van den Bosch JJON, Pennisi V, Rao HL, Mansouri K, Weinreb R, Thieme H, Hoffmann MB, Choritz L. Reproducibility of consecutive automated telemetric noctodiurnal IOP profiles as determined by an intraocular implant. Br J Ophthalmol 2024:bjo-2022-323080. [PMID: 38408856 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-323080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring in glaucoma management is evolving with novel devices. We investigated the reproducibility of 24 hour profiles on two consecutive days and after 30 days of self-measurements via telemetric IOP monitoring. METHODS Seven primary patients with open-angle glaucoma previously implanted with a telemetric IOP sensor in one eye underwent automatic measurements throughout 24 hours on two consecutive days ('day 1' and 'day 2'). Patients wore an antenna adjacent to the study eye connected to a reader device to record IOP every 5 min. Also, self-measurements in six of seven patients were collected for a period of 30 days. Analysis included calculation of hourly averages to correlate time-pairs of day 1 versus day 2 and the self-measurements vers day 2. RESULTS The number of IOP measurements per patient ranged between 151 and 268 on day 1, 175 and 268 on day 2 and 19 and 1236 during 30 days of self-measurements. IOP time-pairs of automatic measurements on day 1 and day 2 were significantly correlated at the group level (R=0.83, p<0.001) and in four individual patients (1, 2, 6 and 7). IOP time-pairs of self-measurements and day 2 were significantly correlated at the group level (R=0.4, p<0.001) and in four individual patients (2, 5, 6 and 7). CONCLUSIONS Twenty-four hour automatic measurements of IOP are correlated on consecutive days and, though to a lesser degree, with self-measurements. Therefore a virtual 24-hour IOP curve might be constructed from self-measurements. Both options provide an alternative to frequent in-office IOP measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline J O N van den Bosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Pennisi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kaweh Mansouri
- Swiss Visio, Montchoisi Clinic, Glaucoma Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Choritz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Jarrar ZA, Al-Nosairy KO, Jiang X, Lamin A, Wong D, Ansari AS, Williams KM, Sivaprasad S, Hoffmann MB, Hysi PG, Hammond CJ, Mahroo OA. Temporal-to-Nasal Macular Ganglion Cell and Inner Plexiform Layer Ratios in a Large Adult Twin Cohort: Correlations With Age and Heritability. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:26. [PMID: 38349786 PMCID: PMC10868632 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Temporal-to-nasal macular ganglion cell layer thickness ratios are reduced in albinism. We explored similar ratios in a large twin cohort to investigate ranges in healthy adults, correlations with age, and heritability. Methods More than 1000 twin pairs from TwinsUK underwent macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. Automated segmentation yielded thicknesses for the combined ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) in Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study subfields. Participants with diseases likely to affect these layers or segmentation accuracy were excluded. Inner and outer ratios were defined as the ratio of temporal-to-nasal GCIPL thickness for inner and outer subfields respectively. Corresponding ratios were obtained from a smaller cohort undergoing OCTs with a different device (three-dimensional (3D)-OCT, Topcon, Japan). Results Scans from 2300 twins (1150 pairs) were included (mean [SD] age, 53.9 (16.5) years). Mean (SD) inner and outer ratios were 0.89 (0.09) and 0.84 (0.11), correlating negatively with age (coefficients, -0.17 and -0.21, respectively). In males (150 pairs) ratios were higher and did not correlate significantly with age. Intrapair correlation coefficients were higher in monozygotic than dizygotic pairs; age-adjusted heritability estimates were 0.20 and 0.23 for inner and outer ratios, respectively. For the second cohort (n = 166), mean (SD) ratios were 0.93 (0.08) and 0.91 (0.09), significantly greater than for the larger cohort. Conclusions Our study gives reference values for temporal-to-nasal macular GCIPL subfield ratios. Weak negative correlations with age emerged. Genetic factors may contribute to ∼20% to 23% of the variance in healthy individuals. The ratios differ according to the OCT platform used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakariya A. Jarrar
- Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Khaldoon O. Al-Nosairy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Lamin
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Wong
- Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abdus S. Ansari
- Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie M. Williams
- Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Omar A. Mahroo
- Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Freitag CW, Behrens M, Menrad T, Al-Nosairy KO, Stolle FH, Prabhakaran GT, Beyer R, Thieme H, Hoffmann MB, Schega L. Single- and Dual-Task Gait Performance in Patients With Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Cross-sectional Study. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:31. [PMID: 38015169 PMCID: PMC10691400 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.11.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate gait kinematics during single- and dual-task walking in glaucoma patients compared with healthy controls. Methods Nineteen glaucoma patients (10 females, 9 males) and 30 healthy controls (17 females, 13 males) participated in this cross-sectional study. Spatiotemporal gait parameters (e.g., stride length, velocity, minimum toe clearance [MTC]) were assessed using inertial measurement units (sampling frequency 100 Hz) during single-task walking and dual-task walking at a comfortable velocity. During dual-task walking, participants walked and concurrently performed different cognitive tasks in a random order: (i) reaction time task, (ii) N-Back-task, and (iii) letter fluency task with two difficulty levels, respectively. Repeated measures analyses of covariance (Group × Condition) were conducted to analyze the data. Results A significant effect of group was found for the coefficient of variation (CoV) of the MTC, F(1,39) = 4.504, P = 0.040, \({\rm{\eta }}_{\rm{p}}^2\) = 0.104, with higher values in glaucoma patients. Based on the effect sizes, a main effect of group was also found for the MTC, F(1,39) = 2.668, P = 0.110, \({\rm{\eta }}_{\rm{p}}^2\) = 0.064, and the MTCCoV dual-task costs, F(1,38) = 3.225, P = 0.08, \({\rm{\eta }}_{\rm{p}}^2\) = 0.078, which was lower and higher, respectively, in glaucoma patients. Conclusions The present study revealed a significantly higher MTC variability as well as medium effect sizes for a lower MTC and higher MTC dual-task costs in glaucoma patients compared with healthy controls, which might be related to a higher risk of falling owing to tripping. Translational Relevance The minimum toe clearance might mirror disease-related changes in walking performance and might have prognostic value for assessing fall risk in glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin W. Freitag
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- University of Applied Sciences for Sport and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thorben Menrad
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Khaldoon O. Al-Nosairy
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Francie H. Stolle
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gokulraj T. Prabhakaran
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rosalie Beyer
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Research, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Al-Nosairy KO, Quanz EV, Eick CM, Hoffmann MB, Kornmeier J. Altered Perception of the Bistable Motion Quartet in Albinism. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:39. [PMID: 38015177 PMCID: PMC10691394 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Perception of the motion quartet (MQ) alternates between horizontal and vertical motion, with a bias toward vertical motion. This vertical bias has been explained by the dominance of intrahemispheric processing. In albinism, each hemisphere receives input from both visual hemifields owing to enhanced crossing of the optic nerves at the optic chiasm. This might affect the perception of the ambiguous MQ and particularly the vertical bias. Methods The effect of optic nerve misrouting in persons with albinism and nystagmus (PWA, n = 14) on motion perception for MQ was compared with healthy controls (HC; n = 11) and with persons with nystagmus in the absence of optic nerve misrouting (PWN; n = 12). We varied the ratio of horizontal and vertical distances of MQ dots (aspect ratio [AR]) between 0.75 and 1.25 and compared the percentages of horizontal and vertical motion percepts as a function of AR between groups. Results For HC, the probability of vertical motion perception increased as a sigmoid function with increasing AR exhibiting the expected vertical percept bias (mean, 58%; median, 54%; vertical motion percepts). PWA showed a surprisingly strong horizontal bias independent of the AR with a mean of 11% (median, 10%) vertical motion percepts. The PWN was in between PWA and HC, with a mean of 34% (median, 47%) vertical perception. Nystagmus alone is unlikely to explain this pattern of results because PWA and PWN had comparable fixation stabilities. Conclusions The strong horizontal bias observed in PWA and PWN might partly result from the horizontal nystagmus. The even stronger horizontal bias in PWA indicates that the intrahemispherical corepresentation of both visual hemifields may play an additional role. The altered perception of the MQ in PWA opens opportunities to (i) understand the interplay of stability and plasticity in altered visual pathway conditions and (ii) identify visual pathway abnormalities with a perception-based test using the MQ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth V. Quanz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Charlotta M. Eick
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kornmeier
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Molz B, Herbik A, Baseler HA, de Best P, Raz N, Gouws A, Ahmadi K, Lowndes R, McLean RJ, Gottlob I, Kohl S, Choritz L, Maguire J, Kanowski M, Käsmann-Kellner B, Wieland I, Banin E, Levin N, Morland AB, Hoffmann MB. Achromatopsia-Visual Cortex Stability and Plasticity in the Absence of Functional Cones. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:23. [PMID: 37847226 PMCID: PMC10584018 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Achromatopsia is a rare inherited disorder rendering retinal cone photoreceptors nonfunctional. As a consequence, the sizable foveal representation in the visual cortex is congenitally deprived of visual input, which prompts a fundamental question: is the cortical representation of the central visual field in patients with achromatopsia remapped to take up processing of paracentral inputs? Such remapping might interfere with gene therapeutic treatments aimed at restoring cone function. Methods We conducted a multicenter study to explore the nature and plasticity of vision in the absence of functional cones in a cohort of 17 individuals affected by autosomal recessive achromatopsia and confirmed biallelic disease-causing CNGA3 or CNGB3 mutations. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis of foveal remapping in human achromatopsia. For this purpose, we applied two independent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based mapping approaches, i.e. conventional phase-encoded eccentricity and population receptive field mapping, to separate data sets. Results Both fMRI approaches produced the same result in the group comparison of achromatopsia versus healthy controls: sizable remapping of the representation of the central visual field in the primary visual cortex was not apparent. Conclusions Remapping of the cortical representation of the central visual field is not a general feature in achromatopsia. It is concluded that plasticity of the human primary visual cortex is less pronounced than previously assumed. A pretherapeutic imaging workup is proposed to optimize interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Molz
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Herbik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Heidi A. Baseler
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Peter de Best
- fMRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Raz
- fMRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andre Gouws
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
- York Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Khazar Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Lowndes
- York Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J. McLean
- University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Gottlob
- University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Clinics Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Choritz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John Maguire
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurophysiology, Children's Health Ireland (CHI) at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Kanowski
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Käsmann-Kellner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ilse Wieland
- Department for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eyal Banin
- Center for Retinal and Macular Degenerations, Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Netta Levin
- fMRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Antony B. Morland
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
- York Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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Puzniak RJ, Prabhakaran GT, McLean RJ, Stober S, Ather S, Proudlock FA, Gottlob I, Dineen RA, Hoffmann MB. CHIASM-Net: Artificial Intelligence-Based Direct Identification of Chiasmal Abnormalities in Albinism. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:14. [PMID: 37815506 PMCID: PMC10573586 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Albinism is a congenital disorder affecting pigmentation levels, structure, and function of the visual system. The identification of anatomical changes typical for people with albinism (PWA), such as optic chiasm malformations, could become an important component of diagnostics. Here, we tested an application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for this purpose. Methods We established and evaluated a CNN, referred to as CHIASM-Net, for the detection of chiasmal malformations from anatomic magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain. CHIASM-Net, composed of encoding and classification modules, was developed using MR images of controls (n = 1708) and PWA (n = 32). Evaluation involved 8-fold cross validation involving accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics and was performed on a subset of controls and PWA samples excluded from the training. In addition to quantitative metrics, we used Explainable AI (XAI) methods that granted insights into factors driving the predictions of CHIASM-Net. Results The results for the scenario indicated an accuracy of 85 ± 14%, precision of 90 ± 14% and recall of 81 ± 18%. XAI methods revealed that the predictions of CHIASM-Net are driven by optic-chiasm white matter and by the optic tracts. Conclusions CHIASM-Net was demonstrated to use relevant regions of the optic chiasm for albinism detection from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain anatomies. This indicates the strong potential of CNN-based approaches for visual pathway analysis and ultimately diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Puzniak
- Visual Processing Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Gokulraj T Prabhakaran
- Visual Processing Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca J McLean
- University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Stober
- Artificial Intelligence Lab, Institute for Intelligent Cooperating Systems, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sarim Ather
- Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frank A Proudlock
- University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Gottlob
- University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Cooper Neurological Institute and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States
| | - Robert A Dineen
- Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Visual Processing Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
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van den Bosch JJON, Pennisi V, Mansouri K, Weinreb RN, Thieme H, Hoffmann MB, Choritz L. Effect of eyelid muscle action and rubbing on telemetrically obtained intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma with an IOP sensor implant. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1425-1431. [PMID: 35701079 PMCID: PMC10579178 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-320508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with glaucoma on topical glaucoma medication are often affected by dry eye symptoms and thus likely to rub or squeeze their eyelids. Here, we telemetrically measure peak intraocular pressure (IOP) during eyelid manoeuvres and eyelid rubbing. METHODS Eleven patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) previously implanted with a telemetric IOP sensor (Eyemate-IO) were instructed to look straight ahead for 1 min as a baseline measurement. Next, 6 repeats of blinking on instruction with 10 s intervals in between were performed. In addition, 5 repeats of eyelid closure (n=9), eyelid squeezing and eyelid rubbing (n=7) were performed with 15 s intervals in between. IOP was recorded via an external antenna placed around the study eye. Average peak IOP increases from baseline were analysed and tested against zero (no change) with one-sample t-tests. RESULTS For eyelid rubbing, the average peak ∆ IOP increase (mean±SEM) was 59.1±9.6 mm Hg (p<0.001) from baseline. It was 42.2±5.8 mm Hg (p<0.0001) for eyelid squeezing, 3.8±0.6 mm Hg (n=9, p<0.01) for eyelid closure and 11.6±2.4 mm Hg (p<0.001) for voluntary blinking. No IOP change except for a short irregularity in the ocular pulse was observed during involuntary blinking. CONCLUSION Eyelid manoeuvres in patients with POAG elicited brief increases in IOP that were particularly large with squeezing and rubbing. Further investigation of the potential implications for glaucoma progression is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline J O N van den Bosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Pennisi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kaweh Mansouri
- Swiss Visio, Montchoisi Clinic, Glaucoma Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lars Choritz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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9
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Käsmann-Kellner B, Hoffmann MB. [Achromatopsia : Clinical aspects, diagnostics, genes, brain and quality of life]. Ophthalmologie 2023; 120:975-986. [PMID: 37638972 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-023-01904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Achromatopsia or rod monochromatism is a congenital autosomal recessive retinal dystrophy which leads to dysfunctional cones, with decreased visual acuity, extremely limited color vision, nystagmus and photophobia. Due to the initially normally appearing ocular morphology, the diagnosis is often delayed. With imaging procedures, e.g., fluorescence-autofluorescence (FAF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), different morphological forms of achromatopsia can be discriminated that do not seem to have a differential effect on visual function. Crucial is the provision of specific edge filters. Mutations in six genes are known to cause achromatopsia. For the two most frequent genes, CNGA3 and CNGB3, gene addition therapies are currently being tested. Such future approaches should be applied before the manifestation of sensory-related amblyopia in the visual cortex. Accordingly, state of the art management of achromatopsia should provide a diagnosis in early childhood including genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Käsmann-Kellner
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Sektion KiOLoN: Kinderophthalmologie, Orthoptik, Low Vision und Neuroophthalmologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes UKS, Kirrbergerstr. 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Universitäts-Augenklinik Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Deutschland
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10
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Al-Nosairy KO, Duscha A, Buhr H, Lipp A, Desel C, Hegelmaier T, Thieme H, Haghikia A, Hoffmann MB. Functional and structural readouts for early detection of retinal involvement in multiple sclerosis. Front Integr Neurosci 2023; 17:1158148. [PMID: 37138797 PMCID: PMC10150010 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2023.1158148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The retina, a window into the brain, allows for the investigation of many disease-associated inflammatory and neurodegenerative changes affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease targeting the CNS, typically impacts on the visual system including the retina. Hence, we aimed to establish innovative functional retinal measures of MS-related damage, e.g., spatially resolved non-invasive retinal electrophysiology, backed by established morphological retinal imaging markers, i.e., optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods 20 healthy controls (HC) and 37 people with MS [17 without history of optic neuritis (NON) and 20 with (HON) history of optic neuritis] were included. In this work, we differentially assessed photoreceptor/bipolar cells (distal retina) and retinal ganglion cell (RGC, proximal retina) function besides structural assessment (OCT). We compared two multifocal electroretinography-based approaches, i.e., the multifocal pattern electroretinogram (mfPERG) and the multifocal electroretinogram to record photopic negative response (mfERG PhNR ). Structural assessment utilized peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFL) and macular scans to calculate outer nuclear thickness (ONL) and macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPL). One eye was randomly selected per subject. Results In NON, photoreceptor/bipolar cell layer had dysfunctional responses evidenced by reduced mfERG PhNR -N1 peak time of the summed response, but preserved structural integrity. Further, both NON and HON demonstrated abnormal RGC responses as evidenced by the photopic negative response of mfERG PhNR (mfPhNR) and mfPERG indices (P < 0.05). Structurally, only HON had thinned retina at the level of RGCs in the macula (GCIPL, P < 0.01) and the peripapillary area (pRNFL, P < 0.01). All three modalities showed good performance to differentiate MS-related damage from HC, 71-81% area under curve. Conclusion In conclusion, while structural damage was evident mainly for HON, functional measures were the only retinal read-outs of MS-related retinal damage that were independent of optic neuritis, observed for NON. These results indicate retinal MS-related inflammatory processes in the retina prior to optic neuritis. They highlight the importance of retinal electrophysiology in MS diagnostics and its potential as a sensitive biomarker for follow-up in innovative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaldoon O. Al-Nosairy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Khaldoon O. Al-Nosairy,
| | - Alexander Duscha
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrike Buhr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Lipp
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Desel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hegelmaier
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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11
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Al-Nosairy KO, Quanz EV, Biermann J, Hoffmann MB. Optical Coherence Tomography as a Biomarker for Differential Diagnostics in Nystagmus: Ganglion Cell Layer Thickness Ratio. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11174941. [PMID: 36078871 PMCID: PMC9456294 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11174941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In albinism, with the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT), a thinning of the macular ganglion cell layer was recently reported. As a consequence, the relevant OCT measure, i.e., a reduction of the temporal/nasal ganglion cell layer thickness quotient (GCLTQ), is a strong candidate for a novel biomarker of albinism. However, nystagmus is a common trait in albinism and is known as a potential confound of imaging techniques. Therefore, there is a need to determine the impact of nystagmus without albinism on the GCLTQ. In this bi-center study, the retinal GCLTQ was determined (OCT Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) for healthy controls (n = 5, 10 eyes) vs. participants with nystagmus and albinism (Nalbinism, n = 8, 15 eyes), and with nystagmus of other origins (Nother, n = 11, 17 eyes). Macular OCT with 25 horizontal B scans 20 × 20° with 9 automated real time tracking (ART) frames centered on the retina was obtained for each group. From the sectoral GCLTs of the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) circular thickness maps, i.e., 3 mm and 6 mm ETDRS rings, GCLTQ I and GCLTQ II were determined. Both GCLTQs were reduced in Nalbinism (GCLTQ I and II: 0.78 and 0.77, p < 0.001) compared to Nother (0.91 and 0.93) and healthy controls (0.89 and 0.95). The discrimination of Nalbinism from Nother via GCLTQ I and II had an area under the curve of 80 and 82% with an optimal cutoff point of 0.86 and 0.88, respectively. In conclusion, lower GCLTQ in Nalbinism appears as a distinguished feature in albinism-related nystagmus as opposed to other causes of nystagmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaldoon O. Al-Nosairy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth V. Quanz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Julia Biermann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster Medical Centre, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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12
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Müller F, Al-Nosairy KO, Kramer FH, Meltendorf C, Djouoma N, Thieme H, Hoffmann MB, Hoffmann F. Rapid Campimetry-A Novel Screening Method for Glaucoma Diagnosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2156. [PMID: 35456248 PMCID: PMC9031552 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important functions of the retina-the enabling of perception of fast movements-is largely suppressed in standard automated perimetry (SAP) and kinetic perimetry (Goldmann) due to slow motion and low contrast between test points and environment. Rapid campimetry integrates fast motion (=10°/4.7 s at 40 cm patient-monitor distance) and high contrast into the visual field (VF) examination in order to facilitate the detection of absolute scotomas. A bright test point moves on a dark background through the central 10° VF. Depending on the distance to the fixation point, the test point automatically changes diameter (≈0.16° to ≈0.39°). This method was compared to SAP (10-2 program) for six subjects with glaucoma. Rapid campimetry proved to be comparable and possibly better than 10-2 SAP in identifying macular arcuate scotomas. In four subjects, rapid campimetry detected a narrow arcuate absolute scotoma corresponding to the nerve fiber course, which was not identified as such with SAP. Rapid campimetry promises a fast screening method for the detection of absolute scotomas in the central 10° visual field, with a potential for cloud technologies and telemedical applications. Our proof-of-concept study motivates systematic testing of this novel method in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaldoon O. Al-Nosairy
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Francie H. Kramer
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Meltendorf
- Department of Optometry, Berlin University of Applied Sciences and Technology, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nidele Djouoma
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Hoffmann
- Ophthalmology Department, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Molz B, Herbik A, Baseler HA, de Best PB, Vernon RW, Raz N, Gouws AD, Ahmadi K, Lowndes R, McLean RJ, Gottlob I, Kohl S, Choritz L, Maguire J, Kanowski M, Käsmann-Kellner B, Wieland I, Banin E, Levin N, Hoffmann MB, Morland AB. Structural changes to primary visual cortex in the congenital absence of cone input in achromatopsia. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102925. [PMID: 34959047 PMCID: PMC8718719 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anatomy of primary visual cortex (V1) assessed with surface-based morphmetry in those with congenital achromatopsia (ACHM). Reduction in cortical surface area in foveal, parafoveal and paracentral representations of V1 in those with ACHM. In ACHM a localized thickening in the area of V1 that represents the region of retina occupied solely by cones. V1 changes in ACHM may limit its ability to take on normal properties if retinal function were to be restored. Early intervention, before the development plastic period is over, may offer better restoration of vision in ACHM.
Autosomal recessive Achromatopsia (ACHM) is a rare inherited disorder associated with dysfunctional cone photoreceptors resulting in a congenital absence of cone input to visual cortex. This might lead to distinct changes in cortical architecture with a negative impact on the success of gene augmentation therapies. To investigate the status of the visual cortex in these patients, we performed a multi-centre study focusing on the cortical structure of regions that normally receive predominantly cone input. Using high-resolution T1-weighted MRI scans and surface-based morphometry, we compared cortical thickness, surface area and grey matter volume in foveal, parafoveal and paracentral representations of primary visual cortex in 15 individuals with ACHM and 42 normally sighted, healthy controls (HC). In ACHM, surface area was reduced in all tested representations, while thickening of the cortex was found highly localized to the most central representation. These results were comparable to more widespread changes in brain structure reported in congenitally blind individuals, suggesting similar developmental processes, i.e., irrespective of the underlying cause and extent of vision loss. The cortical differences we report here could limit the success of treatment of ACHM in adulthood. Interventions earlier in life when cortical structure is not different from normal would likely offer better visual outcomes for those with ACHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Molz
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom; Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Herbik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Heidi A Baseler
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom; Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter B de Best
- MRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Richard W Vernon
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - Noa Raz
- MRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andre D Gouws
- York Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Psychology, University of York, YO10 5NY York, United Kingdom
| | - Khazar Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Lowndes
- York Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Psychology, University of York, YO10 5NY York, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J McLean
- University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, LE2 7LX Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Gottlob
- University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, LE2 7LX Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Clinics Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Choritz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John Maguire
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Kanowski
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Käsmann-Kellner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ilse Wieland
- Department for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eyal Banin
- Degenerative Diseases of the Retina Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Netta Levin
- MRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Antony B Morland
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom; York Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Psychology, University of York, YO10 5NY York, United Kingdom.
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14
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Puzniak RJ, Prabhakaran GT, Hoffmann MB. Deep Learning-Based Detection of Malformed Optic Chiasms From MRI Images. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:755785. [PMID: 34759795 PMCID: PMC8573410 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.755785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Convolutional neural network (CNN) models are of great promise to aid the segmentation and analysis of brain structures. Here, we tested whether CNN trained to segment normal optic chiasms from the T1w magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image can be also applied to abnormal chiasms, specifically with optic nerve misrouting as typical for human albinism. We performed supervised training of the CNN on the T1w images of control participants (n = 1049) from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) repository and automatically generated algorithm-based optic chiasm masks. The trained CNN was subsequently tested on data of persons with albinism (PWA; n = 9) and controls (n = 8) from the CHIASM repository. The quality of outcome segmentation was assessed via the comparison to manually defined optic chiasm masks using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). The results revealed contrasting quality of masks obtained for control (mean DSC ± SEM = 0.75 ± 0.03) and PWA data (0.43 ± 0.8, few-corrected p = 0.04). The fact that the CNN recognition of the optic chiasm fails for chiasm abnormalities in PWA underlines the fundamental differences in their spatial features. This finding provides proof of concept for a novel deep-learning-based diagnostics approach of chiasmal misrouting from T1w images, as well as further analyses on chiasmal misrouting and their impact on the structure and function of the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Puzniak
- Visual Processing Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gokulraj T Prabhakaran
- Visual Processing Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Visual Processing Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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15
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Lowndes R, Molz B, Warriner L, Herbik A, de Best PB, Raz N, Gouws A, Ahmadi K, McLean RJ, Gottlob I, Kohl S, Choritz L, Maguire J, Kanowski M, Käsmann-Kellner B, Wieland I, Banin E, Levin N, Hoffmann MB, Morland AB, Baseler HA. Structural Differences Across Multiple Visual Cortical Regions in the Absence of Cone Function in Congenital Achromatopsia. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:718958. [PMID: 34720857 PMCID: PMC8551799 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.718958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most individuals with congenital achromatopsia (ACHM) carry mutations that affect the retinal phototransduction pathway of cone photoreceptors, fundamental to both high acuity vision and colour perception. As the central fovea is occupied solely by cones, achromats have an absence of retinal input to the visual cortex and a small central area of blindness. Additionally, those with complete ACHM have no colour perception, and colour processing regions of the ventral cortex also lack typical chromatic signals from the cones. This study examined the cortical morphology (grey matter volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area) of multiple visual cortical regions in ACHM (n = 15) compared to normally sighted controls (n = 42) to determine the cortical changes that are associated with the retinal characteristics of ACHM. Surface-based morphometry was applied to T1-weighted MRI in atlas-defined early, ventral and dorsal visual regions of interest. Reduced grey matter volume in V1, V2, V3, and V4 was found in ACHM compared to controls, driven by a reduction in cortical surface area as there was no significant reduction in cortical thickness. Cortical surface area (but not thickness) was reduced in a wide range of areas (V1, V2, V3, TO1, V4, and LO1). Reduction in early visual areas with large foveal representations (V1, V2, and V3) suggests that the lack of foveal input to the visual cortex was a major driving factor in morphological changes in ACHM. However, the significant reduction in ventral area V4 coupled with the lack of difference in dorsal areas V3a and V3b suggest that deprivation of chromatic signals to visual cortex in ACHM may also contribute to changes in cortical morphology. This research shows that the congenital lack of cone input to the visual cortex can lead to widespread structural changes across multiple visual areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lowndes
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- York Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Molz
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lucy Warriner
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Herbik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Pieter B. de Best
- MRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Raz
- MRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andre Gouws
- York Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Khazar Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca J. McLean
- University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Gottlob
- University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Clinics Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Choritz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John Maguire
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Kanowski
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Käsmann-Kellner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ilse Wieland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eyal Banin
- Degenerative Diseases of the Retina Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Netta Levin
- MRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Antony B. Morland
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi A. Baseler
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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16
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Prabhakaran GT, Al-Nosairy KO, Tempelmann C, Thieme H, Hoffmann MB. Mapping Visual Field Defects With fMRI - Impact of Approach and Experimental Conditions. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:745886. [PMID: 34566575 PMCID: PMC8455880 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.745886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current initiatives to restore vision emphasize the need for objective assessments of visual field (VF) defects as pursued with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approaches. Here, we compared population receptive field (pRF) mapping-based VF reconstructions to an fMRI method that uses more robust visual stimulation (on-off block design) in combination with individualized anatomy-driven retinotopic atlas-information (atlas-based VF). We investigated participants with sizable peripheral VF-deficits due to advanced glaucoma (n = 4) or retinitis pigmentosa (RP; n = 2) and controls (n = 6) with simulated scotoma. We obtained (1) standard automated perimetry (SAP) data as reference VFs and 3T fMRI data for (2) pRF-mapping [8-direction bar stimulus, fixation color change task] and (3) block-design full-field stimulation [8-direction drifting contrast patterns during (a) passive viewing (PV) and (b) one-back-task (OBT; reporting successions of identical motion directions) to probe the impact of previously reported task-related unspecific visual cortex activations]. Correspondence measures between the SAP and fMRI-based VFs were accuracy, assisted by sensitivity and specificity. We found an accuracy of pRF-based VF from V1 in patients [median: 0.62] that was similar to previous reports and increased by adding V2 and V3 to the analysis [0.74]. In comparison to the pRF-based VF, equivalent accuracies were obtained for the atlas-based VF for both PV [0.67] and, unexpectedly, the OBT [0.59], where, however, unspecific cortical activations were reflected by a reduction in sensitivity [0.71 (PV) and 0.35 (OBT)]. In conclusion, in patients with peripheral VF-defects, we demonstrate that previous fMRI procedures to obtain VF-estimates might be enhanced by: (1) pooling V1-V3 to enhance accuracy; (2) reporting sensitivity and specificity measures to increase transparency of the VF-reconstruction metric; (3) applying atlas-based procedures, if pRF-based VFs are not available or difficult to obtain; and (4) giving, counter-intuitively, preference to PV. These findings are expected to provide guidance to overcome current limitations of translating fMRI-based methods to a clinical work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claus Tempelmann
- Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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17
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Puzniak RJ, McPherson B, Ahmadi K, Herbik A, Kaufmann J, Liebe T, Gouws A, Morland AB, Gottlob I, Hoffmann MB, Pestilli F. Chiasmal malformations dataset: a unique neuroimaging testbed. J Vis 2021. [DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.9.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Puzniak
- Visual Processing Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Brent McPherson
- Pestilli Lab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Cognitive Science, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, USA
| | - Khazar Ahmadi
- Visual Processing Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Herbik
- Visual Processing Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Joern Kaufmann
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Liebe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andre Gouws
- York Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Antony B. Morland
- Centre for Neuroscience, Hull-York Medical School, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Irene Gottlob
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Visual Processing Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Franco Pestilli
- Pestilli Lab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Engineering, Computer Science, Programs in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, School of Optometry, and Indiana Network Science Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, USA
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18
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Molz B, Herbik A, Baseler H, de Best PB, Vernon R, Raz N, Gouws A, Ahmadi K, Lowndes R, McLean RJ, Gottlob I, Kohl S, Choritz L, Maguire J, Kanowski M, Käsmann-Kellner B, Wieland I, Banin E, Levin N, Hoffmann MB, Morland A. Anatomical changes to primary visual cortex in the congenital absence of cone input. J Vis 2021. [DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.9.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Herbik
- Dpt Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Heidi Baseler
- University of York
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, UK
| | | | | | - Noa Raz
- fMRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Israel
| | - André Gouws
- York Neuroimaging Centre, Dpt Psychology, University of York, UK
| | - Khazar Ahmadi
- Dpt Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Lowndes
- York Neuroimaging Centre, Dpt Psychology, University of York, UK
| | | | | | - Susanne Kohl
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Clinics Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Choritz
- Dpt Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John Maguire
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Bradford, UK
| | - Martin Kanowski
- Dpt Neurology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Ilse Wieland
- Dpt Molecular Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eyal Banin
- Dpt Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Israel
| | - Netta Levin
- fMRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Israel
| | | | - Antony Morland
- University of York
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, UK
- York Neuroimaging Centre, Dpt Psychology, University of York, UK
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19
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Prabhakaran GT, Al-Nosairy KO, Thieme H, Hoffmann MB. Visual field defects – correspondence of fMRI and subjective estimates. J Vis 2021. [DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.9.2277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hagen Thieme
- Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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20
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Hoffmann MB, Molz B, Herbik A, de Best P, Raz N, Gouws A, Ahmadi K, Lowndes R, McLean R, Kohl S, Gottlob I, Choritz L, Maguire J, Kanowski M, Käsmann-Kellner B, Wieland I, Banin E, Levine N, Basler H, Antony M. Visual cortex stability and plasticity in the absence of functional cones in achromatopsia. J Vis 2021. [DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.9.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter de Best
- fMRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Israel
| | - Noa Raz
- fMRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Israel
| | - Andre Gouws
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, UK
| | | | | | | | - Susanne Kohl
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Clinics Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - John Maguire
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Bradford, UK
| | - Martin Kanowski
- Dpt Neurology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Ilse Wieland
- Dpt Molecular Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eyal Banin
- Dpt Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Israel
| | - Netta Levine
- fMRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Israel
| | - Heidi Basler
- Dpt Psychology, University of York, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, UK
| | - Morland Antony
- Dpt Psychology, University of York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, UK
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21
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Al-Nosairy KO, Hoffmann MB, Bach M. Non-invasive electrophysiology in glaucoma, structure and function-a review. Eye (Lond) 2021; 35:2374-2385. [PMID: 34117381 PMCID: PMC8376952 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, its early diagnosis, and monitoring of interventions remain an ongoing challenge. We here review developments in functional assessment and its relation to morphology, evaluating recent insights in electrophysiology in glaucoma and highlighting how glaucoma research and diagnostics benefit from combined approaches of OCT and electrophysiological investigations. After concise overviews of OCT and non-invasive electrophysiology in glaucoma, we evaluate commonalities and complementarities of OCT and electrophysiology for our understanding of glaucoma. As a specific topic, the dynamic range (floor effects) of the various techniques is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bach
- Faculty of Medicine, Eye Center, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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22
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Prabhakaran GT, Al-Nosairy KO, Tempelmann C, Wagner M, Thieme H, Hoffmann MB. Functional Dynamics of Deafferented Early Visual Cortex in Glaucoma. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:653632. [PMID: 34381327 PMCID: PMC8350780 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.653632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In advanced retinitis pigmentosa with retinal lesions, the lesion projection zone (LPZ) in the early visual cortex can be driven during visual tasks, while it remains unresponsive during passive viewing. We tested whether this finding translates to advanced glaucoma, a major cause of acquired blindness. During visual stimulation, 3T fMRI scans were acquired for participants with advanced glaucoma (n = 4; age range: 51–72) and compared to two reference groups, i.e., advanced retinitis pigmentosa (n = 3; age range: 46–78) and age-matched healthy controls with simulated defects (n = 7). The participants viewed grating patterns drifting in 8 directions (12 s) alternating with uniform gray (12 s), either during passive viewing (PV), i.e., central fixation, or during a one-back task (OBT), i.e., reports of succeeding identical motion directions. As another reference, a fixation-dot task condition was included. Only in glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa but not in controls, fMRI-responses in the lesion projection zone (LPZ) of V1 shifted from negative for PV to positive for OBT (p = 0.024 and p = 0.012, respectively). In glaucoma, these effects also reached significance in V3 (p = 0.006), while in V2 there was a non-significant trend (p = 0.069). The general absence of positive responses in the LPZ during PV underscores the lack of early visual cortex bottom-up plasticity for acquired visual field defects in humans. Trends in our exploratory analysis suggesting the task-dependent LPZ responses to be inversely related to visual field loss, indicate the benefit of patient stratification strategies in future studies with greater sample sizes. We conclude that top-down mechanisms associated with task-elicited demands rather than visual cortex remapping appear to shape LPZ responses not only in retinitis pigmentosa, but also in glaucoma. These insights are of critical importance for the development of schemes for treatment and rehabilitation in glaucoma and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claus Tempelmann
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wagner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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23
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Hoffmann MB, Choritz L, Thieme H, Prabhakaran GT, Puzniak RJ. [Neuro-computational approaches for objective assessment of visual function]. Ophthalmologe 2021; 118:900-906. [PMID: 34032917 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-021-01404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal pathologies affect the structure and function of post-retinal visual pathways. These post-retinal alterations bear the potential to obstruct the aim of innovative retinal treatment to restore visual function. OBJECTIVE Current developments in the field of neuroimaging and the associated neurocomputational approaches enable a detailed assessment of this interrelationship. As a consequence, they open up the possibility to anticipate the success of treatment. METHODS This review article demonstrates how innovations particularly in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based anatomical, functional, and diffusion imaging can guide visual pathway assessments that are relevant for ophthalmological applications. RESULTS Specific examples of retinal and visual pathway pathologies in the context of a detailed analysis of the visual pathway are described. CONCLUSION A concept is introduced of how to translate the meaningful but technically and computationally challenging neuroimaging procedures into a clinical setting in order to effectively connect these procedures to innovative treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Hoffmann
- Universitäts-Augenklinik, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland.
| | - Lars Choritz
- Universitäts-Augenklinik, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Universitäts-Augenklinik, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Gokulraj T Prabhakaran
- Universitäts-Augenklinik, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Robert J Puzniak
- Universitäts-Augenklinik, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland
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24
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van den Bosch JJON, Pennisi V, Invernizzi A, Mansouri K, Weinreb RN, Thieme H, Hoffmann MB, Choritz L. Implanted Microsensor Continuous IOP Telemetry Suggests Gaze and Eyelid Closure Effects on IOP-A Preliminary Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:8. [PMID: 33956052 PMCID: PMC8107486 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.6.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the effect of gaze direction and eyelid closure on intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods Eleven patients with primary open-angle glaucoma previously implanted with a telemetric IOP sensor were instructed to view eight equally-spaced fixation targets each at three eccentricities (10°, 20°, and 25°). Nine patients also performed eyelid closure. IOP was recorded via an external antenna placed around the study eye. Differences of mean IOP between consecutive gaze positions were calculated. Furthermore, the effect of eyelid closure on gaze-dependent IOP was assessed. Results The maximum IOP increase was observed at 25° superior gaze (mean ± SD: 4.4 ± 4.9 mm Hg) and maximum decrease at 25° inferonasal gaze (-1.6 ± 0.8 mm Hg). There was a significant interaction between gaze direction and eccentricity (P = 0.003). Post-hoc tests confirmed significant decreases inferonasally for all eccentricities (mean ± SEM: 10°: -0.7 ± 0.2, P = 0.007; 20°: -1.1 ± 0.2, P = 0.006; and 25°: -1.6 ± 0.2, P = 0.006). Eight of 11 eyes showed significant IOP differences between superior and inferonasal gaze at 25°. IOP decreased during eyelid closure, which was significantly lower than downgaze at 25° (mean ± SEM: -2.1 ± 0.3 mm Hg vs. -0.7 ± 0.2 mm Hg, P = 0.014). Conclusions Our data suggest that IOP varies reproducibly with gaze direction, albeit with patient variability. IOP generally increased in upgaze but decreased in inferonasal gaze and on eyelid closure. Future studies should investigate the patient variability and IOP dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Pennisi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Azzurra Invernizzi
- Laboratory for Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kaweh Mansouri
- Glaucoma Research Center, Montchoisi Clinic, Swiss Visio, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Robert N. Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lars Choritz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Germany
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25
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Al-Nosairy KO, Horbrügger M, Schippling S, Wagner M, Haghikia A, Pawlitzki M, Hoffmann MB. Structure-Function Relationship of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073419. [PMID: 33810342 PMCID: PMC8037992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal ganglion cells (RGC) may be considered an easily accessible pathophysiological site of degenerative processes in neurological diseases, such as the RGC damage detectable in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with (HON) and without a history of optic neuritis (NON). We aimed to assess and interrelate RGC functional and structural damage in different retinal layers and retinal sites. We included 12 NON patients, 11 HON patients and 14 healthy controls for cross-sectional multifocal pattern electroretinography (mfPERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements. Amplitude and peak times of the mfPERG were assessed. Macula and disc OCT scans were acquired to determine macular retinal layer and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness. In both HON and NON patients the foveal N2 amplitude of the mfPERG was reduced compared to controls. The parafoveal P1 peak time was significantly reduced in HON only. For OCT, parafoveal (pfGCL) and perifoveal (pGCL) ganglion cell layer thicknesses were decreased in HON vs. controls, while pRNFL in the papillomacular bundle sector (PMB) showed reductions in both NON and HON. As the mfPERG derived N2 originates from RGC axons, these findings suggest foveal axonal dysfunction not only in HON, but also in NON patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaldoon O. Al-Nosairy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (K.O.A.-N.); (M.W.)
| | - Marc Horbrügger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Sven Schippling
- Multimodal Imaging in Neuro-Immunological Diseases (MINDS), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wagner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (K.O.A.-N.); (M.W.)
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Marc Pawlitzki
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (K.O.A.-N.); (M.W.)
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-6713585
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26
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Pollmann S, Rosenblum L, Linnhoff S, Porracin E, Geringswald F, Herbik A, Renner K, Hoffmann MB. Preserved Contextual Cueing in Realistic Scenes in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120941. [PMID: 33297319 PMCID: PMC7762266 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Foveal vision loss has been shown to reduce efficient visual search guidance due to contextual cueing by incidentally learned contexts. However, previous studies used artificial (T- among L-shape) search paradigms that prevent the memorization of a target in a semantically meaningful scene. Here, we investigated contextual cueing in real-life scenes that allow explicit memory of target locations in semantically rich scenes. In contrast to the contextual cueing deficits in artificial scenes, contextual cueing in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) did not differ from age-matched normal-sighted controls. We discuss this in the context of visuospatial working-memory demands for which both eye movement control in the presence of central vision loss and memory-guided search may compete. Memory-guided search in semantically rich scenes may depend less on visuospatial working memory than search in abstract displays, potentially explaining intact contextual cueing in the former but not the latter. In a practical sense, our findings may indicate that patients with AMD are less deficient than expected after previous lab experiments. This shows the usefulness of realistic stimuli in experimental clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pollmann
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Postfach 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.R.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (F.G.)
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-67-58474; Fax: +49-391-67-11947
| | - Lisa Rosenblum
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Postfach 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.R.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Stefanie Linnhoff
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Postfach 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.R.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Eleonora Porracin
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Postfach 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.R.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Franziska Geringswald
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Postfach 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.R.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (F.G.)
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Herbik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Katja Renner
- Eye Clinic Am Johannisplatz, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany;
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27
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Al-Nosairy KO, Prabhakaran GT, Pappelis K, Thieme H, Hoffmann MB. Combined Multi-Modal Assessment of Glaucomatous Damage With Electroretinography and Optical Coherence Tomography/Angiography. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:7. [PMID: 33200048 PMCID: PMC7645242 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.12.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance and to evaluate the interrelationship of electroretinographical and structural and vascular measures in glaucoma. Methods For 14 eyes of 14 healthy controls and 15 eyes of 12 patients with glaucoma ranging from preperimetric to advanced stages optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT-angiography (OCT-A), and electrophysiological measures (multifocal photopic negative response ratio [mfPhNR] and steady-state pattern electroretinography [ssPERG]) were applied to assess changes in retinal structure, microvasculature, and function, respectively. The diagnostic performance was assessed via area-under-curve (AUC) measures obtained from receiver operating characteristics analyses. The interrelation of the different measures was assessed with correlation analyses. Results The mfPhNR, ssPERG amplitude, parafoveal (pfVD) and peripapillary vessel density (pVD), macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness (mGCIPL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFL) were significantly reduced in glaucoma. The AUC for mfPhNR was highest among diagnostic modalities (AUC: 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.75-1.0, P < 0.001), albeit not statistically different from that for macular (mGCIPL: 0.76, 0.58-0.94, P < 0.05; pfVD: 0.81, 0.65-0.97, P < 0.01) or peripapillary imaging (pRNFL: 0.85, 0.70-1.0, P < 0.01; pVD: 0.82, 0.68-0.97, P < 0.01). Combined functional/vascular measures yielded the highest AUC (mfPhNR-pfVD: 0.94, 0.85-1.0, P < 0.001). The functional/structural measure correlation (mfPhNR-mGCIPL correlation coefficient [rs]: 0.58, P = 0.001; mfPhNR-pRNFL rs: 0.66, P < 0.001) was stronger than the functional-vascular correlation (mfPhNR-pfVD rs: 0.29, P = 0.13; mfPhNR-pVD rs: 0.54, P = 0.003). Conclusions The combination of ERG measures and OCT-A improved diagnostic performance and enhanced understanding of pathophysiology in glaucoma. Translational Relevance Multimodal assessment of glaucoma damage improves diagnostics and monitoring of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Konstantinos Pappelis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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Al-Nosairy KO, Thieme H, Hoffmann MB. Diagnostic performance of multifocal photopic negative response, pattern electroretinogram and optical coherence tomography in glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2020; 200:108242. [PMID: 32926894 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photopic negative response of the electroretinogram reflects retinal ganglion cell function and consequently aids diagnosis of optic nerve diseases including glaucoma. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of stimulation parameters for electroretinographic recordings of the multifocal photopic negative response (mfPhNR) for the detection of glaucoma and compared the diagnostic accuracy of electrophysiological, structural and functional measures of glaucoma. We compared the diagnostic performance of the mfPhNR for 6 different stimulation rates in a cohort of 24 controls, 10 glaucoma suspects (GLAS ) and 16 glaucoma participants (GLAG). A cross-modal comparison of the mfPhNR/b wave ratio was performed with the pattern electroretinogram (PERG), and the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness. These analyses were based on area under curves (AUC) obtained from receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) and step-wise regression analyses. We found that compared to the other mfPhNR-conditions, the PhNR/b-wave ratio for the fastest stimulation condition had the highest AUC for GLAS (0.84, P = 0.008, 95%CI: 0.71- 0.98), while the other modalities, i.e., PERG-amplitude and pRNFL had AUCs of 0.78 (P= 0.039), and 0.74 (P < 0.05), respectively. For GLAG , the respective AUCs were 0.78 (P= 0.004), 0.85 (P< 0.001) and 0.87 (P< 0.001). pRNFL was the significant predictor for both mfPhNR/b-wave ratio [t (48) = 4, P = 0.0002] and for PERG amplitude [t (48) = 3.4, P = 0.001]. In conclusion, fast mfPhNR protocols outperform other multifocal PhNR protocols in the identification of glaucomatous damage especially for GLAS and thus aid the early detection of glaucoma, indicating its value as a surrogate marker of early stage ganglion cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Prabhakaran GT, Carvalho J, Invernizzi A, Kanowski M, Renken RJ, Cornelissen FW, Hoffmann MB. Foveal pRF properties in the visual cortex depend on the extent of stimulated visual field. Neuroimage 2020; 222:117250. [PMID: 32798683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that alterations in functional MRI derived receptive field (pRF) properties in cortical projection zones of retinal lesions can erroneously be mistaken for cortical large-scale reorganization in response to visual system pathologies. We tested, whether such confounds are also evident in the normal cortical projection zone of the fovea for simulated peripheral visual field defects. We applied fMRI-based visual field mapping of the central visual field at 3 T in eight controls to compare the pRF properties of the central visual field of a reference condition (stimulus radius: 14°) and two conditions with simulated peripheral visual field defect, i.e., with a peripheral gray mask, stimulating only the central 7° or 4° radius. We quantified, for the cortical representation of the actually stimulated visual field, the changes in the position and size of the pRFs associated with reduced peripheral stimulation using conventional and advanced pRF modeling. We found foveal pRF-positions (≤3°) to be significantly shifted towards the periphery (p<0.05, corrected). These pRF-shifts were largest for the 4° condition [visual area (mean eccentricity shift): V1 (0.9°), V2 (0.9°), V3 (1.0°)], but also evident for the 7° condition [V1 (0.5°), V2 (0.5°), V3 (0.9°)]. Further, an overall enlargement of pRF-sizes was observed. These findings indicate the dependence of foveal pRF parameters on the spatial extent of the stimulated visual field and are likely associated with methodological biases and/or physiological mechanisms. Consequently, our results imply that, previously reported similar findings in patients with actual peripheral scotomas need to be interpreted with caution and indicate the need for adequate control conditions in investigations of visual cortex reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Azzurra Invernizzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Kanowski
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Remco J Renken
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans W Cornelissen
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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30
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Al-Nosairy KO, van den Bosch JJON, Pennisi V, Mansouri K, Thieme H, Choritz L, Hoffmann MB. Use of a novel telemetric sensor to study interactions of intraocular pressure
and ganglion-cell function in glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 105:661-668. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aims
(1) To test the feasibility of simultaneous steady-state pattern
electroretinogram (ssPERG) and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements with an
implanted IOP sensor. (2) To explore the scope of this approach for detecting
PERG changes during IOP manipulation in a model of lateral decubitus
positioning (LDP; lateral position).
Methods
15 healthy controls and 15 treated glaucoma patients participated in the
study. 8 patients had an IOP sensor (Eyemate-IO, Implandata Ophthalmic Products
GmbH) in the right eye (GLAIMP) and 7 had no sensor and
with glaucoma in the left eye. (1) We compared PERGs with and without
simultaneous IOP read-out in GLAIMP. (2) All participants
were positioned in the following order: sitting1 (S1), right LDP
(LDR), sitting2 (S2), left LDP
(LDL) and sitting3 (S3). For each position, PERG
amplitudes and IOP were determined with rebound tonometry (Icare TA01i) in all
participants without the IOP sensor.
Results
Electromagnetic intrusions of IOP sensor read-out onto ssPERG recordings
had, due to different frequency ranges, no relevant effect on PERG amplitudes.
IOP and PERG measures were affected by LDP, for example, IOP was increased
during LDR versus S1 in the lower eyes of
GLAIMP and controls (5.1±0.6 mmHg,
P0.025=0.00004 and 1.6±0.6 mmHg,
P0.025=0.02, respectively) and PERG amplitude was
reversibly decreased (−25±10%, P0.025=0.02 and −17±5%,
P0.025, respectively).
Conclusions
During LDP, both IOP and PERG changed predominantly in the lower eye. IOP
changes induced by LDP may be a model for studying the interaction of IOP and
ganglion-cell function.
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31
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Hamilton R, Bach M, Heinrich SP, Hoffmann MB, Odom JV, McCulloch DL, Thompson DA. VEP estimation of visual acuity: a systematic review. Doc Ophthalmol 2020; 142:25-74. [PMID: 32488810 PMCID: PMC7907051 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-020-09770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) can be used to measure visual resolution via a spatial frequency (SF) limit as an objective estimate of visual acuity. The aim of this systematic review is to collate descriptions of the VEP SF limit in humans, healthy and disordered, and to assess how accurately and precisely VEP SF limits reflect visual acuity. Methods The protocol methodology followed the PRISMA statement. Multiple databases were searched using “VEP” and “acuity” and associated terms, plus hand search: titles, abstracts or full text were reviewed for eligibility. Data extracted included VEP SF limits, stimulus protocols, VEP recording and analysis techniques and correspondence with behavioural acuity for normally sighted healthy adults, typically developing infants and children, healthy adults with artificially degraded vision and patients with ophthalmic or neurological conditions. Results A total of 155 studies are included. Commonly used stimulus, recording and analysis techniques are summarised. Average healthy adult VEP SF limits vary from 15 to 40 cpd, depend on stimulus, recording and analysis techniques and are often, but not always, poorer than behavioural acuity measured either psychophysically with an identical stimulus or with a clinical acuity test. The difference between VEP SF limit and behavioural acuity is variable and strongly dependent on the VEP stimulus and choice of acuity test. VEP SF limits mature rapidly, from 1.5 to 9 cpd by the end of the first month of life to 12–20 cpd by 8–12 months, with slower improvement to 20–40 cpd by 3–5 years. VEP SF limits are much better than behavioural thresholds in the youngest, typically developing infants. This difference lessens with age and reaches equivalence between 1 and 2 years; from around 3–5 years, behavioural acuity is better than the VEP SF limit, as for adults. Healthy, artificially blurred adults had slightly better behavioural acuity than VEP SF limits across a wide range of acuities, while adults with heterogeneous ophthalmic or neurological pathologies causing reduced acuity showed a much wider and less consistent relationship. For refractive error, ocular media opacity or pathology primarily affecting the retina, VEP SF limits and behavioural acuity had a fairly consistent relationship across a wide range of acuity. This relationship was much less consistent or close for primarily macular, optic nerve or neurological conditions such as amblyopia. VEP SF limits were almost always normal in patients with non-organic visual acuity loss. Conclusions The VEP SF limit has great utility as an objective acuity estimator, especially in pre-verbal children or patients of any age with motor or learning impairments which prevent reliable measurement of behavioural acuity. Its diagnostic power depends heavily on adequate, age-stratified, reference data, age-stratified empirical calibration with behavioural acuity, and interpretation in the light of other electrophysiological and clinical findings. Future developments could encompass faster, more objective and robust techniques such as real-time, adaptive control. Registration International prospective register of systematic reviews PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/), registration number CRD42018085666.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Hamilton
- Department of Clinical Physics and Bioengineering, Royal Hospital for Children, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK. .,College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Michael Bach
- Eye Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sven P Heinrich
- Eye Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J Vernon Odom
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Daphne L McCulloch
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Dorothy A Thompson
- The Department of Clinical and Academic Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Ahmadi K, Fracasso A, Puzniak RJ, Gouws AD, Yakupov R, Speck O, Kaufmann J, Pestilli F, Dumoulin SO, Morland AB, Hoffmann MB. Triple visual hemifield maps in a case of optic chiasm hypoplasia. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116822. [PMID: 32276070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, each hemisphere comprises an overlay of two visuotopic maps of the contralateral visual field, one from each eye. Is the capacity of the visual cortex limited to these two maps or are plastic mechanisms available to host more maps? We determined the cortical organization of the visual field maps in a rare individual with chiasma hypoplasia, where visual cortex plasticity is challenged to accommodate three hemifield maps. Using high-resolution fMRI at 7T and diffusion-weighted MRI at 3T, we found three hemiretinal inputs, instead of the normal two, to converge onto the left hemisphere. fMRI-based population receptive field mapping of the left V1-V3 at 3T revealed three superimposed hemifield representations in the left visual cortex, i.e. two representations of opposing visual hemifields from the left eye and one right hemifield representation from the right eye. We conclude that developmental plasticity including the re-wiring of local intra- and cortico-cortical connections is pivotal to support the coexistence and functioning of three hemifield maps within one hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khazar Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Alessio Fracasso
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CS, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, the Netherlands; Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, 1105 BK, the Netherlands; Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QB, UK
| | - Robert J Puzniak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Andre D Gouws
- Department of Psychology, York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, York, YO10 5NY, UK
| | - Renat Yakupov
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Physics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Physics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, 39118, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
| | - Joern Kaufmann
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Franco Pestilli
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 1101 E, USA
| | - Serge O Dumoulin
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CS, the Netherlands; Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, 1105 BK, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, the Netherlands
| | - Antony B Morland
- Department of Psychology, York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, York, YO10 5NY, UK; Centre for Neuroscience, Hull-York Medical School, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany.
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Pawlitzki M, Horbrügger M, Loewe K, Kaufmann J, Opfer R, Wagner M, Al-Nosairy KO, Meuth SG, Hoffmann MB, Schippling S. MS optic neuritis-induced long-term structural changes within the visual pathway. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020; 7:7/2/e665. [PMID: 32224498 PMCID: PMC7057062 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The visual pathway is commonly involved in multiple sclerosis (MS), even in its early stages, including clinical episodes of optic neuritis (ON). The long-term structural damage within the visual compartment in patients with ON, however, is yet to be elucidated. Objective Our aim was to characterize visual system structure abnormalities using MRI along with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) depending on a single history of ON. Methods Twenty-eight patients with clinically definitive MS, either with a history of a single ON (HON) or without such history and normal VEP findings (NON), were included. OCT measures comprised OCT-derived peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness. Cortical and global gray and white matter, thalamic, and T2 lesion volumes were assessed using structural MRI. Diffusion-weighted MRI-derived measures included fractional anisotropy (FA), mean (MD), radial (RD), and axial (AD) diffusivity within the optic radiation (OR). Results Mean (SD) duration after ON was 8.3 (3.7) years. Compared with the NON group, HON patients showed significant RNFL (p = 0.01) and GCIPL thinning (p = 0.002). OR FA (p = 0.014), MD (p = 0.005), RD (p = 0.007), and AD (p = 0.004) were altered compared with NON. Global gray and white as well as other regional gray matter structures did not differ between the 2 groups. Conclusion A single history of ON induces long-term structural damage within the retina and OR suggestive of both retrograde and anterograde neuroaxonal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pawlitzki
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., M.H., K.L., J.K.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (M.P., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Computer Science (K.L.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Jung diagnostics GmbH (R.O.), Hamburg, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (M.W., K.O.A.-N., M.B.H.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences (M.B.H.), Magdeburg; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research (R.O., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; and Center for Neuroscience Zurich (S.S.), Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Marc Horbrügger
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., M.H., K.L., J.K.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (M.P., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Computer Science (K.L.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Jung diagnostics GmbH (R.O.), Hamburg, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (M.W., K.O.A.-N., M.B.H.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences (M.B.H.), Magdeburg; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research (R.O., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; and Center for Neuroscience Zurich (S.S.), Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Loewe
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., M.H., K.L., J.K.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (M.P., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Computer Science (K.L.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Jung diagnostics GmbH (R.O.), Hamburg, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (M.W., K.O.A.-N., M.B.H.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences (M.B.H.), Magdeburg; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research (R.O., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; and Center for Neuroscience Zurich (S.S.), Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörn Kaufmann
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., M.H., K.L., J.K.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (M.P., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Computer Science (K.L.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Jung diagnostics GmbH (R.O.), Hamburg, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (M.W., K.O.A.-N., M.B.H.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences (M.B.H.), Magdeburg; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research (R.O., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; and Center for Neuroscience Zurich (S.S.), Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Opfer
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., M.H., K.L., J.K.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (M.P., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Computer Science (K.L.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Jung diagnostics GmbH (R.O.), Hamburg, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (M.W., K.O.A.-N., M.B.H.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences (M.B.H.), Magdeburg; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research (R.O., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; and Center for Neuroscience Zurich (S.S.), Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wagner
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., M.H., K.L., J.K.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (M.P., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Computer Science (K.L.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Jung diagnostics GmbH (R.O.), Hamburg, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (M.W., K.O.A.-N., M.B.H.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences (M.B.H.), Magdeburg; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research (R.O., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; and Center for Neuroscience Zurich (S.S.), Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Khaldoon O Al-Nosairy
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., M.H., K.L., J.K.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (M.P., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Computer Science (K.L.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Jung diagnostics GmbH (R.O.), Hamburg, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (M.W., K.O.A.-N., M.B.H.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences (M.B.H.), Magdeburg; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research (R.O., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; and Center for Neuroscience Zurich (S.S.), Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven G Meuth
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., M.H., K.L., J.K.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (M.P., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Computer Science (K.L.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Jung diagnostics GmbH (R.O.), Hamburg, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (M.W., K.O.A.-N., M.B.H.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences (M.B.H.), Magdeburg; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research (R.O., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; and Center for Neuroscience Zurich (S.S.), Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., M.H., K.L., J.K.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (M.P., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Computer Science (K.L.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Jung diagnostics GmbH (R.O.), Hamburg, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (M.W., K.O.A.-N., M.B.H.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences (M.B.H.), Magdeburg; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research (R.O., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; and Center for Neuroscience Zurich (S.S.), Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Schippling
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., M.H., K.L., J.K.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (M.P., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Computer Science (K.L.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Jung diagnostics GmbH (R.O.), Hamburg, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (M.W., K.O.A.-N., M.B.H.), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences (M.B.H.), Magdeburg; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research (R.O., S.S.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; and Center for Neuroscience Zurich (S.S.), Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
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Carvalho J, Invernizzi A, Ahmadi K, Hoffmann MB, Renken RJ, Cornelissen FW. Micro-probing enables fine-grained mapping of neuronal populations using fMRI. Neuroimage 2019; 209:116423. [PMID: 31811903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of receptive field (RF) properties is fundamental to understanding the neural basis of sensory and cognitive behaviour. The combination of non-invasive imaging, such as fMRI, with biologically inspired neural modelling has enabled the estimation of population RFs directly in humans. However, current approaches require making numerous a priori assumptions, so these cannot reveal unpredicted properties, such as fragmented RFs or subpopulations. This is a critical limitation in studies on adaptation, pathology or reorganization. Here, we introduce micro-probing (MP), a technique for fine-grained and largely assumption free characterization of multiple pRFs within a voxel. It overcomes many limitations of current approaches by enabling detection of unexpected RF shapes, properties and subpopulations, by enhancing the spatial detail with which we analyze the data. MP is based on tiny, fixed-size, Gaussian models that efficiently sample the entire visual space and create fine-grained probe maps. Subsequently, we derived population receptive fields (pRFs) from these maps. We demonstrate the scope of our method through simulations and by mapping the visual fields of healthy participants and of a patient group with highly abnormal RFs due to a congenital pathway disorder. Without using specific stimuli or adapted models, MP mapped the bilateral pRFs characteristic of observers with albinism. In healthy observers, MP revealed that voxels may capture the activity of multiple subpopulations RFs that sample distinct regions of the visual field. Thus, MP provides a versatile framework to visualize, analyze and model, without restrictions, the diverse RFs of cortical subpopulations in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Carvalho
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Azzurra Invernizzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Khazar Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Remco J Renken
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Frans W Cornelissen
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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35
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Puzniak RJ, Ahmadi K, Kaufmann J, Gouws A, Morland AB, Pestilli F, Hoffmann MB. Quantifying nerve decussation abnormalities in the optic chiasm. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 24:102055. [PMID: 31722288 PMCID: PMC6849426 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion MRI is capable of detecting structural abnormalities of the optic chiasm. Quantification of crossing strength in optic chiasm is of promise for albinism diagnostics. Optic chiasm is a powerful test model for neuroimaging methods resolving crossing fibers.
Objective The human optic chiasm comprises partially crossing optic nerve fibers. Here we used diffusion MRI (dMRI) for the in-vivo identification of the abnormally high proportion of crossing fibers found in the optic chiasm of people with albinism. Methods In 9 individuals with albinism and 8 controls high-resolution 3T dMRI data was acquired and analyzed with a set of methods for signal modeling [Diffusion Tensor (DT) and Constrained Spherical Deconvolution (CSD)], tractography, and streamline filtering (LiFE, COMMIT, and SIFT2). The number of crossing and non-crossing streamlines and their weights after filtering entered ROC-analyses to compare the discriminative power of the methods based on the area under the curve (AUC). The dMRI results were cross-validated with fMRI estimates of misrouting in a subset of 6 albinotic individuals. Results We detected significant group differences in chiasmal crossing for both unfiltered DT (p = 0.014) and CSD tractograms (p = 0.0009) also reflected by AUC measures (for DT and CSD: 0.61 and 0.75, respectively), underlining the discriminative power of the approach. Estimates of crossing strengths obtained with dMRI and fMRI were significantly correlated for CSD (R2 = 0.83, p = 0.012). The results show that streamline filtering methods in combination with probabilistic tracking, both optimized for the data at hand, can improve the detection of crossing in the human optic chiasm. Conclusions Especially CSD-based tractography provides an efficient approach to detect structural abnormalities in the optic chiasm. The most realistic results were obtained with filtering methods with parameters optimized for the data at hand. Significance Our findings demonstrate a novel anatomy-driven approach for the individualized diagnostics of optic chiasm abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Puzniak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Khazar Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Kaufmann
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andre Gouws
- York Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Antony B Morland
- York Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Franco Pestilli
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience and Program in Cognitive Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Ahmadi K, Herbik A, Wagner M, Kanowski M, Thieme H, Hoffmann MB. Population receptive field and connectivity properties of the early visual cortex in human albinism. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116105. [PMID: 31422172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In albinism, the pathological decussation of the temporal retinal afferents at the optic chiasm leads to superimposed representations of opposing hemifields in the visual cortex. Here, we assessed the equivalence of the two representations and the cortico-cortical connectivity of the early visual areas. Applying fMRI-based population receptive field (pRF)-mapping (both hemifield and bilateral mapping) and connective field (CF)-modeling, we investigated the early visual cortex in 6 albinotic participants and 4 controls. In albinism, superimposed retinotopic representations of the contra- and ipsilateral visual hemifield were observed on the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated eye. This was confirmed by the observation of bilateral pRFs during bilateral mapping. Hemifield mapping revealed similar pRF-sizes for both hemifield representations throughout V1 to V3. The typical increase of V1-sampling extent for V3 compared to V2 was not found for the albinotic participants. The similarity of the pRF-sizes for opposing visual hemifield representations highlights the equivalence of the two maps in the early visual cortex. The altered V1-sampling extent in V3 might indicate the adaptation of cortico-cortical connections to visual pathway abnormalities in albinism. These findings thus suggest that conservative developmental mechanisms are complemented by alterations of the extrastriate cortico-cortical connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khazar Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Herbik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wagner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kanowski
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Eick CM, Ahmadi K, Sweeney-Reed CM, Hoffmann MB. Interocular transfer of visual memory - Influence of visual impairment and abnormalities of the optic chiasm. Neuropsychologia 2019; 129:171-178. [PMID: 30951737 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Due to an increased crossing of the optic nerve fibers at the optic chiasm in albinism, the visual cortex receives largely monocular input from the contralateral eye. Here we investigated whether this obstruction of binocular integration at the cortical input stage also impacts on interocular information exchange at the high processing level of visual memory. Interocular transfer (IOT) of visual memory retrieval was tested psychophysically after monocular encoding in 8 albinotic participants and 24 healthy controls. The retrieval performance (hit rate, reaction time, d') was determined when using the same or different eye at encoding. To assess the effect of reduced visual acuity (VA) on recognition, we simulated interocular acuity differences (IOA) in two healthy control groups (each n = 8), i.e., with large (VA: 0.89 vs. 0.12) and small simulated interocular difference (VA: 0.25 vs. 0.12), with the latter matched to that observed in the albinotic participants (VA: 0.20 vs. 0.15). A significant decrease in retrieval performance was observed in controls with simulated strongly reduced VA in one eye (p < 0.0001). For the other conditions and groups, including the albinotic participants, no dependence on VA and no significant difference between using the same or different eye was observed. This indicates interocular transfer and hence interocular information exchange in human albinism. These findings thus provide insights into the scope of plasticity of binocular information processing and inter-hemispherical information flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta M Eick
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany; Institute for Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany; Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Khazar Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Catherine M Sweeney-Reed
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Muranyi DS, Kramer FH, Herbik A, Hoffmann MB. Scotopic multifocal visual evoked potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:379-387. [PMID: 30677707 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the scope of scotopic multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEPS) for the assessment of scotopic visual fields. METHODS Pattern-reversal mfVEP for photopic (mfVEPP) and scotopic conditions (mfVEPS; 0.003 cd/m2) were recorded from 36 visual field locations of a circular checkerboard pattern (25° radius) in 9 participants with normal vision. MfVEPP were recorded with a conventional central fixation cross, mfVEPS were recorded (i) with (mfVEPS+) and (ii) without (mfVEPS-) an additional fixation aid. Latency shifts were determined using cross-correlations, mfVEP magnitudes were analysed in an eccentricity dependent manner using signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). RESULTS In comparison to mfVEPP, mfVEPS- and mfVEPS+ were delayed by 101 ms and 97 ms, respectively, and had smaller signal-to-noise-ratios. Both mfVEPS were reduced down to noise level in the center and also severely reduced for the most peripheral stimulus eccentricity used. The visual-field-coverage for the paracentral eccentricities of mfVEPS+ and mfVEPS- was 76% and 65% [4°-9°], respectively, and 79% and 66% [9°-16°]. CONCLUSIONS MfVEPS were delayed compared to mfVEPP and demonstrated the expected central response drop-out typical for scotopic vision. SIGNIFICANCE MfVEPS may hold promise of an objective, spatially resolved visual field test which motivates testing it in patients with diseases affecting scotopic vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Muranyi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Martin-Luther University Halle, Germany
| | - F H Kramer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Herbik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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39
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Heinrich SP, Hoffmann MB. [Visual Acuity, Contrast Sensitivity, Colour Vision: Thoughts on Psychophysical Exams in Neuro-ophthalmology]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2018; 235:1212-1217. [PMID: 30458561 DOI: 10.1055/a-0715-7918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite many technical advances, psychophysical testing of perceptual performance continues to play an important role in ophthalmic diagnostics, including neuro-ophthalmology. The present article considers methodological and clinical aspects of examining visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and colour vision. In contrast to acuity, contrast sensitivity is at present rarely tested, despite often being a more sensitive marker of disease. In general, standardised procedures have the advantage of a high degree of comparability. However, tests that deviate from the standard might be better adapted to detect the characteristic impairments associated with a specific visual disorder, which justifies their application in certain cases. This also applies to colour vision testing. Preliminary evidence suggests that the measurement of colour saturation thresholds might be a more efficient and more sensitive alternative to conventional colour vision tests in cases of acquired colour vision deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven P Heinrich
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg.,Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg
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40
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Abstract
Electrophysiological recordings from the retina and cortex are pivotal to reach beyond the retina for ophthalmological and neuro-ophthalmological diagnostic testing. Pattern electroretinograms (PERG) can be used to examine retinal ganglia cells and visual evoked potentials (VEP) help to investigate overall visual pathways. Thus, they support objective functional tests of visual pathways, as well as differential diagnosis. Conventional electrophysiology is of limited value in detecting local defects in the visual field. This gap is filled by applications of multifocal electrophysiology. This permits spatially resolved testing with multifocal PERG (mfPERG) and multifocal VEP (mfVEP), and eventually objective visual field testing with mfVEP. It is important for this spectrum of methods to consider possible confounds when performing the measurements and when interpreting the results. This is explained in the present article on the basis of a series of typical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Hoffmann
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg
| | - Sven P Heinrich
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg
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Gameiro RR, Jünemann K, Herbik A, Wolff A, König P, Hoffmann MB. Natural visual behavior in individuals with peripheral visual-field loss. J Vis 2018; 18:10. [PMID: 30458515 DOI: 10.1167/18.12.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited disease that causes progressive peripheral visual-field loss. In this study, we investigated how such loss affects visual exploration of natural images. Individuals with varying degrees of visual-field loss and healthy control participants freely observed images of different sizes while eye movements were recorded. We examined whether visual behavior differed when the scene content was shown in various extents of the visual field, and investigated the spatial bias, saccade amplitudes, and number and duration of fixations. We found that the healthy control group showed a central spatial bias during image viewing. The RP group showed similar biases on the group level, but with reproducible individual exploration patterns. For saccade amplitudes, the healthy control group and the RP group showed similar behavior throughout all image sizes. The RP group with severe loss of peripheral vision thus tended to target saccades toward blind areas of their visual field. The number of fixations did not change between the two groups, although fixation durations decreased in the RP group. In conclusion, the RP group scanned the images surprisingly similarly to the healthy control group; however, they showed individual idiosyncratic explorative strategies when the observed scene exceeded their visible field. Thus, although RP leads to a severe loss of the visual field, there is no general adaptive mechanism to change visual exploration. Instead, individuals rely on individual strategies, leading to high heterogeneity in the RP group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin Jünemann
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Anne Herbik
- Visual Processing Lab, Ophthalmic Department, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anika Wolff
- Visual Processing Lab, Ophthalmic Department, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute of Neurophysiology und Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Visual Processing Lab, Ophthalmic Department, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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Bach M, Hoffmann MB. Calculation and plotting of retinal nerve fiber paths based on Jansonius et al. 2009/2012 with an R program. Data Brief 2018; 18:66-68. [PMID: 29896492 PMCID: PMC5995751 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled “Retinal conduction speed analysis reveals different origins of the P50 and N95 components of the (multifocal) pattern electroretinogram” (Bach et al., 2018) [1]. That analysis required the individual length data of the retinal nerve fibers (from ganglion cell body to optic nerve head, depending on the position of the ganglion cell body). Jansonius et al. (2009, 2012) [2,3] mathematically modeled the path morphology of the human retinal nerve fibers. We here present a working implementation with source code (for the free and open-source programming environment “R”) of the Jansonius’ formulas, including all errata. One file defines Jansonius et al.’s “phi” function. This function allows quantitative modelling of paths (and any measures derived from them) of the retinal nerve fibers. As a working demonstration, a second file contains a graph which plots samples of nerve fibers. The included R code runs in base R without the need of any additional packages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bach
- University Eye Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - M B Hoffmann
- Visual Processing Laboratory, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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Abstract
A fundamental scheme in the organization of the early visual cortex is the retinotopic representation of the contralateral visual hemifield on each hemisphere. We determined the cortical organization in a novel congenital visual pathway disorder, FHONDA-syndrome, where the axons from the temporal retina abnormally cross to the contralateral hemisphere. Using ultra-high field fMRI at 7 T, the population receptive field (pRF) properties of the primary visual cortex were modeled for two affected individuals and two controls. The cortical activation in FHONDA was confined to the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated eye. Each cortical location was found to contain a pRF in each visual hemifeld and opposing hemifields were represented as retinotopic cortical overlays of mirror-symmetrical locations across the vertical meridian. Since, the enhanced crossing of the retinal fibers at the optic chiasm observed in FHONDA has been previously assumed to be exclusive to the pigment-deficiency in albinism, our direct evidence of abnormal mapping in FHONDA highlights the independence of pigmentation and development of the visual cortex. These findings thus provide fundamental insights into the developmental mechanisms of the human visual system and underline the general relevance of the interplay of subcortical stability and cortical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khazar Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alessio Fracasso
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QB, UK
| | - Jelle A van Dijk
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Kruijt
- Bartiméus Diagnostic Center for Rare Visual Disorders, Zeist, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria van Genderen
- Bartiméus Diagnostic Center for Rare Visual Disorders, Zeist, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Serge O Dumoulin
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Bach M, Cuno AK, Hoffmann MB. Retinal conduction speed analysis reveals different origins of the P50 and N95 components of the (multifocal) pattern electroretinogram. Exp Eye Res 2018; 169:48-53. [PMID: 29374551 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pattern electroretinogram (PERG), an indicator of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function, comprises a P50 and an N95 component. We addressed the question of whether the N95 originates, like the P50, from the RGC bodies or from the change of axon orientation at the optic nerve head (ONH). Thus, we recorded multifocal PERGs for 36 retinal locations in 21 participants. Second-order kernel responses were analyzed for the dependence of peak time topography on retinal fiber lengths to the ONH separately for the positive and negative excursions. We found that peak times were longer for macular [P1 (P50-like): 50 ms; N2 (N95-like): 76)] than for peripheral responses [P1: 43; N2: 66]. For the N2 another factor was necessary to explain the variability: The time difference (deltaT: N2 minus P1) was found to be proportional to fiber length from ganglion cell body to the ONH. We calculated retinal fiber length using an analytical function by Jansonius et al. (2009, 2012) and found that a linear model with factors eccentricity and fiber length explained 82% of the total N2 time variance (p«0.001). The conduction speeds of the retinal axons were estimated from deltaT to range from 0.5 to 3.0 m/s for parafovea and periphery, respectively. The dependence of deltaT on the distance from ganglion cell body to the ONH suggests that the N2 originates at the ONH rather than at the ganglion cell body. While the multifocal N2 peaks earlier (≈76 ms) than the non-multifocal PERG-N95 (≈95 ms), considerations of high-pass filtering and frequency dependence of the mfPERG-N2 suggest that the source separation (P50 = ganglion cell body vs. N95 = ONH) also holds for the non-multifocal PERG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bach
- University Eye Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Anne-Kathrin Cuno
- Visual Processing Laboratory, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Visual Processing Laboratory, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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Arngrim N, Hougaard A, Ahmadi K, Vestergaard MB, Schytz HW, Amin FM, Larsson HBW, Olesen J, Hoffmann MB, Ashina M. Heterogenous migraine aura symptoms correlate with visual cortex functional magnetic resonance imaging responses. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:925-939. [PMID: 29130510 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Migraine aura is sparsely studied due to the highly challenging task of capturing patients during aura. Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is likely the underlying phenomenon of aura. The possible correlation between the multifaceted phenomenology of aura symptoms and the effects of CSD on the brain has not been ascertained. METHODS Five migraine patients were studied during various forms of aura symptoms induced by hypoxia, sham hypoxia, or physical exercise with concurrent photostimulation. The blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal response to visual stimulation was measured in retinotopic mapping-defined visual cortex areas V1 to V4. RESULTS We found reduced BOLD response in patients reporting scotoma and increased response in patients who only experienced positive symptoms. Furthermore, patients with bilateral visual symptoms had corresponding bihemispherical changes in BOLD response. INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that different aura symptoms reflect different types of cerebral dysfunction, which correspond to specific changes in BOLD signal reactivity. Furthermore, we provide evidence of bilateral CSD recorded by fMRI during bilateral aura symptoms. Ann Neurol 2017;82:925-939.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Arngrim
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anders Hougaard
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Khazar Ahmadi
- Visual Processing Laboratory, Ophthalmic Department, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mark Bitsch Vestergaard
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Henrik Winther Schytz
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Faisal Mohammad Amin
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bo Wiberg Larsson
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jes Olesen
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Visual Processing Laboratory, Ophthalmic Department, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
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Yakupov R, Lei J, Hoffmann MB, Speck O. False fMRI activation after motion correction. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4497-4510. [PMID: 28580597 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Motion correction of echo-planar imaging (EPI) data used in functional MRI (fMRI) is an essential preprocessing step performed prior to statistical analysis. At ultra-high resolution fMRI, current requirements regarding translational and rotational motion may no longer be acceptable. This prompts the need for a systematic investigation of the effects of motion correction procedures with in vivo fMRI data. Here we systematically evaluated the effect of retrospective motion correction with freely available fMRI analysis software packages (FSL, AFNI, and SPM) on activation maps using fMRI data acquired with prospective motion detection, to identify and quantify confounding effects of retrospective motion correction, and to evaluate its dependence on spatial resolution and motion correction algorithms. Brain activation maps were obtained for two different resolutions, an ultrahigh, that is, 0.653 mm3 , and a more widely used 2.03 mm3 isotropic resolutions at 7 T. The EPI data were acquired using simultaneous non-image-based optical moiré phase tracking (MPT) of physical motion. The results showed that image-based motion detection, performed by SPM8 software package, may be erroneous in high-field fMRI data with partial brain coverage and can introduce spurious motion leading to false-positive and false-negative activation. Further analyses demonstrated that limited acquisition field of view has the dominant influence on the effect. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4497-4510, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renat Yakupov
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Juan Lei
- Visual Processing Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Brain Imaging Center, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Visual Processing Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Magdeburg, Germany
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Abstract
Current developments in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human visual system have generated a set of powerful approaches that are of great promise for modern ophthalmology. These make it possible to perform an objective spatially resolved test of visual function in patients with strong visual impairment and even to investigate the functional organisation of the visual cortex in the blind. As a consequence, they open a broad field of applications for functional assessment in ophthalmology and provide fundamental insights into the interplay of pathology and plasticity in the human visual system. This is highlighted by current studies investigating patients with acquired or congenital defects of the macula, or with visual pathway abnormalities, extended retinal damage, and complete blindness. Therapeutic approaches targeting the restoration of visual input are expected to benefit from these fMRI applications, either for the estimation of the success rate of a planned retinal therapy or as an objective high-level biomarker for the readout of therapy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Hoffmann
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universität Magdeburg
| | - H Thieme
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universität Magdeburg
| | - K Ahmadi
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universität Magdeburg
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Sengupta A, Kaule FR, Guntupalli JS, Hoffmann MB, Häusler C, Stadler J, Hanke M. A studyforrest extension, retinotopic mapping and localization of higher visual areas. Sci Data 2016; 3:160093. [PMID: 27779618 PMCID: PMC5079119 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The studyforrest (http://studyforrest.org) dataset is likely the largest neuroimaging dataset on natural language and story processing publicly available today. In this article, along with a companion publication, we present an update of this dataset that extends its scope to vision and multi-sensory research. 15 participants of the original cohort volunteered for a series of additional studies: a clinical examination of visual function, a standard retinotopic mapping procedure, and a localization of higher visual areas-such as the fusiform face area. The combination of this update, the previous data releases for the dataset, and the companion publication, which includes neuroimaging and eye tracking data from natural stimulation with a motion picture, form an extremely versatile and comprehensive resource for brain imaging research-with almost six hours of functional neuroimaging data across five different stimulation paradigms for each participant. Furthermore, we describe employed paradigms and present results that document the quality of the data for the purpose of characterising major properties of participants' visual processing stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Sengupta
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg D-39016, Germany
| | - Falko R. Kaule
- Psychoinformatics Lab, Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg D-39016, Germany
- Visual Processing Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg D-39120, Germany
| | - J. Swaroop Guntupalli
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Visual Processing Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg D-39120, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg D-39016, Germany
| | - Christian Häusler
- Psychoinformatics Lab, Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg D-39016, Germany
| | - Jörg Stadler
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg D-39118, Germany
| | - Michael Hanke
- Psychoinformatics Lab, Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg D-39016, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg D-39016, Germany
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Goll C, Thormann M, Hofmüller W, Friebe B, Behrens-Baumann W, Bley TA, Hoffmann MB, Speck O. Feasibility study: 7 T MRI in giant cell arteritis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 254:1111-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-016-3337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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50
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Hoffmann MB, Thieme H, Liedecke K, Meltendorf S, Zenker M, Wieland I. Visual Pathways in Humans With Ephrin-B1 Deficiency Associated With the Cranio-Fronto-Nasal Syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:7427-37. [PMID: 26580852 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous animal studies demonstrated the importance of components of the ephrin/Eph system for correct visual system development. Analogous investigations in humans are entirely missing. Here, we examined the visual system in humans with ephrin-B1 deficiency, which is x-linked and associated with the cranio-fronto-nasal syndrome (CFNS) in heterozygous females. METHODS For one male hemizygous for ephrin-B1 deficiency and three affected heterozygous females with molecular-genetically confirmed mutations, the integrity of the partial decussation of the optic nerves was assessed with visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and compared with albinotic, achiasmic, and control participants with healthy vision. Further, retinal morphology and function and the gross-retinotopic representation of the primary visual cortex were examined with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), ERG, and multifocal (mf) VEPs for the male participant and part of the carriers. RESULTS Strabismus and lack of stereovision was evident in the male and two of the females. Other characteristics of the visual system organization and function were normal: (1) retina: SD-OCT and funduscopy indicated normal foveal and optic nerve head morphology. Electroretinograms indicated normal retinal function, (2) optic chiasm: conventional (c)VEP showed no evidence for misrouting and mfVEPs were only suggestive of, if any, very minor local misrouting, and (3) visual cortex: mfVEP characteristics indicated normal retinotopic gross-representations of the contralateral visual hemifield in each hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS While ephrin-B1 deficiency leads to abnormal visual pathways in mice, it leaves the human visual system, apart from deficits in binocular vision, largely normal. We presume that other components of the ephrin-system can substitute the lack of ephrin-B1 in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany 2Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Department of Ophthalmology Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karin Liedecke
- Department of Ophthalmology Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Synke Meltendorf
- Department of Ophthalmology Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute for Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ilse Wieland
- Institute for Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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