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Ding J, Yang Q, Drossinos N, Guo Q. Advances in semantic dementia: Neuropsychology, pathology & neuroimaging. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102375. [PMID: 38866186 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Semantic dementia is a kind of neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by prominent semantic impairments and anterior temporal lobe atrophy. Since 2010, more studies have devoted to this rare disorder, revealing that it is more complex than we think. Clinical advances include more specific findings of semantic impairments and other higher order cognitive deficits. Neuroimaging techniques can help revealing the different brain networks affected (both structurally and functionally) in this condition. Pathological and genetic studies have also found more complex situations of semantic dementia, which might explain the huge variance existing in semantic dementia. Moreover, the current diagnosis criteria mainly focus on semantic dementia's classical prototype. We further delineated the features of three subtypes of semantic dementia based on atrophy lateralization with three severity stages. In a broader background, as a part of the continuum of neurodegenerative disorders, semantic dementia is commonly compared with other resembling conditions. Therefore, we summarized the differential diagnosis between semantic dementia and them. Finally, we introduced the challenges and achievements of its diagnosis, treatment, care and cross cultural comparison. By providing a comprehensive picture of semantic dementia on different aspects of advances, we hope to deepen the understanding of semantic dementia and promote more inspirations on both clinical and theoretical studies about it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Ding
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hushan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Niki Drossinos
- Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Xiao X, Dong Z, Yu M, Ding J, Zhang M, Cruz S, Han Z, Chen Y. White matter network underlying semantic processing: evidence from stroke patients. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae058. [PMID: 38444912 PMCID: PMC10914445 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The hub-and-spoke theory of semantic representation fractionates the neural underpinning of semantic knowledge into two essential components: the sensorimotor modality-specific regions and a crucially important semantic hub region. Our previous study in patients with semantic dementia has found that the hub region is located in the left fusiform gyrus. However, because this region is located within the brain damage in patients with semantic dementia, it is not clear whether the semantic deficit is caused by structural damage to the hub region itself or by its disconnection from other brain regions. Stroke patients do not have any damage to the left fusiform gyrus, but exhibit amodal and modality-specific deficits in semantic processing. Therefore, in this study, we validated the semantic hub region from a brain network perspective in 79 stroke patients and explored the white matter connections associated with it. First, we collected data of diffusion-weighted imaging and behavioural performance on general semantic tasks and modality-specific semantic tasks (assessing object knowledge on form, colour, motion, sound, manipulation and function). We then used correlation and regression analyses to examine the association between the nodal degree values of brain regions in the whole-brain structural network and general semantic performance in the stroke patients. The results revealed that the connectivity of the left fusiform gyrus significantly predicted general semantic performance, indicating that this region is the semantic hub. To identify the semantic-relevant connections of the semantic hub, we then correlated the white matter integrity values of each tract connected to the left fusiform gyrus separately with performance on general and modality-specific semantic processing. We found that the hub region accomplished general semantic processing through white matter connections with the left superior temporal pole, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and hippocampus. The connectivity between the hub region and the left hippocampus, superior temporal pole, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus was differentially involved in object form, colour, motion, sound, manipulation and function processing. After statistically removing the effects of potential confounding variables (i.e. whole-brain lesion volume, lesion volume of regions of interest and performance on non-semantic control tasks), the observed effects remained significant. Together, our findings support the role of the left fusiform gyrus as a semantic hub region in stroke patients and reveal its crucial connectivity in the network. This study provides new insights and evidence for the neuroanatomical organization of semantic memory in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyue Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhicai Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Mingyan Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Junhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Maolin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Sara Cruz
- The Psychology for Development Research Center, Lusiada University Porto, Porto 4100-348, Portugal
| | - Zaizhu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Dai Z, Song L, Luo C, Liu D, Li M, Han Z. Hemispheric lateralization of language processing: insights from network-based symptom mapping and patient subgroups. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad437. [PMID: 38031356 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The hemispheric laterality of language processing has become a hot topic in modern neuroscience. Although most previous studies have reported left-lateralized language processing, other studies found it to be bilateral. A previous neurocomputational model has proposed a unified framework to explain that the above discrepancy might be from healthy and patient individuals. This model posits an initial symmetry but imbalanced capacity in language processing for healthy individuals, with this imbalance contributing to language recovery disparities following different hemispheric injuries. The present study investigated this model by analyzing the lateralization patterns of language subnetworks across multiple attributes with a group of 99 patients (compared to nonlanguage processing) and examining the lateralization patterns of language subnetworks in subgroups with damage to different hemispheres. Subnetworks were identified using a whole-brain network-based lesion-symptom mapping method, and the lateralization index was quantitatively measured. We found that all the subnetworks in language processing were left-lateralized, while subnetworks in nonlanguage processing had different lateralization patterns. Moreover, diverse hemisphere-injury subgroups exhibited distinct language recovery effects. These findings provide robust support for the proposed neurocomputational model of language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Luping Song
- Shenzhen Sixth People's Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Chongjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Di Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Yuquan Campus, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zaizhu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Bonnì S, Borghi I, Maiella M, Casula EP, Koch G, Caltagirone C, Gainotti G. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effects on the Neural Substrate of Conceptual Representations. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1037. [PMID: 37508969 PMCID: PMC10376965 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to shed light on the neural substrate of conceptual representations starting from the construct of higher-order convergence zones and trying to evaluate the unitary or non-unitary nature of this construct. We used the 'Thematic and Taxonomic Semantic (TTS) task' to investigate (a) the neural substrate of stimuli belonging to biological and artifact categories, (b) the format of stimuli presentation, i.e., verbal or pictorial, and (c) the relation between stimuli, i.e., categorial or contextual. We administered anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to different brain structures during the execution of the TTS task. Twenty healthy participants were enrolled and divided into two groups, one investigating the role of the anterior temporal lobes (ATL) and the other the temporo-parietal junctions (TPJ). Each participant underwent three sessions of stimulation to facilitate a control condition and to investigate the role of both hemispheres. Results showed that ATL stimulation influenced all conceptual representations in relation to the format of presentation (i.e., left-verbal and right-pictorial). Moreover, ATL stimulation modulated living categories and taxonomic relations specifically, whereas TPJ stimulation did not influence semantic task performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bonnì
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Borghi
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Section of Human Physiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Maiella
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Elias Paolo Casula
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Section of Human Physiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Gainotti
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Volfart A, Yan X, Maillard L, Colnat-Coulbois S, Hossu G, Rossion B, Jonas J. Intracerebral electrical stimulation of the right anterior fusiform gyrus impairs human face identity recognition. Neuroimage 2022; 250:118932. [PMID: 35085763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain regions located between the right fusiform face area (FFA) in the middle fusiform gyrus and the temporal pole may play a critical role in human face identity recognition but their investigation is limited by a large signal drop-out in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Here we report an original case who is suddenly unable to recognize the identity of faces when electrically stimulated on a focal location inside this intermediate region of the right anterior fusiform gyrus. The reliable transient identity recognition deficit occurs without any change of percept, even during nonverbal face tasks (i.e., pointing out the famous face picture among three options; matching pictures of unfamiliar or familiar faces for their identities), and without difficulty at recognizing visual objects or famous written names. The effective contact is associated with the largest frequency-tagged electrophysiological signals of face-selectivity and of familiar and unfamiliar face identity recognition. This extensive multimodal investigation points to the right anterior fusiform gyrus as a critical hub of the human cortical face network, between posterior ventral occipito-temporal face-selective regions directly connected to low-level visual cortex, the medial temporal lobe involved in generic memory encoding, and ventral anterior temporal lobe regions holding semantic associations to people's identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Volfart
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; University of Louvain, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Xiaoqian Yan
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; University of Louvain, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium; Stanford University, Department of Psychology, CA 94305 Stanford, USA
| | - Louis Maillard
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Sophie Colnat-Coulbois
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurochirurgie, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Gabriela Hossu
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, CIC-IT, F-54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Inserm, IADI, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Bruno Rossion
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; University of Louvain, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium; Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jacques Jonas
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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Borghesani V, DeLeon J, Gorno-Tempini ML. Frontotemporal dementia: A unique window on the functional role of the temporal lobes. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 187:429-448. [PMID: 35964986 PMCID: PMC9793689 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823493-8.00011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an umbrella term covering a plethora of progressive changes in executive functions, motor abilities, behavior, and/or language. Different clinical syndromes have been described in relation to localized atrophy, informing on the functional networks that underlie these specific cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes. These functional declines are linked with the underlying neurodegeneration of frontal and/or temporal lobes due to diverse molecular pathologies. Initially, the accumulation of misfolded proteins targets specifically susceptible cell assemblies, leading to relatively focal neurodegeneration that later spreads throughout large-scale cortical networks. Here, we discuss the most recent clinical, neuropathological, imaging, and genetics findings in FTD-spectrum syndromes affecting the temporal lobe. We focus on the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia and its mirror image, the right temporal variant of FTD. Incipient focal atrophy of the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) manifests with predominant naming, word comprehension, reading, and object semantic deficits, while cases of predominantly right ATL atrophy present with impairments of socioemotional, nonverbal semantic, and person-specific knowledge. Overall, the observations in FTD allow for crucial clinical-anatomic inferences, shedding light on the role of the temporal lobes in both cognition and complex behaviors. The concerted activity of both ATLs is critical to ensure that percepts are translated into concepts, yet important hemispheric differences should be acknowledged. On one hand, the left ATL attributes meaning to linguistic, external stimuli, thus supporting goal-oriented, action-related behaviors (e.g., integrating sounds and letters into words). On the other hand, the right ATL assigns meaning to emotional, visceral stimuli, thus guiding socially relevant behaviors (e.g., integrating body sensations into feelings of familiarity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Borghesani
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Jessica DeLeon
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Poch C, Toledano R, García-Morales I, Alemán-Gómez Y, Gil-Nagel A, Campo P. Contributions of left and right anterior temporal lobes to semantic cognition: Evidence from patients with small temporopolar lesions. Neuropsychologia 2020; 152:107738. [PMID: 33383038 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have increased the understanding of the contribution of the anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) to semantic cognition. Nonetheless, whether semantic processing of different types of information show a selective relationship with left and right ATLs, or whether semantic processing in the ATLs is independent of the modality of the input is currently unknown. There exists evidence supporting each of these alternatives. A fundamental objection to these findings is that they were obtained from studies with patients with brain damage affecting extensive regions, sometimes bilaterally. In the current study, we assessed a group of 38 temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients with either left or right small epileptogenic lesions with a battery of commonly used semantic tasks that tested verbal and non-verbal semantic processing. We found that left TLE patients exhibited worse performance than controls on the verbal semantic tasks, as expected, but also on the non-verbal semantic task. On the other hand, performance of the right TLE group did not differ from controls on the non-verbal task, but was worse on a semantic fluency task. When performance between patient groups was compared, we found that left TLE not only did worse than right TLE on the naming task, but also on the non-verbal associative memory task. When considered together, current data do not support a strong view of input modality differences between left and right ATLs. Additionally, they provide evidence indicating that the left and right ATLs do not make similar contributions to a singular functional system for semantic representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Poch
- Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Nebrija, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledano
- Hospital Ruber Internacional, Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Madrid, Spain; University Hospital of Ramón y Cajal, Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene García-Morales
- Hospital Ruber Internacional, Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Madrid, Spain; University Hospital of San Carlos, Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yasser Alemán-Gómez
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Laboratory (MIAL), Centre D'Imagerie BioMédicale (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Gil-Nagel
- Hospital Ruber Internacional, Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Campo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Chen Y, Huang L, Chen K, Ding J, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Lv Y, Han Z, Guo Q. White matter basis for the hub-and-spoke semantic representation: evidence from semantic dementia. Brain 2020; 143:1206-1219. [PMID: 32155237 PMCID: PMC7191302 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The hub-and-spoke semantic representation theory posits that semantic knowledge is processed in a neural network, which contains an amodal hub, the sensorimotor modality-specific regions, and the connections between them. The exact neural basis of the hub, regions and connectivity remains unclear. Semantic dementia could be an ideal lesion model to construct the semantic network as this disease presents both amodal and modality-specific semantic processing (e.g. colour) deficits. The goal of the present study was to identify, using an unbiased data-driven approach, the semantic hub and its general and modality-specific semantic white matter connections by investigating the relationship between the lesion degree of the network and the severity of semantic deficits in 33 patients with semantic dementia. Data of diffusion-weighted imaging and behavioural performance in processing knowledge of general semantic and six sensorimotor modalities (i.e. object form, colour, motion, sound, manipulation and function) were collected from each subject. Specifically, to identify the semantic hub, we mapped the white matter nodal degree value (a graph theoretical index) of the 90 regions in the automated anatomical labelling atlas with the general semantic abilities of the patients. Of the regions, only the left fusiform gyrus was identified as the hub because its structural connectivity strength (i.e. nodal degree value) could significantly predict the general semantic processing of the patients. To identify the general and modality-specific semantic connections of the semantic hub, we separately correlated the white matter integrity values of each tract connected with the left fusiform gyrus, with the performance for general semantic processing and each of six semantic modality processing. The results showed that the hub region worked in concert with nine other regions in the semantic memory network for general semantic processing. Moreover, the connection between the hub and the left calcarine was associated with colour-specific semantic processing. The observed effects could not be accounted for by potential confounding variables (e.g. total grey matter volume, regional grey matter volume and performance on non-semantic control tasks). Our findings refine the neuroanatomical structure of the semantic network and underline the critical role of the left fusiform gyrus and its connectivity in the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Keliang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Junhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yingru Lv
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zaizhu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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