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Marchand A, Ménard J, Brochu P, Haddad S. Modeling the impact of heat stress on the toxicokinetics of toluene and acetone. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:471-479. [PMID: 38127129 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Many workers can be exposed simultaneously to heat and volatile chemicals. In a controlled human exposure study, it was observed that an increase in ambient temperature was associated with increased blood concentrations for acetone and toluene. Based on the expected changes in physiological parameters that occur with an increase in ambient temperature, we aimed to develop a PBPK model for acetone and toluene that could account for the impact of temperature on the kinetics of these solvents. Changes in temperature-dependent physiological parameters (i.e. blood flows, cardiac output, alveolar ventilation) based on recent measurements in volunteers were introduced in the PBPK models to simulate observed blood concentrations for different temperature exposure conditions. Because initial simulations did not adequately predict solvent kinetics at any temperature, the most sensitive parameter (alveolar ventilation; Qp) was, therefore, optimized on experimental acetone blood concentrations to obtain a relationship with temperature. The new temperature-dependent Qp relationship gave Qp values consistent with the literature and estimated a mean increase of 19% at 30 °C (wet bulb globe temperature) compared to 21 °C. The integration of a new temperature-dependent Qp relationship in the PBPK toluene model yielded adequate simulations of the experimental data for toluene in blood, exhaled air and urine. With further validation with other solvents, the temperature-dependant PBPK model could be a useful tool to better assess the risks of simultaneous exposure to volatile chemicals and heat stress and interpret biomonitoring data in workers as well as in the general population. TRN: NCT02659410, Registration date: January 15, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Marchand
- Centre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, (Qc.), H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, ESPUM, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, (Qc.), H3C 3J7, Canada
- Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, Université de Montréal, Montreal, (Qc.), Canada
| | - Jessie Ménard
- Centre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, (Qc.), H3C 3J7, Canada
- Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, Université de Montréal, Montreal, (Qc.), Canada
| | | | - Sami Haddad
- Centre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, (Qc.), H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, Université de Montréal, Montreal, (Qc.), Canada.
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Llorente L, Aquilino M, Herrero Ó, de la Peña E, Planelló R. Characterization and expression of heat shock and immune genes in natural populations of Prodiamesa olivacea (Diptera) exposed to thermal stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115359. [PMID: 37595349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper characterizes the heat stress response (HSR) and explores the impact of temperatures on the immune response of larvae from two chironomid species, Prodiamesa olivacea and Chironomus riparius. Genes involved in crucial metabolic pathways were de novo identified in P. olivacea: Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsc70, Cdc37, and HSF for the heat stress response (HSR) and TOLL, PGRP, C-type lectin, and JAK/hopscotch for the immune system response (ISR). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of the selected genes in short-term treatments (up to 120') at high temperatures (35 °C and 39 °C). Exposing P. olivacea to elevated temperatures resulted in HSR induction with increased expression of specific heat shock genes, suggesting the potential of HSPs as early indicators of acute thermal stress. Surprisingly, we found that heat shock represses multiple immune genes, revealing the antagonist relation between the heat shock response and the innate immune response in P. olivacea. Our results also showed species-dependent gene responses, with more significant effects in P. olivacea, for most of the biomarkers studied, demonstrating a higher sensitivity in this species to environmental stress conditions than that of C. riparius. This work shows a multi-species approach that enables a deeper understanding of the effects of heat stress at the molecular level in aquatic dipterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Llorente
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28232, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Aquilino
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28232, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Óscar Herrero
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28232, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo de la Peña
- Institute for Subtropical and Mediterranean Horticulture (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Finca Experimental La Mayora, Algarrobo-Costa, 29750 Malaga, Spain; Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bio-science Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Rosario Planelló
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28232, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain.
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Philippe C, Thoré ESJ, Verbesselt S, Grégoir AF, Brendonck L, Pinceel T. Combined effects of global warming and chlorpyrifos exposure on the annual fish Nothobranchius furzeri. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114290. [PMID: 36403300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and environmental pollution threaten aquatic ecosystems. While interactive effects between both stressors can have more than additive consequences, these remain poorly studied for most taxa. Especially chronic exposure trials with vertebrates are scarce due to the high time- and monetary costs of such studies. We use the recently-established fish model Nothobranchius furzeri to assess the separate and combined effects of exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos (at 2 µg/L and 4 µg/L) and a 2 °C temperature increase. We performed a full life-cycle assessment to evaluate fitness-related endpoints including survival, total body length, maturation time, fecundity, critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and locomotor activity. Exposure to 4 µg/L chlorpyrifos slowed down male maturation, reduced fecundity and impaired growth of the fish. While the temperature increase did not affect any of the measured endpoints on its own, the combination of exposure to 2 µg/L CPF with an increase of 2 °C reduced growth and severely reduced fecundity, with almost no offspring production. Together, these findings suggest that climate change may exacerbate the impact of environmental pollution, and that interactive effects of chronic exposure to multiple stressors should be considered to predict how populations will be affected by ongoing global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Philippe
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Eli S J Thoré
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Verbesselt
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92 box 1 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Arnout F Grégoir
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Brendonck
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Tom Pinceel
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; PMC Coasts Rivers and Cities, Witteveen + Bos, Posthoflei 5, B-2600 Berchem, Belgium
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Marchand A, Ménard J, Brochu P, Haddad S. Impact of heat on biological concentrations of toluene and acetone resulting from exposure by inhalation: A pilot study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:103737. [PMID: 34481063 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climatic conditions raise new concerns about the potential impact of heat on the absorption and kinetics of certain chemicals. The impact of 3 temperatures (21, 25 and 30 °C WBGT) on the toxicokinetics of toluene and acetone was therefore evaluated in five human subjects during controlled exposures in an inhalation chamber. Biological samples were collected and analyzed by GC-MS/MS. Increases between 4 and 85 % were observed for solvents concentrations in blood (30 vs 21 °C) while decreases in urine samples for acetone and o-cresol were measured at the end of the exposure period (4 h). Mean blood concentrations at 4 h are well correlated with temperature. Results suggest an increased absorption and/or a decreased elimination of volatile chemicals in the presence of heat. Higher increases of blood chemical concentrations were observed in heavier individuals. Further studies should include physiologically based toxicokinetic models to help in better understanding the mechanisms involved and their respective contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Marchand
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Parc Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H3N 1X9, Canada; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, ESPUM, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jessie Ménard
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Parc Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H3N 1X9, Canada; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, ESPUM, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pierre Brochu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, ESPUM, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sami Haddad
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Parc Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H3N 1X9, Canada; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, ESPUM, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Brochu P, Ménard J, Marchand A, Haddad S. Cardiopulmonary values and organ blood flows before and during heat stress: data in nine subjects at rest in the upright position. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:1148-1158. [PMID: 34062083 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physiological changes associated with thermoregulation can influence the kinetics of chemicals in the human body, such as alveolar ventilation (VA) and redistribution of blood flow to organs. In this study, the influence of heat stress on various physiological parameters was evaluated in nine male volunteers during sessions of exposure to wet blub globe temperatures (WBGT) of 21, 25 and 30°C for four hours. Skin and core temperatures and more than twenty cardiopulmonary parameters were measured. Liver, kidneys, brain, skin and muscles blood flows were also determined based on published measurements. Results show that most subjects (8 out of 9) have been affected by the inhalation of hot and dry air at the WBGT of 30°C. High respiratory rates, superficial tidal volumes and low VA values were notably observed. The skin blood flow has increased by 2.16-fold, whereas the renal blood flow and liver blood flow have decreased by about by 11 and 18% respectively. A complete set of key cardiopulmonary parameters in healthy male adults before and during heat stress was generated for use in PBPK modeling. A toxicokinetic studies are ongoing to evaluate the impact of heat stress on the absorption, biotransformation and excretion rates of volatile xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Brochu
- Université de Montréal, 5622, Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;
| | - Jessie Ménard
- Université de Montréal, 5622, Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), Montréal, Quebec, Canada;
| | - Axelle Marchand
- Université de Montréal, 5622, Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), Montréal, Quebec, Canada;
| | - Sami Haddad
- Université de Montréal, 5622, Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), Montréal, Quebec, Canada;
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Muñiz-González AB, Martínez-Guitarte JL. Combined effects of benzophenone-3 and temperature on gene expression and enzymatic activity in the aquatic larvae Chironomus riparius. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134292. [PMID: 31514035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and pollution are two of the main environmental problems living organisms currently face. Temperature can modify a toxicant's effects and the organism's response to it. Global warming is expected to increase the temperature of freshwater ecosystems. In this work, we analyzed the effect of a mild temperature increase on the acute response of the aquatic larvae Chironomus riparius to the ultraviolet filter benzophenone-3 (BP3). This substance is commonly used in sunscreens and other commercial products and can reach the environment in different ways. We exposed larvae to BP3 at 18.5 or 23 °C for 8 or 24 h and analyzed the acute response at the molecular level. By quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), we studied altered messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of genes related to the endocrine system (EcR, InR and Met), detoxification mechanisms (Cyp4d2, Cyp6b7, GST d6, GST o1 and MRP-1) and stress response (Hsp22, Hsp27, Hsp70, HYOU and Gp93). Moreover, enzyme activity was evaluated, with a focus on glutathione-S-transferase (GST), phenoloxidase (PO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Results showed that temperature affected the acute response of this organism by modifying the expression of EcR, Cyp6b7, GST d6, GST o1, MRP-1, Hsp22, Hsp27 and Hsp70 genes. These results suggest that even mild temperature change can affect the response of this organism to BP3 influencing short-term progress of the population. Although longer exposures are required to determine the ability of C. riparius to manage the pollutants in this novel environmental conditions, in order to know the possible mechanisms of detoxification or adaptation that may develop. This research represents a first step in the analysis of multi-stress response in this animal, and opens new possibilities in the toxicity evaluation of this organism in line with the real scenario that organisms face today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Belén Muñiz-González
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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A Proposed Currency System for Academic Peer Review Payments Using the BlockChain Technology. PUBLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/publications5030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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