1
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Rennig J, Langenberger C, Karnath HO. Beyond visual integration: sensitivity of the temporal-parietal junction for objects, places, and faces. Behav Brain Funct 2024; 20:8. [PMID: 38637870 PMCID: PMC11027340 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
One important role of the TPJ is the contribution to perception of the global gist in hierarchically organized stimuli where individual elements create a global visual percept. However, the link between clinical findings in simultanagnosia and neuroimaging in healthy subjects is missing for real-world global stimuli, like visual scenes. It is well-known that hierarchical, global stimuli activate TPJ regions and that simultanagnosia patients show deficits during the recognition of hierarchical stimuli and real-world visual scenes. However, the role of the TPJ in real-world scene processing is entirely unexplored. In the present study, we first localized TPJ regions significantly responding to the global gist of hierarchical stimuli and then investigated the responses to visual scenes, as well as single objects and faces as control stimuli. All three stimulus classes evoked significantly positive univariate responses in the previously localized TPJ regions. In a multivariate analysis, we were able to demonstrate that voxel patterns of the TPJ were classified significantly above chance level for all three stimulus classes. These results demonstrate a significant involvement of the TPJ in processing of complex visual stimuli that is not restricted to visual scenes and that the TPJ is sensitive to different classes of visual stimuli with a specific signature of neuronal activations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rennig
- Division of Neuropsychology, Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Christina Langenberger
- Division of Neuropsychology, Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Karnath
- Division of Neuropsychology, Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
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2
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Huang F, Fu X, Song J, Ren J, Li F, Zhao Q. Divergent thinking benefits from functional antagonism of the left IFG and right TPJ: a transcranial direct current stimulation study. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad531. [PMID: 38204300 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Divergent thinking is assumed to benefit from releasing the constraint of existing knowledge (i.e. top-down control) and enriching free association (i.e. bottom-up processing). However, whether functional antagonism between top-down control-related and bottom-up processing-related brain structures is conducive to generating original ideas is largely unknown. This study was designed to investigate the effect of functional antagonism between the left inferior frontal gyrus and the right temporoparietal junction on divergent thinking performance. A within-subjects design was adopted for three experiments. A total of 114 participants performed divergent thinking tasks after receiving transcranial direct current stimulation over target regions. In particular, cathodal stimulation over the left inferior frontal gyrus and anodal stimulation over the right inferior frontal gyrus (Experiment 1), anodal stimulation over the right temporoparietal junction (Experiment 2), and both cathodal stimulation over the left inferior frontal gyrus and anodal stimulation over the right temporoparietal junction (Experiment 3) were manipulated. Compared with sham stimulation, the combination of hyperpolarization of the left inferior frontal gyrus and depolarization of the right temporoparietal junction comprehensively promoted the fluency, flexibility, and originality of divergent thinking without decreasing the rationality of generated ideas. Functional antagonism between the left inferior frontal gyrus (hyperpolarization) and right temporoparietal junction (depolarization) has a "1 + 1 > 2" superposition effect on divergent thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xiaqing Fu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jiajun Song
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jingyuan Ren
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525EN, The Netherlands
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qingbai Zhao
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Sun F, Yang T, Liu N, Wan X. The Causal Role of Temporoparietal Junction in Mediating Self-Other Mergence during Mentalizing. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8442-8455. [PMID: 37848283 PMCID: PMC10711729 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1026-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mentalizing is a core faculty of human social behaviors that involves inferring the cognitive states of others. This process necessitates adopting an allocentric perspective and suppressing one's egocentric perspective, referred to as self-other distinction (SOD). Meanwhile, individuals may project their own cognitive states onto others in prosocial behaviors, a process known as self-other mergence (SOM). It remains unclear how the two opposing processes coexist during mentalizing. We here combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) techniques with intranasal oxytocin (OTint) as a probe to examine the SOM effect in healthy male human participants, during which they attributed the cognitive states of decision confidence to an anonymous partner. Our results showed that OTint facilitated SOM via the left temporoparietal junction (lTPJ), but did not affect neural representations of internal information about others' confidence in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, which might be dedicated to SOD, although the two brain regions, importantly, have been suggested to be involved in mentalizing. Further, the SOM effect induced by OTint was fully mediated by the lTPJ activities and became weakened when the lTPJ activities were suppressed by rTMS. These findings suggest that the lTPJ might play a vital role in mediating SOM during mentalizing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Every human mind is unique. It is critical to distinguish the minds of others from the self. On the contrary, we often project the current mental states of the self onto others; that is to say, self-other mergence (SOM). The neural mechanism underlying SOM remains unclear. We here used intranasal oxytocin (OTint) as a probe to leverage SOM, which is typically suppressed during mentalizing. We revealed that OTint specifically modulated the left temporoparietal junction (lTPJ) neural activities to fully mediate the SOM effect, while suppressing the lTPJ neural activities by transcranial magnetic stimulations causally attenuated the SOM effect. Our results demonstrate that the lTPJ might mediate SOM during social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanru Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianshu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaohong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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Xie J, Li L, Lu Y, Zhuang J, Wu Y, Li P, Zheng L. Learning from in-group and out-group models induces separative effects on human mate copying. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad051. [PMID: 37757743 PMCID: PMC10547020 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mate copying is a social learning process in which individuals gather public information about potential mates by observing models' choices. Previous studies have reported that individual attributes of female models affect mate copying, yet little is known about whether and how the group attributes of models influence mate copying. In the current behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, female participants were asked to rate their willingness to choose the depicted males as potential romantic partners before and after observing in-group or out-group female models accepting, rejecting or being undecided (baseline) about the males. Results showed that participants changed their ratings to align with the models' acceptance or rejection choices. Compared to rejection copying, the effect of acceptance copying was stronger and regulated by in- and out-group models, manifesting a discounting copying effect when learning from out-group models. At the neural level, for acceptance copying, stronger temporoparietal junction (TPJ) activity and connectivity between TPJ and anterior medial prefrontal cortex (amPFC) were observed when female models belonged to out-group members; meanwhile, the functional connection of TPJ and amPFC positively predicted the rating changes when learning from out-group models. The results indicated that participants might need more resources to infer out-group members' intentions to overcome the in-group bias during acceptance copying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xie
- Department of Psychology, Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Fudan Institute on Ageing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- MOE Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinying Zhuang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yuyan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Fudan Institute on Ageing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- MOE Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Doricchi F, Lasaponara S, Pazzaglia M, Silvetti M. Anticipatory and target related "match/mismatch" activities of the TPJ: Reply to comments on "Left and right temporal-parietal junctions (TPJs) as "match/mismatch" hedonic machines: A unifying account of TPJ function". Phys Life Rev 2023; 46:286-291. [PMID: 37625330 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Doricchi
- Dipartimento di Psicologia 39, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Roma, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
| | - Stefano Lasaponara
- Dipartimento di Psicologia 39, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Roma, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Mariella Pazzaglia
- Dipartimento di Psicologia 39, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Roma, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Silvetti
- Computational and Translational Neuroscience Lab (CTNLab), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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Bonnì S, Borghi I, Maiella M, Casula EP, Koch G, Caltagirone C, Gainotti G. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effects on the Neural Substrate of Conceptual Representations. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1037. [PMID: 37508969 PMCID: PMC10376965 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to shed light on the neural substrate of conceptual representations starting from the construct of higher-order convergence zones and trying to evaluate the unitary or non-unitary nature of this construct. We used the 'Thematic and Taxonomic Semantic (TTS) task' to investigate (a) the neural substrate of stimuli belonging to biological and artifact categories, (b) the format of stimuli presentation, i.e., verbal or pictorial, and (c) the relation between stimuli, i.e., categorial or contextual. We administered anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to different brain structures during the execution of the TTS task. Twenty healthy participants were enrolled and divided into two groups, one investigating the role of the anterior temporal lobes (ATL) and the other the temporo-parietal junctions (TPJ). Each participant underwent three sessions of stimulation to facilitate a control condition and to investigate the role of both hemispheres. Results showed that ATL stimulation influenced all conceptual representations in relation to the format of presentation (i.e., left-verbal and right-pictorial). Moreover, ATL stimulation modulated living categories and taxonomic relations specifically, whereas TPJ stimulation did not influence semantic task performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bonnì
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Borghi
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Section of Human Physiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Maiella
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Elias Paolo Casula
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Section of Human Physiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Gainotti
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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7
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Leipold S, Abrams DA, Karraker S, Phillips JM, Menon V. Aberrant Emotional Prosody Circuitry Predicts Social Communication Impairments in Children With Autism. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2023; 8:531-541. [PMID: 36635147 PMCID: PMC10973204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional prosody provides acoustical cues that reflect a communication partner's emotional state and is crucial for successful social interactions. Many children with autism have deficits in recognizing emotions from voices; however, the neural basis for these impairments is unknown. We examined brain circuit features underlying emotional prosody processing deficits and their relationship to clinical symptoms of autism. METHODS We used an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging task to measure neural activity and connectivity during processing of sad and happy emotional prosody and neutral speech in 22 children with autism and 21 matched control children (7-12 years old). We employed functional connectivity analyses to test competing theoretical accounts that attribute emotional prosody impairments to either sensory processing deficits in auditory cortex or theory of mind deficits instantiated in the temporoparietal junction (TPJ). RESULTS Children with autism showed specific behavioral impairments for recognizing emotions from voices. They also showed aberrant functional connectivity between voice-sensitive auditory cortex and the bilateral TPJ during emotional prosody processing. Neural activity in the bilateral TPJ during processing of both sad and happy emotional prosody stimuli was associated with social communication impairments in children with autism. In contrast, activity and decoding of emotional prosody in auditory cortex was comparable between autism and control groups and did not predict social communication impairments. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a social-cognitive deficit model of autism by identifying a role for TPJ dysfunction during emotional prosody processing. Our study underscores the importance of tuning in to vocal-emotional cues for building social connections in children with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Leipold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
| | - Daniel A Abrams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Shelby Karraker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jennifer M Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
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8
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van der Cruijsen R, Blankenstein NE, Spaans JP, Peters S, Crone EA. Longitudinal self-concept development in adolescence. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:6987492. [PMID: 36639935 PMCID: PMC10036877 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal behavioral neuroimaging study tested two hypotheses concerning self-concept development in adolescence: domain-specific self-concept and similarity between own (direct) and perceived peers' (reflected) opinions of the self. Participants (N = 189; 10-24 years) evaluated their traits in academic, physical appearance and prosocial domains from direct and reflected perspectives in an functional magnetic resonance imaging session across three time points (TP1: n = 160; TP2: n = 151; TP3: n = 144). Behaviorally, we observed a mid-adolescent dip in self-concept positivity, which was strongest for the academic domain, showing domain differentiation in mid-adolescence. Self-evaluations were associated with activity in, e.g. medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and temporal-parietal junction (TPJ). mPFC showed an adolescent-emerging peak in activation, pronounced more for direct than reflected self-evaluations. TPJ activation was generally stronger for reflected self-evaluations, and activation linearly increased with age for both reflected and direct self-evaluations. Longitudinal prediction analyses showed that positivity of self-evaluations predicted increases in self-concept clarity and less fear of negative evaluation 1 and 2 years later, highlighting the developmental benefits of acquiring a positive self-concept. Together, we show that adolescent self-development is characterized by dissociable neural patterns underlying self-evaluations in different domains, and from reflected and direct perspectives, confirming adolescence as a formative phase for developing a coherent and positive self-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske van der Cruijsen
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam 3062 PA, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E Blankenstein
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem P Spaans
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam 3062 PA, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Peters
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam 3062 PA, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
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9
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Doricchi F, Lasaponara S, Pazzaglia M, Silvetti M. Left and right temporal-parietal junctions ( TPJs) as "match/mismatch" hedonic machines: A unifying account of TPJ function. Phys Life Rev 2022; 42:56-92. [PMID: 35901654 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies have tried to gain insights into the involvement of the Temporal Parietal Junction (TPJ) in a broad range of cognitive functions like memory, attention, language, self-agency and theory of mind. Recent investigations have demonstrated the partition of the TPJ in discrete subsectors. Nonetheless, whether these subsectors play different roles or implement an overarching function remains debated. Here, based on a review of available evidence, we propose that the left TPJ codes both matches and mismatches between expected and actual sensory, motor, or cognitive events while the right TPJ codes mismatches. These operations help keeping track of statistical contingencies in personal, environmental, and conceptual space. We show that this hypothesis can account for the participation of the TPJ in disparate cognitive functions, including "humour", and explain: a) the higher incidence of spatial neglect in right brain damage; b) the different emotional reactions that follow left and right brain damage; c) the hemispheric lateralisation of optimistic bias mechanisms; d) the lateralisation of mechanisms that regulate routine and novelty behaviours. We propose that match and mismatch operations are aimed at approximating "free energy", in terms of the free energy principle of decision-making. By approximating "free energy", the match/mismatch TPJ system supports both information seeking to update one's own beliefs and the pleasure of being right in one's own' current choices. This renewed view of the TPJ has relevant clinical implications because the misfunctioning of TPJ-related "match" and "mismatch" circuits in unilateral brain damage can produce low-dimensional deficits of active-inference and predictive coding that can be associated with different neuropsychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Doricchi
- Dipartimento di Psicologia 39, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Roma, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
| | - Stefano Lasaponara
- Dipartimento di Psicologia 39, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Roma, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Mariella Pazzaglia
- Dipartimento di Psicologia 39, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Roma, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Silvetti
- Computational and Translational Neuroscience Lab (CTNLab), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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10
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Abstract
In the human brain, the temporal-parietal junction (TPJ) is a histologically heterogenous area that includes the ventral portions of the parietal cortex and the caudal superior temporal gyrus sector adjacent to the posterior end of the Sylvian fissure. The anatomical heterogeneity of the TPJ is matched by its seemingly ubiquitous involvement in different cognitive functions that span from memory to language, attention, self-consciousness, and social behavior. In line with established clinical evidence, recent fMRI investigations have confirmed relevant hemispheric differences in the TPJ function. Most importantly, the same investigations have highlighted that, in each hemisphere, different subsectors of the TPJ are putatively involved in different cognitive functions. Here I review empirical evidence and theoretical proposals that were recently advanced to gain a unifying interpretation of TPJ function(s). In the final part of the review, a new overarching interpretation of the TPJ function is proposed. Current advances in cognitive neuroscience can provide important insights that help improve the clinical understanding of cognitive deficits experienced by patients with lesions centered in or involving the TPJ area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Doricchi
- Department of Psychology, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Neuropsychology of Attention, I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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11
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Liu D, Ma Y, Zhuang K, Chen Q, Shi B, Qiu J. Linking temporal-parietal junction to internet addiction tendency: Moderating effect of critical thinking. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:759-766. [PMID: 34469329 PMCID: PMC8997234 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Internet addiction (IA) is a common internet-related addictive behavior. An enormous amount of previous research on IA disorders (IADs) have paid attention to the neural basis of abnormalities, while few studies have elucidated the neural distinctions of IA tendency in general population. METHODS The current study examined the neural basis of IA tendency combining with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) from the average student body (N = 244). RESULTS As the results presented, the gray matter density (GMD) of the left temporal-parietal junction (TPJ) was positively correlated with Internet Addiction Test (IAT) score. Further analysis revealed that critical thinking moderated the path between GMD in the TPJ and IA tendency. Specifically, the correlation between GMD in the TPJ and IA tendency was weaker for those with a higher critical thinking disposition. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Higher critical thinking show a hindering effect in susceptibility to IA based on the neural basis of temporal-parietal junction differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuhe Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Baoguo Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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12
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Huang F, Song Y, Jiang Y, Zhao Q, Luo J. Where and How Are Original and Valuable Ideas Generated? tDCS of the Generation-Related Posterior Temporal Lobe and the Executive Control-Related Prefrontal Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1004-1013. [PMID: 34379744 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Creativity is generally defined as the ability to generate innovative thoughts that are both original and valuable. Previous studies have suggested that the temporal lobe, related to memory extraction and construction, is responsible for generating creative ideas and that the executive system supports the generation of creative ideas. However, the causal relationships between these structures and the novelty index as well as the appropriateness index of generated ideas have not been revealed. It is still largely unknown where and how original and valuable ideas are generated. In this study, the transcranial direct current stimulation technique was used to selectively manipulate the activity of the generation-related right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) (experiment 1) and the executive control-related left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (experiment 2). Then, both the novelty and appropriateness indexes of generated ideas were analyzed during insight problem-solving. The results showed that anodal stimulation of the right TPJ increased both the novelty and appropriateness indexes of creative ideas, whereas anodal stimulation of the left DLPFC increased the novelty index but not the appropriateness index of creative ideas. These findings suggest that the posterior temporal lobe takes both the novelty and appropriateness attributes into account to generate ideas, while the executive control system can effectively regulate the novelty attribute of generated ideas but ineffectively addresses the inappropriateness attribute. The current study indicates complementary mechanisms in the process of generating original and valuable ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qingbai Zhao
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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13
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Era V, Aglioti SM, Candidi M. Inhibitory Theta Burst Stimulation Highlights the Role of Left aIPS and Right TPJ during Complementary and Imitative Human-Avatar Interactions in Cooperative and Competitive Scenarios. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:1677-1687. [PMID: 31667496 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Competitive and cooperative interactions are based on anticipation or synchronization with the partner's actions. Both forms of interaction may either require performing imitative or complementary movements with respect to those performed by our partner. We explored how parietal regions involved in the control of imitative behavior (temporo-parietal junction, TPJ), goal coding and visuo-motor integration (anterior intraparietal sulcus, aIPS) contribute to the execution of imitative and complementary movements during cooperative and competitive interactions. To this aim, we delivered off-line non-invasive inhibitory brain stimulation to healthy individuals' left aIPS and right TPJ before they were asked to reach and grasp an object together with a virtual partner by either performing imitative or complementary interactions. In different blocks, participants were asked to compete or cooperate with the virtual partner that varied its behavior according to cooperative or competitive contexts. Left aIPS and right TPJ inhibition impaired individuals' performance (i.e., synchrony in cooperative task and anticipation in competition) during complementary and imitative interactions, respectively, in both cooperative and competitive contexts, indicating that aIPS and TPJ inhibition affects own-other action integration and action imitation (that are different in complementary vs imitative interactions) more than action synchronization or anticipation (that are different in cooperative vs competitive contexts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Era
- SCNLab Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- SCNLab Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Candidi
- SCNLab Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00185, Rome, Italy
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14
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Sellitto M, Neufang S, Schweda A, Weber B, Kalenscher T. Arbitration between insula and temporoparietal junction subserves framing-induced boosts in generosity during social discounting. Neuroimage 2021; 238:118211. [PMID: 34116152 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Generosity toward others declines across the perceived social distance to them. Here, participants chose between selfish and costly generous options in two conditions: in the gain frame, a generous choice yielded a gain to the other; in the loss frame, it entailed preventing the loss of a previous endowment to the other. Social discounting was reduced in the loss compared to the gain frame, implying increased generosity toward strangers. Using neuroimaging tools, we found that while activity in the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) was associated with generosity in the gain frame, the insular cortex was selectively recruited during generous choices in the loss frame. We provide support for a network-model according to which TPJ and insula differentially subserve generosity by modulating value signals in the VMPFC in a frame-dependent fashion. These results extend our understanding of the insula role in nudging prosocial behavior in humans.
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15
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Quiñones-Camacho LE, Fishburn FA, Belardi K, Williams DL, Huppert TJ, Perlman SB. Dysfunction in interpersonal neural synchronization as a mechanism for social impairment in autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2021; 14:1585-1596. [PMID: 33847461 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Social deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been linked to atypical activation of the mentalizing network. This work, however, has been limited by a focus on the brain activity of a single person during computerized social tasks rather than exploring brain activity during in vivo interactions. The current study assessed neural synchronization during a conversation as a mechanism for social impairment in adults with ASD (n = 24) and matched controls (n = 26). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data were collected from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and tempoparietal junction (TPJ). Participants self-reported on their social communication and videos of the interaction were coded for utterances and conversational turns. As expected, controls showed more neural synchrony than participants with ASD in the TPJ. Also as expected, controls showed less social communication impairment than participants with ASD. However, participants with ASD did not have fewer utterances compared with control subjects. Overall, less neural synchrony in the TPJ was associated with higher social impairment and marginally fewer utterances. Our findings advance our understanding of social difficulties in ASD by linking them to decreased neural synchronization of the TPJ. LAY SUMMARY: The coordination of brain responses is important for efficient social interactions. The current study explored the coordination of brain responses in neurotypical adults and adults with ASD to investigate if difficulties in social interactions are related to difficulties coordinating brain responses in ASD. We found that participants with ASD had more difficulties coordinating brain responses during a conversation with an interacting partner. Additionally, we found that the level of coordination in brain responses was linked to problems with social communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank A Fishburn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine Belardi
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diane L Williams
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Theodore J Huppert
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan B Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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16
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Nestmann S, Wiesen D, Karnath HO, Rennig J. Temporo-parietal brain regions are involved in higher order object perception. Neuroimage 2021; 234:117982. [PMID: 33757908 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesions to posterior temporo-parietal brain regions are associated with deficits in perception of global, hierarchical shapes, but also with impairments in the processing of objects presented under demanding viewing conditions. Evidence from neuroimaging studies and lesion patterns observed in patients with simultanagnosia and agnosia for object orientation suggest similar brain regions to be involved in perception of global shapes and processing of objects in atypical ('non-canonical') orientation. In a localizer experiment, we identified individual temporo-parietal brain areas involved in global shape perception and found significantly higher BOLD signals during the processing of non-canonical compared to canonical objects. In a multivariate approach, we demonstrated that posterior temporo-parietal brain areas show distinct voxel patterns for non-canonical and canonical objects and that voxel patterns of global shapes are more similar to those of objects in non-canonical compared to canonical viewing conditions. These results suggest that temporo-parietal brain areas are not only involved in global shape perception but might serve a more general mechanism of complex object perception. Our results challenge a strict attribution of object processing to the ventral visual stream by suggesting specific dorsal contributions in more demanding viewing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Nestmann
- Division of Neuropsychology, Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Wiesen
- Division of Neuropsychology, Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Karnath
- Division of Neuropsychology, Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.
| | - Johannes Rennig
- Division of Neuropsychology, Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery and Core for Advanced MRI, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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17
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Guterstam A, Bio BJ, Wilterson AI, Graziano M. Temporo-parietal cortex involved in modeling one's own and others' attention. eLife 2021; 10:e63551. [PMID: 33587038 PMCID: PMC7884070 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a traditional view, in social cognition, attention is equated with gaze and people track other people's attention by tracking their gaze. Here, we used fMRI to test whether the brain represents attention in a richer manner. People read stories describing an agent (either oneself or someone else) directing attention to an object in one of two ways: either internally directed (endogenous) or externally induced (exogenous). We used multivoxel pattern analysis to examine how brain areas within the theory-of-mind network encoded attention type and agent type. Brain activity patterns in the left temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) showed significant decoding of information about endogenous versus exogenous attention. The left TPJ, left superior temporal sulcus (STS), precuneus, and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) significantly decoded agent type (self versus other). These findings show that the brain constructs a rich model of one's own and others' attentional state, possibly aiding theory of mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvid Guterstam
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Department of PsychologyPrincetonUnited States
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Branden J Bio
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Department of PsychologyPrincetonUnited States
| | - Andrew I Wilterson
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Department of PsychologyPrincetonUnited States
| | - Michael Graziano
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Department of PsychologyPrincetonUnited States
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18
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Kelley MS, Noah JA, Zhang X, Scassellati B, Hirsch J. Comparison of Human Social Brain Activity During Eye-Contact With Another Human and a Humanoid Robot. Front Robot AI 2021; 7:599581. [PMID: 33585574 PMCID: PMC7879449 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2020.599581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Robot design to simulate interpersonal social interaction is an active area of research with applications in therapy and companionship. Neural responses to eye-to-eye contact in humans have recently been employed to determine the neural systems that are active during social interactions. Whether eye-contact with a social robot engages the same neural system remains to be seen. Here, we employ a similar approach to compare human-human and human-robot social interactions. We assume that if human-human and human-robot eye-contact elicit similar neural activity in the human, then the perceptual and cognitive processing is also the same for human and robot. That is, the robot is processed similar to the human. However, if neural effects are different, then perceptual and cognitive processing is assumed to be different. In this study neural activity was compared for human-to-human and human-to-robot conditions using near infrared spectroscopy for neural imaging, and a robot (Maki) with eyes that blink and move right and left. Eye-contact was confirmed by eye-tracking for both conditions. Increased neural activity was observed in human social systems including the right temporal parietal junction and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during human-human eye contact but not human-robot eye-contact. This suggests that the type of human-robot eye-contact used here is not sufficient to engage the right temporoparietal junction in the human. This study establishes a foundation for future research into human-robot eye-contact to determine how elements of robot design and behavior impact human social processing within this type of interaction and may offer a method for capturing difficult to quantify components of human-robot interaction, such as social engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S. Kelley
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - J. Adam Noah
- Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xian Zhang
- Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Brian Scassellati
- Social Robotics Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Joy Hirsch
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Departments of Neuroscience and Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Kogler L, Müller VI, Werminghausen E, Eickhoff SB, Derntl B. Do I feel or do I know? Neuroimaging meta-analyses on the multiple facets of empathy. Cortex 2020; 129:341-355. [PMID: 32562973 PMCID: PMC7390692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Empathy is a multidimensional construct including affective and cognitive components while maintaining the distinction between one-self and others. Our meta-analyses focused on shared and distinct networks underlying cognitive (taking somebody else's perspective in emotional/painful situations) and affective (self-referentially feeling somebody else's emotions/pain) empathy for various states including painful and emotional situations. Furthermore, a comparison with direct pain experience was carried out. For cognitive empathy, consistent activation in the anterior dorsal medial frontal gyrus (dmPFG) and the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) occurred. For affective empathy, convergent activation of the posterior dmPFG and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was found. Consistent activation of the anterior insula (AI), the anterior dmPFG and the SMG was observed for empathy for pain, while convergent recruitment of the temporo-parietal junction, precuneus, posterior dmPFG, and the IFG was revealed in the meta-analysis across empathy for emotion experiments. The AI and the dmPFG/mid-cingulate cortex (MCC) showed overlapping as well as distinct neural activation for pain processing and empathy for pain. Taken together, we were able to show difference in the meta-analytic networks across cognitive and affective empathy as well as for pain and empathy processing. Based on the current results, distinct functions along the midline structures of the brain during empathy processing are apparent. Our data are lending further support for a multidimensional concept of empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kogler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Veronika I Müller
- Institute of Neuroscience und Medicine, INM-7, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elena Werminghausen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience und Medicine, INM-7, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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van Schie CC, Chiu CD, Rombouts SARB, Heiser WJ, Elzinga BM. Stuck in a negative me: fMRI study on the role of disturbed self-views in social feedback processing in borderline personality disorder. Psychol Med 2020; 50:625-635. [PMID: 30867073 PMCID: PMC7093320 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpersonal difficulties in borderline personality disorder (BPD) could be related to the disturbed self-views of BPD patients. This study investigates affective and neural responses to positive and negative social feedback (SF) of BPD patients compared with healthy (HC) and low self-esteem (LSE) controls and how this relates to individual self-views. METHODS BPD (N = 26), HC (N = 32), and LSE (N = 22) performed a SF task in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Participants received 15 negative, intermediate and positive evaluative feedback words putatively given by another participant and rated their mood and applicability of the words to the self. RESULTS BPD had more negative self-views than HC and felt worse after negative feedback. Applicability of feedback was a less strong determinant of mood in BPD than HC. Increased precuneus activation was observed in HC to negative compared with positive feedback, whereas in BPD, this was similarly low for both valences. HC showed increased temporoparietal junction (TPJ) activation to positive v. negative feedback, while BPD showed more TPJ activation to negative feedback. The LSE group showed a different pattern of results suggesting that LSE cannot explain these findings in BPD. CONCLUSIONS The negative self-views that BPD have, may obstruct critically examining negative feedback, resulting in lower mood. Moreover, where HC focus on the positive feedback (based on TPJ activation), BPD seem to focus more on negative feedback, potentially maintaining negative self-views. Better balanced self-views may make BPD better equipped to deal with potential negative feedback and more open to positive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte C. van Schie
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chui-De Chiu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S. A. R., People's Republic of China
| | - Serge A. R. B. Rombouts
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J. Heiser
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernet M. Elzinga
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
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21
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Devaney KJ, Rosen ML, Levin EJ, Somers DC. Identification of Visual Attentional Regions of the Temporoparietal Junction in Individual Subjects using a Vivid, Novel Oddball Paradigm. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:424. [PMID: 31920587 PMCID: PMC6917576 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Temporoparietal Junction (TPJ) of the cerebral cortex is a functionally heterogeneous region that also exhibits substantial anatomical variability across individuals. As a result, the precise functional organization of TPJ remains controversial. One or more regions within TPJ support visual attention processes, but the "attention TPJ" is difficult to functionally observe in individual subjects, and thus is typically identified by averaging across a large group of subjects. However, group-averaging also blurs localization and can obscure functional organization. Here, we develop and test an individual-subject approach to identifying attentional TPJ. This paradigm employs novel oddball images with a strong visual drive to produce robust TPJ responses in individuals. Vivid, novel oddballs drive responses in two TPJ regions bilaterally, a posterior region centered in posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus (TPJSTS) and an anterior region in ventral Supramarginal Gyrus (TPJSMG). Although an attentional reorienting task fails to drive TPJ activation in individuals, group analysis of the attentional reorienting contrast reveals recruitment of right TPJSTS, but not right TPJSMG. Similarly, right TPJSTS, as identified in individual subjects by the vivid, novel oddball contrast, is activated by attentional reorienting, but right TPJSMG is not. These findings advance an individual-subject based approach to understanding the functional organization of TPJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Devaney
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Health and Human Performance, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Maya L Rosen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Emily J Levin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - David C Somers
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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22
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Wiese E, Buzzell GA, Abubshait A, Beatty PJ. Seeing minds in others: Mind perception modulates low-level social-cognitive performance and relates to ventromedial prefrontal structures. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2018; 18:837-56. [PMID: 29992485 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In social interactions, we rely on nonverbal cues like gaze direction to understand the behavior of others. How we react to these cues is affected by whether they are believed to originate from an entity with a mind, capable of having internal states (i.e., mind perception). While prior work has established a set of neural regions linked to social-cognitive processes like mind perception, the degree to which activation within this network relates to performance in subsequent social-cognitive tasks remains unclear. In the current study, participants performed a mind perception task (i.e., judging the likelihood that faces, varying in physical human-likeness, have internal states) while event-related fMRI was collected. Afterwards, participants performed a social attention task outside the scanner, during which they were cued by the gaze of the same faces that they previously judged within the mind perception task. Parametric analyses of the fMRI data revealed that activity within ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) was related to both mind ratings inside the scanner and gaze-cueing performance outside the scanner. In addition, other social brain regions were related to gaze-cueing performance, including frontal areas like the left insula, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and inferior frontal gyrus, as well as temporal areas like the left temporo-parietal junction and bilateral temporal gyri. The findings suggest that functions subserved by the vmPFC are relevant to both mind perception and social attention, implicating a role of vmPFC in the top-down modulation of low-level social-cognitive processes.
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23
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de Klerk CCJM, Bulgarelli C, Hamilton A, Southgate V. Selective facial mimicry of native over foreign speakers in preverbal infants. J Exp Child Psychol 2019; 183:33-47. [PMID: 30856416 PMCID: PMC6478146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mimicry, the spontaneous copying of others' behaviors, plays an important role in social affiliation, with adults selectively mimicking in-group members over out-group members. Despite infants' early documented sensitivity to cues to group membership, previous work suggests that it is not until 4 years of age that spontaneous mimicry is modulated by group status. Here we demonstrate that mimicry is sensitive to cues to group membership at a much earlier age if the cues presented are more relevant to infants. 11-month-old infants observed videos of facial actions (e.g., mouth opening, eyebrow raising) performed by models who either spoke the infants' native language or an unfamiliar foreign language while we measured activation of the infants' mouth and eyebrow muscle regions using electromyography to obtain an index of mimicry. We simultaneously used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying differential mimicry responses. We found that infants showed greater facial mimicry of the native speaker compared to the foreign speaker and that the left temporal parietal cortex was activated more strongly during the observation of facial actions performed by the native speaker compared to the foreign speaker. Although the exact mechanisms underlying this selective mimicry response will need to be investigated in future research, these findings provide the first demonstration of the modulation of facial mimicry by cues to group status in preverbal infants and suggest that the foundations for the role that mimicry plays in facilitating social bonds seem to be present during the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina C J M de Klerk
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK; Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
| | - Chiara Bulgarelli
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK; Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Antonia Hamilton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Victoria Southgate
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, DK-1017 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Donaldson PH, Kirkovski M, Rinehart NJ, Enticott PG. A double-blind HD-tDCS/EEG study examining right temporoparietal junction involvement in facial emotion processing. Soc Neurosci 2019; 14:681-696. [PMID: 30668274 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2019.1572648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have demonstrated that aspects of social cognition can be modulated via temporoparietal junction (TPJ) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). However, this technique lacks focality and electrophysiological effects or correlates are rarely examined. The present study investigated whether anodal and/or cathodal high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) would influence facial emotion processing performance relative to sham stimulation, and whether task performance changes were related to neurophysiological changes. Participants completed a facial emotion attribution tasks before and after rTPJ HD-tDCS, with event-related potentials (ERP) recorded during task performance. Anodal rTPJ HD-tDCS improved facial emotion processing performance for static depictions of fear (but not surprise). Stimulation condition influenced P300 latency, and also influenced the relationship between behavioural and electrophysiological (ERP) outcomes in several circumstances, findings which both support and challenge anodal-excitation/cathodal-inhibition accounts of tDCS effects. Results suggest that rTPJ anodal HD-tDCS can influence facial emotion recognition (i.e., affective mentalizing), and elucidate the nature and distribution of underlying neurophysiological processes. Stimulation effects, however, might depend on the intensity and salience/valence (negativity/threat) of the emotion, and these behavioural effects may not relate directly or simply to the ERPs assessed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Donaldson
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University , Geelong , Australia.,Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
| | - Melissa Kirkovski
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University , Geelong , Australia.,Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
| | - Nicole J Rinehart
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University , Geelong , Australia.,Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
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25
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McCormick EM, Perino MT, Telzer EH. Not just social sensitivity: Adolescent neural suppression of social feedback during risk taking. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:134-141. [PMID: 29518712 PMCID: PMC6014584 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of sensitivity to social stimuli. In particular, research has focused on the increased sensitivity to risks and social information seen during adolescence. However, recent evidence also suggests that adolescents can flexibly use information in service of their goals, raising an interesting question: are adolescents able to selectively discount social information if it conflicts with their goals? To test this question, fifty-five children and adolescents (ages 8-17 years) completed a social variant of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task during an fMRI session. Adolescents showed decreased tracking of negative social feedback in regions involved in salience-monitoring (e.g. insula) and social processing (e.g., TPJ, pSTS). Age-related changes in neural processing of risk and social feedback contributed to better performance for older participants. These results suggest that adolescents are able to suppress goal-irrelevant social feedback, rather than being uniformly hyper-sensitive to social information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M McCormick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Michael T Perino
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61820, United States
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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26
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Huang F, Tang S, Sun P, Luo J. Neural correlates of novelty and appropriateness processing in externally induced constraint relaxation. Neuroimage 2018; 172:381-389. [PMID: 29408576 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Novelty and appropriateness are considered the two fundamental features of creative thinking, including insight problem solving, which can be performed through chunk decomposition and constraint relaxation. Based on a previous study that separated the neural bases of novelty and appropriateness in chunk decomposition, in this study, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to further dissociate these mechanisms in constraint relaxation. Participants were guided to mentally represent the method of problem solving according to the externally provided solutions that were elaborately prepared in advance and systematically varied in their novelty and appropriateness for the given problem situation. The results showed that novelty processing was completed by the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and regions in the executive system (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC]), whereas appropriateness processing was completed by the TPJ and regions in the episodic memory (hippocampus), emotion (amygdala), and reward systems (orbitofrontal cortex [OFC]). These results likely indicate that appropriateness processing can result in a more memorable and richer experience than novelty processing in constraint relaxation. The shared and distinct neural mechanisms of the features of novelty and appropriateness in constraint relaxation are discussed, enriching the representation of the change theory of insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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27
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Joue G, Boven L, Willmes K, Evola V, Demenescu LR, Hassemer J, Mittelberg I, Mathiak K, Schneider F, Habel U. Handling or being the concept: An fMRI study on metonymy representations in coverbal gestures. Neuropsychologia 2018; 109:232-244. [PMID: 29275004 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In "Two heads are better than one," "head" stands for people and focuses the message on the intelligence of people. This is an example of figurative language through metonymy, where substituting a whole entity by one of its parts focuses attention on a specific aspect of the entity. Whereas metaphors, another figurative language device, are substitutions based on similarity, metonymy involves substitutions based on associations. Both are figures of speech but are also expressed in coverbal gestures during multimodal communication. The closest neuropsychological studies of metonymy in gestures have been nonlinguistic tool-use, illustrated by the classic apraxic problem of body-part-as-object (BPO, equivalent to an internal metonymy representation of the tool) vs. pantomimed action (external metonymy representation of the absent object/tool). Combining these research domains with concepts in cognitive linguistic research on gestures, we conducted an fMRI study to investigate metonymy resolution in coverbal gestures. Given the greater difficulty in developmental and apraxia studies, perhaps explained by the more complex semantic inferencing involved for external metonymy than for internal metonymy representations, we hypothesized that external metonymy resolution requires greater processing demands and that the neural resources supporting metonymy resolution would modulate regions involved in semantic processing. We found that there are indeed greater activations for external than for internal metonymy resolution in the temporoparietal junction (TPJ). This area is posterior to the lateral temporal regions recruited by metaphor processing. Effective connectivity analysis confirmed our hypothesis that metonymy resolution modulates areas implicated in semantic processing. We interpret our results in an interdisciplinary view of what metonymy in action can reveal about abstract cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Joue
- Human Technology Center, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Linda Boven
- School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Willmes
- Section Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Vito Evola
- Human Technology Center, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Liliana R Demenescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julius Hassemer
- Human Technology Center, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Irene Mittelberg
- Human Technology Center, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; JARA, Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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28
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Era V, Fusaro M, Gallo S. Commentary: Decoding the Charitable Brain: Empathy, Perspective Taking, and Attention Shifts Differentially Predict Altruistic Giving. Front Behav Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28638326 PMCID: PMC5461271 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Era
- Social Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy.,Social Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCSRome, Italy
| | - Martina Fusaro
- Social Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy.,Social Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCSRome, Italy
| | - Selene Gallo
- Social Brain Lab, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Abstract
Cooperation is a uniquely human behavior and can be observed across cultures. In order to maintain cooperative behavior in society, people are willing to punish deviant behavior on their own expenses and even without any personal benefits. Cooperation has been object of research in several disciplines. Psychologists, economists, sociologists, biologists, and anthropologists have suggested several motives possibly underlying cooperative behavior. In recent years, there has been substantial progress in understanding neural mechanisms enforcing cooperation. Psychological as well as economic theories were tested for their plausibility using neuroscientific methods. For example, paradigms from behavioral economics were adapted to be tested in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Also, related brain functions were modulated by using transmagnetic brain stimulation (TMS). While cooperative behavior has often been associated with positive emotions, noncooperative behavior was found to be linked to negative emotions. On a neural level, the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), the striatum, and other reward-related brain areas have been shown to be activated by cooperation, whereas noncooperation has mainly been associated with activity in the insula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Strang
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Soyoung Q Park
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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Platz T, Schüttauf J, Aschenbach J, Mengdehl C, Lotze M. Effects of inhibitory theta burst TMS to different brain sites involved in visuospatial attention - a combined neuronavigated cTBS and behavioural study. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 34:271-85. [PMID: 26923615 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-150582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND METHODS The study sought to alter visual spatial attention in young healthy subjects by a neuronavigated inhibitory rTMS protocol (cTBS-600) to right brain areas thought to be involved in visual attentional processes, i.e. the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and the posterior middle frontal gyrus (pMFG), and to test the reversibility of effects by an additional consecutive cTBS to the homologue left brain cortical areas. RESULTS Healthy subjects showed a leftward bias of the egocentric perspective for both visual-perceptive and visual-exploratory tasks specifically for items presented in the left hemifield. cTBS to the right TPJ, and less systematically to the right pMFG reduced this bias for visuo-spatial and exploratory visuo-motor behaviour. Further, a consecutive cTBS to the left TPJ changed the bias again towards the left for a visual-perceptive task. CONCLUSIONS The evidence supports the notion of an involvement of the right TPJ (and pMFG) in spatial visual attention. The observations further indicate that inhibitory non-invasive brain stimulation (cTBS) to the left TPJ has a potential for reversing a rightward bias of spatial attention when the right TPJ is dysfunctional. Accordingly, the findings could have implications for therapeutic rTMS development for right brain damaged patients with visual neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Platz
- BDH-Klinik Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johannes Schüttauf
- BDH-Klinik Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Aschenbach
- BDH-Klinik Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christine Mengdehl
- BDH-Klinik Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Lotze
- Functional Imaging Unit, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Germany
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31
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Webb TW, Igelström KM, Schurger A, Graziano MS. Cortical networks involved in visual awareness independent of visual attention. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:13923-8. [PMID: 27849616 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611505113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that visual attention, as measured with standard spatial attention tasks, and visual awareness, as measured by report, can be dissociated. It is possible to attend to a stimulus with no reported awareness of the stimulus. We used a behavioral paradigm in which people were aware of a stimulus in one condition and unaware of it in another condition, but the stimulus drew a similar amount of spatial attention in both conditions. The paradigm allowed us to test for brain regions active in association with awareness independent of level of attention. Participants performed the task in an MRI scanner. We looked for brain regions that were more active in the aware than the unaware trials. The largest cluster of activity was obtained in the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) bilaterally. Local independent component analysis (ICA) revealed that this activity contained three distinct, but overlapping, components: a bilateral, anterior component; a left dorsal component; and a right dorsal component. These components had brain-wide functional connectivity that partially overlapped the ventral attention network and the frontoparietal control network. In contrast, no significant activity in association with awareness was found in the banks of the intraparietal sulcus, a region connected to the dorsal attention network and traditionally associated with attention control. These results show the importance of separating awareness and attention when testing for cortical substrates. They are also consistent with a recent proposal that awareness is associated with ventral attention areas, especially in the TPJ.
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32
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Özdem C, Wiese E, Wykowska A, Müller H, Brass M, Van Overwalle F. Believing androids - fMRI activation in the right temporo-parietal junction is modulated by ascribing intentions to non-human agents. Soc Neurosci 2016; 12:582-593. [PMID: 27391213 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2016.1207702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Attributing mind to interaction partners has been shown to increase the social relevance we ascribe to others' actions and to modulate the amount of attention dedicated to them. However, it remains unclear how the relationship between higher-order mind attribution and lower-level attention processes is established in the brain. In this neuroimaging study, participants saw images of an anthropomorphic robot that moved its eyes left- or rightwards to signal the appearance of an upcoming stimulus in the same (valid cue) or opposite location (invalid cue). Independently, participants' beliefs about the intentionality underlying the observed eye movements were manipulated by describing the eye movements as under human control or preprogrammed. As expected, we observed a validity effect behaviorally and neurologically (increased response times and activation in the invalid vs. valid condition). More importantly, we observed that this effect was more pronounced for the condition in which the robot's behavior was believed to be controlled by a human, as opposed to be preprogrammed. This interaction effect between cue validity and belief was, however, only found at the neural level and was manifested as a significant increase of activation in bilateral anterior temporoparietal junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceylan Özdem
- a Department of Psychology , Vrije Universiteit Brussels , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Eva Wiese
- b Department of Psychology , George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA.,c Department of Psychology , Ludwig Maximilians-Universiteit , Munchen , Germany
| | - Agnieszka Wykowska
- d Engineering Psychology, Division of Human Work Sciences , Luleå University of Technology , Luleå , Sweden.,e Chair for Cognitive Systems , Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Hermann Müller
- c Department of Psychology , Ludwig Maximilians-Universiteit , Munchen , Germany
| | - Marcel Brass
- f Ghent Institute for Functional and Metabolic Imaging , University of Ghent , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Frank Van Overwalle
- a Department of Psychology , Vrije Universiteit Brussels , Brussels , Belgium
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33
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Krall SC, Volz LJ, Oberwelland E, Grefkes C, Fink GR, Konrad K. The right temporoparietal junction in attention and social interaction: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:796-807. [PMID: 26610283 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) has been associated with the ability to reorient attention to unexpected stimuli and the capacity to understand others' mental states (theory of mind [ToM]/false belief). Using activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis we previously unraveled that the anterior rTPJ is involved in both, reorienting of attention and ToM, possibly indicating a more general role in attention shifting. Here, we used neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation to directly probe the role of the rTPJ across attentional reorienting and false belief. Task performance in a visual cueing paradigm and false belief cartoon task was investigated after application of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) over anterior rTPJ (versus vertex, for control). We found that attentional reorienting was significantly impaired after rTPJ cTBS compared with control. For the false belief task, error rates in trials demanding a shift in mental state significantly increased. Of note, a significant positive correlation indicated a close relation between the stimulation effect on attentional reorienting and false belief trials. Our findings extend previous neuroimaging evidence by indicating an essential overarching role of the anterior rTPJ for both cognitive functions, reorienting of attention and ToM. Hum Brain Mapp 37:796-807, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Krall
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas J Volz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and UCSB Brain Imaging Center, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Eileen Oberwelland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Grefkes
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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34
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Fiori F, Candidi M, Acciarino A, David N, Aglioti SM. The right temporoparietal junction plays a causal role in maintaining the internal representation of verticality. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:2983-90. [PMID: 26400254 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00289.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Perception of the visual vertical is strongly based on our ability to match visual inflow with vestibular, proprioceptive, tactile, and even visceral information that contributes to maintaining an internal representation of the vertical. An important cortical region implicated in multisensory integration is the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), which also is involved in higher order forms of body- and space-related cognition. To test whether this region integrates body-related multisensory information necessary for establishing the subjective visual vertical, we combined a psychophysical task (the rod-and-frame test) with transient inhibition of the rTPJ via continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS). A Gabor patch visual detection task was used as a control visual task. cTBS of early visual cortex (V1-V3) was used to test whether early visual cortices played any role in verticality estimation. We show that inhibition of rTPJ activity selectively impairs the ability to evaluate the rod's verticality when no contextual visual information, such as a frame surrounding the rod, is provided. Conversely, transient inhibition of V1-V3 selectively disrupts the ability to visually detect Gabor patch orientation. This anatomofunctional dissociation supports the idea that the rTPJ plays a causal role in integrating egocentric sensory information encoded in different reference systems (i.e., vestibular and somatic) to maintain an internal representation of verticality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fiori
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Matteo Candidi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Adriano Acciarino
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Nicole David
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; and
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35
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Ganesh S, van Schie HT, Cross ES, de Lange FP, Wigboldus DHJ. Disentangling neural processes of egocentric and allocentric mental spatial transformations using whole-body photos of self and other. Neuroimage 2015; 116:30-9. [PMID: 25976923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental imagery of one's body moving through space is important for imagining changing visuospatial perspectives, as well as for determining how we might appear to other people. Previous neuroimaging research has implicated the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) in this process. It is unclear, however, how neural activity in the TPJ relates to the rotation perspectives from which mental spatial transformation (MST) of one's own body can take place, i.e. from an egocentric or an allocentric perspective. It is also unclear whether TPJ involvement in MST is self-specific or whether the TPJ may also be involved in MST of other human bodies. The aim of the current study was to disentangle neural processes involved in egocentric versus allocentric MSTs of human bodies representing self and other. We measured functional brain activity of healthy participants while they performed egocentric and allocentric MSTs in relation to whole-body photographs of themselves and a same-sex stranger. Findings indicated higher blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in bilateral TPJ during egocentric versus allocentric MST. Moreover, BOLD response in the TPJ during egocentric MST correlated positively with self-report scores indicating how awkward participants felt while viewing whole-body photos of themselves. These findings considerably advance our understanding of TPJ involvement in MST and its interplay with self-awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Ganesh
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Hein T van Schie
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emily S Cross
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Wales Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynned LL57 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - Floris P de Lange
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël H J Wigboldus
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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36
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Hale TS, Kane AM, Tung KL, Kaminsky O, McGough JJ, Hanada G, Loo SK. Abnormal Parietal Brain Function in ADHD: Replication and Extension of Previous EEG Beta Asymmetry Findings. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:87. [PMID: 25104941 PMCID: PMC4109587 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abundant work indicates ADHD abnormal posterior brain structure and function, including abnormal structural and functional asymmetries and reduced corpus callosum size. However, this literature has attracted considerably less research interest than fronto-striatal findings. OBJECTIVE To help address this imbalance, the current study replicates and extends our previous work showing abnormal parietal brain function in ADHD adults during the Conner's Continuous Performance Test (CPT). METHOD Our previous study found that ADHD adults had increased rightward EEG beta (16-21 Hz) asymmetry in inferior parietal brain regions during the CPT (p = 0.00001), and that this metric exhibited a lack of normal correlation (i.e., observed in controls) with beta asymmetry at temporal-parietal regions. We re-tested these effects in a new ADHD sample and with both new and old samples combined. We additionally examined: (a) EEG asymmetry in multiple frequency bands, (b) unilateral effects for all asymmetry findings, and (c) the association between EEG asymmetry and a battery of cognitive tests. RESULTS We replicated our original findings by demonstrating abnormal rightward inferior parietal beta asymmetry in adults with ADHD during the CPT, and again this metric exhibited abnormal reduced correlation to temporal-parietal beta asymmetry. Novel analyses also demonstrated a broader pattern of rightward beta and theta asymmetry across inferior, superior, and temporal-parietal brain regions, and showed that rightward parietal asymmetry in ADHD was atypically associated with multiple cognitive tests. CONCLUSION Abnormal increased rightward parietal EEG beta asymmetry is an important feature of ADHD. We speculate that this phenotype may occur with any form of impaired capacity for top-down task-directed control over sensory encoding functions, and that it may reflect associated increase of attentional shifting and compensatory sustained/selective attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Sigi Hale
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea M. Kane
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelly L. Tung
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Kaminsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James J. McGough
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Grant Hanada
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandra K. Loo
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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van den Bos W, Vahl P, Güroğlu B, van Nunspeet F, Colins O, Markus M, Rombouts SARB, van der Wee N, Vermeiren R, Crone EA. Neural correlates of social decision-making in severely antisocial adolescents. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 9:2059-66. [PMID: 24493845 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurobiological and behavioral findings suggest that the development of delinquent behavior is associated with atypical social-affective processing. However, to date, no study has examined neural processes associated with social interactions in severely antisocial adolescents. In this study we investigated the behavioral and neural processes underlying social interactions of juvenile delinquents and a matched control group. Participants played the mini-Ultimatum Game as a responder while in the MRI scanner. Participants rejected unfair offers significantly less when the other player had 'no alternative' compared with a 'fair' alternative, suggesting that they took the intentions of the other player into account. However, this effect was reduced in the juvenile delinquents. The neuroimaging results revealed that juvenile delinquents showed less activation in the temporal parietal junction (TPJ) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). However, the groups showed similar activation levels in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the right anterior insula (AI) when norms were violated. These results indicate that juvenile delinquents with severe antisocial behavior process norm violations adequately, but may have difficulties with attending spontaneously to relevant features of the social context during interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter van den Bos
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS.
| | - Pauline Vahl
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS
| | - Berna Güroğlu
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS
| | - Félice van Nunspeet
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS
| | - Olivier Colins
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS
| | - Monica Markus
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS
| | - Serge A R B Rombouts
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS
| | - Nic van der Wee
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS
| | - Robert Vermeiren
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 14195, Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333 AK, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands 2300 RC, and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1018 WS
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Anzellotti S, Caramazza A. Individuating the neural bases for the recognition of conspecifics with MVPA. Neuroimage 2014; 89:165-70. [PMID: 24333396 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conspecifics are potential mates, and can be the most dangerous threats. With conspecifics we engage in complex social interactions. Therefore, it is important to rapidly detect the presence of conspecifics in a scene. Images of humans attract attention, and do so already in 9-months-old infants, showing that the distinction between conspecifics and other animals emerges early in development. However, despite a wealth of evidence on the behavioral differences between the processing of conspecifics and other animals, the neural mechanisms that underlie the recognition of conspecifics remain unknown. In this experiment, we used recursive feature elimination to individuate brain regions that show selective effects for the faces of conspecifics, individuating reliable conspecific effects in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC). Consistent with the importance of conspecifics recognition for reorienting attention and for social cognition, this region shows functional connectivity with the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), implicated in reorienting attention and in the attribution of mental states to others. Our results suggest that the right vlPFC plays an important role for the recognition of conspecifics and may function as a gateway for the attribution of mental states to an object.
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Abstract
Controlling neural representations of the self and other people is fundamental to social cognition. Brain imaging studies have implicated the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) in this ability, but causal evidence for its role is lacking. A debate is also ongoing regarding whether the control of, or switching between, self and other representations is a specialized or domain-general process: the rTPJ's well-established role in reorienting attention supports a domain-general process, but a role specific to social cognition has also been proposed. Neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to target the rTPJ (and a control mid-occipital site) during a task requiring participants to switch between representations of others' actions on both a social and a nonsocial level, by manipulating imitative and spatial compatibility simultaneously and independently. Both imitative and spatial compatibility effects were apparent on response times; however, the effect of imitative compatibility was significantly stronger, indicating less control of imitation, during stimulation of the rTPJ relative to the control site. This suggests that the rTPJ is involved in switching between self and other representations, and further, that this process may not be entirely domain general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sowden
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Caroline Catmur
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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40
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Fairhurst MT, Janata P, Keller PE. Leading the follower: an fMRI investigation of dynamic cooperativity and leader-follower strategies in synchronization with an adaptive virtual partner. Neuroimage 2014; 84:688-97. [PMID: 24064075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
From everyday experience we know that it is generally easier to interact with someone who adapts to our behavior. Beyond this, achieving a common goal will very much depend on who adapts to whom and to what degree. Therefore, many joint action tasks such as musical performance prove to be more successful when defined leader-follower roles are established. In the present study, we present a novel approach to explore the mechanisms of how individuals lead and, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), probe the neural correlates of leading. Specifically, we implemented an adaptive virtual partner (VP), an auditory pacing signal, with which individuals were instructed to tap in synchrony while maintaining a steady tempo. By varying the degree of temporal adaptation (period correction) implemented by the VP, we manipulated the objective control individuals had to exert to maintain the overall tempo of the pacing sequence (which was prone to tempo drift with high levels of period correction). Our imaging data revealed that perceiving greater influence and leading are correlated with right lateralized frontal activation of areas involved in cognitive control and self-related processing. Using participants' subjective ratings of influence and task difficulty, we classified a subgroup of our cohort as "leaders", individuals who found the task of synchronizing easier when they felt more in control. Behavioral tapping measures showed that leaders employed less error correction and focused more on self-tapping (prioritizing the instruction to maintain the given tempo) than on the stability of the interaction (prioritizing the instruction to synchronize with the VP), with correlated activity in areas involved in self-initiated action including the pre-supplementary motor area.
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Perry D, Walder K, Hendler T, Shamay-Tsoory SG. The gender you are and the gender you like: sexual preference and empathic neural responses. Brain Res 2013; 1534:66-75. [PMID: 23994213 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empathy relates to the ability to share the emotions and understand the intentions and emotions of the other. Although it has been suggested that women have superior empathic abilities as compared to men, it is unknown whether it is the gender or the sexual preference of the individual that affects empathy. Given that sexual attraction has been reported to affect social behavior, the present study explored the possibility that sexual orientation affects behavioral measures of empathy as well as empathy related activations. METHODS Fifty two heterosexual and homosexual women and men were scanned while performing an emotional judgment task involving emotional understanding of a protagonist. RESULTS The behavioral and neuroimaging results indicate that empathy is related to the gender as well as the sexual preference of the participant. Individuals sexually attracted to men (heterosexual women and homosexual men) showed greater empathy than subjects attracted to women (heterosexual men and homosexual women). Furthermore, brain imaging data reveal that regions within the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), showed sensitivity to the sexual orientation of the individual, such that it was activated more in subjects attracted to men than in subjects attracted to women while evaluating the emotional state of the other. Moreover, the activation in the TPJ was found to be correlated with the degree to which subjects were empathizing. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that individual differences in empathy are related to the gender as well as the sexual orientation of the subject.
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Guo X, Zheng L, Cheng X, Chen M, Zhu L, Li J, Chen L, Yang Z. Neural responses to unfairness and fairness depend on self-contribution to the income. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 9:1498-505. [PMID: 23946001 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-contribution to the income (individual achievement) was an important factor which needs to be taken into individual's fairness considerations. This study aimed at elucidating the modulation of self-contribution to the income, on recipient's responses to unfairness in the Ultimatum Game. Eighteen participants were scanned while they were playing an adapted version of the Ultimatum Game as responders. Before splitting money, the proposer and the participant (responder) played the ball-guessing game. The responder's contribution to the income was manipulated by both the participant's and the proposer's accuracy in the ball-guessing game. It turned out that the participants more often rejected unfair offers and gave lower fairness ratings when they played a more important part in the earnings. At the neural level, anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and temporoparietal junction showed greater activities to unfairness when self-contribution increased, whereas ventral striatum and medial orbitofrontal gyrus showed higher activations to fair (vs unfair) offers in the other-contributed condition relative to the other two. Besides, the activations of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during unfair offers showed positive correlation with rejection rates in the self-contributed condition. These findings shed light on the significance of self-contribution in fairness-related social decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, and Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, SH 200433, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, and Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, SH 200433, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, and Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, SH 200433, China
| | - Menghe Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, and Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, SH 200433, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, and Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, SH 200433, China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, and Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, SH 200433, China
| | - Luguang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, and Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, SH 200433, China
| | - Zhiliang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai, SH 200062, China, and Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, SH 200433, China
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Li S, Jiang X, Yu H, Zhou X. Cognitive empathy modulates the processing of pragmatic constraints during sentence comprehension. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 9:1166-74. [PMID: 23893849 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that brain regions for mentalizing, including temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), are activated in understanding the nonliteral meaning of sentences. A different set of brain regions, including left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), is activated for dealing with pragmatic incongruence. Here we demonstrate that individuals' cognitive empathic ability modulates the brain activity underlying the processing of pragmatic constraints during sentence comprehension. The lian … dou … construction in Chinese (similar to English even) normally describes an event of low expectedness; it also introduces a pragmatic scale against which the likelihood of an underspecified event can be inferred. By embedding neutral or highly likely events in the construction, we created underspecified and incongruent sentences and compared both with control sentences in which events of low expectedness were described. Imaging results showed that (i) left TPJ was activated for the underspecified sentences, and the activity in mPFC correlated with individuals' fantasizing ability and (ii) anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was activated for the incongruent sentences, and the activity in bilateral IFG correlated with individuals' perspective taking ability. These findings suggest that brain activations in making pragmatic inference and in dealing with pragmatic failure are modulated by different components of cognitive empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Li
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Machine Perception and Key Laboratory of Computational Linguistics (Ministry of Education), and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Machine Perception and Key Laboratory of Computational Linguistics (Ministry of Education), and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Machine Perception and Key Laboratory of Computational Linguistics (Ministry of Education), and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Machine Perception and Key Laboratory of Computational Linguistics (Ministry of Education), and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of ChinaCenter for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Machine Perception and Key Laboratory of Computational Linguistics (Ministry of Education), and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of ChinaCenter for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Machine Perception and Key Laboratory of Computational Linguistics (Ministry of Education), and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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Feldmanhall O, Mobbs D, Dalgleish T. Deconstructing the brain's moral network: dissociable functionality between the temporoparietal junction and ventro-medial prefrontal cortex. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 9:297-306. [PMID: 23322890 PMCID: PMC3980797 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nss139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has illustrated that the brain regions implicated in moral cognition comprise a robust and broadly distributed network. However, understanding how these brain regions interact and give rise to the complex interplay of cognitive processes underpinning human moral cognition is still in its infancy. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine patterns of activation for ‘difficult’ and ‘easy’ moral decisions relative to matched non-moral comparators. This revealed an activation pattern consistent with a relative functional double dissociation between the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and ventro-medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Difficult moral decisions activated bilateral TPJ and deactivated the vmPFC and OFC. In contrast, easy moral decisions revealed patterns of activation in the vmPFC and deactivation in bilateral TPJ and dorsolateral PFC. Together these results suggest that moral cognition is a dynamic process implemented by a distributed network that involves interacting, yet functionally dissociable networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriel Feldmanhall
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK. This research was supported by the Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit.
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Mars RB, Neubert FX, Noonan MP, Sallet J, Toni I, Rushworth MFS. On the relationship between the "default mode network" and the "social brain". Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:189. [PMID: 22737119 PMCID: PMC3380415 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) of the brain consists of areas that are typically more active during rest than during active task performance. Recently however, this network has been shown to be activated by certain types of tasks. Social cognition, particularly higher-order tasks such as attributing mental states to others, has been suggested to activate a network of areas at least partly overlapping with the DMN. Here, we explore this claim, drawing on evidence from meta-analyses of functional MRI data and recent studies investigating the structural and functional connectivity of the social brain. In addition, we discuss recent evidence for the existence of a DMN in non-human primates. We conclude by discussing some of the implications of these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier B Mars
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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