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Temple C, Blouin AG, Boezen D, Botermans M, Durant L, De Jonghe K, de Koning P, Goedefroit T, Minet L, Steyer S, Verdin E, Zwart M, Massart S. Biological Characterization of Physostegia Chlorotic Mottle Virus, an Emergent Virus Infecting Vegetables in Diversified Production Systems. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1680-1688. [PMID: 38648112 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-23-0194-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In 2014, Physostegia chlorotic mottle virus (PhCMoV) was discovered in Austria in Physostegia virginiana. Subsequent collaborative efforts established a link between the virus and severe fruit symptoms on important crops such as tomato, eggplant, and cucumber across nine European countries. Thereafter, specific knowledge gaps, which are crucial to assess the risks PhCMoV can pose for production and how to manage it, needed to be addressed. In this study, the transmission, prevalence, and disease severity of PhCMoV were examined. This investigation led to the identification of PhCMoV presence in a new country, Switzerland. Furthermore, our research indicates that the virus was already present in Europe 30 years ago. Bioassays demonstrated PhCMoV can result in up to 100% tomato yield losses depending on the phenological stage of the plant at the time of infection. PhCMoV was found to naturally infect 12 new host plant species across eight families, extending its host range to 21 plant species across 15 plant families. The study also identified a polyphagous leafhopper (genus Anaceratagallia) as a natural vector of PhCMoV. Overall, PhCMoV was widespread in small-scale diversified vegetable farms in Belgium where tomato is grown in soil under tunnels, occurring in approximately one-third of such farms. However, outbreaks were sporadic and were associated at least once with the cultivation in tomato tunnels of perennial plants that can serve as a reservoir host for the virus and its vector. To further explore this phenomenon and manage the virus, studying the ecology of the vector would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Temple
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Arnaud G Blouin
- Plant Protection Department, Agroscope, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Dieke Boezen
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, Wageningen, 6700 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Botermans
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive plants and Plant health, Netherlands Food and Product Safety Authority, Wageningen, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurena Durant
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Kris De Jonghe
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Pier de Koning
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive plants and Plant health, Netherlands Food and Product Safety Authority, Wageningen, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Goedefroit
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Laurent Minet
- Hortiforum asbl/Centre Technique Horticole de Gembloux, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Stephan Steyer
- Crops and Forest Health Unit, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Eric Verdin
- Unité de Pathologie Végétale, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Avignon, 84000, France
| | - Mark Zwart
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, Wageningen, 6700 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastien Massart
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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Michael P, Panchavarnam S, Bagthasingh C, Palaniappan S, Velu R, Mohaideenpitchai MM, Palraj M, Muthumariyapan S, David EP. Innate immune response of snakehead fish to Indian strain of snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV-In) infection and the infectivity potential of the virus to other freshwater fishes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109577. [PMID: 38643957 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
A new virus known as snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV-In) was discovered in South India in striped snakehead (Channa striata) that had hemorrhagic patches and cutaneous ulcerations. The virus is the most potentially harmful pathogen of snakehead because it could cause 100% mortality within 5 days. The goal of the current investigation was to evaluate the infectivity of rhabdovirus in freshwater fishes and to analyze the immune response in snakehead fish after challenge with SHRV-In. The infectivity study of SHRV-In against three freshwater fish such as tilapia, grass carp and loach showed that the virus could not induce mortality in any of them. Snakehead fish challenged with SHRV-In showed significant (p < 0.05) changes in haematological parameters such as red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), white blood cell (WBC), total platelet (PLT) counts, mean platelet volume (MPV) and immunological markers such as respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase, catalase activity and myeloperoxidase activity at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hpi. Real time PCR was executed to examine the expression profile of innate immune genes such as IRF-7, IL-8 and IL-12 in Snakehead fish at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h post SHRV-In infection. Immune gene expression of IRF-7, IL-8 and IL-12 were up-regulated in the spleen when compared to kidney at 6 and 12 hpi. However, the expression level of all the genes was down-regulated at 24 and 48 hpi. The down regulation of innate immune genes after 24 hpi in these tissues may be the result of increased multiplication of SHRV-In by interfering with the immune signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharshini Michael
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivasankar Panchavarnam
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Chrisolite Bagthasingh
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subash Palaniappan
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rani Velu
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamed Mansoor Mohaideenpitchai
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mageshkumar Palraj
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvamagheswaran Muthumariyapan
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Evangelin Paripoorana David
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sun K, Fu K, Hu T, Shentu X, Yu X. Leveraging insect viruses and genetic manipulation for sustainable agricultural pest control. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2515-2527. [PMID: 37948321 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential of insect viruses in the biological control of agricultural pests is well-recognized, yet their practical application faces obstacles such as host specificity, variable virulence, and resource scarcity. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have significantly advanced our capabilities in discovering and identifying new insect viruses, thereby enriching the arsenal for pest management. Concurrently, progress in reverse genetics has facilitated the development of versatile viral expression vectors. These vectors have enhanced the specificity and effectiveness of insect viruses in targeting specific pests, offering a more precise approach to pest control. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the methodologies employed in the identification of insect viruses using HTS. Additionally, it explores the domain of genetically modified insect viruses and their associated challenges in pest management. The adoption of these cutting-edge approaches holds great promise for developing environmentally sustainable and effective pest control solutions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Zhejinag Seed Industry Group Xinchuang Bio-breeding Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuping Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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Quito-Avila DF, Reyes-Proaño E, Armijos-Capa G, Alcalá Briseño RI, Alvarez R, Flores FF. Analysis of a new negevirus-like sequence from Bemisia tabaci unveils a potential new taxon linking nelorpi- and centiviruses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303838. [PMID: 38753834 PMCID: PMC11098327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the complete genome sequence of a novel nege-like virus identified in whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci MEAM1), provisionally designated as whitefly negevirus 1 (WfNgV1). The virus possesses a single-stranded RNA genome comprising 11,848 nucleotides, organized into four open reading frames (ORFs). These ORFs encode the putative RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp, ORF 1), a glycoprotein (ORF 2), a structural protein with homology to those in the SP24 family, (ORF 3), and a protein of unknown function (ORF 4). Phylogenetic analysis focusing on RdRp and SP24 amino acid sequences revealed a close relationship between WfNgV1 and Bemisia tabaci negevirus 1, a negevirus sequence recently discovered in whiteflies from Israel. Both viruses form a clade sharing a most recent common ancestor with the proposed nelorpivirus and centivirus taxa. The putative glycoprotein from ORF 2 and SP24 (ORF 3) of WfNgV1 exhibit the characteristic topologies previously reported for negevirus counterparts. This marks the first reported negevirus-like sequence from whiteflies in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F. Quito-Avila
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnologicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Edison Reyes-Proaño
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
| | - Gerardo Armijos-Capa
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Robert Alvarez
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Francisco F. Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Centro de Investigación de Alimentos, CIAL, Universidad -UTE, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
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Walt HK, King JG, Sheele JM, Meyer F, Pietri JE, Hoffmann FG. Do bed bugs transmit human viruses, or do humans spread bed bugs and their viruses? A worldwide survey of the bed bug RNA virosphere. Virus Res 2024; 343:199349. [PMID: 38431055 PMCID: PMC10982078 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BED BUGS: (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are a globally distributed hematophagous pest that routinely feed on humans. Unlike many blood-sucking arthropods, they have never been linked to pathogen transmission in a natural setting, and despite increasing interest in their role as disease vectors, little is known about the viruses that bed bugs naturally harbor. Here, we present a global-scale survey of the bed bug RNA virosphere. We sequenced the metatranscriptomes of 22 individual bed bugs (Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus) from 8 locations around the world. We detected sequences from two known bed bug viruses (Shuangao bedbug virus 1 and Shuangao bedbug virus 2) which extends their geographical range. We identified three novel bed bug virus sequences from a tenui-like virus (Bunyavirales), a toti-like virus (Ghabrivirales), and a luteo-like virus (Tolivirales). Interestingly, some of the bed bug viruses branch near to insect-transmitted plant-infecting viruses, opening questions regarding the evolution of plant virus infection. When we analyzed the viral sequences by their host's collection location, we found unexpected patterns of geographical diversity that may reflect humans' role in bed bug dispersal. Additionally, we investigated the effect that Wolbachia, the primary bed bug endosymbiont, may have on viral abundance and found that Wolbachia infection neither promotes nor inhibits viral infection. Finally, our results provide no evidence that bed bugs transmit any known human pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter K Walt
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Jonas G King
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Johnathan M Sheele
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center & Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Florencia Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Jose E Pietri
- Sanford School of Medicine, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.
| | - Federico G Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Zeng Q, Xu Q, Wang Z, Zhou X. Genomic characterization of a novel cytorhabdovirus infecting Ixeris denticulata in China. Arch Virol 2024; 169:46. [PMID: 38366035 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Ixeris denticulata is a perennial herbal plant with important medical and economic value. In this study, a novel rhabdovirus from I. denticulata with leaf curling and mottle symptoms was identified through next-generation sequencing and molecular cloning approaches. Based on the host species and properties of this virus, it was tentatively named "Ixeris denticulata-associated rhabdovirus" (IdaRV). IdaRV has a negative-sense RNA genome that is 12,705 nucleotides in length and has five open reading frames (ORFs) in the order 3'-nucleoprotein -phosphoprotein -movement protein -matrix protein -large RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-5'. Pairwise sequence comparisons showed that IdaRV had 42.2-53.0% sequence identity to members of the genera Cytorhabdovirus, Varicosavirus, Betanucleorhabdovirus, Gammanucleorhabdovirus, Dichorhavirus, and Alphanucleorhabdovirus in the subfamily Betarhabdovirinae. BLASTp searches indicated that putative products of ORF1, ORF2, ORF3, ORF4, and ORF5 of IdaRV are most closely related to those of rudbeckia virus 1 (RudV1, GenBank accession number ON185810), with 32.1%, 21.3%, 52.4%, 37.6%, and 57.1% amino acid sequence identity, respectively, at the protein level. Phylogenetic analysis showed that IdaRV forms a smaller branch with RudV1, which belongs to the genus Cytorhabdovirus. These results establish IdaRV as a novel rhabdovirus in the genus Cytorhabdovirus of the family Rhabdoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qinwen Zeng
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Longquan City, Longquan, 610100, China
| | - Qiqiang Xu
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Longquan City, Longquan, 610100, China
| | - Zhanqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China.
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Ghorani S, Massumi H, Farhangi SH, Mansouri M, Heydarnejad J, Hosseinipour A. Metatranscriptome analysis of symptomatic bitter apple plants revealed mixed viral infections with a putative novel polerovirus. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:181. [PMID: 38360528 PMCID: PMC10868029 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) combined with bioinformatic analyses constitutes a powerful approach for identifying and characterizing previously unknown viral genomes. In this study, leaf samples from bitter apple plants (Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad) exhibiting symptoms such as dwarfing, leaf crinkling, and chlorosis were collected from the southern part of Kerman province, Iran. RESULTS Putative infecting viruses were identified through de novo assembly of sequencing reads using various tools, followed by BLAST analysis. Complete genomes for Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV), Citrus-associated rhabdovirus (CiaRV), and a novel polerovirus-related strain termed Bitter apple aphid-borne yellows virus (BaABYV) were assembled and characterized. Additionally, a partial genome for Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) was assembled. The genomic organization of the BaABYV was determined to be 5'-ORF0-ORF1-ORF1,2-ORF3a-ORF3-ORF3,5-ORF4-3'. Amino acid sequence identities for inferred proteins (P0 and P1, P1,2) with known poleroviruses were found to be the 90% species delineation limit, implying that BaABYV should be considered a new member of the genus Polerovirus. Recombination events were observed in the BaABYV and WMV strains; such events were not found in the CiaRV strain. CONCLUSIONS Molecular evidence from this study suggests that C. colocynthis is a reservoir host of several plant viruses. Among them, BaABYV is proposed as a new member of the genus Polerovirus. Furthermore, the CiaRV strain has been reported for the first time from Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrbanou Ghorani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 7616914111, Iran
| | - Hossein Massumi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 7616914111, Iran.
- Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production (RTIPP), Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Samin H Farhangi
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mehdi Mansouri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Jahangir Heydarnejad
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 7616914111, Iran
| | - Akbar Hosseinipour
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 7616914111, Iran
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Andika IB, Cao X, Kondo H, Sun L. The intriguing phenomenon of cross-kingdom infections of plant and insect viruses to fungi: Can other animal viruses also cross-infect fungi? PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011726. [PMID: 37883353 PMCID: PMC10602238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are highly widespread and commonly colonize multicellular organisms that live in natural environments. Notably, studies on viruses infecting plant-associated fungi have revealed the interesting phenomenon of the cross-kingdom transmission of viruses and viroids from plants to fungi. This implies that fungi, in addition to absorbing water, nutrients, and other molecules from the host, can acquire intracellular parasites that reside in the host. These findings further suggest that fungi can serve as suitable alternative hosts for certain plant viruses and viroids. Given the frequent coinfection of fungi and viruses in humans/animals, the question of whether fungi can also acquire animal viruses and serve as their hosts is very intriguing. In fact, the transmission of viruses from insects to fungi has been observed. Furthermore, the common release of animal viruses into the extracellular space (viral shedding) could potentially facilitate their acquisition by fungi. Investigations of the cross-infection of animal viruses in fungi may provide new insights into the epidemiology of viral diseases in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Bagus Andika
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinran Cao
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shouguang International Vegetable Sci-tech Fair Management Service Center, Shouguang, China
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Liying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Andika IB, Tian M, Bian R, Cao X, Luo M, Kondo H, Sun L. Cross-Kingdom Interactions Between Plant and Fungal Viruses. Annu Rev Virol 2023; 10:119-138. [PMID: 37406341 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-111821-122539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The large genetic and structural divergences between plants and fungi may hinder the transmission of viruses between these two kingdoms to some extent. However, recent accumulating evidence from virus phylogenetic analyses and the discovery of naturally occurring virus cross-infection suggest the occurrence of past and current transmissions of viruses between plants and plant-associated fungi. Moreover, artificial virus inoculation experiments showed that diverse plant viruses can multiply in fungi and vice versa. Thus, virus cross-infection between plants and fungi may play an important role in the spread, emergence, and evolution of both plant and fungal viruses and facilitate the interaction between them. In this review, we summarize current knowledge related to cross-kingdom virus infection in plants and fungi and further discuss the relevance of this new virological topic in the context of understanding virus spread and transmission in nature as well as developing control strategies for crop plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Bagus Andika
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China;
| | - Mengyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China;
| | - Ruiling Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China;
| | - Xinran Cao
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China;
| | - Ming Luo
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan;
| | - Liying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China;
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan;
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Gao DM, Qiao JH, Gao Q, Zhang J, Zang Y, Xie L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Fu J, Zhang H, Han C, Wang XB. A plant cytorhabdovirus modulates locomotor activity of insect vectors to enhance virus transmission. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5754. [PMID: 37717061 PMCID: PMC10505171 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission of many plant viruses relies on phloem-feeding insect vectors. However, how plant viruses directly modulate insect behavior is largely unknown. Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV) is transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus). Here, we show that BYSMV infects the central nervous system (CNS) of SBPHs, induces insect hyperactivity, and prolongs phloem feeding duration. The BYSMV accessory protein P6 interacts with the COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (LsCSN5) of SBPHs and suppresses LsCSN5-regulated de-neddylation from the Cullin 1 (CUL1), hereby inhibiting CUL1-based E3 ligases-mediated degradation of the circadian clock protein Timeless (TIM). Thus, virus infection or knockdown of LsCSN5 compromises TIM oscillation and induces high insect locomotor activity for transmission. Additionally, expression of BYSMV P6 in the CNS of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster disturbs circadian rhythm and induces high locomotor activity. Together, our results suggest the molecular mechanisms whereby BYSMV modulates locomotor activity of insect vectors for transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ji-Hui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chenggui Han
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xian-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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11
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Kanakala S, Xavier CAD, Martin KM, Tran HH, Redinbaugh MG, Whitfield AE. Rescue of the first alphanucleorhabdovirus entirely from cloned complementary DNA: An efficient vector for systemic expression of foreign genes in maize and insect vectors. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:788-800. [PMID: 36239302 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent reverse genetics technologies have enabled genetic manipulation of plant negative-strand RNA virus (NSR) genomes. Here, we report construction of an infectious clone for the maize-infecting Alphanucleorhabdovirus maydis, the first efficient NSR vector for maize. The full-length infectious clone was established using agrobacterium-mediated delivery of full-length maize mosaic virus (MMV) antigenomic RNA and the viral core proteins (nucleoprotein N, phosphoprotein P, and RNA-directed RNA polymerase L) required for viral transcription and replication into Nicotiana benthamiana. Insertion of intron 2 ST-LS1 into the viral L gene increased stability of the infectious clone in Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. To monitor virus infection in vivo, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was inserted in between the N and P gene junctions to generate recombinant MMV-GFP. Complementary DNA (cDNA) clones of MMV-wild type (WT) and MMV-GFP replicated in single cells of agroinfiltrated N. benthamiana. Uniform systemic infection and high GFP expression were observed in maize inoculated with extracts of the infiltrated N. benthamiana leaves. Insect vectors supported virus infection when inoculated via feeding on infected maize or microinjection. Both MMV-WT and MMV-GFP were efficiently transmitted to maize by planthopper vectors. The GFP reporter gene was stable in the virus genome and expression remained high over three cycles of transmission in plants and insects. The MMV infectious clone will be a versatile tool for expression of proteins of interest in maize and cross-kingdom studies of virus replication in plant and insect hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surapathrudu Kanakala
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - César A D Xavier
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen M Martin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hong Hanh Tran
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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12
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Wu Y, Yang M, Yang H, Qiu Y, Xuan Z, Xing F, Cao M. Identification and molecular characterization of a novel cytorhabdovirus from rose plants (Rosa chinensis Jacq.). Arch Virol 2023; 168:118. [PMID: 36952055 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus, tentatively named "rose-associated cytorhabdovirus" (RaCV), was identified by high-throughput sequencing. RaCV is 16,067 nucleotides in length and contains eight open reading frames (ORFs 1-8) encoding a nucleocapsid protein (N), a putative phosphoprotein (P), a putative P3 protein (P3), a putative P4 protein (P4), a putative matrix protein (M), a glycoprotein (G), a putative P7 protein (P7), and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L), respectively. The coding genes are flanked by a 3' leader sequence (228 nt) and a 5' trailer sequence (251 nt) and are separated by conserved intergenic junctions (3'-AUUCUUUUUG(N)nCUN-5'). Phylogenetic analysis showed that RaCV clustered with yerba mate virus A (YmVA) within the cytorhabdovirus clade, and it exhibited low a degree of nt sequence similarity (<40% identity) to other rhabdoviruses. Amino acid sequence comparisons between the putative proteins of RaCV and the corresponding proteins of other cytorhabdoviruses showed that the sequence identity levels were far below the species demarcation cutoff of 80% for cytorhabdoviruses. These results suggest that RaCV should be classified as a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wu
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mengxue Yang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Han Yang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuanjian Qiu
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhiyou Xuan
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fei Xing
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mengji Cao
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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13
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Medberry AN, Srivastava A, Diaz-Lara A, Rwahnih MA, Villamor DEV, Tzanetakis IE. A Novel, Divergent Member of the Rhabdoviridae Family Infects Strawberry. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:620-623. [PMID: 35857372 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1078-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is the most important berry crop worldwide and viruses pose a constant threat to the industry. In this communication, we describe a novel virus in the family Rhabdoviridae referred to as strawberry virus 3 (StrV-3). The virus does not show significant homology when compared with recognized rhabdoviruses and, therefore, the establishment of a new genus should be considered. A triplex reverse-transcription PCR test was developed and successfully employed in a survey of the National Clonal Germplasm Repository Fragaria collection. A CRISPR-Cas-based protocol was also developed and shown to detect the virus in as little as 1 fg of total RNA, a protocol to be used in the detection of the virus in candidate G1 plants. The strawberry aphid (Chaetosiphon fragaefolii) was evaluated-alas, unsuccessfully-as a potential vector of the virus. This work broadens our understanding of the family Rhabdoviridae and assists in the quest of releasing plant material free of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava N Medberry
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, UP 284403, India
| | - Alfredo Diaz-Lara
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Dan E V Villamor
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - Ioannis E Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
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14
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Patil AA, Klobasa W, Espinoza-Rivera D, Baars O, Lorenzen MD, Scott MJ. Development of transgenic corn planthopper Peregrinus maidis that express the tetracycline transactivator. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36825366 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The corn planthopper, Peregrinus maidis, is a vector of several maize viruses and is consequently a significant agricultural pest in many tropical and subtropical regions. As P. maidis has developed resistance to insecticides, the aim of this study was to develop transgenic P. maidis strains that could be used for future genetic biocontrol programs. To facilitate the identification of transgenic P. maidis, we isolated and characterized the promoters for the P. maidis ubiquitin-like and profilin genes. Transient expression assays with P. maidis embryos showed that both promoters were active. Transgenic lines were established using piggyBac vectors and fluorescent protein marker genes. The lines carried an auto-regulated tetracycline transactivator (tTA) gene, which has been widely used to establish conditional lethal strains in other insect species. The transgenic lines showed low levels of tTA expression but were viable on diet with or without doxycycline, which inhibits the binding of tTA to DNA. We discuss possible modifications to the tTA overexpression system that could lead to the successful development of conditional lethal strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a transgenic Hemiptera. The approach we have taken could potentially be applied to other Hemiptera and, for P. maidis, the technology will facilitate future functional genomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandrao A Patil
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William Klobasa
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dina Espinoza-Rivera
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Oliver Baars
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marcé D Lorenzen
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maxwell J Scott
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Discovery of a Closterovirus Infecting Jujube Plants Grown at Aksu Area in Xinjiang of China. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020267. [PMID: 36851483 PMCID: PMC9958854 DOI: 10.3390/v15020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is a widely grown fruit crop at Aksu in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. Viral disease-like symptoms are common on jujube plants. Here, for the first time, we report a virus tentatively named persimmon ampelovirus jujube isolate (PAmpV-Ju) infecting jujube plants. The virus was identified using high-throughput sequencing from a jujube plant (ID: AKS15) and molecularly related to viruses in the family Closteroviridae. The genomic sequences of two PAmpV-Ju variants named AKS15-20 and AKS15-17 were determined by RT-PCR amplifications. The genome structure of PAmpV-Ju was identical to that of a recently reported persimmon ampelovirus (PAmpV) and consisted of seven open reading frames. The genomes of AKS15-20 and AKS15-17 shared 83.7% nt identity with each other, and the highest nt sequence identity of 79% with two variants of PAmpV. The incidence of PAmpV-Ju on Aksu jujube plants was evaluated by RT-PCR assays. The phylogenetic analysis of amplified partial sequences coding for polymerase, HSP70h, and CP revealed two phylogenetic clades represented by AKS15-20 and AKS15-17. Our study provides important evidence for understanding viruses infecting jujube plants and establishing efficient measures to prevent virus spread.
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16
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Alviar KB, Rotenberg D, Martin KM, Whitfield AE. The physical interactome between Peregrinus maidis proteins and the maize mosaic virus glycoprotein provides insights into the cellular biology of a rhabdovirus in the insect vector. Virology 2022; 577:163-173. [PMID: 36395538 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdovirus glycoproteins (G) serve multifunctional roles in virus entry, assembly, and exit from animal cells. We hypothesize that maize mosaic virus (MMV) G is required for invasion, infection, and spread in Peregrinus maidis, the planthopper vector. Using a membrane-based yeast two-hybrid assay, we identified 107 P. maidis proteins that physically interacted with MMV G, of which approximately 53% matched proteins with known functions including endocytosis, vesicle-mediated transport, protein synthesis and turnover, nuclear export, metabolism and host defense. Physical interaction networks among conserved proteins indicated a possible cellular coordination of processes associated with MMV G translation, protein folding and trafficking. Non-annotated proteins contained predicted functional sites, including a diverse array of ligand binding sites. Cyclophilin A and apolipophorin III co-immunoprecipitated with MMV G, and each showed different patterns of localization with G in insect cells. This study describes the first protein interactome for a rhabdovirus spike protein and insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Alviar
- Institute of Weed Science, Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Dorith Rotenberg
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kathleen M Martin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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17
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Tangudu CS, Hargett AM, Laredo-Tiscareño SV, Smith RC, Blitvich BJ. Isolation of a novel rhabdovirus and detection of multiple novel viral sequences in Culex species mosquitoes in the United States. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2577-2590. [PMID: 36056958 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To increase our understanding of the diversity of the mosquito virome, 6956 mosquitoes of five species (Culex erraticus, Culex pipiens, Culex restuans, Culex tarsalis, and Culex territans) collected in Iowa in the United States in 2017 and 2020 were assayed for novel viruses by performing polyethylene glycol precipitation, virus isolation in cell culture, and unbiased high-throughput sequencing. A novel virus, provisionally named "Walnut Creek virus", was isolated from Cx. tarsalis, and its genomic sequence and organization are characteristic of viruses in the genus Hapavirus (family Rhabdoviridae). Replication of Walnut Creek virus occurred in avian, mammalian, and mosquito, but not tick, cell lines. A novel virus was also isolated from Cx. restuans, and partial genome sequencing revealed that it is distantly related to an unclassified virus of the genus Phytoreovirus (family Sedoreoviridae). Two recognized viruses were also isolated: Culex Y virus (family Birnaviridae) and Houston virus (family Mesoniviridae). We also identified sequences of eight novel viruses from six families (Amalgaviridae, Birnaviridae, Partitiviridae, Sedoreoviridae, Tombusviridae, and Totiviridae), two viruses that do not belong to any established families, and many previously recognized viruses. In summary, we provide evidence of multiple novel and recognized viruses in Culex spp. mosquitoes in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Tangudu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Alissa M Hargett
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - S Viridiana Laredo-Tiscareño
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Ryan C Smith
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Bradley J Blitvich
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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18
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Petrzik K, Přibylová J, Špak J, Sarkisova T, Fránová J, Holub J, Skalík J, Koloniuk I. Mixed Infection of Blackcurrant with a Novel Cytorhabdovirus and Black Currant-Associated Nucleorhabdovirus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112456. [PMID: 36366554 PMCID: PMC9697673 DOI: 10.3390/v14112456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A virome screen was performed on a new breeding line, KB1, of blackcurrant. Rhabdovirus-like particles were observed by electron microscopy in ultrathin sections of flower stalks, and the complete genome sequence of a novel virus, provisionally named blackcurrant rhabdovirus 2 (BCRV2), was determined and verified using high-throughput sequencing. The genomic organization of BCRV2 was characteristic of cytorhabdoviruses (family Rhabdoviridae) and included seven genes: 3 ́- N-P´-P-P3-M-G-L -5 ́. BLASTP analysis revealed that the putative L protein had the highest amino acid sequence identity (75 %) with strawberry virus 2. BCRV2 was detected in Cryptomyzusgaleopsidis, but efficient transmission by this aphid was not confirmed. Of note, we observed coinfection of the KB1 line with blackcurrant-associated rhabdovirus (BCaRV) by RT-PCR. This is likely the first evidence of the presence of a cyto- and a nucleorhabdovirus in a single host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Petrzik
- Biology Centre Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Jaroslava Přibylová
- Biology Centre Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Špak
- Biology Centre Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tatiana Sarkisova
- Biology Centre Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Fránová
- Biology Centre Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Holub
- Jan Holub Ltd., Hvozdečko 7, 783 25 Bouzov, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skalík
- Jan Holub Ltd., Hvozdečko 7, 783 25 Bouzov, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Koloniuk
- Biology Centre Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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19
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Temple C, Blouin AG, De Jonghe K, Foucart Y, Botermans M, Westenberg M, Schoen R, Gentit P, Visage M, Verdin E, Wipf-Scheibel C, Ziebell H, Gaafar YZA, Zia A, Yan XH, Richert-Pöggeler KR, Ulrich R, Rivarez MPS, Kutnjak D, Vučurović A, Massart S. Biological and Genetic Characterization of Physostegia Chlorotic Mottle Virus in Europe Based on Host Range, Location, and Time. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2797-2807. [PMID: 35394335 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-21-2800-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Application of high throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies enabled the first identification of Physostegia chlorotic mottle virus (PhCMoV) in 2018 in Austria. Subsequently, PhCMoV was detected in Germany and Serbia on tomatoes showing severe fruit mottling and ripening anomalies. We report here how prepublication data-sharing resulted in an international collaboration across eight laboratories in five countries, enabling an in-depth characterization of PhCMoV. The independent studies converged toward its recent identification in eight additional European countries and confirmed its presence in samples collected 20 years ago (2002). The natural plant host range was expanded from two to nine species across seven families, and we confirmed the association of PhCMoV presence with severe fruit symptoms on economically important crops such as tomato, eggplant, and cucumber. Mechanical inoculations of selected isolates in the greenhouse established the causality of the symptoms on a new indexing host range. In addition, phylogenetic analysis showed a low genomic variation across the 29 near-complete genome sequences available. Furthermore, a strong selection pressure within a specific ecosystem was suggested by nearly identical sequences recovered from different host plants through time. Overall, this study describes the European distribution of PhCMoV on multiple plant hosts, including economically important crops on which the virus can cause severe fruit symptoms. This work demonstrates how to efficiently improve knowledge on an emergent pathogen by sharing HTS data and provides a solid knowledge foundation for further studies on plant rhabdoviruses.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Temple
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, TERRA-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULIEGE), Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Arnaud G Blouin
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, TERRA-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULIEGE), Gembloux 5030, Belgium
- Plant Protection Department, Agroscope, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Kris De Jonghe
- Plant Sciences Unit, Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Yoika Foucart
- Plant Sciences Unit, Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Marleen Botermans
- National Reference Centre of Plant Health, National Plant Protection Organization of the Netherlands, 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Westenberg
- National Reference Centre of Plant Health, National Plant Protection Organization of the Netherlands, 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben Schoen
- National Reference Centre of Plant Health, National Plant Protection Organization of the Netherlands, 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Gentit
- Laboratoire de santé des végétaux, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Angers 49100, France
| | - Michèle Visage
- Laboratoire de santé des végétaux, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Angers 49100, France
| | - Eric Verdin
- Unité de Pathologie Végétale, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Avignon 84000, France
| | - Catherine Wipf-Scheibel
- Unité de Pathologie Végétale, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Avignon 84000, France
| | - Heiko Ziebell
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig 38104, Germany
| | - Yahya Z A Gaafar
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig 38104, Germany
| | - Amjad Zia
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig 38104, Germany
| | - Xiao-Hua Yan
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig 38104, Germany
| | - Katja R Richert-Pöggeler
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig 38104, Germany
| | | | - Mark Paul S Rivarez
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology (NIB), Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Denis Kutnjak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology (NIB), Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Ana Vučurović
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology (NIB), Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Sébastien Massart
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, TERRA-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULIEGE), Gembloux 5030, Belgium
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20
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Reyes-Proaño E, Alvarez-Quinto R, Delgado-Jiménez JA, Cornejo-Franco JF, Mollov D, Bejerman N, Quito-Avila DF. Genome Characterization and Pathogenicity of Two New Hyptis pectinata Viruses Transmitted by Distinct Insect Vectors. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:2440-2448. [PMID: 35694887 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-22-0130-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two newly described viruses belonging to distinct families, Rhabdoviridae and Geminiviridae, were discovered co-infecting Hyptis pectinata from a tropical dry forest of Ecuador. The negative-sense RNA genome of the rhabdovirus, tentatively named Hyptis latent virus (HpLV), comprises 13,765 nucleotides with seven open reading frames separated by the conserved intergenic region 3'-AAUUAUUUUGAU-5'. Sequence analyses showed identities as high as 56% for the polymerase and 38% for the nucleocapsid to members of the genus Cytorhabdovirus. Efficient transmission of HpLV was mediated by the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) in a persistent replicative manner. The single-stranded DNA genome of the virus tentatively named Hyptis golden mosaic virus (HpGMV) shared homology with members of the genus Begomovirus with bipartite genomes. The DNA-A component consists of 2,716 nucleotides (nt), whereas the DNA-B component contains 2,666 nt. Pairwise alignments using the complete genomic sequence of DNA-A of HpGMV and closest relatives showed identities below the cutoff (<91% shared nt) established by the ICTV as species demarcation, indicating that HpGMV should be classified in a distinct begomovirus species. Transmission experiments confirmed that the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) is a vector of HpGMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Reyes-Proaño
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Robert Alvarez-Quinto
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A
| | - José A Delgado-Jiménez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Juan F Cornejo-Franco
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Dimitre Mollov
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A
| | - Nicolás Bejerman
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Camino 60 Cuadras Km 5.5, Córdoba X5020ICA, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Camino 60 Cuadras Km 5.5, Córdoba X5020ICA, Argentina
| | - Diego F Quito-Avila
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
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21
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Medberry A, Tzanetakis IE. Identification, Characterization, and Detection of a Novel Strawberry Cytorhabdovirus. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2784-2787. [PMID: 36176214 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-21-2449-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In 2020, a novel agent was discovered in strawberry, a rhabdovirus closely related to lettuce necrotic yellows virus. The new virus, named strawberry virus 2 (StrV-2), was discovered in an accession of the Fragaria virus collection of the National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR), and for this reason, it was studied in-depth. The complete StrV-2 genome was obtained and investigated in silico. Transmission was assessed using two aphid species whereas a multiplex RT-PCR test targeting plant and virus genes was developed and used to screen the NCGR Fragaria virus collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Medberry
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Ioannis E Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701
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22
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Gao DM, Zhang ZJ, Qiao JH, Gao Q, Zang Y, Xu WY, Xie L, Fang XD, Ding ZH, Yang YZ, Wang Y, Wang XB. A rhabdovirus accessory protein inhibits jasmonic acid signaling in plants to attract insect vectors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1349-1364. [PMID: 35771641 PMCID: PMC9516739 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant rhabdoviruses heavily rely on insect vectors for transmission between sessile plants. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of insect attraction and transmission of plant rhabdoviruses. In this study, we used an arthropod-borne cytorhabdovirus, Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV), to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms of a rhabdovirus accessory protein in improving plant attractiveness to insect vectors. Here, we found that BYSMV-infected barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants attracted more insect vectors than mock-treated plants. Interestingly, overexpression of BYSMV P6, an accessory protein, in transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants substantially increased host attractiveness to insect vectors through inhibiting the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. The BYSMV P6 protein interacted with the constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 signalosome subunit 5 (CSN5) of barley plants in vivo and in vitro, and negatively affected CSN5-mediated deRUBylation of cullin1 (CUL1). Consequently, the defective CUL1-based Skp1/Cullin1/F-box ubiquitin E3 ligases could not mediate degradation of jasmonate ZIM-domain proteins, resulting in compromised JA signaling and increased insect attraction. Overexpression of BYSMV P6 also inhibited JA signaling in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants to attract insects. Our results provide insight into how a plant cytorhabdovirus subverts plant JA signaling to attract insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen-Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ji-Hui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen-Ya Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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23
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Complete genome sequence of a putative novel cytorhabdovirus isolated from Rudbeckia sp. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2381-2385. [PMID: 35920980 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Through high-throughput RNA sequencing, we discovered a putative new cytorhabdovirus in the seeds of Rudbeckia sp., which we have tentatively named "rudbeckia virus 1" (RudV1). Its complete 12,502-nt genomic sequence contains five open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1 (putative nucleocapsid protein, N), ORF2 (putative phosphoprotein, P), ORF3 (putative cell-to-cell movement protein, P3), ORF4 (putative matrix protein, M), and ORF5 (putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, L). BLASTp searches showed that ORF1, ORF3, ORF4, and ORF5 of RudV1 are most closely related to the corresponding proteins of Tagetes erecta virus 1 (a putative member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus) with 33.87% (88% query coverage), 55.98% (89% query coverage), 35.33% (94% query coverage), and 57.75% (98% query coverage) sequence identity at the amino acid level, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis and pairwise comparisons indicated that RudV1 is a novel member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus within the family Rhabdoviridae.
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24
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Koloniuk I, Matyášová A, Brázdová S, Veselá J, Přibylová J, Fránová J, Elena SF. Transmission of Diverse Variants of Strawberry Viruses Is Governed by a Vector Species. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071362. [PMID: 35891344 PMCID: PMC9316375 DOI: 10.3390/v14071362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in high-throughput sequencing methods have boosted the discovery of multistrain viral infections in diverse plant systems. This phenomenon appears to be pervasive for certain viral species. However, our knowledge of the transmission aspects leading to the establishment of such mixed infections is limited. Recently, we reported a mixed infection of a single strawberry plant with strawberry mottle virus (SMoV), strawberry crinkle virus (SCV) and strawberry virus 1 (StrV-1). While SCV and StrV-1 are represented by two and three molecular variants, respectively, SmoV has three different RNA1 and RNA2 segments. In this study, we focus on virus acquisition by individual adult aphids of the Aphis gossypii, Aphis forbesi and Chaetosiphon fragaefolii species. Single-aphid transmission trials are performed under experimental conditions. Both different viruses and individual virus strains show varying performances in single aphid acquisition. The obtained data suggests that numerous individual transmission events lead to the establishment of multistrain infections. These data will be important for the development of epidemiological models in plant virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Koloniuk
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Virology, Biology Centre CAS, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (S.B.); (J.V.); (J.P.); (J.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-38-777-5521
| | - Alena Matyášová
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Virology, Biology Centre CAS, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (S.B.); (J.V.); (J.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Sára Brázdová
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Virology, Biology Centre CAS, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (S.B.); (J.V.); (J.P.); (J.F.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Veselá
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Virology, Biology Centre CAS, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (S.B.); (J.V.); (J.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Jaroslava Přibylová
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Virology, Biology Centre CAS, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (S.B.); (J.V.); (J.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Jana Fránová
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Virology, Biology Centre CAS, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (S.B.); (J.V.); (J.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Santiago F. Elena
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas, CSIC-Universitat de València, Paterna, 46980 València, Spain;
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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25
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Walker PJ, Freitas-Astúa J, Bejerman N, Blasdell KR, Breyta R, Dietzgen RG, Fooks AR, Kondo H, Kurath G, Kuzmin IV, Ramos-González PL, Shi M, Stone DM, Tesh RB, Tordo N, Vasilakis N, Whitfield AE, Ictv Report Consortium. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Rhabdoviridae 2022. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35723908 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Rhabdoviridae comprises viruses with negative-sense (-) RNA genomes of 10-16 kb. Virions are typically enveloped with bullet-shaped or bacilliform morphology but can also be non-enveloped filaments. Rhabdoviruses infect plants or animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians or fish, as well as arthropods, which serve as single hosts or act as biological vectors for transmission to animals or plants. Rhabdoviruses include important pathogens of humans, livestock, fish or agricultural crops. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Rhabdoviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/rhabdoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Nicolas Bejerman
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones, Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Argentina
| | - Kim R Blasdell
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | | | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anthony R Fooks
- Animal and Plant Health Agency Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Gael Kurath
- Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Ivan V Kuzmin
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Mang Shi
- Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - David M Stone
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Robert B Tesh
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27606, USA
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26
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Walker PJ, Bigarré L, Kurath G, Dacheux L, Pallandre L. Revised Taxonomy of Rhabdoviruses Infecting Fish and Marine Mammals. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111363. [PMID: 35681827 PMCID: PMC9179924 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Rhabdoviridae is a family of viruses that includes some important pathogens of fish and marine mammals. Aspects of the taxonomic classification of fish viruses assigned to this family have recently been reviewed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). This paper describes the newly approved taxonomy, including the assignment of new subfamilies and new virus species. The paper also considers a taxonomic conundrum presented by viruses assigned to one group of fish rhabdoviruses (genus Novirhabdovirus) for which assignment to the family Rhabdoviridae may not be appropriate. Abstract The Rhabdoviridae is a large family of negative-sense (-) RNA viruses that includes important pathogens of ray-finned fish and marine mammals. As for all viruses, the taxonomic assignment of rhabdoviruses occurs through a process implemented by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). A recent revision of taxonomy conducted in conjunction with the ICTV Rhabdoviridae Study Group has resulted in the establishment of three new subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae) within the Rhabdoviridae, as well as three new genera (Cetarhavirus, Siniperhavirus, and Scophrhavirus) and seven new species for viruses infecting fish or marine mammals. All rhabdovirus species have also now been named or renamed to comply with the binomial format adopted by the ICTV in 2021, comprising the genus name followed by a species epithet. Phylogenetic analyses of L protein (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) sequences of (-) RNA viruses indicate that members of the genus Novirhabdovirus (subfamily Gammarhabdovirinae) do not cluster within the Rhabdoviridae, suggesting the need for a review of their current classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Laurent Bigarré
- Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Technopole Brest Iroise, ANSES, 29280 Plouzané, France; (L.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Gael Kurath
- Western Fisheries Research Center, US Geological Survey, 6505 NE 65th Street, Seattle, WA 98115, USA;
| | - Laurent Dacheux
- Unit Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology, Université Paris Cité, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, CEDEX 15, 75724 Paris, France;
| | - Laurane Pallandre
- Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Technopole Brest Iroise, ANSES, 29280 Plouzané, France; (L.B.); (L.P.)
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27
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Tassi AD, Ramos-González PL, Sinico TE, Kitajima EW, Freitas-Astúa J. Circulative Transmission of Cileviruses in Brevipalpus Mites May Involve the Paracellular Movement of Virions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:836743. [PMID: 35464977 PMCID: PMC9019602 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.836743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses transmitted by mites of the genus Brevipalpus are members of the genera Cilevirus, family Kitaviridae, or Dichorhavirus, family Rhabdoviridae. They produce non-systemic infections that typically display necrotic and/or chlorotic lesions around the inoculation loci. The cilevirus citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) causes citrus leprosis, rated as one of the most destructive diseases affecting this crop in the Americas. CiLV-C is vectored in a persistent manner by the flat mite Brevipalpus yothersi. Upon the ingestion of viral particles with the content of the infected plant cell, virions must pass through the midgut epithelium and the anterior podocephalic gland of the mites. Following the duct from this gland, virions reach the salivary canal before their inoculation into a new plant cell through the stylet canal. It is still unclear whether CiLV-C multiplies in mite cells and what mechanisms contribute to its movement through mite tissues. In this study, based on direct observation of histological sections from viruliferous mites using the transmission electron microscope, we posit the hypothesis of the paracellular movement of CiLV-C in mites which may involve the manipulation of septate junctions. We detail the presence of viral particles aligned in the intercellular spaces between cells and the gastrovascular system of Brevipalpus mites. Accordingly, we propose putative genes that could control either active or passive paracellular circulation of viral particles inside the mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Daniele Tassi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, Brazil.,Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Elise Sinico
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis, Brazil
| | - Elliot Watanabe Kitajima
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, Brazil.,Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
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28
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Jia D, Liu H, Zhang J, Wan W, Wang Z, Zhang X, Chen Q, Wei T. Polyamine-metabolizing enzymes are activated to promote the proper assembly of rice stripe mosaic virus in insect vectors. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:10. [PMID: 37676339 PMCID: PMC10441986 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-021-00032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Both viruses and host cells compete for intracellular polyamines for efficient propagation. Currently, how the key polyamine-metabolizing enzymes, including ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) and its antizyme 1 (OAZ1), are activated to co-ordinate viral propagation and polyamine biosynthesis remains unknown. Here, we report that the matrix protein of rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV), a cytorhabdovirus, directly hijacks OAZ1 to ensure the proper assembly of rigid bacilliform non-enveloped virions in leafhopper vector. Viral matrix protein effectively competes with ODC1 to bind to OAZ1, and thus, the ability of OAZ1 to target and mediate the degradation of ODC1 is significantly inhibited during viral propagation, which finally promotes polyamines production. Thus, OAZ1 and ODC1 are activated to synergistically promote viral persistent propagation and polyamine biosynthesis in viruliferous vectors. Our data suggest that it is a novel mechanism for rhabdovirus to exploit OAZ1 for facilitating viral assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Jia
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Wan
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwen Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Cornejo-Franco JF, Reyes-Proaño E, Mollov D, Mowery J, Quito-Avila DF. Transmission and Pathogenicity of Papaya Virus E: Insights from an Experimental Papaya Orchard. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:685-690. [PMID: 34601954 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-21-1785-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate epidemiological aspects of papaya virus E (PpVE), a cytorhabdovirus commonly found in papaya (Carica papaya L.) plantings in Ecuador. Besides papaya, PpVE was found in three Fabaceae weeds, including Rhynchosia minima, Centrosema plumieri, and Macroptilium lathyroides, the latter being the species with the highest virus prevalence. Greenhouse experiments showed that in M. lathyroides, single infections of PpVE induce only mild leaf mosaic, whereas in mixed infections with cowpea severe mosaic virus, PpVE contributes to severe mosaic. In papaya, PpVE did not induce noticeable symptoms in single or mixed infections with papaya ringspot virus. Transmission experiments confirmed that whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) transmit PpVE in a semipersistent, nonpropagative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Cornejo-Franco
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil 090101, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Edison Reyes-Proaño
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil 090101, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Dimitre Mollov
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Center, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A
| | - Joseph Mowery
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Center, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
| | - Diego F Quito-Avila
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil 090101, Guayas, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil 090101, Guayas, Ecuador
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30
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Wang Y, Wang G, Bai J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wen S, Li L, Yang Z, Hong N. A novel Actinidia cytorhabdovirus characterized using genomic and viral protein interaction features. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1271-1287. [PMID: 34288324 PMCID: PMC8435229 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel cytorhabdovirus, tentatively named Actinidia virus D (AcVD), was identified from kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) in China using high-throughput sequencing technology. The genome of AcVD consists of 13,589 nucleotides and is organized into seven open reading frames (ORFs) in its antisense strand, coding for proteins in the order N-P-P3-M-G-P6-L. The ORFs were flanked by a 3' leader sequence and a 5' trailer sequence and are separated by conserved intergenic junctions. The genome sequence of AcVD was 44.6%-51.5% identical to those of reported cytorhabdoviruses. The proteins encoded by AcVD shared the highest sequence identities, ranging from 27.3% (P6) to 44.5% (L), with the respective proteins encoded by reported cytorhabdoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AcVD clustered together with the cytorhabdovirus Wuhan insect virus 4. The subcellular locations of the viral proteins N, P, P3, M, G, and P6 in epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves were determined. The M protein of AcVD uniquely formed filament structures and was associated with microtubules. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that three proteins, N, P, and M, self-interact, protein N plays a role in the formation of cytoplasm viroplasm, and protein M recruits N, P, P3, and G to microtubules. In addition, numerous paired proteins interact in the nucleus. This study presents the first evidence of a cytorhabdovirus infecting kiwifruit plants and full location and interaction maps to gain insight into viral protein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of AgricultureHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Guoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of AgricultureHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jianyu Bai
- Laboratory of Fruit Trees DiseaseInstitute of Economic ForestryXinjiang Academy of Forestry SciencesUrumqiChina
| | - Yongle Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shaohua Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Liu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zuokun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ni Hong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of AgricultureHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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Factors Determining Transmission of Persistent Viruses by Bemisia tabaci and Emergence of New Virus-Vector Relationships. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091808. [PMID: 34578388 PMCID: PMC8472762 DOI: 10.3390/v13091808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant viruses depend on insect vectors for their transmission and dissemination. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important virus vectors, transmitting more than four hundred virus species, the majority belonging to begomoviruses (Geminiviridae), with their ssDNA genomes. Begomoviruses are transmitted by B. tabaci in a persistent, circulative manner, during which the virus breaches barriers in the digestive, hemolymph, and salivary systems, and interacts with insect proteins along the transmission pathway. These interactions and the tissue tropism in the vector body determine the efficiency and specificity of the transmission. This review describes the mechanisms involved in circulative begomovirus transmission by B. tabaci, focusing on the most studied virus in this regard, namely the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and its closely related isolates. Additionally, the review aims at drawing attention to the recent knowhow of unorthodox virus—B. tabaci interactions. The recent knowledge of whitefly-mediated transmission of two recombinant poleroviruses (Luteoviridae), a virus group with an ssRNA genome and known to be strictly transmitted with aphids, is discussed with its broader context in the emergence of new whitefly-driven virus diseases.
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Illuminating the Plant Rhabdovirus Landscape through Metatranscriptomics Data. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071304. [PMID: 34372509 PMCID: PMC8310260 DOI: 10.3390/v13071304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdoviruses infect a large number of plant species and cause significant crop diseases. They have a negative-sense, single-stranded unsegmented or bisegmented RNA genome. The number of plant-associated rhabdovirid sequences has grown in the last few years in concert with the extensive use of high-throughput sequencing platforms. Here, we report the discovery of 27 novel rhabdovirus genomes associated with 25 different host plant species and one insect, which were hidden in public databases. These viral sequences were identified through homology searches in more than 3000 plant and insect transcriptomes from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA) using known plant rhabdovirus sequences as the query. The identification, assembly and curation of raw SRA reads resulted in sixteen viral genome sequences with full-length coding regions and ten partial genomes. Highlights of the obtained sequences include viruses with unique and novel genome organizations among known plant rhabdoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that thirteen of the novel viruses were related to cytorhabdoviruses, one to alphanucleorhabdoviruses, five to betanucleorhabdoviruses, one to dichorhaviruses and seven to varicosaviruses. These findings resulted in the most complete phylogeny of plant rhabdoviruses to date and shed new light on the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary landscape of this group of plant viruses. Furthermore, this study provided additional evidence for the complexity and diversity of plant rhabdovirus genomes and demonstrated that analyzing SRA public data provides an invaluable tool to accelerate virus discovery, gain evolutionary insights and refine virus taxonomy.
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Rajarapu SP, Ullman DE, Uzest M, Rotenberg D, Ordaz NA, Whitfield AE. Plant–Virus–Vector Interactions. Virology 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119818526.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dietzgen RG, Bejerman NE, Mei Y, Jee CLJ, Chabi-Jesus C, Freitas-Astúa J, Veras SM, Kitajima EW. Joá yellow blotch-associated virus, a new alphanucleorhabdovirus from a wild solanaceous plant in Brazil. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1615-1622. [PMID: 33774730 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We identified a novel plant rhabdovirus infecting native joá (Solanum aculeatissimum) plants in Brazil. Infected plants showed yellow blotches on the leaves, and typical enveloped bacilliform rhabdovirus particles associated with the nucleus were seen in thin sections by electron microscopy. The virus could be graft-transmitted to healthy joá and tomato plants but was not mechanically transmissible. RT-PCR using degenerate plant rhabdovirus L gene primers yielded an amplicon from extracted total RNA, the sequence of which was similar to those of alphanucleorhabdoviruses. Based on close sequence matches, especially with the type member potato yellow dwarf virus (PYDV), we adopted a degenerate-primer-walking strategy towards both genome ends. The complete genome of joá yellow blotch-associated virus (JYBaV) is comprised of 12,965 nucleotides, is less than 75% identical to that of its closest relative PYDV, and clusters with PYDV and other alphanucleorhabdoviruses in L protein phylogenetic trees, suggesting that it should be taxonomically classified in a new species in the genus Alphanucleorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae. The genome organization of JYBaV is typical of the 'PYDV-like' subgroup of alphanucleorhabdoviruses, with seven genes (N-X-P-Y-M-G-L) separated by conserved intergenic regions and flanked by partly complementary 3' leader and 5' trailer regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Nicolas E Bejerman
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal-Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias-Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), 5020, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yongyu Mei
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Charmaine Lim Jing Jee
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, 04014-900, Brazil.,Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, BA, 44380-000, Brazil
| | - Solange M Veras
- Departamento de Ciências Fundamentais e Desenvolvimento Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 1200-Coroado I, Manaus, AM, 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Elliot W Kitajima
- Departmento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
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Liu Q, Jin J, Yang L, Zhang S, Cao M. Molecular characterization of a novel cytorhabdovirus associated with chrysanthemum yellow dwarf disease. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1253-1257. [PMID: 33575895 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Deep-sequencing analysis of a chrysanthemum plant with yellow dwarf symptoms led to the discovery of a novel putative cytorhabdovirus, here tentatively named "chrysanthemum yellow dwarf associated virus" (CYDaV). Its negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome comprises 14,086 nucleotides and contains eight open reading frames in the order 3' leader-N-P'-P-P3-M-G-P6-L-5' trailer. CYDaV shares moderate sequence similarity (< 54.2% nucleotide and 51% amino acid sequence identity) with its cytorhabdovirus counterparts in cognate genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CYDaV clustered with strong support with alfalfa dwarf virus, raspberry vein chlorosis virus, and strawberry crinkle virus. These findings suggest that CYDaV should be considered a novel member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyan Liu
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jingjing Jin
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Liu Yang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Song Zhang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mengji Cao
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China.
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Jia W, Wang F, Xiao S, Yang Y, Chen L, Li J, Bao Y, Song Q, Ye G. Identification and characterization of a novel rhabdovirus in green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps. Virus Res 2021; 296:198281. [PMID: 33548414 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The family Rhabdoviridae is one of the most ecological diverse groups of RNA viruses, with remarkable genome complexity and wide host range. Rhabdoviruses are discovered in many insect species, and insects, such as midges, mosquitoes, aphids and leafhoppers, act as crucial vectors for rhabdovirus transmission. Here, a novel rhabdovirus was identified in green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a common virus vector on rice. This virus was named as Nephotettix cincticeps negative-stranded RNA virus-1 (NcNSRV-1). The genome of NcNSRV-1 is 12,361 nucleotides in length, flanked by untranslated 3' leader and 5' trailer. The anti-sense viral genome consists of five major structural protein genes (N, P, M, G and L), which shares a typical architecture with the family Rhabdoviridae. An additional gene, P6, is interposed between G and L genes. NcNSRV-1 is phylogenetically clustered with the unclassified rhabdoviruses isolated from insects and exhibits low sequence identities with other viruses. The transcription regulatory sequences in NcNSRV-1 gene junctions were determined, revealing a unique transcription initiation sequence. In view of the phylogeny, sequence identity and genome organization, NcNSRV-1 is likely to be an insect rhabdovirus. Field surveys showed NcNSRV-1 was prevalent in the rice field populations of N. cincticeps in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Longfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Yanyuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Wu Z, Han Y, Liu B, Li H, Zhu G, Latinne A, Dong J, Sun L, Su H, Liu L, Du J, Zhou S, Chen M, Kritiyakan A, Jittapalapong S, Chaisiri K, Buchy P, Duong V, Yang J, Jiang J, Xu X, Zhou H, Yang F, Irwin DM, Morand S, Daszak P, Wang J, Jin Q. Decoding the RNA viromes in rodent lungs provides new insight into the origin and evolutionary patterns of rodent-borne pathogens in Mainland Southeast Asia. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:18. [PMID: 33478588 PMCID: PMC7818139 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the largest group of mammalian species, which are also widely distributed all over the world, rodents are the natural reservoirs for many diverse zoonotic viruses. A comprehensive understanding of the core virome of diverse rodents should therefore assist in efforts to reduce the risk of future emergence or re-emergence of rodent-borne zoonotic pathogens. RESULTS This study aimed to describe the viral range that could be detected in the lungs of rodents from Mainland Southeast Asia. Lung samples were collected from 3284 rodents and insectivores of the orders Rodentia, Scandentia, and Eulipotyphla in eighteen provinces of Thailand, Lao PDR, and Cambodia throughout 2006-2018. Meta-transcriptomic analysis was used to outline the unique spectral characteristics of the mammalian viruses within these lungs and the ecological and genetic imprints of the novel viruses. Many mammalian- or arthropod-related viruses from distinct evolutionary lineages were reported for the first time in these species, and viruses related to known pathogens were characterized for their genomic and evolutionary characteristics, host species, and locations. CONCLUSIONS These results expand our understanding of the core viromes of rodents and insectivores from Mainland Southeast Asia and suggest that a high diversity of viruses remains to be found in rodent species of this area. These findings, combined with our previous virome data from China, increase our knowledge of the viral community in wildlife and arthropod vectors in emerging disease hotspots of East and Southeast Asia. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yelin Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | | | | | - Alice Latinne
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Ha Noi, Vietnam
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jie Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lilin Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haoxiang Su
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liguo Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiang Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mingxing Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Anamika Kritiyakan
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Jian Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinyong Jiang
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Pu'er, PR China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Pu'er, PR China
| | - Hongning Zhou
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Pu'er, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - David M Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Serge Morand
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Jianwei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
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Rose virus R, a cytorhabdovirus infecting rose. Arch Virol 2021; 166:655-658. [PMID: 33394170 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RNA was extracted from 'Hugh Dickson' rose leaves displaying virus-like symptoms in Maryland, USA. Using high-throughput sequencing, we identified a new virus, tentatively named "rose virus R". This virus has a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome and exhibits genomic features of a rhabdovirus, including a genome organization of 3'-N-P-P3-M-G-P6-L-5' and a gene junction region consensus sequence 3'-AUUUAUUUUGACUCUA-5'. Rose virus R is phylogenetically related to cytorhabdoviruses, and the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of rose virus R and related cytorhabdoviruses have diverged considerably, suggesting that rose virus R should be classified as a member of a novel species in the genus Cytorhabdovirus.
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Thekke-Veetil T, Lagos-Kutz D, McCoppin NK, Hartman GL, Ju HK, Lim HS, Domier LL. Soybean Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Harbor Highly Diverse Populations of Arthropod, Fungal and Plant Viruses. Viruses 2020; 12:E1376. [PMID: 33271916 PMCID: PMC7761488 DOI: 10.3390/v12121376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean thrips (Neohydatothrips variabilis) are one of the most efficient vectors of soybean vein necrosis virus, which can cause severe necrotic symptoms in sensitive soybean plants. To determine which other viruses are associated with soybean thrips, the metatranscriptome of soybean thrips, collected by the Midwest Suction Trap Network during 2018, was analyzed. Contigs assembled from the data revealed a remarkable diversity of virus-like sequences. Of the 181 virus-like sequences identified, 155 were novel and associated primarily with taxa of arthropod-infecting viruses, but sequences similar to plant and fungus-infecting viruses were also identified. The novel viruses were predicted to have positive-sense RNA, negative-stranded RNA, double-stranded RNA, and single-stranded DNA genomes. The assembled sequences included 100 contigs that represented at least 95% coverage of a virus genome or genome segment. Sequences represented 12 previously described arthropod viruses including eight viruses reported from Hubei Province in China, and 12 plant virus sequences of which six have been previously described. The presence of diverse populations of plant viruses within soybean thrips suggests they feed on and acquire viruses from multiple host plant species that could be transmitted to soybean. Assessment of the virome of soybean thrips provides, for the first time, information on the diversity of viruses present in thrips.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doris Lagos-Kutz
- Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology, and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (D.L.-K.); (N.K.M.); (G.L.H.)
| | - Nancy K. McCoppin
- Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology, and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (D.L.-K.); (N.K.M.); (G.L.H.)
| | - Glen L. Hartman
- Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology, and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (D.L.-K.); (N.K.M.); (G.L.H.)
| | - Hye-Kyoung Ju
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 300-010, Korea; (H.-K.J.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 300-010, Korea; (H.-K.J.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Leslie. L. Domier
- Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology, and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (D.L.-K.); (N.K.M.); (G.L.H.)
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40
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Morozov SY, Lazareva EA, Solovyev AG. Sequence Relationships of RNA Helicases and Other Proteins Encoded by Blunervirus RNAs Highlight Recombinant Evolutionary Origin of Kitaviral Genomes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:561092. [PMID: 33193144 PMCID: PMC7658314 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.561092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Y Morozov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Lazareva
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
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Bejerman N, Debat H, Dietzgen RG. The Plant Negative-Sense RNA Virosphere: Virus Discovery Through New Eyes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:588427. [PMID: 33042103 PMCID: PMC7524893 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.588427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) for virus diagnostics, as well as the importance of this technology as a valuable tool for discovery of novel viruses has been extensively investigated. In this review, we consider the application of HTS approaches to uncover novel plant viruses with a focus on the negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virosphere. Plant viruses with negative-sense and ambisense RNA (NSR) genomes belong to several taxonomic families, including Rhabdoviridae, Aspiviridae, Fimoviridae, Tospoviridae, and Phenuiviridae. They include both emergent pathogens that infect a wide range of plant species, and potential endophytes which appear not to induce any visible symptoms. As a consequence of biased sampling based on a narrow focus on crops with disease symptoms, the number of NSR plant viruses identified so far represents only a fraction of this type of viruses present in the virosphere. Detection and molecular characterization of NSR viruses has often been challenging, but the widespread implementation of HTS has facilitated not only the identification but also the characterization of the genomic sequences of at least 70 NSR plant viruses in the last 7 years. Moreover, continuing advances in HTS technologies and bioinformatic pipelines, concomitant with a significant cost reduction has led to its use as a routine method of choice, supporting the foundations of a diverse array of novel applications such as quarantine analysis of traded plant materials and genetic resources, virus detection in insect vectors, analysis of virus communities in individual plants, and assessment of virus evolution through ecogenomics, among others. The insights from these advancements are shedding new light on the extensive diversity of NSR plant viruses and their complex evolution, and provide an essential framework for improved taxonomic classification of plant NSR viruses as part of the realm Riboviria. Thus, HTS-based methods for virus discovery, our ‘new eyes,’ are unraveling in real time the richness and magnitude of the plant RNA virosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Bejerman
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal - Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Humberto Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal - Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Pinheiro-Lima B, Pereira-Carvalho RC, Alves-Freitas DMT, Kitajima EW, Vidal AH, Lacorte C, Godinho MT, Fontenele RS, Faria JC, Abreu EFM, Varsani A, Ribeiro SG, Melo FL. Transmission of the Bean-Associated Cytorhabdovirus by the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci MEAM1. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091028. [PMID: 32942623 PMCID: PMC7551397 DOI: 10.3390/v12091028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of genomic data of new plant viruses is increasing exponentially; however, some aspects of their biology, such as vectors and host range, remain mostly unknown. This information is crucial for the understanding of virus–plant interactions, control strategies, and mechanisms to prevent outbreaks. Typically, rhabdoviruses infect monocot and dicot plants and are vectored in nature by hemipteran sap-sucking insects, including aphids, leafhoppers, and planthoppers. However, several strains of a potentially whitefly-transmitted virus, papaya cytorhabdovirus, were recently described: (i) bean-associated cytorhabdovirus (BaCV) in Brazil, (ii) papaya virus E (PpVE) in Ecuador, and (iii) citrus-associated rhabdovirus (CiaRV) in China. Here, we examine the potential of the Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) to transmit BaCV, its morphological and cytopathological characteristics, and assess the incidence of BaCV across bean producing areas in Brazil. Our results show that BaCV is efficiently transmitted, in experimental conditions, by B. tabaci MEAM1 to bean cultivars, and with lower efficiency to cowpea and soybean. Moreover, we detected BaCV RNA in viruliferous whiteflies but we were unable to visualize viral particles or viroplasm in the whitefly tissues. BaCV could not be singly isolated for pathogenicity tests, identification of the induced symptoms, and the transmission assay. BaCV was detected in five out of the seven states in Brazil included in our study, suggesting that it is widely distributed throughout bean producing areas in the country. This is the first report of a whitefly-transmitted rhabdovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Pinheiro-Lima
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília DF 70770-017, Brazil; (B.P.-L.); (D.M.T.A.-F.); (A.H.V.); (C.L.); (M.T.G.); (E.F.M.A.)
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília DF 70275-970, Brazil;
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília DF 70275-970, Brazil
| | - Rita C. Pereira-Carvalho
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília DF 70275-970, Brazil;
| | - Dione M. T. Alves-Freitas
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília DF 70770-017, Brazil; (B.P.-L.); (D.M.T.A.-F.); (A.H.V.); (C.L.); (M.T.G.); (E.F.M.A.)
| | - Elliot W. Kitajima
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba SP 13418-900, Brazil;
| | - Andreza H. Vidal
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília DF 70770-017, Brazil; (B.P.-L.); (D.M.T.A.-F.); (A.H.V.); (C.L.); (M.T.G.); (E.F.M.A.)
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília DF 70275-970, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Lacorte
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília DF 70770-017, Brazil; (B.P.-L.); (D.M.T.A.-F.); (A.H.V.); (C.L.); (M.T.G.); (E.F.M.A.)
| | - Marcio T. Godinho
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília DF 70770-017, Brazil; (B.P.-L.); (D.M.T.A.-F.); (A.H.V.); (C.L.); (M.T.G.); (E.F.M.A.)
| | - Rafaela S. Fontenele
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (R.S.F.); (A.V.)
| | | | - Emanuel F. M. Abreu
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília DF 70770-017, Brazil; (B.P.-L.); (D.M.T.A.-F.); (A.H.V.); (C.L.); (M.T.G.); (E.F.M.A.)
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (R.S.F.); (A.V.)
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
| | - Simone G. Ribeiro
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília DF 70770-017, Brazil; (B.P.-L.); (D.M.T.A.-F.); (A.H.V.); (C.L.); (M.T.G.); (E.F.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.R.); (F.L.M.)
| | - Fernando L. Melo
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília DF 70275-970, Brazil;
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília DF 70275-970, Brazil
- Correspondence: (S.G.R.); (F.L.M.)
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Herath V, Romay G, Urrutia CD, Verchot J. Family Level Phylogenies Reveal Relationships of Plant Viruses within the Order Bunyavirales. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091010. [PMID: 32927652 PMCID: PMC7551631 DOI: 10.3390/v12091010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bunyavirales are negative-sense segmented RNA viruses infecting arthropods, protozoans, plants, and animals. This study examines the phylogenetic relationships of plant viruses within this order, many of which are recently classified species. Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), precursor glycoprotein (preGP), the nucleocapsid (N) proteins point toward common progenitor viruses. The RdRp of Fimoviridae and Tospoviridae show a close evolutional relationship while the preGP of Fimoviridae and Phenuiviridae show a closed relationship. The N proteins of Fimoviridae were closer to the Phasmaviridae, the Tospoviridae were close to some Phenuiviridae members and the Peribunyaviridae. The plant viral movement proteins of species within the Tospoviridae and Phenuiviridae were more closely related to each other than to members of the Fimoviridae. Interestingly, distal ends of 3′ and 5′ untranslated regions of species within the Fimoviridae shared similarity to arthropod and vertebrate infecting members of the Cruliviridae and Peribunyaviridae compared to other plant virus families. Co-phylogeny analysis of the plant infecting viruses indicates that duplication and host switching were more common than co-divergence with a host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venura Herath
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77802, USA; (V.H.); (G.R.); (C.D.U.)
- Department of Agriculture Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Gustavo Romay
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77802, USA; (V.H.); (G.R.); (C.D.U.)
| | - Cesar D. Urrutia
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77802, USA; (V.H.); (G.R.); (C.D.U.)
| | - Jeanmarie Verchot
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77802, USA; (V.H.); (G.R.); (C.D.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-845-1788
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Molecular characterization of a novel cytorhabdovirus associated with paper mulberry mosaic disease. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2703-2707. [PMID: 32851432 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel cytorhabdovirus, tentatively named "paper mulberry mosaic-associated virus" (PMuMaV), was discovered and identified by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq), and RT-PCR amplification. The whole-genome sequence of PMuMaV is 13,736 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains six open reading frames (ORFs) encoding a nucleocapsid protein (N), a phosphoprotein (P), a putative movement protein (P3), a matrix protein (M), a glycoprotein (G), and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L). The coding sequences are flanked by a 194-nt leader and a 370-nt trailer sequence at the 3' terminus and 5' terminus, respectively. Pairwise sequence comparisons showed that PMuMaV is related to northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV, 38.97%), barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV, 38.86%), and maize yellow striate virus (MYSV, 38.76%), and phylogenetic analysis also placed these viruses together into the same branch, thus suggesting that PMuMaV is a member of a new species in the genus Cytorhabdovirus.
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45
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Dolja VV, Krupovic M, Koonin EV. Deep Roots and Splendid Boughs of the Global Plant Virome. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 58:23-53. [PMID: 32459570 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-030320-041346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Land plants host a vast and diverse virome that is dominated by RNA viruses, with major additional contributions from reverse-transcribing and single-stranded (ss) DNA viruses. Here, we introduce the recently adopted comprehensive taxonomy of viruses based on phylogenomic analyses, as applied to the plant virome. We further trace the evolutionary ancestry of distinct plant virus lineages to primordial genetic mobile elements. We discuss the growing evidence of the pivotal role of horizontal virus transfer from invertebrates to plants during the terrestrialization of these organisms, which was enabled by the evolution of close ecological associations between these diverse organisms. It is our hope that the emerging big picture of the formation and global architecture of the plant virome will be of broad interest to plant biologists and virologists alike and will stimulate ever deeper inquiry into the fascinating field of virus-plant coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerian V Dolja
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2902, USA;
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Archaeal Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
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Orfanidou CG, Beta C, Reynard JS, Tsiolakis G, Katis NI, Maliogka VI. Identification, molecular characterization and prevalence of a novel cytorhabdovirus infecting zucchini crops in Greece. Virus Res 2020; 287:198095. [PMID: 32735997 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A new cytorhabdovirus was identified in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) in Greece with the aid of high-throughput sequencing technology. The negative-sense, single-stranded genomic RNA of the new virus was determined and includes seven open reading frames in the order 3'-N-P-P3-P4-M-G-L-5' in the antigenomic orientation. Typical rhabdovirus-like particles were observed in infected leaf material. Comparative sequence analysis and phylogenetic reconstructions suggested that the described virus is a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, and it was tentatively named cucurbit cytorhabdovirus 1 (CuCV1). To our knowledge CuCV1 is the first cytorhabdovirus infecting cucurbits in nature. Our surveys indicated that it occurs in a percentage of 36.7 % in zucchini crops in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Orfanidou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Beta
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - J-S Reynard
- Laboratory of Virology, Agroscope, Route de Duillier 50, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - G Tsiolakis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N I Katis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V I Maliogka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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47
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Wang H, Liu Y, Mo L, Huo C, Wang Z, Zhong P, Jia D, Zhang X, Chen Q, Chen H, Wei T. A Neuron-Specific Antiviral Mechanism Modulates the Persistent Infection of Rice Rhabdoviruses in Leafhopper Vectors. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:513. [PMID: 32362876 PMCID: PMC7180231 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant rhabdoviruses are neurotropic and can persistently infect the central nervous system (CNS) of their insect vectors without causing significant cytopathology. The mechanisms by which the insect CNS resists infection by plant rhabdoviruses are largely unknown. Here, we report that the neural factor Hikaru genki homolog of the leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps (NcHig) limits the spread of the nucleorhabdovirus rice yellow stunt virus (RYSV) in vector CNS. NcHig is predominantly expressed in the CNS of N. cincticeps, and the knockdown of NcHig expression by RNA interference enhances RYSV infection of the CNS. Furthermore, immuno-blockade of NcHig function by microinjection of N. cincticeps with NcHig antibody also enhances viral infection of the CNS. Thus, we conclude that the neuron-specific factor NcHig can control RYSV propagation in the CNS. Interestingly, we find the Hig homolog of the leafhopper Recilia dorsalis also has antiviral activity during the persistent infection of the cytorhabdovirus rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV) in vector CNS. We further determine that RYSV and RSMV matrix proteins specifically interact with the complement control protein (CCP) domains of Higs. Thus, the matrix protein-binding ability of Hig is potentially essential for its antiviral activity in rice leafhoppers. Our results demonstrate an evolutionarily conserved antiviral mechanism for Hig to mediate the persistent infection of rice rhabdoviruses in the CNS of leafhopper vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lining Mo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Huo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ziyao Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Panpan Zhong
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Jia
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Kondo H, Fujita M, Hisano H, Hyodo K, Andika IB, Suzuki N. Virome Analysis of Aphid Populations That Infest the Barley Field: The Discovery of Two Novel Groups of Nege/Kita-Like Viruses and Other Novel RNA Viruses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:509. [PMID: 32318034 PMCID: PMC7154061 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphids (order Hemiptera) are important insect pests of crops and are also vectors of many plant viruses. However, little is known about aphid-infecting viruses, particularly their diversity and relationship to plant viruses. To investigate the aphid viromes, we performed deep sequencing analyses of the aphid transcriptomes from infested barley plants in a field in Japan. We discovered virus-like sequences related to nege/kita-, flavi-, tombus-, phenui-, mononega-, narna-, chryso-, partiti-, and luteoviruses. Using RT-PCR and sequence analyses, we determined almost complete sequences of seven nege/kitavirus-like virus genomes; one of which was a variant of the Wuhan house centipede virus (WHCV-1). The other six seem to belong to four novel viruses distantly related to Wuhan insect virus 9 (WhIV-9) or Hubei nege-like virus 4 (HVLV-4). We designated the four viruses as barley aphid RNA virus 1 to 4 (BARV-1 to -4). Moreover, some nege/kitavirus-like sequences were found by searches on the transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) libraries of arthropods and plants. Phylogenetic analyses showed that BARV-1 forms a clade with WHCV-1 and HVLV-4, whereas BARV-2 to -4 clustered with WhIV-9 and an aphid virus, Aphis glycines virus 3. Both virus groups (tentatively designated as Centivirus and Aphiglyvirus, respectively), together with arthropod virus-like TSAs, fill the phylogenetic gaps between the negeviruses and kitaviruses lineages. We also characterized the flavi/jingmen-like and tombus-like virus sequences as well as other RNA viruses, including six putative novel viruses, designated as barley aphid RNA viruses 5 to 10. Interestingly, we also discovered that some aphid-associated viruses, including nege/kita-like viruses, were present in different aphid species, raising a speculation that these viruses might be distributed across different aphid species with plants being the reservoirs. This study provides novel information on the diversity and spread of nege/kitavirus-related viruses and other RNA viruses that are associated with aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Miki Fujita
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hisano
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Hyodo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ida Bagus Andika
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
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49
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Dietzgen RG, Bejerman NE, Goodin MM, Higgins CM, Huot OB, Kondo H, Martin KM, Whitfield AE. Diversity and epidemiology of plant rhabdoviruses. Virus Res 2020; 281:197942. [PMID: 32201209 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant rhabdoviruses are recognized by their large bacilliform particles and for being able to replicate in both their plant hosts and arthropod vectors. This review highlights selected, better studied examples of plant rhabdoviruses, their genetic diversity, epidemiology and interactions with plant hosts and arthropod vectors: Alfalfa dwarf virus is classified as a cytorhabdovirus, but its multifunctional phosphoprotein is localized to the plant cell nucleus. Lettuce necrotic yellows virus subtypes may differentially interact with their aphid vectors leading to changes in virus population diversity. Interactions of rhabdoviruses that infect rice, maize and other grains are tightly associated with their specific leafhopper and planthopper vectors. Future outbreaks of vector-borne nucleorhabdoviruses may be predicted based on a world distribution map of the insect vectors. The epidemiology of coffee ringspot virus and its Brevipalpus mite vector is illustrated highlighting the symptomatology and biology of a dichorhavirus and potential impacts of climate change on its epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Nicolas E Bejerman
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), X5020ICA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Michael M Goodin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Colleen M Higgins
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ordom B Huot
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Kathleen M Martin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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50
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German TL, Lorenzen MD, Grubbs N, Whitfield AE. New Technologies for Studying Negative-Strand RNA Viruses in Plant and Arthropod Hosts. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:382-393. [PMID: 31914364 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-19-0281-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant viruses in the phylum Negarnaviricota, orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales, have common features of single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genomes and replication in the biological vector. Due to the similarities in biology, comparative functional analysis in plant and vector hosts is helpful for understanding host-virus interactions for negative-strand RNA viruses. In this review, we will highlight recent technological advances that are breaking new ground in the study of these recalcitrant virus systems. The development of infectious clones for plant rhabdoviruses and bunyaviruses is enabling unprecedented examination of gene function in plants and these advances are also being transferred to study virus biology in the vector. In addition, genome and transcriptome projects for critical nonmodel arthropods has enabled characterization of insect response to viruses and identification of interacting proteins. Functional analysis of genes using genome editing will provide future pathways for further study of the transmission cycle and new control strategies for these viruses and their vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L German
- Departments of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Marcé D Lorenzen
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
| | - Nathaniel Grubbs
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
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