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Tandecka K, Kacalak W, Wieczorowski M, Rokosz K, Chapon P, Mathia TG. Ultrathin Carbon Textures Produced on Machined Surfaces in an Integrated Finishing Process Using Microabrasive Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3456. [PMID: 39063744 PMCID: PMC11277786 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This study presents research into the unique method of depositing carbon layers onto processed surfaces, during finishing with abrasive films, on a global basis. The authors of this article are holders of the patent for this method. What makes this technology outstanding is that it integrates processes, whereby micro-finishing and the deposition of a carbon layer onto freshly exposed surface fragments is achieved simultaneously, in a single process. Among the main advantages accruable from this process is the reduction of surface irregularities, while the deposition of a carbon layer is achieved simultaneously. Ultrathin graphite layers can be widely used in conditions where other methods of reducing the coefficient of friction are not possible, such as in regard to micromechanisms. This article illustrates the application of carbon coating, end on, on a surface processed with abrasive film, containing intergranular spaces, saturated with graphite. Thin carbon layers were obtained on two substrates that did not contain carbon in their initial composition: soda-lime glass and a tin-bronze alloy. It was performed through microscopic examinations of the produced surface, roughness analyses of these surfaces, and analysis of the chemical compositions determined by two methods, namely EDS and GDOES, proving the existence of the coatings. The aim of this paper is to prove the possibility and efficiency of using graphite-impregnated lapping films in the deposition process of carbon films, with improved surface smoothness, durability, and wear resistance. The produced coatings will be tested in regard to their operational properties in further research. The authors underline the potential of this method to revolutionize surface treatment processes, due to the significant advantages it offers across various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Tandecka
- Department of Engineering and Informatics Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Energy, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Kacalak
- Department of Engineering and Informatics Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Energy, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland;
| | - Michał Wieczorowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Applied Mechanics, Poznan University of Technology, 3 Piotrowo St., 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Rokosz
- Faculty of Electronics and Computer Science, Koszalin University of Technology, Sniadeckich 2, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland;
| | - Patrick Chapon
- HORIBA Scientific, 14 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, Pass. Jobin-Yvon, 91120 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Thomas G. Mathia
- Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systemes (LTDS), Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 69134 Lyon, France
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Chu Z, Xu B, Liang J. Direct Application of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) for Integrated Circuits (ICs) Interconnection: Challenges and Developments. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2791. [PMID: 37887942 PMCID: PMC10609618 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous shrinkage of integrated circuit (IC) dimensions, traditional copper interconnect technology is gradually unable to meet the requirements for performance improvement. Carbon nanotubes have gained widespread attention and research as a potential alternative to copper, due to their excellent electrical and mechanical properties. Among various methods for producing carbon nanotubes, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, low cost, and simple reaction operations, making it the most promising approach to achieve compatibility with integrated circuit manufacturing processes. Combined with through silicon via (TSV), direct application of CVD-grown carbon nanotubes in IC interconnects can be achieved. In this article, based on the above background, we focus on discussing some of the main challenges and developments in the application of CVD-grown carbon nanotubes in IC interconnects, including low-temperature CVD, metallicity enrichment, and contact resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbang Chu
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Baohui Xu
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jie Liang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China
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Hartl H, MacLeod J, O'Mullane AP, Motta N, Ostrikov KK. Multiscale Plasma-Catalytic On-Surface Assembly. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903184. [PMID: 31433111 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlled modification of surfaces is one of the key pursuits of the nanoscience and nanotechnology fields, allowing for the fabrication of bespoke materials with targeted functionalities. However, many surface modifications currently require painstakingly precise and/or energy intensive processing to implement, and are thus limited in scope and scale. Here, a concept which can enhance the capacity for control of surfaces is introduced: plasma-assisted nucleation and self-assembly at atomic to nanoscales, scalable at atmospheric pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Hartl
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Jennifer MacLeod
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Nunzio Motta
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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Linklater DP, Juodkazis S, Ivanova EP. Nanofabrication of mechano-bactericidal surfaces. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16564-16585. [PMID: 29082999 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05881k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The search for alternatives to the standard methods of preventing bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic surfaces alike has led to the use of biomimetics to reinvent through nanofabrication methods, surfaces, whereby the nanostructured topography is directly responsible for bacterial inactivation through physico-mechanical means. Plant leaves, insect wings, and animal skin have been used to inspire the fabrication of synthetic high-aspect-ratio nanopillared surfaces, which can resist bacterial colonisation. The adaptation of bacteria to survive in the presence of antibiotics and their ability to form biofilms on conventional antibacterial surfaces has led to an increase in persistent infections caused by resistant strains of bacteria. This presents a worldwide health epidemic that can only be mitigated through the search for a new generation of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denver P Linklater
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
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Neyts EC, Ostrikov K(K, Sunkara MK, Bogaerts A. Plasma Catalysis: Synergistic Effects at the Nanoscale. Chem Rev 2015; 115:13408-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik C. Neyts
- Department
of Chemistry, Research Group PLASMANT, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein
1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
- Institute
for Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical
Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- Plasma
Nanoscience Laboratories, Manufacturing Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia
| | - Mahendra K. Sunkara
- Conn
Center for Renewable Energy Research and Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Department
of Chemistry, Research Group PLASMANT, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein
1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
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Page AJ, Ding F, Irle S, Morokuma K. Insights into carbon nanotube and graphene formation mechanisms from molecular simulations: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2015; 78:036501. [PMID: 25746411 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/78/3/036501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene over the last two decades has heralded a new era in physics, chemistry and nanotechnology. During this time, intense efforts have been made towards understanding the atomic-scale mechanisms by which these remarkable nanostructures grow. Molecular simulations have made significant contributions in this regard; indeed, they are responsible for many of the key discoveries and advancements towards this goal. Here we review molecular simulations of CNT and graphene growth, and in doing so we highlight the many invaluable insights gained from molecular simulations into these complex nanoscale self-assembly processes. This review highlights an often-overlooked aspect of CNT and graphene formation-that the two processes, although seldom discussed in the same terms, are in fact remarkably similar. Both can be viewed as a 0D → 1D → 2D transformation, which converts carbon atoms (0D) to polyyne chains (1D) to a complete sp(2)-carbon network (2D). The difference in the final structure (CNT or graphene) is determined only by the curvature of the catalyst and the strength of the carbon-metal interaction. We conclude our review by summarizing the present shortcomings of CNT/graphene growth simulations, and future challenges to this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Page
- Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
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Lebedeva IV, Chamberlain TW, Popov AM, Knizhnik AA, Zoberbier T, Biskupek J, Kaiser U, Khlobystov AN. The atomistic mechanism of carbon nanotube cutting catalyzed by nickel under an electron beam. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14877-14890. [PMID: 25363681 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The cutting of single-walled carbon nanotubes by an 80 keV electron beam catalyzed by nickel clusters is imaged in situ using aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations within the CompuTEM approach provide insight into the mechanism of this process and demonstrate that the combination of irradiation and the nickel catalyst is crucial for the cutting process to take place. The atomistic mechanism of cutting is revealed by a detailed analysis of irradiation-induced reactions of bond reorganization and atom ejection in the vicinity of the nickel cluster, showing a highly complex interplay of different chemical transformations catalysed by the metal cluster. One of the most prevalent pathways includes three consecutive stages: formation of polyyne carbon chains from the carbon nanotube, dissociation of the carbon chains into single and pairs of adatoms adsorbed on the nickel cluster, and ejection of these adatoms leading to the cutting of the nanotube. Significant variations in the atom ejection rate are discovered depending on the process stage and nanotube diameter. The revealed mechanism and kinetic characteristics of the cutting process provide fundamental knowledge for the development of new methodologies for control and manipulation of carbon structures at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Lebedeva
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF Scientific Development Centre, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastian E-20018, Spain.
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