1
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Tang SY. Metal Effect on Cationic [Cp 2MH] + (M = Group 4 and 5)-Mediated CO 2 Hydrogenation in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7094-7100. [PMID: 37595129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Effective CO2 hydrogenation has recently attracted quite some attention for producing more valuable chemical oxygenates (such as methanol, formate) in mild conditions. However, the influence of the metal center on the CO2 activation remains unclear. First, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to explore the direct CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid mediated by [Cp2MH]+ (M = Zr, Hf) in the gas phase at room temperature. The key formate intermediate [Cp2M(O2CH)]+ (M = Zr, Hf) was confirmed by traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS). Second, to gain insights into the metal effect, the CO2 hydrogenation process involving Group 4 (i.e., Ti, Zr, Hf) transition metals was calculated along with Group 5 (i.e., V, Nb, Ta) by density functional theory (DFT) methods. The CO2 insertion process was found to be the rate-limiting step. For [Cp2TiH]+, [Cp2ZrH]+, [Cp2HfH]+, [Cp2VH]+, [Cp2NbH]+, and [Cp2TaH]+, the barriers are +7.7, +6.5, +5.9, +9.2, +8.0, and +6.3 kcal/mol, respectively. [Cp2HfH]+-mediated CO2 hydrogenation occurs the most rapidly, as revealed by MS. According to the orbital analysis on the CO2 insertion transition state, the electron-deficient metal center resulting in a low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) could interact more favorably with the π bond of deformed CO2, which was also consistent with the natural bond orbital (NBO) results. Last but not the least, NBO charges on the metal centers were found to correlate linearly well with the CO2 insertion barriers rather than hydride affinity. Thus, the reactivity of different metal hydride complexes with CO2 to produce a formate could be estimated by the NBO charge on metals. Our findings might provide a series of candidates for the catalyst as well as guidance for catalyst design in mild CO2 hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ya Tang
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, P. R. China
- SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Plasma Technology, Qingdao 266000, P. R. China
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2
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Theoretical perspective on mononuclear copper-oxygen mediated C–H and O–H activations: A comparison between biological and synthetic systems. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Lloyd Williams OH, Rijs NJ. Reaction Monitoring and Structural Characterisation of Coordination Driven Self-Assembled Systems by Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. Front Chem 2021; 9:682743. [PMID: 34169059 PMCID: PMC8217442 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.682743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature creates exquisite molecular assemblies, required for the molecular-level functions of life, via self-assembly. Understanding and harnessing these complex processes presents an immense opportunity for the design and fabrication of advanced functional materials. However, the significant industrial potential of self-assembly to fabricate highly functional materials is hampered by a lack of knowledge of critical reaction intermediates, mechanisms, and kinetics. As we move beyond the covalent synthetic regime, into the domain of non-covalent interactions occupied by self-assembly, harnessing and embracing complexity is a must, and non-targeted analyses of dynamic systems are becoming increasingly important. Coordination driven self-assembly is an important subtype of self-assembly that presents several wicked analytical challenges. These challenges are "wicked" due the very complexity desired confounding the analysis of products, intermediates, and pathways, therefore limiting reaction optimisation, tuning, and ultimately, utility. Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry solves many of the most challenging analytical problems in separating and analysing the structure of both simple and complex species formed via coordination driven self-assembly. Thus, due to the emerging importance of ion mobility mass spectrometry as an analytical technique tackling complex systems, this review highlights exciting recent applications. These include equilibrium monitoring, structural and dynamic analysis of previously analytically inaccessible complex interlinked structures and the process of self-sorting. The vast and largely untapped potential of ion mobility mass spectrometry to coordination driven self-assembly is yet to be fully realised. Therefore, we also propose where current analytical approaches can be built upon to allow for greater insight into the complexity and structural dynamics involved in self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole J. Rijs
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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4
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Larson VA, Battistella B, Ray K, Lehnert N, Nam W. Iron and manganese oxo complexes, oxo wall and beyond. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:404-419. [PMID: 37127969 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High-valent metal-oxo species with multiply-bonded M-O groups have been proposed as key intermediates in many biological and abiological catalytic oxidation reactions. These intermediates are implicated as active oxidants in alkane hydroxylation, olefin epoxidation and other oxidation reactions. For example, [FeivO(porphyrinato•-)]+ cofactors bearing π-radical porphyrinato•- ligands oxidize organic substrates in cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are common to many life forms. Likewise, high-valent Mn-oxo species are active for H2O oxidation in photosystem II. The chemistry of these native reactive species has inspired chemists to prepare highly oxidized transition-metal complexes as functional mimics. Although many synthetic Fe-O and Mn-O complexes now exist, the analogous oxo complexes of the late transition metals (groups 9-11) are rare. Indeed, late-transition-metal-oxo complexes of tetragonal (fourfold) symmetry should be electronically unstable, a rule commonly referred to as the 'oxo wall'. A few late metal-oxos have been prepared by targeting other symmetries or unusual spin states. These complexes have been studied using spectroscopic and theoretical methods. This Review describes mononuclear non-haem Fe-O and Mn-O species, the nature of the oxo wall and recent advances in the preparation of oxo complexes of Co, Ni and Cu beyond the oxo wall.
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5
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Paul M, Detmar E, Schlangen M, Breugst M, Neudörfl JM, Schwarz H, Berkessel A, Schäfer M. Intermediates of N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Dimerization Probed in the Gas Phase by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry: C-H⋅⋅⋅:C Hydrogen Bonding Versus Covalent Dimer Formation. Chemistry 2019; 25:2511-2518. [PMID: 30488654 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs, :C) can interact with azolium salts (C-H+ ) by either forming a hydrogen-bonded aggregate (CHC+ ) or a covalent C-C bond (CCH+ ). In this study, the intramolecular NHC-azolium salt interactions of aromatic imidazolin-2-ylidenes and saturated imidazolidin-2-ylidenes have been investigated in the gas phase by traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TW IMS) and DFT calculations. The TW IMS experiments provided evidence for the formation of these important intermediates in the gas phase, and they identified the predominant aggregation mode (hydrogen bond vs. covalent C-C) as a function of the nature of the interacting carbene-azolium pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eric Detmar
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Breugst
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
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6
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Schwarz H, Asmis KR. Identification of Active Sites and Structural Characterization of Reactive Ionic Intermediates by Cryogenic Ion Trap Vibrational Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2019; 25:2112-2126. [PMID: 30623993 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cryogenic ion trap vibrational spectroscopy paired with quantum chemistry currently represents the most generally applicable approach for the structural investigation of gaseous cluster ions that are not amenable to direct absorption spectroscopy. Here, we give an overview of the most popular variants of infrared action spectroscopy and describe the advantages of using cryogenic ion traps in combination with messenger tagging and vibrational predissociation spectroscopy. We then highlight a few recent studies that apply this technique to identify highly reactive ionic intermediates and to characterize their reactive sites. We conclude by commenting on future challenges and potential developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut R Asmis
- Wilhelm-Ostwald Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Yue L, Wang N, Zhou S, Sun X, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Elektrisches Feld als “smarter” Ligandenersatz zur kontrollierten thermischen Aktivierung von Methan und molekularem Wasserstoff. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Na Wang
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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8
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Yue L, Wang N, Zhou S, Sun X, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. The Electric Field as a “Smart” Ligand in Controlling the Thermal Activation of Methane and Molecular Hydrogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14635-14639. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Na Wang
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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9
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Iacobucci C, Reale S, Aschi M, Oomens J, Berden G, De Angelis F. An Unprecedented Retro-Mumm Rearrangement Revealed by ESI-MS/MS, IRMPD Spectroscopy, and DFT Calculations. Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Iacobucci
- Current address: Institute of Pharmacy; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche; Università degli Studi dell'Aquila; Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila Italy
| | - Samantha Reale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche; Università degli Studi dell'Aquila; Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila Italy
| | - Massimiliano Aschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche; Università degli Studi dell'Aquila; Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila Italy
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University Nijmegen; Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory; Toernooiveld 7c 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University Nijmegen; Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory; Toernooiveld 7c 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Francesco De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche; Università degli Studi dell'Aquila; Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila Italy
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10
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Zhang LL, Wang XY, Jiang KY, Zhao BY, Yan HM, Zhang XY, Zhang ZX, Guo Z, Che CM. A theoretical study on the oxidation of alkenes to aldehydes catalyzed by ruthenium porphyrins using O 2 as the sole oxidant. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5286-5297. [PMID: 29569676 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00614h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to study the ruthenium porphyrin-catalyzed oxidation of styrene to generate an aldehyde. The results indicate that two reactive oxidants, dioxoruthenium and monooxoruthenium-superoxo porphyrins, participate in the catalytic oxidation. In the mechanism, the resultant monooxoruthenium porphyrin acts in the tandem epoxide isomerization (E-I) to selectively yield an aldehyde and generate a dioxoruthenium porphyrin, thereby triggering new oxidation reaction cycles. In this calculation, several key elements responsible for the observed oxidative ability have been established by using Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, etc., which include the reaction energy, the spin exchange effect, the spin-state conversion process, and the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of the reactive oxidants. The comparative oxidative abilities of the ruthenium-oxo/superoxo compounds with different axial ligands are also investigated. The results suggest that the ruthenium-oxo/superoxo species featuring a chlorine axial ligand is more reactive than that substituted with oxygen. This tuneable reactivity can be understood when considering the different electronic characters of the two ligands and the effective atomic number rule (EAN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Zhang
- College of Material Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang-Yun Wang
- College of Material Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Kun-Yao Jiang
- College of Material Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Bing-Yuan Zhao
- College of Material Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Hui-Min Yan
- College of Material Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhang
- College of Material Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Zhu-Xia Zhang
- College of Material Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Guo
- College of Material Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
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11
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Dang A, Shaffer CJ, Bím D, Lawler J, Lesslie M, Ryzhov V, Tureček F. Near-UV Water Splitting by Cu, Ni, and Co Complexes in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:2069-2078. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Dang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Christopher J. Shaffer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Daniel Bím
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 117
20 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - John Lawler
- Department
of Chemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115-2828, United States
| | - Michael Lesslie
- Department
of Chemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115-2828, United States
| | - Victor Ryzhov
- Department
of Chemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115-2828, United States
| | - František Tureček
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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12
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Ligand Effects on the Reactivity of [CoX]+ (X = CN, F, Cl, Br, O, OH) Towards CO2: Gas-Phase Generation of the Elusive Cyanoformate by [Co(CN)]+ and [Fe(CN)]+. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-0903-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Debnath T, Ash T, Sarkar S, Das AK. Identification and characterization of intramolecular γ-halo interaction in d 0 complexes: a theoretical approach. J Mol Model 2017. [PMID: 28647872 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic investigation to detect intramolecular M⋯X-C type interactions in d0 neutral and cationic complexes was carried out through a benchmark study employing different density functional methods. As γ-halogen is involved in M⋯X-C type interactions, it is denoted as a γ-halo interaction and the respective conformers are designated as halo-conformers. By analyzing the geometrical parameters of halo-conformers, it was observed that, irrespective of the nature of the metal and the halogen, the Cγ-X bond distance increases compared to the usual C-X bond, which brings the M and X centers close enough to generate a weak interaction. Generation of the M⋯X-C interaction was confirmed by performing NBO, AIM and Wiberg bond index analyses, from which the persistence of γ-halo interaction was seen to be prominent. Moreover, for each neutral and cationic complex, the values of Wiberg bond order are in good agreement with the AIM results. The effect of the metal center, as well as γ-halogen substitution, on γ-halo interaction was also studied in the present work. To justify the practical subsistence of the halo-conformers, we checked the stability of the conformers with respect to their β-conformers by comparing the zero-point-corrected electronic energies. Therefore, the entire study was designed in such a way that it can provide evidence in support of intramolecular M⋯X-C interactions, where, instead of the C-H bond, the Cγ-X bond will interact with the central transition metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanay Debnath
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Tamalika Ash
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Subhendu Sarkar
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Abhijit K Das
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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14
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Yassaghi G, Andris E, Roithová J. Reactivity of Copper(III)-Oxo Complexes in the Gas Phase. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2217-2224. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Yassaghi
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8; 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Erik Andris
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8; 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8; 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
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15
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Firouzbakht M, Zhou S, González-Navarrete P, Schlangen M, Kaupp M, Schwarz H. Metal-Dependent Strengthening and Weakening of M−H and M−C Bonds by an Oxo Ligand: Thermal Gas-Phase Activation of Methane by [OMH]+
and [MH]+
(M=Mo, Ti). Chemistry 2017; 23:12346-12352. [PMID: 28548213 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Firouzbakht
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straβe des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straβe des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straβe des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straβe des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straβe des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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16
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Yue L, Li J, Zhou S, Sun X, Schlangen M, Shaik S, Schwarz H. Steuerung der Produktverteilung und der Mechanismen der thermischen Aktivierung von Methan durch Ligandeneffekte und elektrische Felder. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 Volksrepublik China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; 91904 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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17
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Yue L, Li J, Zhou S, Sun X, Schlangen M, Shaik S, Schwarz H. Control of Product Distribution and Mechanism by Ligation and Electric Field in the Thermal Activation of Methane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10219-10223. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 People's Republic of China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; 91904 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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18
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Schwarz H. Metal-mediated activation of carbon dioxide in the gas phase: Mechanistic insight derived from a combined experimental/computational approach. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Elwell CE, Gagnon NL, Neisen BD, Dhar D, Spaeth AD, Yee GM, Tolman WB. Copper-Oxygen Complexes Revisited: Structures, Spectroscopy, and Reactivity. Chem Rev 2017; 117:2059-2107. [PMID: 28103018 PMCID: PMC5963733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A longstanding research goal has been to understand the nature and role of copper-oxygen intermediates within copper-containing enzymes and abiological catalysts. Synthetic chemistry has played a pivotal role in highlighting the viability of proposed intermediates and expanding the library of known copper-oxygen cores. In addition to the number of new complexes that have been synthesized since the previous reviews on this topic in this journal (Mirica, L. M.; Ottenwaelder, X.; Stack, T. D. P. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 1013-1046 and Lewis, E. A.; Tolman, W. B. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 1047-1076), the field has seen significant expansion in the (1) range of cores synthesized and characterized, (2) amount of mechanistic work performed, particularly in the area of organic substrate oxidation, and (3) use of computational methods for both the corroboration and prediction of proposed intermediates. The scope of this review has been limited to well-characterized examples of copper-oxygen species but seeks to provide a thorough picture of the spectroscopic characteristics and reactivity trends of the copper-oxygen cores discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Elwell
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicole L Gagnon
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Benjamin D Neisen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Debanjan Dhar
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Andrew D Spaeth
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Gereon M Yee
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William B Tolman
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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20
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Dhar D, Yee GM, Markle TF, Mayer JM, Tolman WB. Reactivity of the copper(iii)-hydroxide unit with phenols. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1075-1085. [PMID: 28572905 PMCID: PMC5452261 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03039d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetic studies of the reactions of two previously characterized copper(iii)-hydroxide complexes (LCuOH and NO2 LCuOH, where L = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,6-pyridine-dicarboxamide and NO2 L = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropyl-4-nitrophenyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide) with a series of para substituted phenols (XArOH where X = NMe2, OMe, Me, H, Cl, NO2, or CF3) were performed using low temperature stopped-flow UV-vis spectroscopy. Second-order rate constants (k) were determined from pseudo first-order and stoichiometric experiments, and follow the trends CF3 < NO2 < Cl < H < Me < OMe < NMe2 and LCuOH < NO2 LCuOH. The data support a concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) mechanism for all but the most acidic phenols (X = NO2 and CF3), for which a more complicated mechanism is proposed. For the case of the reactions between NO2 ArOH and LCuOH in particular, competition between a CPET pathway and one involving initial proton transfer followed by electron transfer (PT/ET) is supported by multiwavelength global analysis of the kinetic data, formation of the phenoxide NO2 ArO- as a reaction product, observation of an intermediate [LCu(OH2)]+ species derived from proton transfer from NO2 ArOH to LCuOH, and thermodynamic arguments indicating that initial PT should be competitive with CPET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Dhar
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Metals in Biocatalysis , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE , Minneapolis , MN 55455 , USA .
| | - Gereon M Yee
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Metals in Biocatalysis , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE , Minneapolis , MN 55455 , USA .
| | - Todd F Markle
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , USA .
| | - James M Mayer
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , USA .
| | - William B Tolman
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Metals in Biocatalysis , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE , Minneapolis , MN 55455 , USA .
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21
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Mechanistic aspects of CO2 activation mediated by phenyl yttrium cation: A combined experimental/theoretical study. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Jiang YY, Man X, Bi S. Advances in theoretical study on transition-metal-catalyzed C−H activation. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Attia YA, Vázquez-Vázquez C, Blanco MC, Buceta D, López-Quintela MA. Gold nanorod synthesis catalysed by Au clusters. Faraday Discuss 2016; 191:205-213. [PMID: 27424869 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00015k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanorods have been successfully synthesized by the seed mediated method using Au clusters. This synthesis does not require silver ions to obtain large amounts of Au nanorods and has good control over their aspect ratio. Au clusters are produced with the same recipe as for Au seeds, but using shorter reaction times. This very simple scheme confirms the important catalytic influence of clusters in the anisotropic growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser A Attia
- Instituto de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas & Facultade de Química, Departamento de Química Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Firouzbakht M, Rijs NJ, González-Navarrete P, Schlangen M, Kaupp M, Schwarz H. On the Activation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide by [HTaO](+) and [TaOH](+) in the Gas Phase: A Mechanistic Study. Chemistry 2016; 22:10581-9. [PMID: 27356217 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The thermal reactions of [Ta,O,H](+) with methane and carbon dioxide have been investigated experimentally and theoretically by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) and density functional theory calculations. Although the activation of methane proceeds by liberation of H2 , the activation of CO2 gives rise to the formation of [OTa(OH)](+) under the elimination of CO. Computational studies of the reactions of methane and carbon dioxide with the two isomers of [Ta,O,H](+) , namely, [HTaO](+) and [Ta(OH)](+) , have been performed to elucidate mechanistic aspects and to explain characteristic reaction patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Firouzbakht
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universtät Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole J Rijs
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universtät Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universtät Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universtät Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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Rijs NJ, González-Navarrete P, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Penetrating the Elusive Mechanism of Copper-Mediated Fluoromethylation in the Presence of Oxygen through the Gas-Phase Reactivity of Well-Defined [LCuO](+) Complexes with Fluoromethanes (CH(4-n)Fn, n = 1-3). J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3125-35. [PMID: 26859159 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) isomer separation was exploited to react the particularly well-defined ionic species [LCuO](+) (L = 1,10-phenanthroline) with the neutral fluoromethane substrates CH(4-n)Fn (n = 1-3) in the gas phase. Experimentally, the monofluoromethane substrate (n = 1) undergoes both hydrogen-atom transfer, forming the copper hydroxide complex [LCuOH](•+) and concomitantly a CH2F(•) radical, and oxygen-atom transfer, yielding the observable ionic product [LCu](+) plus the neutral oxidized substrate [C,H3,O,F]. DFT calculations reveal that the mechanism for both product channels relies on the initial C-H bond activation of the substrate. Compared to nonfluorinated methane, the addition of fluorine to the substrate assists the reactivity through a lowering of the C-H bond energy and reaction preorganization (through noncovalent interaction in the encounter complex). A two-state reactivity scenario is mandatory for the oxidation, which competitively results in the unusual fluoromethanol product, CH2FOH, or the decomposed products, CH2O and HF, with the latter channel being kinetically disfavored. Difluoromethane (n = 2) is predicted to undergo the analogous reactions at room temperature, although the reactions are less favored than those of monofluoromethane. The reaction of trifluoromethane (n = 3, fluoroform) through C-H activation is kinetically hindered under ambient conditions but might be expected to occur in the condensed phase upon heating or with further lowering of reaction barriers through templation with counterions, such as potassium. Overall, formation of CH(3-n)Fn(•) and CH(3-n)FnOH occurs under relatively gentle energetic conditions, which sheds light on their potential as reactive intermediates in fluoromethylation reactions mediated by copper in the presence of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Rijs
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Dhar D, Yee GM, Spaeth AD, Boyce DW, Zhang H, Dereli B, Cramer CJ, Tolman WB. Perturbing the Copper(III)-Hydroxide Unit through Ligand Structural Variation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:356-68. [PMID: 26693733 PMCID: PMC4857600 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two new ligand sets, (pipMe)LH2 and (NO2)LH2 ((pipMe)L = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-methylpiperidine-2,6-dicarboxamide, (NO2)L = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropyl-4-nitrophenyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide), are reported which are designed to perturb the overall electronics of the copper(III)-hydroxide core and the resulting effects on the thermodynamics and kinetics of its hydrogen-atom abstraction (HAT) reactions. Bond dissociation energies (BDEs) for the O-H bonds of the corresponding Cu(II)-OH2 complexes were measured that reveal that changes in the redox potential for the Cu(III)/Cu(II) couple are only partially offset by opposite changes in the pKa, leading to modest differences in BDE among the three compounds. The effects of these changes were further probed by evaluating the rates of HAT by the corresponding Cu(III)-hydroxide complexes from substrates with C-H bonds of variable strength. These studies revealed an overarching linear trend in the relationship between the log k (where k is the second-order rate constant) and the ΔH of reaction. Additional subtleties in measured rates arise, however, that are associated with variations in hydrogen-atom abstraction barrier heights and tunneling efficiencies over the temperature range from -80 to -20 °C, as inferred from measured kinetic isotope effects and corresponding electronic-structure-based transition-state theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew D. Spaeth
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David W. Boyce
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Hongtu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Büsra Dereli
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William B. Tolman
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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27
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Tsybizova A, Roithová J. Copper-catalyzed reactions: Research in the gas phase. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:85-110. [PMID: 25975564 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is becoming an important tool for mechanistic studies in organic and organometallic chemistry. It allows investigation of reaction mixtures including monitoring of reactants, products, and intermediates, studying properties of the intermediates and their reactivity. Studying the reactive species in the gas phase can be advantageously combined with theoretical calculations. This review is focused on ESI-MS studies of copper-catalyzed reactions. Possible effects of the electrospray process on the transfer of the copper complexes to the gas phase are discussed. The plethora of mass spectrometric approaches is demonstrated on copper mediated C-H activations, cross coupling reactions, rearrangements, organocuprate chemistry, and other examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsybizova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science; Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science; Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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28
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Rijs NJ, Weiske T, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Effect of adduct formation with molecular nitrogen on the measured collisional cross sections of transition metal-1,10-phenanthroline complexes in traveling wave ion-mobility spectrometry: N2 is not always an "inert" buffer gas. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9769-76. [PMID: 26378338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The number of separations and analyses of molecular species using traveling wave ion-mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (TWIMS-MS) is increasing, including those extending the technique to analytes containing metal atoms. A critical aspect of such applications of TWIMS-MS is the validity of the collisional cross sections (CCSs) measured and whether they can be accurately calibrated against other ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) techniques. Many metal containing species have potential reactivity toward molecular nitrogen, which is present in high concentration in the typical Synapt-G2 TWIMS cell. Here, we analyze the effect of nitrogen on the drift time of a series of cationic 1,10-phenanthroline complexes of the late transition metals, [(phen)M](+), (M = Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, and Hg) in order to understand potential deviations from expected drift time behaviors. These metal complexes were chosen for their metal open-coordination site and lack of rotameric species. The target species were generated via electrospray ionization (ESI), analyzed using TWIMS in N2 drift gas, and the observed drift time trends compared. Theoretically derived CCSs for all species (via both the projection approximation and trajectory method) were also compared. The results show that, indeed, for metal containing species in this size regime, reaction with molecular nitrogen has a dramatic effect on measured drift times and must not be ignored when comparing and interpreting TWIMS arrival time distributions. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to analyze the periodic differences due to the metal's interaction with nitrogen (and background water) in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Rijs
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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29
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Tang SY, Rijs NJ, Li J, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Ligand-Controlled CO2Activation Mediated by Cationic Titanium Hydride Complexes, [LTiH]+(L=Cp2, O). Chemistry 2015; 21:8483-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Ray K, Pfaff FF, Wang B, Nam W. Status of Reactive Non-Heme Metal–Oxygen Intermediates in Chemical and Enzymatic Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13942-58. [DOI: 10.1021/ja507807v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kallol Ray
- Department
of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Felix Pfaff
- Department
of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bin Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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