1
|
Greenman R, Snir T, Katav A, Aricha R, Mishalian I, Hay O, Frankel M, Lawler J, Saffioti F, Pinzani M, Thorburn D, Peled A, Mor A, Vaknin I. The Role of CCL24 in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Bridging Patient Serum Proteomics to Preclinical Data. Cells 2024; 13:209. [PMID: 38334601 PMCID: PMC10854794 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an inflammatory and fibrotic biliary disease lacking approved treatment. We studied CCL24, a chemokine shown to be overexpressed in damaged bile ducts, and its involvement in key disease-related mechanisms. Serum proteomics of PSC patients and healthy controls (HC) were analyzed using the Olink® proximity extension assay and compared based on disease presence, fibrosis severity, and CCL24 levels. Disease-related canonical pathways, upstream regulators, and toxicity functions were elevated in PSC patients compared to HC and further elevated in patients with high CCL24 levels. In vitro, a protein signature in CCL24-treated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) differentiated patients by disease severity. In mice, CCL24 intraperitoneal injection selectively recruited neutrophils and monocytes. Treatment with CM-101, a CCL24-neutralizing antibody, in an α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis mouse model effectively inhibited accumulation of peribiliary neutrophils and macrophages while reducing biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis. Furthermore, in PSC patients, CCL24 levels were correlated with upregulation of monocyte and neutrophil chemotaxis pathways. Collectively, these findings highlight the distinct role of CCL24 in PSC, influencing disease-related mechanisms, affecting immune cells trafficking and HSC activation. Its blockade with CM-101 reduces inflammation and fibrosis and positions CCL24 as a promising therapeutic target in PSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Snir
- Chemomab Therapeutics Ltd., Tel Aviv 6158002, Israel
| | - Avi Katav
- Chemomab Therapeutics Ltd., Tel Aviv 6158002, Israel
| | | | - Inbal Mishalian
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Hospital Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Ophir Hay
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Hospital Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | | | - John Lawler
- Chemomab Therapeutics Ltd., Tel Aviv 6158002, Israel
| | - Francesca Saffioti
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College of London, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College of London, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Douglas Thorburn
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College of London, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Amnon Peled
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Hospital Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Adi Mor
- Chemomab Therapeutics Ltd., Tel Aviv 6158002, Israel
| | - Ilan Vaknin
- Chemomab Therapeutics Ltd., Tel Aviv 6158002, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohajeri A, Kamal K, Lawler J. Peptidyl Inhibition of Nox2 Enhances Stress Response and Mitigates Muscle Fiber Atrophy with Simulated Microgravity. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.05433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
3
|
Kamal K, Mohajeri A, Lawler J. Stress Response Proteins and Nox2 Signaling in the Gastrocnemius Muscle of Dystrophic Mice. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.05252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Kamal
- Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - Amin Mohajeri
- Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - John Lawler
- Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Simpson H, Manley P, Lawler J, Morey S, Buchanan E, Hewett M, Knowles J, Miller C, McCarron B, Valappil M, McPherson S. Distance to treatment as a factor for loss to follow up of hepatitis C patients in North East England. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 41:700-706. [PMID: 30351415 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large proportion of the 200 000 HCV-infected individuals in the UK are undiagnosed or lost to follow-up. Engaging known infected individuals in treatment is essential for elimination. METHODS Using PHE surveillance data and HCV treatment registers from North East of England (NE) treatment centres for 1997-2016, we estimated the number of HCV cases not linked to treatment and the proportion with active infection. We compared distances of treated and untreated cases to treatment services, and assessed the effect of expanding HCV treatment into existing drug and alcohol treatment centres in the NEE on treatment accessibility. RESULTS The odds of being treated was associated with distance to treatment services. Confirmatory results for ~50% were not reported to PHE NE. Overall, 3385 patients reported to PHE NE had no record of treatment; we estimated 1621 of these may have been lost to follow-up after confirmation of active infection. CONCLUSIONS Poor access to healthcare services may contribute to under-diagnosis or loss to follow-up. Expanding HCV treatment delivery into NEE drug and alcohol treatment centres would improve the accessibility of treatment services to people infected with/at risk of HCV. This may increase the proportion receiving treatment and support progress towards elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Simpson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - P Manley
- Field Epidemiology Service Newcastle, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Lawler
- Public Health England, North East Health Protection Team, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Morey
- Department of Health and Life Science, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - E Buchanan
- Viral Hepatitis Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M Hewett
- Viral Hepatitis Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - J Knowles
- Centre for Infection, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - C Miller
- Viral Hepatitis Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - B McCarron
- Centre for Infection, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - M Valappil
- Viral Hepatitis Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Public Health Laboratory North East, PHE, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S McPherson
- Viral Hepatitis Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lawler J, Choynowski M, Bailey K, Bucholc M, Johnston A, Sugrue M. Meta-analysis of the impact of postoperative infective complications on oncological outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery. BJS Open 2020; 4:737-747. [PMID: 32525280 PMCID: PMC7528523 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer outcomes are complex, involving prevention, early detection and optimal multidisciplinary care. Postoperative infection and surgical site-infection (SSI) are not only uncomfortable for patients and costly, but may also be associated with poor oncological outcomes. A meta-analysis was undertaken to assess the oncological effects of SSI in patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS An ethically approved PROSPERO-registered meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for studies published between 2007 and 2017 reporting the effects of postoperative infective complications on oncological survival in colorectal cancer. Results were separated into those for SSI and those concerning anastomotic leakage. Articles with a Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies score of at least 18 were included. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 per cent confidence intervals were computed for risk factors using an observed to expected and variance fixed-effect model. RESULTS Of 5027 articles were reviewed, 43 met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 154 981 patients. Infective complications had significant negative effects on overall survival (HR 1·37, 95 per cent c.i. 1·28 to 1·46) and cancer-specific survival (HR 2·58, 2·15 to 3·10). Anastomotic leakage occurred in 7·4 per cent and had a significant negative impact on disease-free survival (HR 1·14, 1·09 to 1·20), overall survival (HR 1·34, 1·28 to 1·39), cancer-specific survival (HR 1·43, 1·31 to 1·55), local recurrence (HR 1·18, 1·06 to 1·32) and overall recurrence (HR 1·46, 1·27 to 1·68). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis identified a significant negative impact of postoperative infective complications on overall and cancer-specific survival in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lawler
- Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital and Donegal Clinical Research Academy, Donegal, Ireland
| | - M Choynowski
- Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital and Donegal Clinical Research Academy, Donegal, Ireland
| | - K Bailey
- Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital and Donegal Clinical Research Academy, Donegal, Ireland
| | - M Bucholc
- EU INTERREG Centre for Personalized Medicine, Intelligent Systems Research Centre, School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Magee Campus, Derry, /Londonderry, UK
| | - A Johnston
- Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital and Donegal Clinical Research Academy, Donegal, Ireland
| | - M Sugrue
- Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital and Donegal Clinical Research Academy, Donegal, Ireland.,EU INTERREG Centre for Personalized Medicine, Intelligent Systems Research Centre, School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Magee Campus, Derry, /Londonderry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu CS, Wei Q, Wang H, Kim DM, Balderas M, Wu G, Lawler J, Safe S, Guo S, Devaraj S, Chen Z, Sun Y. Protective Effects of Ghrelin on Fasting-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Aging Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:621-630. [PMID: 30407483 PMCID: PMC7328200 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the aging-associated progressive loss of skeletal muscle; however, the pathogenic mechanism of sarcopenia is not clear. The orexigenic hormone ghrelin stimulates growth hormone secretion, increases food intake, and promotes adiposity. Here we showed that fasting-induced muscle loss was exacerbated in old ghrelin-null (Ghrl-/-) mice, exhibiting decreased expression of myogenic regulator MyoD and increased expression of protein degradation marker MuRF1, as well as altered mitochondrial function. Moreover, acylated ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin treatments significantly increased mitochondrial respiration capacity in muscle C2C12 cells. Consistently, acylated ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin treatments effectively increased myogenic genes and decreased degradation genes in the muscle in fasted old Ghrl-/- mice, possibly by stimulating insulin and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathways. Furthermore, Ghrl-/- mice showed a profile of pro-inflammatory gut microbiota, exhibiting reduced butyrate-producing bacteria Roseburia and ClostridiumXIVb. Collectively, our results showed that ghrelin has a major role in the maintenance of aging muscle via both muscle-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms. Acylated ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin enhanced muscle anabolism and exerted protective effects for muscle atrophy. Because unacylated ghrelin is devoid of the obesogenic side effect seen with acylated ghrelin, it represents an attractive therapeutic option for sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shan Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Qiong Wei
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Division of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station
- Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Da Mi Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Miriam Balderas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - John Lawler
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zheng Chen
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Webster LR, Smith MD, Lawler J, Lindhardt K, Dayno JM. Human Abuse Potential of an Abuse-Deterrent (AD), Extended-Release (ER) Morphine Product Candidate (Morphine-ADER Injection-Molded Tablets) vs Extended-Release Morphine Administered Intranasally in Nondependent Recreational Opioid Users. Pain Med 2018; 18:1695-1705. [PMID: 27651510 PMCID: PMC5939830 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnw219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To compare the relative human abuse potential after insufflation of manipulated morphine abuse-deterrent, extended-release injection-molded tablets (morphine-ADER-IMT) with that of marketed morphine ER tablets. Methods. A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active- and placebo-controlled five-way crossover study was performed with adult volunteers who were experienced, nondependent, recreational opioid users. After intranasal (IN) administration of manipulated high-volume (HV) morphine-ADER-IMT (60 mg), participants were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive IN manipulated low-volume (LV) morphine ER (60 mg), IN manipulated LV morphine-ADER-IMT, intact oral morphine-ADER-IMT (60 mg), and placebo in crossover fashion. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic assessments included peak effect of drug liking (Emax; primary endpoint) using drug liking visual analog scale (VAS) score, Emax using overall drug liking, and take drug again (TDA) VASs scores, and mean abuse quotient (AQ), a pharmacokinetic parameter associated with drug liking. Results. Forty-six participants completed the study. After insufflation of HV morphine-ADER-IMT and LV morphine-ADER-IMT, drug liking Emax was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) compared with IN morphine ER. Overall drug liking and TDA Emax values were significantly lower (P < 0.0001) after insufflation of HV morphine-ADER-IMT and LV morphine-ADER-IMT compared with IN morphine ER. Mean AQ was lower after insufflation of HV (9.2) and LV (2.3) morphine-ADER-IMT or ingestion of oral morphine-ADER-IMT (5.5) compared with insufflation of LV morphine ER (37.2). Conclusions. All drug liking, take drug again, and abuse quotient endpoints support a significantly lower abuse potential with insufflation of manipulated morphine-ADER-IMT compared with manipulated and insufflated non-AD ER morphine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Lawler
- Egalet Corporation, Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dayno JM, Niebler G, Lawler J, Elhauge T, Lindhardt K. Clinical relevance of the pharmacokinetic characteristics of an abuse-deterrent, extended-release, injection-molded morphine tablet. J Opioid Manag 2018; 13:111-124. [PMID: 28829526 DOI: 10.5055/jom.2017.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) and in vitro alcohol dissolution characteristics of extended-release (ER), injection-molded (IM) morphine tablets with abuse-deterrent (AD) features (morphine-ADER-IMT). DESIGN In vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies were conducted. A randomized, two-cohort study evaluated the bioequivalence of morphine-ADER-IMT (60 mg) to morphine ER (60 mg; MS Contin®; Purdue Pharma LP, Stamford, CT) and characterized the effect of food on the PK profile of morphine-ADER-IMT. A three-treatment, three-period crossover study assessed the bioequivalence of morphine-ADER-IMT (30 and 2 ȕ 15 mg) to morphine ER (30 mg). Bioequivalence studies were performed in healthy male and female subjects (18-55 y of age) in the presence of naltrexone blockade. PK modeling was performed to assess steady-state bioequivalence for morphine-ADER-IMT 60 mg compared with morphine ER 60 mg. In vitro alcohol dissolution studies were performed with morphine-ADER-IMT (15 and 60 mg). RESULTS Fifty-nine and 56 subjects completed the 60-mg bioequivalence/food effect study and 30-mg bioequivalence study, respectively. Bioequivalence of morphine-ADER-IMT 60, 30, and 2 ȕ 15 mg and morphine ER was demonstrated to comparable doses of morphine ER. No clinically significant food effect was observed with morphine-ADER-IMT. Treatment-emergent adverse events were similar among all treatment groups. Steady-state modeling indicated bioequivalence between morphine-ADER-IMT 60 mg and morphine ER 60 mg when administered every 8 or 12 hours. No evidence of alcohol dose-dumping was observed with morphine-ADER-IMT. CONCLUSIONS Morphine-ADER-IMT, an ER morphine formulation with robust AD features, has a clinical PK profile that is well suited for patients with chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Dayno
- Chief Medical Officer, Egalet Corporation, Wayne, Pennsylvania
| | - Gwendolyn Niebler
- Senior Vice-President, Clinical Development and Medical Affairs, Egalet Corporation, Wayne, Pennsylvania
| | - John Lawler
- Executive Director, Clinical Operations, Egalet Corporation, Wayne, Pennsylvania
| | - Torben Elhauge
- Senior Scientist Specialist, Research and Development, Egalet Corporation, Wayne, Pennsylvania
| | - Karsten Lindhardt
- Senior Vice-President, Research and Development, Egalet Corporation, Wayne, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smith MD, Webster LR, Lawler J, Lindhardt K, Dayno JM. Human Abuse Potential of an Abuse-Deterrent (AD), Extended-Release (ER) Morphine Product Candidate (Morphine-ADER Injection-Molded Tablets) versus Extended-Release Morphine Administered Orally in Nondependent Recreational Opioid Users. Pain Med 2018; 18:898-907. [PMID: 27633773 PMCID: PMC5431384 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnw174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To compare the relative human abuse potential of intact and manipulated morphine abuse-deterrent, extended-release injection-molded tablets (morphine-ADER-IMT) with that of marketed morphine sulfate ER tablets Methods. This randomized, double-blind, triple-dummy, active- and placebo-controlled, 4-way crossover, single-center study included adult volunteers who were experienced, nondependent, recreational opioid users. Participants were randomized 1:1:1:1 to placebo, morphine-ADER-IMT (60 mg, intact), morphine-ADER-IMT (60 mg, manipulated), and morphine ER (60 mg, manipulated) and received 1 dose of each oral agent in crossover fashion, separated by ≥5 days. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic endpoints were assessed, including the primary endpoint of peak effect of Drug Liking (Emax) via Drug Liking Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score and the secondary endpoints of time to Emax (TEmax) and mean abuse quotient (AQ; a pharmacokinetic parameter associated with drug liking). Results. Thirty-eight participants completed the study. Median Drug Liking VAS Emax was significantly lower after treatment with manipulated morphine-ADER-IMT (67) compared with manipulated morphine ER (74; P = 0.007). TEmax was significantly shorter after treatment with manipulated morphine ER compared with intact (P < 0.0001) or manipulated (P = 0.004) morphine-ADER-IMT. Mean AQ was lower after treatment with intact (5.7) or manipulated (16.4) morphine-ADER-IMT compared with manipulated morphine ER (45.9). Conclusions. Manipulated morphine-ADER-IMT demonstrated significantly lower Drug Liking Emax compared with manipulated morphine ER when administered orally. Morphine-ADER-IMT would be an important new AD, ER morphine product with lower potential for unintentional misuse by chewing or intentional manipulation for oral abuse than currently available non-AD morphine ER products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Lawler
- Egalet Corporation, Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dang A, Shaffer CJ, Bím D, Lawler J, Lesslie M, Ryzhov V, Tureček F. Near-UV Water Splitting by Cu, Ni, and Co Complexes in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:2069-2078. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Dang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Christopher J. Shaffer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Daniel Bím
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 117
20 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - John Lawler
- Department
of Chemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115-2828, United States
| | - Michael Lesslie
- Department
of Chemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115-2828, United States
| | - Victor Ryzhov
- Department
of Chemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115-2828, United States
| | - František Tureček
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dayno JM, Lawler J, Niebler G, Lindhardt K. Poster 457 Bioequivalence and Food Effect of a Novel, Abuse‐Deterrent (AD), Extended‐Release (ER) Morphine Product Candidate Compared with a Currently Available Non‐AD, ER Morphine Product. PM R 2016; 8:S309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.07.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Webster LR, Smith MD, Lawler J, Lindhardt K, Dayno JM. Poster 427 Pharmacodynamic Effects From a Category 3 Intranasal Human Abuse Potential Study of an Abuse‐Deterrent, Extended‐Release Morphine Product Candidate in Nondependent, Recreational Opioid Users. PM R 2016; 8:S300-S301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.07.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Lawler
- PRA Health Sciences, South Salt Lake, UT, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES To conduct video and statistical analysis on Rugby Union play, focusing mainly on the tackle, to establish the player to player configurations for significant direct head impacts and non-direct head impacts. RESEARCH DESIGN Quantitative, observational cohort study. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Video analysis of 52 significant direct head impacts (31 Tackle, 10 Ruck, 7 Dive and 4 Ground) and 40 non-direct head impact tackles from 2014/15 International Rugby Union matches. Relative risk, 95% CI and p-values were calculated for a range of tackle variables. MAIN OUTCOME AND RESULTS Upper body tackles and lower body tackles accounted for 37% (19) and 23% (12) of cases, respectively, with the tackler as the head impacted player for 97% (30) of cases. The majority (81%) of tackle-related significant direct head impacts occurred in the second half of the game, with 63% of upper body tackle significant direct head impacts occurring in the final quarter. Tackler head placement and high speed tackles had statistical significance for causing tackle related significant direct head impacts as well as foot planting and difference in tackler and ball carrier mass for upper body tackles and ball carrier change in direction for lower body tackles. CONCLUSION Tackle variables that statistically increased the risk of significant direct head impact were identified, which can aid player protection strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Tierney
- a Trinity Centre for Bioengineering , Trinity College Dublin , Ireland
| | - John Lawler
- a Trinity Centre for Bioengineering , Trinity College Dublin , Ireland
| | | | | | - Ciaran K Simms
- a Trinity Centre for Bioengineering , Trinity College Dublin , Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Abstract
The article outlines dominant themes in existential thinking and considers what this perspective might offer in developing our understanding of leadership. It explores existential concepts primarily using the writings of Sartre. The existential focus on the concepts of essence and existence is outlined and the current concerns with essentialism discussed in relation to this philosophical approach. The article notes that much research into leadership takes an objectivist approach which, while providing important insights into dimensions of leadership, fails to capture the subjective experience of the leadership relationship. The discussion then details existential themes such as freedom, responsibility and meaninglessness and discusses what questions these provoke for the further study of leadership.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kelleher SM, Habimana O, Lawler J, O' Reilly B, Daniels S, Casey E, Cowley A. Cicada Wing Surface Topography: An Investigation into the Bactericidal Properties of Nanostructural Features. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:14966-74. [PMID: 26551558 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the surface of the wings of the Psaltoda claripennis cicada species has been shown to possess bactericidal properties and it has been suggested that the nanostructure present on the wings was responsible for the bacterial death. We have studied the surface-based nanostructure and bactericidal activity of the wings of three different cicadas (Megapomponia intermedia, Ayuthia spectabile and Cryptotympana aguila) in order to correlate the relationship between the observed surface topographical features and their bactericidal properties. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy performed in this study revealed that the tested wing species contained a highly uniform, nanopillar structure on the surface. The bactericidal properties of the cicada wings were investigated by assessing the viability of autofluorescent Pseudomonas fluorescens cells following static adhesion assays and targeted dead/live fluorescence staining through direct microscopic counting methods. These experiments revealed a 20-25% bacterial surface coverage on all tested wing species; however, significant bactericidal properties were observed in the M. intermedia and C. aguila species as revealed by the high dead:live cell ratio on their surfaces. The combined results suggest a strong correlation between the bactericidal properties of the wings and the scale of the nanotopography present on the different wing surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - O Habimana
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - E Casey
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lawler J, Lee Y, Hord J, Guzzoni V, Kuczmarski J. Mitochondrial ROS Amplify Nox2 Signaling and Atrophy in the Rat Soleus with 7 Days of Hindlimb Unloading (LB821). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.lb821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Lawler
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Lab Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUnited States
| | - Yang Lee
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Lab Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUnited States
| | - Jeff Hord
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Lab Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUnited States
| | - Vinicius Guzzoni
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Lab Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUnited States
- UFSCAR Sao CarlosBrazil
| | - J Kuczmarski
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Lab Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hord J, Lee Y, Lawler J. Angiotensin II receptor blockade protects against the slow to fast fiber type shift and type I fiber atrophy in the rat soleus with 7 days of hindlimb unloading (LB804). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.lb804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Hord
- Dept. of Health & Kinesiology Texas A&M University College StationTXUnited States
| | - Yang Lee
- Dept. of Health & Kinesiology Texas A&M University College StationTXUnited States
| | - John Lawler
- Dept. of Health & Kinesiology Texas A&M University College StationTXUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee Y, Lawler M, Botchlett R, Hord J, Lawler J. Dysregulation of dysferlin during 7 days mechanical unloading is mediated by ROS in rat soleus muscle (1102.27). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1102.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lee
- Department of Health and Kinesiology Texas A&M University College StationTXUnited States
| | - Matthew Lawler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyATLANTAGAUnited States
| | | | - Jeff Hord
- Department of Health and Kinesiology Texas A&M University College StationTXUnited States
| | - John Lawler
- Department of Health and Kinesiology Texas A&M University College StationTXUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Botchlett RE, Woo S, Xu H, Li H, Wu C, Lawler J. Effects of a high fat diet and Metformin on skeletal muscle membrane proteins and fiber size in young mice. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.lb295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hang Xu
- NutritionTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - Honggui Li
- NutritionTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - Choadong Wu
- NutritionTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - John Lawler
- NutritionTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
- Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gunda V, Bucur O, Varnau J, Lawler J, Khosravi-Far R, Parangi S. TRAIL Induced Apoptosis is Enhanced by Inhibition of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT Pathways in Thyroid Cancer Cells. J Surg Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Abstract
Authenticity, a growing area of interest in leadership studies, is an important concept within existentialist thinking. Currently it is largely untheorized. Here the concept is examined using Sartre’s work. Current literature implies authenticity as relating to an ‘inner’ or ‘true’ self which existentialist thinking rejects, opening the way for a different approach to theorizing authenticity. There is a need to consider context, and subjective and inter-subjective experience to understand and to practice authentic existential leadership.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Lawler
- University of Bradford, UK
- University of Central Lancashire, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang S, Yi X, Lawler J, Zhang M. Efficacy of high-performance work practices in Chinese companies. The International Journal of Human Resource Management 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2011.584406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
25
|
Tan S, Lawler J, Foster K, Hall L, Talbot D, Torpey N, Raza M, Gould F. Nosocomial transmission of Salmonella typhimurium in renal transplant recipients. J Hosp Infect 2010; 75:241-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
26
|
Macias BR, Kim J, Courtney S, Canon C, Lawler J. Short‐term hindlimb unloading induces translocation of nNOS from the sarcolemma to sarcoplasm in skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.lb124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jong‐hee Kim
- Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - Sean Courtney
- Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - Claire Canon
- Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - John Lawler
- Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Abstract
The aim of this article is to introduce and explain a number of important existentialist philosophers and concepts that we believe can contribute to a critical approach to leadership theory. Emphasis is placed on understanding the nature of communication from an existentialist perspective and so Jaspers' conceptualization of existential communication is introduced along with important related concepts that may be regarded as important facets of leader communication including Being-in-the-world, the Other, intersubjectivity, dialogue and indirect communication. Particular attention is paid to Buber's ideas on communication as relationship and dialogue. Throughout, reference is made to contemporary, and what is often regarded as orthodox, thinking regarding the centrality of communication to leadership practice as a means by which to highlight the salience of an existentialist analysis.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The thrombospondins (TSPs) are a family of five proteins that are involved in the tissue remodeling that is associated with embryonic development, wound healing, synaptogenesis, and neoplasia. These proteins mediate the interaction of normal and neoplastic cells with the extracellular matrix and surrounding tissue. In the tumor microenvironment, TSP-1 has been shown to suppress tumor growth by inhibiting angiogenesis and by activating transforming growth factor beta. TSP-1 inhibits angiogenesis through direct effects on endothelial cell migration and survival, and through effects on vascular endothelial cell growth factor bioavailability. In addition, TSP-1 may affect tumor cell function through interaction with cell surface receptors and regulation of extracellular proteases. Whereas the role of TSP-1 in the tumor microenvironment is the best characterized, the other TSPs may have similar functions. (Part of a Multi-author Review).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kazerounian
- Division of Cancer Biology and Angiogenesis, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussetts 02215, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Thrombospondins are large secreted, multimodular, calcium-binding glycoproteins that have complex roles in mediating cellular processes. Determination of high-resolution structures of thrombospondins has revealed unique and interesting protein motifs. Here, we review this progress and discuss implications for function. By combining structures of modules from thrombospondins and related extracellular proteins it is now possible to prepare an overall model of the structure of thrombospondin-1 and thrombospondin-2 and discern features of other thrombospondins. (Part of a multi-author Review).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Carlson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Abstract
Although previous studies have demonstrated the importance of balance between family and work life, few have included quality of work life (QWL) and job-related attitudes. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of quality of work life on auditors' career and organizational
commitment in Taiwanese public accounting firms, and how those commitments, in turn, affect turnover intention. Our findings indicate that different dimensions of QWL result in distinctive effects on organizational and career commitments and turnover intentions. Managerial implications for
both researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Collapse
|
33
|
Eddib A, Rodgers B, Lawler J, Yeh J. Monochorionic pseudomonoamniotic twin pregnancy with fetal demise of one twin and development of maternal consumptive coagulopathy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2006; 28:736-7. [PMID: 16958154 DOI: 10.1002/uog.3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
|
34
|
Probst TM, Lawler J. Cultural Values as Moderators of Employee Reactions to Job Insecurity: The Role of Individualism and Collectivism. Applied Psychology 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
35
|
Abstract
To identify overlapping and non-overlapping functions for TSP-1 and alphavbeta6, we crossed TSP-1-null and beta6-null mice and compared the phenotype of the double-null mice with those of wild-type and single-null mice. The double-null mice exhibited focal acute and organizing pneumonia that was more severe than the wild-type and single-null mice as well as a significantly higher incidence of inflammation in tissues other than the lung. The TSP-1-null and beta6-null mice exhibited a five to eight-fold increase in granulocyte recruitment to the lung three days after exposure to lipopolysaccharide. They also had abnormalities that were infrequently observed in the wild-type and single-null mice, including heart degeneration (8.35% in wild-type and 28.1% in double-null mice), hyperplasia of the glandular of the stomach (2.8% in wild-type and 21.1% in double-null mice) and endometrial hyperplasia (0% in wild-type and 38.5% in double-null females). Furthermore, the beta6-null and double-null mice displayed a significant elevation in benign and malignant cancers. Stomach papillomas, squamous cell carcinomas of the ear and stomach, and adenocarcinomas of the lungs, vagina/cervix and colon were observed with the highest frequency. These data demonstrate that TSP-1 and alphavbeta6 are involved in regulation of the immune system and epithelial homeostasis. They also indicate that alphavbeta6 functions as a tumor suppressor gene and that activation of TGFbeta by TSP-1 and alphavbeta6 contributes to normal tissue architecture and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ludlow
- The Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- J Adams
- Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) mutations have been identified as responsible for two arthritic disorders, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) and pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH). However, the function of COMP in chondrogenic differentiation is largely unknown. Our investigation focuses on analyzing the function of normal COMP protein in cartilage biology. METHODS AND RESULTS To explore the function of COMP we make use of an in vitro model system for chondrogenesis, consisting of murine C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal cells maintained as a high-density micromass culture and stimulated with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). Under these culture conditions, C3H10T1/2 cells undergo active chondrogenesis in a manner analogous to that of embryonic limb mesenchymal cells, and have been shown to serve as a valid model system to investigate the mechanisms regulating mesenchymal chondrogenesis. Our results indicate that ectopic COMP expression enhances several early aspects of chondrogenesis induced by BMP-2 in this system, indicating that COMP functions in part to positively regulate chondrogenesis. Additionally, COMP has inhibitory effects on proliferation of cells in monolayer. However, at later times in micromass culture, ectopic COMP expression in the presence of BMP-2 causes an increase in apoptosis, with an accompanying reduction in cell numbers in the micromass culture. However, the remaining cells retain their chondrogenic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that COMP and BMP-2 signaling converge to regulate the fate of these cells in vitro by affecting both early and late stages of chondrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kipnes
- Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, MSC 5755 Bldg 13, Rm 3W17, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dowswell G, Dowswell T, Lawler J, Green J, Young J. Patients' and caregivers' expectations and experiences of a physiotherapy intervention 1 year following stroke: a qualitative study. J Eval Clin Pract 2002; 8:361-5. [PMID: 12164984 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2753.2002.00302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
39
|
Alimo-Metcalfe B, Lawler J. Leadership development in UK companies at the beginning of the twenty-first century: lessons for the NHS? J Manag Med 2002; 15:387-404. [PMID: 11765321 DOI: 10.1108/eum0000000006185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
States that the development of leadership in the NHS is currently high on the agenda of the Department of Health, the government and local health sector organisations. Reports the findings of a study of public and private sector organisations, exploring the development of their in-house leadership skills. Outlines the findings in depth and discusses the implications for health organisations.
Collapse
|
40
|
Lawler J, Miao WM, Duquette M, Bouck N, Bronson RT, Hynes RO. Thrombospondin-1 gene expression affects survival and tumor spectrum of p53-deficient mice. The American Journal of Pathology 2001; 159:1949-56. [PMID: 11696456 PMCID: PMC1867067 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo data indicate that thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) inhibits tumor progression in several ways including direct effects on cellular growth and apoptosis in the stromal compartment. To evaluate the importance of TSP1 for the progression of naturally arising tumors in vivo, we have crossed TSP1-deficient mice with p53-deficient mice. In p53-null mice, the absence of TSP1 decreases survival from 160 +/- 52 days to 149 +/- 42 days. A log-rank test comparing survival curves for these two populations yields a two-sided P value of 0.0272. For mice that are heterozygous for the p53-null allele, survival is 500 +/- 103 days in the presence of TSP1 expression, and 426 +/- 125 days in its absence (P = 0.0058). Whereas TSP1 expression did not cause a measurable change in the incidence of the majority of tumor types, a statistically significant (P < or = 0.05) decrease in the incidence of osteosarcomas is observed in the absence of TSP1. To determine more directly if host TSP1 inhibits tumor growth, B16F10 melanoma and F9 testicular teratocarcinoma cells have been implanted in C57BL/6J and 129Sv TSP1-null mice, respectively. The B16F10 tumors grow approximately twice as fast in the TSP1-null background and exhibit an increase in vascular density, a decrease in the rate of tumor cell apoptosis, and an increase in the rate of tumor cell proliferation. Increased tumor growth is also observed in the absence of TSP1 on the 129Sv genetic background. These data indicate that endogenous host TSP1 functions as a modifier or landscaper gene to suppress tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lawler
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Miao WM, Seng WL, Duquette M, Lawler P, Laus C, Lawler J. Thrombospondin-1 type 1 repeat recombinant proteins inhibit tumor growth through transforming growth factor-beta-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Cancer Res 2001; 61:7830-9. [PMID: 11691800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a potent inhibitor of tumor growth and angiogenesis. The antiangiogenic activity of TSP-1 has been mapped to the procollagen homology region and the type 1 repeats (TSR) using synthetic peptides. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the inhibition of tumor growth by the TSRs, we have expressed recombinant versions of these motifs and have assayed their ability to inhibit the growth of experimental B16F10 melanomas and Lewis lung carcinomas. Recombinant proteins that contain all three TSRs (3TSR) or the second TSR with (TSR2+RFK) or without (TSR2) the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) activating sequence (RFK) have been expressed in Drosophila S2 cells. In addition, recombinant proteins with mutations in either the RFK sequence (TSR2+QFK) or the WSHWSPW sequence [TSR2 (W/T)] of the second TSR have been prepared. Similar to platelet TSP-1, these proteins are potent inhibitors of endothelial cell migration, and 3TSR of human TSP-1 (3TSR/hTSP-1) and TSR2+RFK activate TGFbeta. An 81% inhibition of B16F10 tumor growth is observed at 2.5 mg (135 nmol)/kg/day of the recombinant 3TSR/hTSP-1. A comparable level of inhibition is observed with 2.5 mg (360 nmol)/kg/day of TSR2+RFK. By contrast, 3TSR of mouse TSP-2 (3TSR/mTSP-2), TSR2+QFK, and TSR2 are significantly less effective. TSR2+RFK and TSR2 reduce tumor vessel density, but TSR2+RFK has a greater effect on B16F10 tumor cell apoptosis and proliferation. Concurrent treatment of B16F10 tumor-bearing mice with TSR2+RFK and either a soluble form of the TGFbeta receptor or an antibody to active TGFbeta reduces the inhibition of B16F10 tumor growth to levels that are comparable with those of TSR2 and TSR2+QFK. By contrast, the presence of the TGFbeta-activating sequence does not increase the level of inhibition of Lewis lung carcinoma experimental tumor growth. These data indicate that the TSRs inhibit tumor growth by inhibition of angiogenesis and regulation of tumor cell growth and apoptosis. The regulation of tumor cell growth and apoptosis is TGFbeta dependent, whereas the inhibition of angiogenesis is not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W M Miao
- The Division of Cancer Biology and Angiogenesis, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Turner C, Lawler J. Mouth care practices in nursing and research-based education: an historical analysis of instructional nursing texts 1870-1997. Int Hist Nurs J 2001; 4:29-35. [PMID: 11623868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we examine 68 nursing textbooks published between 1870 and 1997 to examine the historical background to contemporary mouth care practice(s) in nursing and the extent to which they are based on research evidence. The analysis shows that, although there has been some variation in the types of equipment and preparations recommended for use over the past 120 years, descriptions of the actual nursing practices themselves have not varied greatly; nor has the discourse varied noticeably. Since the 1970s, there is a progressive increase in references to research. However, the instructional style and discursive frames in which mouth care is discussed reflect an approach to body care that is relatively unchanged in over a century. Individual nursing practices appear as decontextualised and procedurally oriented. With the exception of assessment techniques, written accounts of mouth care practices do not reflect the influence of more recent conceptual or rhetorical standpoints in nursing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Turner
- Sydney Nursing Research Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rodriguez-Manzaneque JC, Lane TF, Ortega MA, Hynes RO, Lawler J, Iruela-Arispe ML. Thrombospondin-1 suppresses spontaneous tumor growth and inhibits activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and mobilization of vascular endothelial growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:12485-90. [PMID: 11606713 PMCID: PMC60080 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.171460498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth of tumors and metastasis are processes known to require neovascularization. To ascertain the participation of the endogenous angiogenic inhibitor thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) in tumor progression, we generated mammary tumor-prone mice that either lack, or specifically overexpress, TSP1 in the mammary gland. Tumor burden and vasculature were significantly increased in TSP1-deficient animals, and capillaries within the tumor appeared distended and sinusoidal. In contrast, TSP1 overexpressors showed delayed tumor growth or lacked frank tumor development (20% of animals); tumor capillaries showed reduced diameter and were less frequent. Interestingly, absence of TSP1 resulted in increased association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with its receptor VEGFR2 and higher levels of active matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), a molecule previously shown to facilitate both angiogenesis and tumor invasion. In vitro, enzymatic activation of proMMP9 was suppressed by TSP1. Together these results argue for a protective role of endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis in tumor growth and implicate TSP1 in the in vivo regulation of metalloproteinase-9 activation and VEGF signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Rodriguez-Manzaneque
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The membrane glycoprotein CD36 is involved in platelet aggregation, inhibition of angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, and sequestration of malaria-parasitized erythrocytes. In this study, immunoprecipitations with anti-CD36 antibodies were performed to identify proteins that associate with CD36 in the platelet membrane. Platelets were solubilized in 1% Triton X-100, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), Brij 96, or Brij 99, and the proteins that coprecipitated with CD36 were identified by peptide mass spectrometry and Western blotting. The tetraspanin protein CD9 and the integrins alphaII(b)beta3 and alpha6beta1 specifically coprecipitated with CD36 from platelets that were solubilized in CHAPS and Brij 99 but not from platelets that were solubilized in Triton X-100. Only CD9 is coprecipitated with CD36 from platelets that were solubilized in Brij 96. Reciprocal immunoprecipitations with antibodies to CD9, alpha6, alphaIIb, or beta3 from Brij 99-solubilized platelets coprecipitated CD36. Coprecipitation of CD36, CD9, and alpha6beta1 was also observed on platelets from a patient with Glanzmann thrombasthenia, indicating that alphaII(b)beta3 is not required for the other proteins to associate. Colocalization of alpha6 and CD36, of CD9 and CD36, and of alpha6 and CD9 was observed on intact platelets prior to solubilization, using double immunofluorescence microscopy. These data indicate that CD36 associates with CD9 and integrins on human blood platelets. These associated proteins may mediate or participate in some of the diverse biological functions of CD36.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W M Miao
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hofsteenge J, Huwiler KG, Macek B, Hess D, Lawler J, Mosher DF, Peter-Katalinic J. C-mannosylation and O-fucosylation of the thrombospondin type 1 module. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:6485-98. [PMID: 11067851 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m008073200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a multidomain protein that has been implicated in cell adhesion, motility, and growth. Some of these functions have been localized to the three thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSRs), modules of approximately 60 amino acids in length with conserved Cys and Trp residues. The Trp residues occur in WXXW patterns, which are the recognition motifs for protein C-mannosylation. This modification involves the attachment of an alpha-mannosyl residue to the C-2 atom of the first tryptophan. Analysis of human platelet TSP-1 revealed that Trp-368, -420, -423, and -480 are C-mannosylated. Mannosylation also occurred in recombinant, baculovirally expressed TSR modules from Sf9 and "High Five" cells, contradictory to earlier reports that such cells do not carry out this reaction. In the course of these studies it was appreciated that the TSRs in TSP-1 undergo a second form of unusual glycosylation. By using a novel mass spectrometric approach, it was found that Ser-377, Thr-432, and Thr-489 in the motif CSX(S/T)CG carry the O-linked disaccharide Glc-Fuc-O-Ser/Thr. This is the first protein in which such a disaccharide has been identified, although protein O-fucosylation is well described in epidermal growth factor-like modules. Both C- and O-glycosylations take place on residues that have been implicated in the interaction of TSP-1 with glycosaminoglycans or other cellular receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hofsteenge
- Friedrich Miescher-Institut, P. O. Box 2543, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nesselroth SM, Willis AI, Fuse S, Olson ET, Lawler J, Sumpio BE, Gahtan V. The C-terminal domain of thrombospondin-1 induces vascular smooth muscle cell chemotaxis. J Vasc Surg 2001; 33:595-600. [PMID: 11241132 DOI: 10.1067/mva.2001.112318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), an acute-phase reactant implicated in vascular disease, is a 420-kd multifunctional glycoprotein chemotactic for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). TSP-1 has six domains of repeating homologous amino acid sequences: N-terminal, procollagen homology, type 1 repeat, type 2 repeat, type 3 repeat/RGD (T3), and C-terminal (COOH). The purpose of this experiment was to determine which domains of TSP-1 induce VSMC chemotaxis. METHODS A modified Boyden Chamber chemotaxis assay was used to assess VSMC migration. Serum-free medium, TSP-1, or each of the fusion proteins (10 and 20 microg/mL) synthesized for the different domains were placed in the bottom wells. Quiescent bovine aortic VSMCs (50,000) were placed in the top wells. After 4 hours at 37 degrees C, migrated VSMCs were recorded as cells per five fields (400x) and analyzed with the paired t test. To verify the fusion protein data, we performed chemotaxis assays with antibodies to each of the domains (25 microg/mL) combined with TSP-1 (20 microg/mL) in the bottom wells and VSMCs in the top wells. RESULTS The COOH domain significantly stimulated VSMC chemotaxis (P = <.001). To a lesser extent, the N-terminal and T3 domains also induced chemotaxis (P <.05). However, only the anti-COOH antibody (C6.7) and the anti-integrin-associated protein portion of COOH antibody (D4.6) significantly inhibited TSP-1-induced VSMC chemotaxis (by 85% and 92%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results implicate the COOH domain as the portion of the TSP-1 molecule primarily responsible for VSMC chemotaxis. This experiment suggests that future strategies in the prevention of VSMC migration, an initial step in the development of vascular lesions, may involve selective inhibition of the COOH domain of TSP-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Nesselroth
- Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Vascular Surgery and the Harvard Medical School, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Riessen R, Fenchel M, Chen H, Axel DI, Karsch KR, Lawler J. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (thrombospondin-5) is expressed by human vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21:47-54. [PMID: 11145932 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.21.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP/thrombospondin [TSP]-5) belongs to the thrombospondin gene family and is an extracellular glycoprotein found predominantly in cartilage and tendon. To date, there is limited evidence of COMP/TSP-5 expression outside of the skeletal system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of COMP/TSP-5 in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells and human arteries. COMP/TSP-5 mRNA and protein expression was detected in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells with both Northern blotting and immunoprecipitation. Serum, as well as transforming growth factor (TGF)beta1 and TGF-beta3, stimulated COMP/TSP-5 mRNA expression. COMP/TSP-5 was detected in normal as well as atherosclerotic and restenotic human arteries with immunohistochemistry. The majority of COMP/TSP-5 was expressed in close proximity to vascular smooth muscle cells. In vitro attachment assays demonstrated strong adhesion of smooth muscle cells to COMP/TSP-5-coated surfaces, with the majority of cells spreading and forming stress fibers. In addition, COMP/TSP-5 supported the migration of smooth muscle cells in vitro. The present study shows that COMP/TSP-5 is present in human arteries and may play a role in the adhesion and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells during vasculogenesis and in vascular disease settings such as atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Riessen
- Department of Medicine III (Cardiology), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a matricellular protein that regulates cellular phenotype during tissue genesis and repair. It acts as a molecular facilitator by bringing together cytokines, growth factors, matrix components, membrane receptors and extracellular proteases. TSP-1 binds to a wide variety of integrin and non-integrin cell surface receptors. The binding sites for these receptors on TSP-1 are dispersed throughout the molecule, with most domains binding multiple receptors. In some cases, TSP-1 binds to multiple receptors concurrently, and recent data indicate that there is cross-talk between the receptor systems. Thus, TSP-1 may function to direct the clustering of receptors to specialized domains for adhesion and signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Division of Cancer Biology and Angiogenesis, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Research North, Rm. 270C, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made towards understanding the function of thrombospondin-1 and-2. The description of the phenotype of mice with thrombospondin-1 and-2 knocked-out supports in vitro biochemical and cell-biological data and has opened new avenues of research. Recently, our understanding of the roles of thrombospondins in the activation of TGFbeta, inhibition of angiogenesis and the initiation of signal transduction has advanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lawler
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Majluf-Cruz A, Manns JM, Uknis AB, Yang X, Colman RW, Harris RB, Frazier W, Lawler J, DeLa Cadena RA. Residues F16-G33 and A784-N823 within platelet thrombospondin-1 play a major role in binding human neutrophils: evaluation by two novel binding assays. J Lab Clin Med 2000; 136:292-302. [PMID: 11039850 DOI: 10.1067/mlc.2000.109407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) structural requirements within its heparin-binding domain (HBD)(30 kd) or within the other domains of the molecule (450 kd) that interact with neutrophils (PMNs) have not been delineated. Synthetic peptides based on the HBD, a TSP1 proteolytic fragment lacking the HBD, a large C-terminal domain of TSP1 (210 kd), a TSP1 recombinant fragment (rTSP1(784-932)), and a monoclonal antibody directed against the TSP1 type 3 repeats (mAb D4.6) were utilized to map such structural requirements on TSP1. Synthetic peptides containing a heparin-binding motif and encompassing residues F16-G33 or A74-S95 of TSP1 competed quantitatively with iodine 125-labeled TSP1 for binding to heparinagarose beads. However, only F16-G33 was a competitor of TSP1 binding to PMNs, suggesting that the sequence F16-G33 within the HBD plays a role in PMN binding. The interaction site within the 450-kd fragment was further narrowed. A TSP1 -derived proteolytic fragment (210 kd), a recombinant TSP1 fragment (rTSP1(784-932)), and a type 3 repeat anti-TSP1 monoclonal antibody (mAb D4.6) competed for the binding of 125I-labeled TSP1 to PMNs. The N-terminal of rTSP1(784-932) and C-terminal sequence analysis of TSP1-210 kd delineated the structural requirements for the second binding region for PMNs-namely, residues A784-N823.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Majluf-Cruz
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|