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Hoshika Y, Agathokleous E, Moura BB, Paoletti E. Ozone risk assessment with free-air controlled exposure (FACE) experiments: A critical revisit. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119215. [PMID: 38782333 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Since risk assessments of tropospheric ozone (O3) are crucial for agricultural and forestry sectors, there is a growing body for realistic assessments by a stomatal flux-based approach in Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) facilities. Ozone risks are normally described as relative risks (RRs), which are calculated by assuming the biomass or yield at zero O3 dose as "reference". However, the estimation of the reference biomass or yield is challenging due to a lack of O3-clean-air treatment at the FACEs and the extrapolation without data in a low O3 range increases the bias for estimating the reference values. Here, we reviewed a current methodology for the risk assessment at FACEs and presented a simple and effective way ("modified Paoletti's approach") of defining RRs just using biomass or yield data with a range of expected impacts under the FACE conditions hypothesizing three possible scenarios based on prediction limits using 95% credible intervals (CI) (1. Best fit using the intercept as reference, 2. Optimistic scenario using a lower CI and 3. Worst scenario using an upper CI). As a result, O3-sensitive species show a relatively narrow effect range (optimistic vs. worst scenario) whereas a wide range of response may be possibly taken in resistant species. Showing a possible effect range allows for a comprehensive understanding of the potential risks and its uncertainties related to a species sensitivity to O3. As a supporting approach, we also recommend to use scientifically relevant tools (i.e., ethylenediurea treatments; mechanistic plant models) for strengthening the obtained results for the RRs against O3. Interestingly, the moderately sensitive or resistant species showed non-linear rather than linear dose-response relationships, suggesting a need for the flexible functional form for the risk assessment to properly describe the complex plant response such as hormesis, which depends on their plasticity to O3 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Ningliu Rd. 219, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210044, China
| | - Barbara Baesso Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
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Gomarasca S, Stefani F, Fasola E, La Porta CA, Bocchi S. Regional evaluation of glyphosate pollution in the minor irrigation network. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141679. [PMID: 38527632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Due to its low cost, its ease of use and to the "mild action" declared for long time by the Control and Approval Agencies towards it, the herbicide Glyphosate, is one of the currently best-selling and most-used agricultural products worldwide. In this work, we evaluated the presence and spread of Glyphosate in the Po River Basin (Northern Italy), one of the regions with the most intensified agriculture in Europe and where, by now for decades, a strong and general loss of aquatic biodiversity is observed. In order to carry out a more precise study of the real presence of this herbicide in the waters, samples were collected from the minor water network for two consecutive years, starting in 2022, at an interval time coinciding with those of the spring and summer crop treatments. In contrast to the sampling strategies generally adopted by Environmental Protection Agencies, a more focused sampling strategy was adopted to highlight the possible high concentrations in minor watercourses in direct contact with cultivated fields. Finally, we investigated the possible consequences that the higher amounts of Glyphosate found in our monitoring activities can have on stress reactions in plant (Groenlandia densa) and animal (Daphnia magna) In all the monitoring campaigns we detected exceeding European Environmental Quality Standard - EQS limits (0.1 μg/L) values. Furthermore, in some intensively agricultural areas, concentrations reached hundreds of μg/L, with the highest peaks during spring. In G. densa and D. magna, the exposition to increasing doses of herbicide showed a clear response linked to metabolic stress. Overall, our results highlight how, after several decades of its use, the Glyphosate use efficiency is still too low, leading to economic losses for the farm and to strong impacts on ecosystem health. Current EU policy indications call for an agroecological approach necessary to find alternatives to chemical weed control, which farms can develop in different contexts in order to achieve the sustainability goals set by the Farm to Fork strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gomarasca
- Dep. of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Stefani
- Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Fasola
- Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Caterina Am La Porta
- Dep. of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Stefano Bocchi
- Dep. of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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Cesco VJS, Krenchinski FH, Rodrigues DM, Alcántara-de la Cruz R, Duke SO, Velini ED, Carbonari CA. Glyphosate hormesis effects on the vegetative and reproductive development of glyphosate-susceptible and -resistant Conyza sumatrensis biotypes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123504. [PMID: 38325509 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Low glyphosate doses that produce hormesis may alter the susceptibility to herbicides of weeds or enhance their propagation and dispersal. The objective of this work was to evaluate the hormetic effects of glyphosate on the vegetative, phenological and reproductive development in resistant (R) and susceptible (S) Conyza sumatrensis biotypes. The glyphosate resistance level of biotype R was 11.2-fold compared to the S biotype. Glyphosate doses <11.25 g ae ha-1 induced temporary and permanent hormetic effects for the number of leaves, plant height and dry mass accumulation up to 28 d after application in both R and S biotypes. The S biotype required 15-19% fewer thermal units at 1.4 and 2.8 g ae ha-1 glyphosate than untreated plants to reach the bolting stage. Also, this biotype had less thermal units associated with the appearance (1225 vs 1408 units) and opening (1520 vs 1765 units) of the first capitulum than the R biotype. In addition, glyphosate affected reproductive traits of both biotypes compared to their controls, increasing the number of capitulum's and seeds per plant up to 37 and 41% (at 2.8 and 0.7 g ae h-1, respectively) in the S biotype, and by 48 and 114% (both at 5.6 g ae ha-1) in the R biotype. Depending on environmental parameters, glyphosate may or may not cause hormetic effects on the vegetative and phenological development of C. sumatrenis biotypes; however, this herbicide increases the speed and fecundity of reproduction, regardless of the glyphosate susceptibility level, which can alter the population dynamics and glyphosate susceptibility of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor José Salomão Cesco
- Center for Advanced Research in Weed Science, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, 18610-034, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Fábio Henrique Krenchinski
- Center for Advanced Research in Weed Science, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, 18610-034, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Danilo Morilha Rodrigues
- Center for Advanced Research in Weed Science, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, 18610-034, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz
- Center for Advanced Research in Weed Science, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, 18610-034, Botucatu, Brazil.
| | - Stephen O Duke
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Edivaldo D Velini
- Center for Advanced Research in Weed Science, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, 18610-034, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Caio A Carbonari
- Center for Advanced Research in Weed Science, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, 18610-034, Botucatu, Brazil
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Boisseaux P, Rauert C, Dewapriya P, Delignette-Muller ML, Barrett R, Durndell L, Pohl F, Thompson R, Thomas KV, Galloway T. Deep dive into the chronic toxicity of tyre particle mixtures and their leachates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133580. [PMID: 38295724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Particles from the tread of vehicle tyres are a global pollutant, which are emitted into the environment at an approximate rate of 1.4 kg.year-1 for an average passenger-car. In this study, popular tyre brands were used to generate a tyre tread microparticle mixture. The chronic toxicity of both particles and chemical leachates were compared on a planktonic test species (Daphnia magna). Over 21 days of exposure, pristine tyre tread microparticles were more toxic (LC50 60 mg.L-1) than chemical lechates alone (LC50 542 mg.L-1). Microparticles and leachates showed distinct effects on reproduction and morphological development at environmentally relevant concentrations, with dose-dependent uptake of particles visible in the digestive tract. Chemical characterization of leachates revealed a metal predominance of zinc, titanium, and strontium. Of the numerous organic chemicals present, at least 54 were shared across all 5 tyre brands, with many classified to be very toxic. Our results provide a critically needed information on the toxicity of tyre tread particles and the associated chemicals that leach from them to inform future mitigation measures. We conclude that tyre particles are hazardous pollutants of particular concern that are close to or possibly above chronic environmental safety limits in some locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Boisseaux
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD Exeter, UK.
| | - Cassandra Rauert
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Pradeep Dewapriya
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Marie-Laure Delignette-Muller
- Université de Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Robyn Barrett
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Lee Durndell
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Florian Pohl
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Richard Thompson
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Tamara Galloway
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD Exeter, UK
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Kholssi R, Úbeda-Manzanaro M, Blasco J, Moreno-Garrido I. Evaluation of short-term copper toxicity in a co-culture of Synechococcus sp., Chaetoceros gracilis and Pleurochrisys cf. roscoffensis exposed to changes in temperature and salinity levels. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141282. [PMID: 38307328 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Metals such as copper (Cu) enter marine environments from natural and anthropogenic sources, causing changes in the biodiversity of marine microalgae and cyanobacteria. Cu plays a dual role as either a micronutrient or toxicant depending on the environmental concentration. Many studies have summarized the potential of Cu to become more toxic to microalgae under environmental stress (for instance climate change). Most of the data available on Cu toxicity concerning microalgae and cyanobacteria have been produced using single-species laboratory tests, and there is still a significant gap in the information concerning the behavior of a group of algae exposed to environmental stressors. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of Cu at two concentrations (C1 = 2 μg L-1 and C2 = 5 μg L-1) in multispecies bioassays using three phytoplankton species (one cyanobacteria, Synechococcus sp., and two microalgae, Chaetoceros gracilis and Pleurochrisys cf. roscoffensis). Combinations of two temperatures (20 and 23 °C) and two salinities (33 and 36 PSU), were applied in a 96 h study using flow cytometry analysis (FCM). Algal growth and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) were monitored by FCM. The results indicated that Synechococcus sp. was more sensitive than C. gracilis and P. roscoffensis to Cu stress at a temperature 23 °C and salinity of 36 PSU under both concentrations of Cu. Chlorophyll a fluorescence showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in Synechococcus sp. under 5 μg L-1 of Cu in the combined treatment of 20 °C and 33 PSU; however, there was a significant increase in P. roscoffensis in all combinations at C2 = 5 μg L-1 compared to the control with no Cu, indicating a potential hormetic response to Cu for P. roscoffensis. ROS levels were triggered in a combination of 23 °C and 33 PSU and 5 μg L-1 of Cu, which was higher than all the other combinations studied. Our study resulted in data concerning the potential impacts caused by possible future climate change scenarios in aquatic habitats chronically exposed to metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa Kholssi
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Composting Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - María Úbeda-Manzanaro
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Julián Blasco
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Garrido
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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6
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Feng P, Cui H, Wang C, Li X, Duan W. Oxidative stress responses in two marine diatoms during sulfamethoxazole exposure and the toxicological evaluation using the IBR v2 index. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109788. [PMID: 37951287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is widely present in water systems, and its stable properties and poor biodegradability can result in high residues of SMX in the water environment. This, in turn, can have detrimental effects on the entire aquatic habitat and human life and health. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of SMX on the growth, photosynthetic pigment content, and oxidative stress of two marine microalgae species: Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. SMX demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on microalgae proliferation, with 96-h median effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.93 mg/L and 4.65 mg/L for S. costatum and P. tricornutum, respectively. At low concentrations, SMX significantly increased the production of Chl a in both microalgae species. However, in the higher concentration SMX treatment group, Chl a content in P. tricornutum experienced a significant decrease, whereas Chl c showed no sensitivity to SMX. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), along with the glutathione (GSH) content, exhibited a significant increasing trend in response to higher SMX concentrations. However, these changes effectively inhibited the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In the treatment group with the highest SMX concentration, MDA content in both microalgae species was significantly higher compared to the control group. The Integrated Biomarker Response Version 2 (IBRv2) index showed a significant positive correlation with SMX concentration, suggesting its potential for assessing the ecotoxicological effects of lower SMX concentrations on marine microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Feng
- Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Hongwu Cui
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Weiyan Duan
- Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, PR China.
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7
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Gordillo L, Quiroga L, Ray M, Sanabria E. Changes in thermal sensitivity of Rhinella arenarum tadpoles (Anura: Bufonidae) exposed to sublethal concentrations of different pesticide fractions (Lorsban® 75WG). J Therm Biol 2024; 120:103816. [PMID: 38428105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The intensive use of agrochemicals and the rapid increase of global temperatures have modified the thermal conditions of aquatic environments, thus increasing amphibians' vulnerability to global warming and positioning them at great risk. Commercial formulations of chlorpyrifos (COM) are the pesticides most widely used in agricultural activities, with a high toxic potential on amphibians. However, little is known about the separate effects of the active ingredient (CPF) and adjuvants (AD). We studied the thermal sensitivity at different concentrations and pesticide fractions in Rhinella arenarum tadpoles, on thermal tolerance limits (CTmax = Critical thermal maximum and CTmin = Critical thermal minimum), swimming speed (Ss), Optimum temperature (Top), and Thermal breadth 50 (B50). Our results demonstrate that the pesticide active ingredient, the adjuvants, and the commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos differentially impair the thermal sensitivity of R. arenarum tadpoles. The pesticide fractions affected the heat and the cold tolerance (CTmax and CTmin), depending on the concentrations they were exposed to. The locomotor performance (Ss, Top, and B50) of tadpoles also varied among fractions, treatments, and environmental temperatures. In the context of climate change, the outcomes presented are particularly relevant, as mean temperatures are increasing at unprecedented rates, which suggests that tadpoles inhabiting warming and polluted ponds are currently experiencing deleterious conditions. Considering that larval stages of amphibians are the most susceptible to changing environmental conditions and the alarming predictions about environmental temperatures in the future, it is likely that the synergism between high temperatures and pesticide exposure raise the threat of population deletions in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Gordillo
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Filosofía Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Av. Ignacio de la Roza 230 (Oeste), (5400), San Juan, Argentina; CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.
| | - Lorena Quiroga
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Filosofía Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Av. Ignacio de la Roza 230 (Oeste), (5400), San Juan, Argentina; CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.
| | - Maribel Ray
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Filosofía Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Av. Ignacio de la Roza 230 (Oeste), (5400), San Juan, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo Sanabria
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Filosofía Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Av. Ignacio de la Roza 230 (Oeste), (5400), San Juan, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Padre Jorge Contreras 1300. (M5502JMA), Mendoza, Argentina; CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.
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Agathokleous E, Calabrese EJ, Barceló D. Environmental hormesis: New developments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167450. [PMID: 37806016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Sebastiano M, Jouanneau W, Blévin P, Angelier F, Parenteau C, Pallud M, Ribout C, Gernigon J, Lemesle JC, Robin F, Pardon P, Budzinski H, Labadie P, Chastel O. Physiological effects of PFAS exposure in seabird chicks: A multi-species study of thyroid hormone triiodothyronine, body condition and telomere length in South Western France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165920. [PMID: 37527721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure leads to the disruption of thyroid hormones including thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), and may affect telomeres, repetitive nucleotide sequences which protect chromosome ends. Many seabird species are long-lived top predators thus exhibit high contaminant levels, and PFAS-disrupting effects on their physiology have been documented especially in relation to the endocrine system in adults. On the contrary, studies on the developmental period (i.e., chicks), during which exposure to environmental contaminants may have a greater impact on physiological traits, remain scarce to this date. We carried out a multi-species study with the aim to assess whether and to which extent chicks of four gull species (herring gull, great and lesser black-backed gull, yellow-legged gull) in South Western France are contaminated by PFAS, and to bring further evidence about their potential physiological consequences. Linear PFOS showed concentrations of concern as it was generally >10 times higher than the other PFAS, and exceeded a threshold toxicity level (calculated from previous studies in birds) in almost all sampled chicks. Nonetheless, in herring gull male chicks, total T3 levels were significantly and negatively associated with perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoDA) and positively associated with perfluorotetradecanoate (PFTeDA) in female chicks. Total T3 levels were also positively associated with PFDoDA in great black backed gull male chicks and with perfluorotridecanoate (PFTrDA) in lesser black backed gull chicks. In lesser and great black-backed gulls, both females and males showed significant negative associations between several PFAS and their body condition, and a positive association between telomere length and L-PFOS in the yellow-legged gull was also found. These results corroborate previous findings and need to be further explored as they suggest that PFAS may interfere with the physiological status of chicks during the developmental period, potentially inducing long-lasting consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sebastiano
- Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP32, 7 rue Cuvier, Paris, France; Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France.
| | - W Jouanneau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - P Blévin
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France; Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - F Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - C Parenteau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - M Pallud
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - C Ribout
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - J Gernigon
- Réserve Naturelle de Lilleau des Niges, 17880, France
| | - J C Lemesle
- Réserve Naturelle de Lilleau des Niges, 17880, France
| | - F Robin
- Réserve Naturelle de Lilleau des Niges, 17880, France; Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux (LPO), 17300 Rochefort, France
| | - P Pardon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - H Budzinski
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - P Labadie
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - O Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
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10
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Agathokleous E, Blande JD, Masui N, Calabrese EJ, Zhang J, Sicard P, Guedes RNC, Benelli G. Sublethal chemical stimulation of arthropod parasitoids and parasites of agricultural and environmental importance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116876. [PMID: 37573021 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have reported stimulation of various organisms in the presence of environmental contaminants. This has created a need to critically evaluate sublethal stimulation and hormetic responses of arthropod parasitoids and parasites following exposure to pesticides and other contaminants. Examining this phenomenon with a focus on arthropods of agricultural and environmental importance serves as the framework for this literature review. This review shows that several pesticides, with diverse chemical structures and different modes of action, applied individually or in combination at sublethal doses, commonly stimulate an array of arthropod parasitoids and parasites. Exposure at sublethal doses can enhance responses related to physiology (e.g., respiration, total lipid content, and total protein content), behavior (e.g., locomotor activity, antennal drumming frequency, host location, and parasitization), and fitness (longevity, growth, fecundity, population net and gross reproduction). Concordantly, the parasitic potential (e.g., infestation efficacy, parasitization rate, and parasitoid/parasite emergence) can be increased, and as a result host activities inhibited. There is some evidence illustrating hormetic dose-responses, but the relevant literature commonly included a limited number and range of doses, precluding a robust differentiation between sub- and superNOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect level) stimulation. These results reveal a potentially significant threat to ecological health, through stimulation of harmful parasitic organisms by environmental contaminants, and highlight the need to include sublethal stimulation and hormetic responses in relevant ecological pesticide risk assessments. Curiously, considering a more utilitarian view, hormesis may also assist in optimizing mass rearing of biological control agents for field use, a possibility that also remains neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China; Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - James D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P. O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noboru Masui
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 4228526, Japan
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | | | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Grunst ML, Grunst AS, Grémillet D, Fort J. Combined threats of climate change and contaminant exposure through the lens of bioenergetics. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5139-5168. [PMID: 37381110 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Organisms face energetic challenges of climate change in combination with suites of natural and anthropogenic stressors. In particular, chemical contaminant exposure has neurotoxic, endocrine-disrupting, and behavioral effects which may additively or interactively combine with challenges associated with climate change. We used a literature review across animal taxa and contaminant classes, but focused on Arctic endotherms and contaminants important in Arctic ecosystems, to demonstrate potential for interactive effects across five bioenergetic domains: (1) energy supply, (2) energy demand, (3) energy storage, (4) energy allocation tradeoffs, and (5) energy management strategies; and involving four climate change-sensitive environmental stressors: changes in resource availability, temperature, predation risk, and parasitism. Identified examples included relatively equal numbers of synergistic and antagonistic interactions. Synergies are often suggested to be particularly problematic, since they magnify biological effects. However, we emphasize that antagonistic effects on bioenergetic traits can be equally problematic, since they can reflect dampening of beneficial responses and result in negative synergistic effects on fitness. Our review also highlights that empirical demonstrations remain limited, especially in endotherms. Elucidating the nature of climate change-by-contaminant interactive effects on bioenergetic traits will build toward determining overall outcomes for energy balance and fitness. Progressing to determine critical species, life stages, and target areas in which transformative effects arise will aid in forecasting broad-scale bioenergetic outcomes under global change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Grunst
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Andrea S Grunst
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - David Grémillet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
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Zhong S, Xu Z, Li Y, Li C, Yu Y, Wang C, Du D. What modulates the impacts of acid rain on the allelopathy of the two Asteraceae invasives? ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:114-126. [PMID: 36652123 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Most of the allelopathic studies have focused on the independent allelopathy of one invasive plant, but have ignored the co-allelopathy of the two invasives. The variations in the type of acid rain can modulate the invasiveness of invasives via the changes in the allelopathy. Thus, it is vital to elucidate the allelopathy of invasives, particularly the co-allelopathy of the two invasives, under acid rain with different types, to illuminate the mechanisms driving the co-invasion of two invasives under diversified acid rain. However, little progress has been finished in this aspect presently. This study aimed to evaluate the co-allelopathy of two Asteraceae invasives Solidago canadensis L. and Erigeron annuus L. treated with acid rain with different nitrogen-to-sulfur ratios on seed germination and seedling growth of the horticultural Asteraceae species Lactuca sativa L. via a hydroponic experiment. Aqueous extracts of the two Asteraceae invasives generated obvious allelopathy on L. sativa. S. canadensis aqueous extracts caused stronger allelopathy. There may be an antagonistic effect for the co-allelopathy of the two Asteraceae invasives. Nitric acid at pH 5.6 weakened the allelopathy of the two Asteraceae invasives, but the other types of acid rain strengthened the allelopathy of the two Asteraceae invasives. The allelopathy of the two Asteraceae invasives increases with the increasing acidity of acid rain, but the allelopathy of the two Asteraceae invasives decreases with the increasing nitrogen-to-sulfur ratio of acid rain. Accordingly, the species number of invasives, and the acidity and type of acid rain modulated the impacts of acid rain on the allelopathy of the two Asteraceae invasives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhong
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhelun Xu
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Chuang Li
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Youli Yu
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Congyan Wang
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Daolin Du
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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Agathokleous E. Environmental pollution impacts: Are p values over-valued? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157807. [PMID: 35934042 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An examination revealed the dominance of the published literature of environmental science by p values. Meanwhile, the use of effect size has been neglected in publications reporting primary data, yet the size of effect is often more informative than p values inference in assessing the effects of pollution on living organisms, comparing susceptibility/resistance among organisms, and ranking pollutants according to their potency, among others. Statistical significance does not necessarily mean biological, practical, or scientific significance, and its use based on (often misinterpreted) p values reflects the average response or effect at average conditions based on an assumed linear model fit to the entire sample. However, pollution impacts and organismal responses are rarely characterized by linear and symmetric features, and dichotomous 'statistical significance' based on p values is inadequate to fully describe data and findings. Considering 'the fallacy of the average', variance, and differential response of different population percentiles in new studies would provide otherwise wasted biologically, practically, or scientifically significant information. Since p values often inform as to whether some findings warrant further examination, journals should consider mandating the reporting of effect sizes and confidence intervals, together with p values (should they be used), to provide more integrated information regarding pollution impacts. Moreover, replacing 'statistical significance' with language of evidence, especially in key components of publications, such as abstracts and conclusions, could help preventing potential misleading of the public and decision and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Ningliu Rd. 219, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China.
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Sebastiano M, Eens M, Bustamante P, Chastel O, Costantini D. Seabirds under environmental pressures: Food supplementation has a larger impact than selenium on chicks exposed to mercury and a viral disease. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.963512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although infectious disease outbreaks represent a serious threat for wildlife population viability, the environmental factors that underlie such outbreaks are poorly investigated. The French Guiana breeding population of Magnificent frigatebird Fregata magnificens is subjected to recurrent episodes of chicks’ mortality likely caused by a viral disease. We hypothesized that high mercury (Hg) concentrations may be responsible for the emergence of clinical signs. We therefore investigated whether healthy and sick chicks show different Hg concentrations in blood. Because the essential element selenium (Se) may be highly depleted during Hg poisoning, we further experimentally tested whether an increased intake of dietary Se has an effect on blood levels of Hg, increases circulating Se, and improves the oxidative status of chicks. Finally, we compared the results of this experiment with a previous food supplementation experiment. Our results show similar Hg concentrations between healthy and sick chicks with visible clinical signs of the disease. Se concentrations were significantly depleted in sick chicks. Se concentrations increased while Hg concentrations simultaneously decreased in chicks that naturally recovered from the disease. Both the Se and fish supplementation experiments significantly increased Se concentrations in blood, while Hg levels were only modestly affected. Providing food to chicks appeared to have greater benefits than only supplementing chicks with Se pills as, although food supplementation had an impact on blood Se similar to that of supplementation with Se pills, it also reduced the vulnerability of chicks to the viral disease, possibly by reducing nutritional stress and providing essential nutrients.
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Du S, Meng F, Duan W, Liu Q, Li H, Peng X. Oxidative stress responses in two marine diatoms during acute n-butyl acrylate exposure and the toxicological evaluation with the IBR v2 index. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 240:113686. [PMID: 35636239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
n-Butyl acrylate (nBA), a typical hazardous and noxious substance (HNS), is the largest-volume acrylate ester used to produce various types of polymers. With the increasing volume of nBA subject to maritime transportation, its accidental leakage poses a great risk to the marine organisms. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the ecological risk of nBA in marine environments. In this study, two species of marine microalgae, Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, were used to explore the toxic effects of nBA based on their growth, pigment content, and oxidative stress. The growth of each species was significantly inhibited by nBA, showing a 96 h-EC50 value of 2.23 mg/L for P. tricornutum and 8.19 mg/L for S. costatum, respectively. Although chlorophylls a and c exerted a hormesis effect in P. tricornutum, contents of pigments generally decreased at high concentrations. In P. tricornutum, all detected antioxidants (reduced glutathione, GSH; superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; and glutathione peroxidase, GPx) were stimulated at concentrations ranging from 1.50 to 3.82 mg/L. However, these elevations were not enough to reduce the oxidative damage caused by nBA, because the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased continuously during 96-h exposure. For S. costatum, the activities of only two antioxidants (GSH and CAT) were enhanced, which is enough to prevent the MDA content from rising, even at higher concentrations of nBA (5-10 mg/L). The Integrated Biomarker Response Version 2 (IBRv2) index that combines responses of the above five oxidative stress biomarkers, was not only correlated positively with nBA concentration but could also indicate the occurrence of oxidative stress caused by acute concentration of nBA. These findings showed that P. tricornutum was sensitive to nBA compared to S. costatum, and the IBRv2 index was an effective tool for evaluating ecotoxicological effects on marine microalgae due to nBA spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Weiyan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qunqun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
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Agathokleous E, Calabrese EJ. Editorial Overview: Hormesis and Dose-Response. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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