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Fong CHY, Lu L, Chen LL, Yeung ML, Zhang AJ, Zhao H, Yuen KY, To KKW. Interferon-gamma inhibits influenza A virus cellular attachment by reducing sialic acid cluster size. iScience 2022; 25:104037. [PMID: 35330686 PMCID: PMC8938289 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal antiviral role of type I and III interferon in influenza virus infection is well established. However, much less is known about the antiviral mechanism of type II interferon (interferon-gamma). Here, we revealed an antiviral mechanism of interferon-gamma by inhibiting influenza A virus (IAV) attachment. By direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry, we have shown that interferon-gamma reduced the size of α-2,3 and α-2,6-linked sialic acid clusters, without changing the sialic acid or epidermal growth factor receptor expression levels, or the sialic acid density within cluster on the cell surface of A549 cells. Reversing the effect of interferon-gamma on sialic acid clustering by jasplakinolide reverted the cluster size, improved IAV attachment and replication. Our findings showed the importance of sialic acid clustering in IAV attachment and infection. We also demonstrated the interference of sialic acid clustering as an anti-IAV mechanism of IFN-gamma for IAV infection. IFN-γ inhibits IAV replication IFN-γ reduces IAV attachment and infection by reducing sialic acid cluster size Reduction of sialic acid cluster size partially depends on F-actin depolymerization Higher sialic acid expression level does not correlate with increase IAV attachment
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ho-Yan Fong
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man-Lung Yeung
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anna Jinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Island, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Island, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author
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2
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Yin L, Liu S, Shi H, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Wu D, Song Z, Zhang L. Subcellular Proteomic Analysis Reveals Dysregulation in Organization of Human A549 Cells Infected with Influenza Virus H7N9. CURR PROTEOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164619666211222145450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
H7N9 influenza virus poses a high risk to human beings and proteomic evaluations of these infections may help to better understand its pathogenic mechanisms in human systems. Objective: To find membrane proteins related to H7N9 infection.
Methods:
Here, we infected primary human alveolar adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549) cells with H7N9 (including wild and mutant strains) and then produced enriched cellular membrane isolations which were evaluated by western blot. The proteins in these cell membrane fractions were analyzed using the isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) proteome technologies.
Results:
Differentially expressed proteins (n = 32) were identified following liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, including 20 down-regulated proteins such as CD44 antigen, and CD151 antigen, and 12 up-regulated proteins such as tight junction protein ZO-1, and prostaglandin reductase 1. Gene Ontology database searching revealed that 20 out of the 32 differentially expressed proteins were localized to the plasma membrane. These proteins were primarily associated with cellular component organization (n = 20), and enriched in the Reactome pathway of extracellular matrix organization (n = 4).
Conclusion:
These findings indicate that H7N9 may dysregulate cellular organization via specific alterations to the protein profile of the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- The College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Huichun Shi
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Dage Wu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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3
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Van Goethem N, Danwang C, Bossuyt N, Van Oyen H, Roosens NHC, Robert A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of host genetic factors associated with influenza severity. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:912. [PMID: 34930124 PMCID: PMC8686082 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severity of influenza disease can range from mild symptoms to severe respiratory failure and can partly be explained by host genetic factors that predisposes the host to severe influenza. Here, we aimed to summarize the current state of evidence that host genetic variants play a role in the susceptibility to severe influenza infection by conducting a systematic review and performing a meta-analysis for all markers with at least three or more data entries. RESULTS A total of 34 primary human genetic association studies were identified that investigated a total of 20 different genes. The only significant pooled ORs were retrieved for the rs12252 polymorphism: an overall OR of 1.52 (95% CI [1.06-2.17]) for the rs12252-C allele compared to the rs12252-T allele. A stratified analysis by ethnicity revealed opposite effects in different populations. CONCLUSION With exception for the rs12252 polymorphism, we could not identify specific genetic polymorphisms to be associated with severe influenza infection in a pooled meta-analysis. This advocates for the use of large, hypothesis-free, genome-wide association studies that account for the polygenic nature and the interactions with other host, pathogen and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Van Goethem
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculty of Public Health, Université Catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Célestin Danwang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculty of Public Health, Université Catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Bossuyt
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Herman Van Oyen
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nancy H. C. Roosens
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annie Robert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculty of Public Health, Université Catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Sala V, Della Sala A, Ghigo A, Hirsch E. Roles of phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) in respiratory diseases. Cell Stress 2021; 5:40-51. [PMID: 33821232 PMCID: PMC8012884 DOI: 10.15698/cst2021.04.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) is expressed in all the cell types that are involved in airway inflammation and disease, including not only leukocytes, but also structural cells, where it is expressed at very low levels under physiological conditions, while is significantly upregulated after stress. In the airways, PI3Kγ behaves as a trigger or a controller, depending on the pathological context. In this review, the contribution of PI3Kγ in a plethora of respiratory diseases, spanning from acute lung injury, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, cystic fibrosis and response to both bacterial and viral pathogens, will be commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Angela Della Sala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.,Kither Biotech S.r.l. Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.,Equal contribution to senior authorship
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.,Kither Biotech S.r.l. Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.,Equal contribution to senior authorship
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5
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Li M, Chen Y, Chen T, Hu S, Chen L, Shen L, Li F, Yang J, Sun Y, Wang D, He L, Qin S, Shu Y. A host-based whole genome sequencing study reveals novel risk loci associated with severity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:123-131. [PMID: 33393450 PMCID: PMC7832503 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1870412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus has remained in a seasonal circulation since being recognized in 2009. Although it followed a mild course in most patients, in others it caused a series of severe clinical illnesses. Epidemiologic studies have implicated that host factors have a major influence on the disease severity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. However, an understanding of relevant genetic variations and the underlying mechanisms is still limited. In this present study, we used a host-based whole genome sequencing (WGS) method to comprehensively explore the genetic risk loci associated with severity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. From the common single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) analysis, we identified the abnormal nominally significant (P < 1 × 10−4) common SNVs enriched in PTBP3 gene. The results of rare functional SNVs analysis supported that there were several novel candidate genes might confer risk of severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 diseases, such as FTSJ3, CPVL, BST2, NOD2 and MAVS. Moreover, our results of gene set based analysis indicated that the HIF-1 transcription factor and IFN-γ pathway might play an important role in the underlying mechanism of severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. These findings will increase our knowledge about biological mechanism underlying the severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and facilitate to design novel personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixiong Hu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Luan Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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6
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Abstract
Pneumonia is a highly prevalent disease with considerable morbidity and mortality. However, diagnosis and therapy still rely on antiquated methods, leading to the vast overuse of antimicrobials, which carries risks for both society and the individual. Furthermore, outcomes in severe pneumonia remain poor. Genomic techniques have the potential to transform the management of pneumonia through deep characterization of pathogens as well as the host response to infection. This characterization will enable the delivery of selective antimicrobials and immunomodulatory therapy that will help to offset the disorder associated with overexuberant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Gautam
- Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Infection Research and Treatment, Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, TACS441, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Infection Research and Treatment, Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, TACS441, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Infection Research and Treatment, Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, TACS441, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.
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7
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García-Serradilla M, Risco C, Pacheco B. Drug repurposing for new, efficient, broad spectrum antivirals. Virus Res 2019; 264:22-31. [PMID: 30794895 PMCID: PMC7114681 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Emerging viruses are a major threat to human health. Recent outbreaks have emphasized the urgent need for new antiviral treatments. For several pathogenic viruses, considerable efforts have focused on vaccine development. However, during epidemics infected individuals need to be treated urgently. High-throughput screening of clinically tested compounds provides a rapid means to identify undiscovered, antiviral functions for well-characterized therapeutics. Repurposed drugs can bypass part of the early cost and time needed for validation and authorization. In this review we describe recent efforts to find broad spectrum antivirals through drug repurposing. We have chosen several candidates and propose strategies to understand their mechanism of action and to determine how resistance to antivirals develops in infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés García-Serradilla
- Cell Structure Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, National Research Council, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, UAM, campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Risco
- Cell Structure Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, National Research Council, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, UAM, campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Pacheco
- Cell Structure Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, National Research Council, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, UAM, campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Fourati S, Talla A, Mahmoudian M, Burkhart JG, Klén R, Henao R, Yu T, Aydın Z, Yeung KY, Ahsen ME, Almugbel R, Jahandideh S, Liang X, Nordling TEM, Shiga M, Stanescu A, Vogel R, Pandey G, Chiu C, McClain MT, Woods CW, Ginsburg GS, Elo LL, Tsalik EL, Mangravite LM, Sieberts SK. A crowdsourced analysis to identify ab initio molecular signatures predictive of susceptibility to viral infection. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4418. [PMID: 30356117 PMCID: PMC6200745 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The response to respiratory viruses varies substantially between individuals, and there are currently no known molecular predictors from the early stages of infection. Here we conduct a community-based analysis to determine whether pre- or early post-exposure molecular factors could predict physiologic responses to viral exposure. Using peripheral blood gene expression profiles collected from healthy subjects prior to exposure to one of four respiratory viruses (H1N1, H3N2, Rhinovirus, and RSV), as well as up to 24 h following exposure, we find that it is possible to construct models predictive of symptomatic response using profiles even prior to viral exposure. Analysis of predictive gene features reveal little overlap among models; however, in aggregate, these genes are enriched for common pathways. Heme metabolism, the most significantly enriched pathway, is associated with a higher risk of developing symptoms following viral exposure. This study demonstrates that pre-exposure molecular predictors can be identified and improves our understanding of the mechanisms of response to respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Fourati
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Aarthi Talla
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Mehrad Mahmoudian
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Joshua G Burkhart
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Riku Klén
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ricardo Henao
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Thomas Yu
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Zafer Aydın
- Department of Computer Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, 38080, Turkey
| | - Ka Yee Yeung
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98402, USA
| | - Mehmet Eren Ahsen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Reem Almugbel
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98402, USA
| | | | - Xiao Liang
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98402, USA
| | - Torbjörn E M Nordling
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Motoki Shiga
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ana Stanescu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of West Georgia, Carrolton, GA, 30116, USA
| | - Robert Vogel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Micah T McClain
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Medical Service, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Christopher W Woods
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Medical Service, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Ginsburg
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ephraim L Tsalik
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Emergency Medicine Service, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
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9
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Identification of complement-related host genetic risk factors associated with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 outcome: challenges ahead. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 208:631-640. [PMID: 30306260 PMCID: PMC7102177 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Influenza remains an important threat for human health, despite the extensive study of influenza viruses and the production of effective vaccines. In contrast to virus genetics determinants, host genetic factors with clinical impact remained unexplored until recently. The association between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and influenza outcome in a European population was investigated in the present study. All samples were collected during the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 post-pandemic period 2010-11 and a sufficient number of severe and fatal cases was included. Host genomic DNA was isolated from pharyngeal samples of 110 patients from northern Greece with severe (n = 59) or mild (n = 51) influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 disease, at baseline, and the genotype of CD55 rs2564978, C1QBP rs3786054 and FCGR2A rs1801274 SNPs was investigated. Our findings suggest a relationship between the two complement-related SNPs, namely, the rare TT genotype of CD55 and the rare AA genotype of C1QBP with increased death risk. No significant differences were observed for FCGR2A genotypes neither with fatality nor disease severity. Additional large-scale genetic association studies are necessary for the identification of reliable host genetic risk factors associated with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 outcome. Prophylactic intervention of additional high-risk populations, according to their genetic profile, will be a key achievement for the fight against influenza viruses.
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10
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Garcia CC, Tavares LP, Dias ACF, Kehdy F, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Queiroz-Junior CM, Galvão I, Lima BH, Matos AR, Gonçalves APF, Soriani FM, Moraes MO, Marques JT, Siqueira MM, Machado AMV, Sousa LP, Russo RC, Teixeira MM. Phosphatidyl Inositol 3 Kinase-Gamma Balances Antiviral and Inflammatory Responses During Influenza A H1N1 Infection: From Murine Model to Genetic Association in Patients. Front Immunol 2018; 9:975. [PMID: 29867955 PMCID: PMC5962662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes severe pulmonary disease characterized by intense leukocyte infiltration. Phosphoinositide-3 kinases (PI3Ks) are central signaling enzymes, involved in cell growth, survival, and migration. Class IB PI3K or phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase-gamma (PI3Kγ), mainly expressed by leukocytes, is involved in cell migration during inflammation. Here, we investigated the contribution of PI3Kγ for the inflammatory and antiviral responses to IAV. PI3Kγ knockout (KO) mice were highly susceptible to lethality following infection with influenza A/WSN/33 H1N1. In the early time points of infection, infiltration of neutrophils was higher than WT mice whereas type-I and type-III IFN expression and p38 activation were reduced in PI3Kγ KO mice resulting in higher viral loads when compared with WT mice. Blockade of p38 in WT macrophages infected with IAV reduced levels of interferon-stimulated gene 15 protein to those induced in PI3Kγ KO macrophages, suggesting that p38 is downstream of antiviral responses mediated by PI3Kγ. PI3Kγ KO-derived fibroblasts or macrophages showed reduced type-I IFN transcription and altered pro-inflammatory cytokines suggesting a cell autonomous imbalance between inflammatory and antiviral responses. Seven days after IAV infection, there were reduced infiltration of natural killer cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes, increased concentration of inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar fluid, reduced numbers of resolving macrophages, and IL-10 levels in PI3Kγ KO. This imbalanced environment in PI3Kγ KO-infected mice culminated in enhanced lung neutrophil infiltration, reactive oxygen species release, and lung damage that together with the increased viral loads, contributed to higher mortality in PI3Kγ KO mice compared with WT mice. In humans, we tested the genetic association of disease severity in influenza A/H1N1pdm09-infected patients with three potentially functional PIK3CG single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs1129293, rs17847825, and rs2230460. We observed that SNPs rs17847825 and rs2230460 (A and T alleles, respectively) were significantly associated with protection from severe disease using the recessive model in patients infected with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. Altogether, our results suggest that PI3Kγ is crucial in balancing antiviral and inflammatory responses to IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana C Garcia
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Tavares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina F Dias
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Kehdy
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucia Elena Alvarado-Arnez
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Coordinación Nacional de Investigación, UNIFRANZ, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Celso M Queiroz-Junior
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Izabela Galvão
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Braulio H Lima
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório de Inflamação e Dor, Departamento de Farmacologia, Prédio Central, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Aline R Matos
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula F Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Frederico M Soriani
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Milton O Moraes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João T Marques
- Laboratório de RNA de Interferência, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marilda M Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M V Machado
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Remo C Russo
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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11
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Chan CP, Yuen CK, Cheung PHH, Fung SY, Lui PY, Chen H, Kok KH, Jin DY. Antiviral activity of double-stranded RNA-binding protein PACT against influenza A virus mediated via suppression of viral RNA polymerase. FASEB J 2018. [PMID: 29513570 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701361r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PACT is a double-stranded RNA-binding protein that has been implicated in host-influenza A virus (IAV) interaction. PACT facilitates the action of RIG-I in the activation of the type I IFN response, which is suppressed by the viral nonstructural protein NS1. PACT is also known to interact with the IAV RNA polymerase subunit PA. Exactly how PACT exerts its antiviral activity during IAV infection remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we demonstrated the interplay between PACT and IAV polymerase. Induction of IFN-β by the IAV RNP complex was most robust when both RIG-I and PACT were expressed. PACT-dependent activation of IFN-β production was suppressed by the IAV polymerase subunits, polymerase acidic protein, polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1), and PB2. PACT associated with PA, PB1, and PB2. Compromising PACT in IAV-infected A549 cells resulted in the augmentation of viral RNA (vRNA) transcription and replication and IFN-β production. Furthermore, vRNA replication was boosted by knockdown of PACT in both A549 cells and IFN-deficient Vero cells. Thus, the antiviral activity of PACT is mediated primarily via its interaction with and inhibition of IAV polymerase. Taken together, our findings reveal a new facet of the host-IAV interaction in which the interplay between PACT and IAV polymerase affects the outcome of viral infection and antiviral response.-Chan, C.-P., Yuen, C.-K., Cheung, P.-H. H., Fung, S.-Y., Lui, P.-Y., Chen, H., Kok, K.-H., Jin, D.-Y. Antiviral activity of double-stranded RNA-binding protein PACT against influenza A virus mediated via suppression of viral RNA polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ping Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Kit Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Sin-Yee Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Pak-Yin Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kin-Hang Kok
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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12
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Bayesian Diallel Analysis Reveals Mx1-Dependent and Mx1-Independent Effects on Response to Influenza A Virus in Mice. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:427-445. [PMID: 29187420 PMCID: PMC5919740 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a respiratory pathogen that causes substantial morbidity and mortality during both seasonal and pandemic outbreaks. Infection outcomes in unexposed populations are affected by host genetics, but the host genetic architecture is not well understood. Here, we obtain a broad view of how heritable factors affect a mouse model of response to IAV infection using an 8 × 8 diallel of the eight inbred founder strains of the Collaborative Cross (CC). Expanding on a prior statistical framework for modeling treatment response in diallels, we explore how a range of heritable effects modify acute host response to IAV through 4 d postinfection. Heritable effects in aggregate explained ∼57% of the variance in IAV-induced weight loss. Much of this was attributable to a pattern of additive effects that became more prominent through day 4 postinfection and was consistent with previous reports of antiinfluenza myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1) polymorphisms segregating between these strains; these additive effects largely recapitulated haplotype effects observed at the Mx1 locus in a previous study of the incipient CC, and are also replicated here in a CC recombinant intercross population. Genetic dominance of protective Mx1 haplotypes was observed to differ by subspecies of origin: relative to the domesticus null Mx1 allele, musculus acts dominantly whereas castaneus acts additively. After controlling for Mx1, heritable effects, though less distinct, accounted for ∼34% of the phenotypic variance. Implications for future mapping studies are discussed.
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13
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Graf L, Dick A, Sendker F, Barth E, Marz M, Daumke O, Kochs G. Effects of allelic variations in the human myxovirus resistance protein A on its antiviral activity. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3056-3072. [PMID: 29330299 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.812784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a minority of patients infected with seasonal influenza A viruses exhibit a severe or fatal outcome of infection, but the reasons for this inter-individual variability in influenza susceptibility are unclear. To gain further insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying this variability, we investigated naturally occurring allelic variations of the myxovirus resistance 1 (MX1) gene coding for the influenza restriction factor MxA. The interferon-induced dynamin-like GTPase consists of an N-terminal GTPase domain, a bundle signaling element, and a C-terminal stalk responsible for oligomerization and viral target recognition. We used online databases to search for variations in the MX1 gene. Deploying in vitro approaches, we found that non-synonymous variations in the GTPase domain cause the loss of antiviral and enzymatic activities. Furthermore, we showed that these amino acid substitutions disrupt the interface for GTPase domain dimerization required for the stimulation of GTP hydrolysis. Variations in the stalk were neutral or slightly enhanced or abolished MxA antiviral function. Remarkably, two other stalk variants altered MxA's antiviral specificity. Variations causing the loss of antiviral activity were found only in heterozygous carriers. Interestingly, the inactive stalk variants blocked the antiviral activity of WT MxA in a dominant-negative way, suggesting that heterozygotes are phenotypically MxA-negative. In contrast, the GTPase-deficient variants showed no dominant-negative effect, indicating that heterozygous carriers should remain unaffected. Our results demonstrate that naturally occurring mutations in the human MX1 gene can influence MxA function, which may explain individual variations in influenza virus susceptibility in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Graf
- From the Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,the Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19a, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexej Dick
- the Max-Delbrück Centrum for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,the Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Sendker
- From the Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emanuel Barth
- the Bioinformatics/High Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Manja Marz
- the Bioinformatics/High Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.,the Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany.,the European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany, and
| | - Oliver Daumke
- the Max-Delbrück Centrum for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, .,the Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- From the Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, .,the Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19a, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Suber F, Kobzik L. Childhood tolerance of severe influenza: a mortality analysis in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L1087-L1095. [PMID: 28882815 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00364.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 1918 influenza pandemic, children experienced substantially lower mortality than adults, a striking but unexplained finding. Whether this was due to enhanced resistance (reduced virus load) or better tolerance (reduced impact of infection) has not been defined. We found that prepubertal mice infected with H1N1 influenza virus also showed greater survival than infected pubertal mice, despite similar virus loads. Transcriptome profiling of infected lungs identified estrogen as a regulator of susceptibility in both sexes and also linked better survival to late expression of IL-1β. Blocking puberty with gonadectomy or a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist improved survival. Estrogen or testosterone (which can be converted to estrogen) restored susceptibility of gonadectomized pubertal mice to influenza mortality, but dihydrotestosterone (which cannot be converted to estrogen) did not. Estrogen receptor blockade with fulvestrant in both male and female pubertal mice resulted in improved survival, even when given 3 days after infection. Moreover, late, but not early, IL-1β neutralization after infection was also protective. These findings indicate that pubertal increases in estrogen in both sexes are associated with increased mortality during influenza. This helps explain the reduced mortality of children seen with influenza in 1918 and might also be relevant to childhood tolerance to many other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freeman Suber
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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To KKW, Yip CCY, Yuen KY. Rhinovirus - From bench to bedside. J Formos Med Assoc 2017; 116:496-504. [PMID: 28495415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus has been neglected in the past because it was generally perceived as a respiratory virus only capable of causing mild common cold. Contemporary epidemiological studies using molecular assays have shown that rhinovirus is frequently detected in adult and pediatric patients with upper or lower respiratory tract infections. Severe pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications are increasingly recognized. Contrary to popular belief, some rhinoviruses can actually replicate well at 37 °C and infect the lower airway in humans. The increasing availability of multiplex PCR panels allows rapid detection of rhinovirus and provides the opportunity for timely treatment and early recognition of outbreaks. Recent advances in the understanding of host factors for viral attachment and replication, and the host immunological response in both asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals, have provided important insights into rhinovirus infection which are crucial in the development of antiviral treatment. The identification of novel drugs has been accelerated by repurposing clinically-approved drugs. As humoral antibodies induced by past exposure and vaccine antigen of a particular serotype cannot provide full coverage for all rhinovirus serotypes, novel vaccination strategies are required for inducing protective response against all rhinoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K W To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Cyril C Y Yip
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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16
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Hatesuer B, Hoang HTT, Riese P, Trittel S, Gerhauser I, Elbahesh H, Geffers R, Wilk E, Schughart K. Deletion of Irf3 and Irf7 Genes in Mice Results in Altered Interferon Pathway Activation and Granulocyte-Dominated Inflammatory Responses to Influenza A Infection. J Innate Immun 2016; 9:145-161. [PMID: 27811478 DOI: 10.1159/000450705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN) pathway plays an essential role in the innate immune response following viral infections and subsequent shaping of adaptive immunity. Infections with influenza A viruses (IAV) activate the IFN pathway after the recognition of pathogen-specific molecular patterns by respective pattern recognition receptors. The IFN regulatory factors IRF3 and IRF7 are key players in the regulation of type I and III IFN genes. In this study, we analyzed the role of IRF3 and IRF7 for the host response to IAV infections in Irf3-/-, Irf7-/-, and Irf3-/-Irf7-/- knockout mice. While the absence of IRF3 had only a moderate impact on IFN expression, deletion of IRF7 completely abolished IFNα production after infection. In contrast, lack of both IRF3 and IRF7 resulted in the absence of both IFNα and IFNβ after IAV infection. In addition, IAV infection of double knockout mice resulted in a strong increase of mortality associated with a massive influx of granulocytes in the lung and reduced activation of the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Hatesuer
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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17
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Using Clinical Trial Simulators to Analyse the Sources of Variance in Clinical Trials of Novel Therapies for Acute Viral Infections. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156622. [PMID: 27332704 PMCID: PMC4917234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 90% of drugs fail in clinical development. The question is whether trials fail because of insufficient efficacy of the new treatment, or rather because of poor trial design that is unable to detect the true efficacy. The variance of the measured endpoints is a major, largely underestimated source of uncertainty in clinical trial design, particularly in acute viral infections. We use a clinical trial simulator to demonstrate how a thorough consideration of the variability inherent in clinical trials of novel therapies for acute viral infections can improve trial design. METHODS AND FINDINGS We developed a clinical trial simulator to analyse the impact of three different types of variation on the outcome of a challenge study of influenza treatments for infected patients, including individual patient variability in the response to the drug, the variance of the measurement procedure, and the variance of the lower limit of quantification of endpoint measurements. In addition, we investigated the impact of protocol variation on clinical trial outcome. We found that the greatest source of variance was inter-individual variability in the natural course of infection. Running a larger phase II study can save up to $38 million, if an unlikely to succeed phase III trial is avoided. In addition, low-sensitivity viral load assays can lead to falsely negative trial outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Due to high inter-individual variability in natural infection, the most important variable in clinical trial design for challenge studies of potential novel influenza treatments is the number of participants. 100 participants are preferable over 50. Using more sensitive viral load assays increases the probability of a positive trial outcome, but may in some circumstances lead to false positive outcomes. Clinical trial simulations are powerful tools to identify the most important sources of variance in clinical trials and thereby help improve trial design.
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18
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Leist SR, Pilzner C, van den Brand JMA, Dengler L, Geffers R, Kuiken T, Balling R, Kollmus H, Schughart K. Influenza H3N2 infection of the collaborative cross founder strains reveals highly divergent host responses and identifies a unique phenotype in CAST/EiJ mice. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:143. [PMID: 26921172 PMCID: PMC4769537 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A virus is a zoonotic pathogen that poses a major threat to human and animal health. The severe course of influenza infection is not only influenced by viral virulence factors but also by individual differences in the host response. To determine the extent to which the genetic background can modulate severity of an infection, we studied the host responses to influenza infections in the eight genetically highly diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) founder mouse strains. RESULTS We observed highly divergent host responses between the CC founder strains with respect to survival, body weight loss, hematological parameters in the blood, relative lung weight and viral load. Mouse strain was the main factor with highest effect size on body weight loss after infection, demonstrating that this phenotype was highly heritable. Sex represented another significant main effect, although it was less strong. Analysis of survival rates and mean time to death suggested three groups of susceptibility phenotypes: highly susceptible (A/J, CAST/EiJ, WSB/EiJ), intermediate susceptible (C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvImJ, NOD/ShiLtJ) and highly resistant strains (NZO/HlLtJ, PWK/PhJ). These three susceptibility groups were significantly different with respect to death/survival counts. Viral load was significantly different between susceptible and resistant strains but not between intermediate and highly susceptible strains. CAST/EiJ mice showed a unique phenotype. Despite high viral loads in their lungs, CAST/EiJ mice exhibited low counts of infiltrating granulocytes and showed increased numbers of macrophages in the lung. Histological studies of infected lungs and transcriptome analyses of peripheral blood cells and lungs confirmed an abnormal response in the leukocyte recruitment in CAST/EiJ mice. CONCLUSIONS The eight CC founder strains exhibited a large diversity in their response to influenza infections. Therefore, the CC will represent an ideal mouse genetic reference population to study the influence of genetic variation on the susceptibility and resistance to influenza infections which will be important to understand individual variations of disease severity in humans. The unique phenotype combination in the CAST/EiJ strain resembles human leukocyte adhesion deficiency and may thus represent a new mouse model to understand this and related abnormal immune responses to infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Leist
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig and University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Inhoffenstr.7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carolin Pilzner
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig and University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Inhoffenstr.7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Leonie Dengler
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig and University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Inhoffenstr.7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Heike Kollmus
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig and University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Inhoffenstr.7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig and University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Inhoffenstr.7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany. .,University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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19
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Ciancanelli MJ, Abel L, Zhang SY, Casanova JL. Host genetics of severe influenza: from mouse Mx1 to human IRF7. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 38:109-20. [PMID: 26761402 PMCID: PMC4733643 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause mild to moderate respiratory illness in most people, and only rarely devastating or fatal infections. The virulence factors encoded by viral genes can explain seasonal or geographic differences at the population level but are unlikely to account for inter-individual clinical variability. Inherited or acquired immunodeficiencies may thus underlie severe cases of influenza. The crucial role of host genes was first demonstrated by forward genetics in inbred mice, with the identification of interferon (IFN)-α/β-inducible Mx1 as a canonical influenza susceptibility gene. Reverse genetics has subsequently characterized the in vivo role of other mouse genes involved in IFN-α/β and -λ immunity. A series of in vitro studies with mouse and human cells have also refined the cell-intrinsic mechanisms of protection against influenza viruses. Population-based human genetic studies have not yet uncovered variants with a significant impact. Interestingly, human primary immunodeficiencies affecting T and B cells were also not found to predispose to severe influenza. Recently however, human IRF7 was shown to be essential for IFN-α/β- and IFN-λ-dependent protective immunity against primary influenza in vivo, as inferred from a patient with life-threatening influenza revealed to be IRF7-deficient by whole exome sequencing. Next generation sequencing of human exomes and genomes will facilitate the analysis of the human genetic determinism of severe influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ciancanelli
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Laurent Abel
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM-U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM-U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM-U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
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