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Liu H, Xing F, Yu P, Zhe M, Duan X, Liu M, Xiang Z, Ritz U. A review of biomacromolecule-based 3D bioprinting strategies for structure-function integrated repair of skin tissues. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131623. [PMID: 38642687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
When skin is damaged or affected by diseases, it often undergoes irreversible scar formation, leading to aesthetic concerns and psychological distress for patients. In cases of extensive skin defects, the patient's life can be severely compromised. In recent years, 3D printing technology has emerged as a groundbreaking approach to skin tissue engineering, offering promising solutions to various skin-related conditions. 3D bioprinting technology enables the precise fabrication of structures by programming the spatial arrangement of cells within the skin tissue and subsequently printing skin replacements either in a 3D bioprinter or directly at the site of the defect. This study provides a comprehensive overview of various biopolymer-based inks, with a particular emphasis on chitosan (CS), starch, alginate, agarose, cellulose, and fibronectin, all of which are natural polymers belonging to the category of biomacromolecules. Additionally, it summarizes artificially synthesized polymers capable of enhancing the performance of these biomacromolecule-based bioinks, thereby composing hybrid biopolymer inks aimed at better application in skin tissue engineering endeavors. This review paper examines the recent advancements, characteristics, benefits, and limitations of biological 3D bioprinting techniques for skin tissue engineering. By utilizing bioinks containing seed cells, hydrogels with bioactive factors, and biomaterials, complex structures resembling natural skin can be accurately fabricated in a layer-by-layer manner. The importance of biological scaffolds in promoting skin wound healing and the role of 3D bioprinting in skin tissue regeneration processes is discussed. Additionally, this paper addresses the challenges and constraints associated with current 3D bioprinting technologies for skin tissue and presents future perspectives. These include advancements in bioink formulations, full-thickness skin bioprinting, vascularization strategies, and skin appendages bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyun Yu
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Man Zhe
- Animal Experiment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthopedics, Sanya People's Hospital, 572000 Sanya, Hainan, China.
| | - Ulrike Ritz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Biomatics Group, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Trinh-Minh T, Chen CW, Tran Manh C, Li YN, Zhu H, Zhou X, Chakraborty D, Zhang Y, Rauber S, Dees C, Lin NY, Kah D, Gerum R, Bergmann C, Kreuter A, Reuter C, Groeber-Becker F, Eckes B, Distler O, Fabry B, Ramming A, Schambony A, Schett G, Distler JH. Noncanonical WNT5A controls the activation of latent TGF-β to drive fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e159884. [PMID: 38747285 PMCID: PMC11093613 DOI: 10.1172/jci159884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling is a core pathway of fibrosis, but the molecular regulation of the activation of latent TGF-β remains incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate a crucial role of WNT5A/JNK/ROCK signaling that rapidly coordinates the activation of latent TGF-β in fibrotic diseases. WNT5A was identified as a predominant noncanonical WNT ligand in fibrotic diseases such as systemic sclerosis, sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, stimulating fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and tissue fibrosis by activation of latent TGF-β. The activation of latent TGF-β requires rapid JNK- and ROCK-dependent cytoskeletal rearrangements and integrin αV (ITGAV). Conditional ablation of WNT5A or its downstream targets prevented activation of latent TGF-β, rebalanced TGF-β signaling, and ameliorated experimental fibrosis. We thus uncovered what we believe to be a novel mechanism for the aberrant activation of latent TGF-β in fibrotic diseases and provided evidence for targeting WNT5A/JNK/ROCK signaling in fibrotic diseases as a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuong Trinh-Minh
- Department of Rheumatology and
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Chih-Wei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Cuong Tran Manh
- Department of Rheumatology and
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Yi-Nan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Debomita Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Simon Rauber
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Clara Dees
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Neng-Yu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Delf Kah
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Richard Gerum
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Christina Bergmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Alexander Kreuter
- Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, HELIOS St. Elisabeth Clinic Oberhausen, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Christiane Reuter
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC) Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Florian Groeber-Becker
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC) Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Beate Eckes
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Oliver Distler
- Rheumaklinik, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ben Fabry
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schambony
- Division of Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Jörg H.W. Distler
- Department of Rheumatology and
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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3
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Xie H, Bai Q, Kong F, Li Y, Zha X, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Gao S, Li P, Jiang Q. Allantoin-functionalized silk fibroin/sodium alginate transparent scaffold for cutaneous wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:859-872. [PMID: 35358577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In clinical application, it's highly desirable for developing bio-functionalized cutaneous scaffold with transparent features for convenient observation, excellent biocompatibility, and high efficiency for promoting wound repair. Herein, allantoin-functionalized composite hydrogel was developed by coupling silk fibroin (SF) and sodium alginate (SA) for treatment of cutaneous wounds. The prepared allantoin-functionalized SF-SA composite scaffolds (AFAS) exhibited excellent mechanical properties, especially featured by similar ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation at breaking to human skin. Besides, the solvent-casting method guaranteed the AFAS to obtain highly transparent properties with sufficient moisture permeability and excellent adhesion in wet state. In vitro cellular experiments demonstrated excellent biocompatibility of the scaffold that attachment and proliferation of NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells was promoted in the presence of AFAS. Furthermore, the scaffolds exhibited efficient hemostatic property, based on rat hepatic hemorrhage model. In a cutaneous excisional mouse wound model, the AFAS significantly improved the wound closure rate, compared with pure SF-SA scaffolds and blank control. Moreover, the histomorphological assessments showed that AFAS facilitated the integrity of skin and wound healing process by enhancing collagen deposition, re-epithelialization and vascularization at wound site. The results demonstrate that the novel allantoin-functionalized SF/SA transparent hydrogel has great potential for clinical treatment of cutaneous wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojiang Xie
- Medical Information College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiao Bai
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fankai Kong
- Medical Information College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Li
- Medical Information College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoying Zha
- Medical Information College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lingqin Zhang
- Medical Information College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Medical Information College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shasha Gao
- Medical Information College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Li
- Medical Information College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qifeng Jiang
- Medical Information College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Sarvari R, Keyhanvar P, Agbolaghi S, Roshangar L, Bahremani E, Keyhanvar N, Haghdoost M, Keshel SH, Taghikhani A, Firouzi N, Valizadeh A, Hamedi E, Nouri M. A comprehensive review on methods for promotion of mechanical features and biodegradation rate in amniotic membrane scaffolds. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:32. [PMID: 35267104 PMCID: PMC8913518 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amniotic membrane (AM) is a biological tissue that surrounds the fetus in the mother's womb. It has pluripotent cells, immune modulators, collagen, cytokines with anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effect, matrix proteins, and growth factors. In spite of the biological characteristics, some results have been released in preventing the adhesion on traumatized surfaces. Application of the AM as a scaffold is limited due to its low biomechanical resistance and rapid biodegradation. Therefore, for using the AM during surgery, its modification by different methods such as cross-linking of the membrane collagen is necessary, because the cross-linking is an effective way to reduce the rate of biodegradation of the biological materials. In addition, their cross-linking is likely an efficient way to increase the tensile properties of the material, so that they can be easily handled or sutured. In this regard, various methods related to cross-linking of the AM subsuming the composite materials, physical cross-linking, and chemical cross-linking with the glutraldehyde, carbodiimide, genipin, aluminum sulfate, etc. are reviewed along with its advantages and disadvantages in the current work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raana Sarvari
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Peyman Keyhanvar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Convergence of Knowledge, Technology and Society Network (CKTSN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tabriz, Iran.
- ARTAN1100 Startup Accelerator, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Samira Agbolaghi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, P.O. BOX: 5375171379, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Erfan Bahremani
- Alavi Ophthalmological Treatment and Educational Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Keyhanvar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Gene Yakhteh Keyhan (Genik) Company (Ltd), Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Incubator, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Haghdoost
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Heidari Keshel
- Medical Nanotechnology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Taghikhani
- Department of Chemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Firouzi
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O.BOX:51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Amir Valizadeh
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Hamedi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Morel A, Guex AG, Itel F, Domaschke S, Ehret AE, Ferguson SJ, Fortunato G, Rossi RM. Tailoring the multiscale architecture of electrospun membranes to promote 3D cellular infiltration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 130:112427. [PMID: 34702512 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the architecture of engineered scaffolds is of outmost importance to induce a targeted cell response and ultimately achieve successful tissue regeneration upon implantation. Robust, reliable and reproducible methods to control scaffold properties at different levels are timely and highly important. However, the multiscale architectural properties of electrospun membranes are very complex, in particular the role of fiber-to-fiber interactions on mechanical properties, and their effect on cell response remain largely unexplored. The work reported here reveals that the macroscopic membrane stiffness, observed by stress-strain curves, cannot be predicted solely based on the Young's moduli of the constituting fibers but is rather influenced by interactions on the microscale, namely the number of fiber-to-fiber bonds. To specifically control the formation of these bonds, solvent systems of the electrospinning solution were fine-tuned, affecting the membrane properties at every length-scale investigated. In contrast to dichloromethane that is characterized by a high vapor pressure, the use of trifluoroacetic acid, a solvent with a lower vapor pressure, favors the generation of fiber-to-fiber bonds. This ultimately led to an overall increased Young's modulus and yield stress of the membrane despite a lower stiffness of the constituting fibers. With respect to tissue engineering applications, an experimental setup was developed to investigate the effect of architectural parameters on the ability of cells to infiltrate and migrate within the scaffold. The results reveal that differences in fiber-to-fiber bonds significantly affect the infiltration of normal human dermal fibroblasts into the membranes. Membranes of loose fibers with low numbers of fiber-to-fiber bonds, as obtained from spinning solutions using dichloromethane, promote cellular infiltration and are thus promising candidates for the formation of a 3D tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Morel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Géraldine Guex
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biointerfaces, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Fabian Itel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Domaschke
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alexander E Ehret
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Stephen J Ferguson
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppino Fortunato
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - René M Rossi
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells on histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis in second-grade burn model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:308. [PMID: 34051875 PMCID: PMC8164255 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Deleterious cutaneous tissue damages could result from exposure to thermal trauma, which could be ameliorated structurally and functionally through therapy via the most multipotent progenitor bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). This study aimed to induce burns and examine the effect of BM-MSCs during a short and long period of therapy. Material and methods Ninety albino rats were divided into three groups: group I (control); group II (burn model), the animals were exposed to the preheated aluminum bar at 100°C for 15 s; and group III (the burned animals subcutaneously injected with BM-MSCs (2×106 cells/ ml)); they were clinically observed and sacrificed at different short and long time intervals, and skin samples were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination and analysis of different wound healing mediators via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Subcutaneous injection of BM-MSCs resulted in the decrease of the wound contraction rate; the wound having a pinpoint appearance and regular arrangement of the epidermal layer with thin stratum corneum; decrease in the area percentages of ADAMs10 expression; significant downregulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α), metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and microRNA-21; and marked upregulation of heat shock protein-90α (HSP-90α) especially in late stages. Conclusion BM-MSCs exhibited a powerful healing property through regulating the mediators of wound healing and restoring the normal skin structures, reducing the scar formation and the wound size.
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Sun ML, Zhao F, Chen XL, Zhang XY, Zhang YZ, Song XY, Sun CY, Yang J. Promotion of Wound Healing and Prevention of Frostbite Injury in Rat Skin by Exopolysaccharide from the Arctic Marine Bacterium Polaribacter sp. SM1127. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18010048. [PMID: 31940773 PMCID: PMC7024241 DOI: 10.3390/md18010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many marine microorganisms synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPSs), and some of these EPSs have been reported to have potential in different fields. However, the pharmaceutical potentials of marine EPSs are rarely reported. The EPS secreted by the Artic marine bacterium Polaribacter sp. SM1127 has good antioxidant activity, outstanding moisture-retention ability, and considerable protective property on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) at low temperature. Here, the effects of SM1127 EPS on skin wound healing and frostbite injury prevention were studied. Scratch wound assay showed that SM1127 EPS could stimulate the migration of HDFs. In the full-thickness cutaneous wound experiment of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, SM1127 EPS increased the wound healing rate and stimulated tissue repair detected by macroscopic observation and histologic examination, showing the ability of SM1127 EPS to promote skin wound healing. In the skin frostbite experiment of SD rats, pretreatment of rat skin with SM1127 EPS increased the rate of frostbite wound healing and promoted the repair of the injured skin significantly, indicating the good effect of SM1127 EPS on frostbite injury prevention. These results suggest the promising potential of SM1127 EPS in the pharmaceutical area to promote skin wound healing and prevent frostbite injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (M.-L.S.); (F.Z.); (X.-L.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Y.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.S.); (C.-Y.S.)
| | - Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (M.-L.S.); (F.Z.); (X.-L.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Y.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.S.); (C.-Y.S.)
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (M.-L.S.); (F.Z.); (X.-L.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Y.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.S.); (C.-Y.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (M.-L.S.); (F.Z.); (X.-L.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Y.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.S.); (C.-Y.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (M.-L.S.); (F.Z.); (X.-L.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Y.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.S.); (C.-Y.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (M.-L.S.); (F.Z.); (X.-L.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Y.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.S.); (C.-Y.S.)
| | - Cai-Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (M.-L.S.); (F.Z.); (X.-L.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Y.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.S.); (C.-Y.S.)
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (M.-L.S.); (F.Z.); (X.-L.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Y.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.S.); (C.-Y.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Liu NT, Rizzo JA, Shingleton SK, Fenrich CA, Serio-Melvin ML, Christy RJ, Salinas J. Relationship Between Burn Wound Location and Outcomes in Severely Burned Patients: More Than Meets the Size. J Burn Care Res 2019; 40:558-565. [DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We hypothesized that burn location plays an important role in wound healing, mortality, and other outcomes and conducted the following study to test this multifold hypothesis. We conducted a study to retrospectively look at patients with burns ≥10% TBSA. Demographics, TBSA, partial/full thickness burns (PT/FT) in various wound locations, fluids, inhalation injury, mortality, ICU duration, and hospital duration were considered. Initial wound healing rates (%/d) were also calculated as a slope from the time of the first mapping of open wound size to the time of the third mapping of open wound size. Multivariate logistic regression and operating curves were used to measure mortality prediction performance. All values were expressed as median [interquartile range]. The mortality rate for 318 patients was 17% (54/318). In general, patients were 43 years [29, 58 years] old and had a TBSA of 25% [17, 39%], PT of 16% [10, 25%], and FT of 4% [0, 15%]. Between patients who lived and did not, age, TBSA, FT, 24-hour fluid, and ICU duration were statistically different (P < .001). Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences in FT head (0% [0, 0%] vs 0% [0, 1%], P = .048); FT anterior torso (0% [0, 1%] vs 1% [0, 4%], P < .001); FT posterior torso (0% [0, 0%] vs 0% [0, 4%], P < 0.001); FT upper extremities (0% [0, 3%] vs 2% [0, 11%], P < .001); FT lower extremities (0% [0, 2%] vs 6% [0, 17%], P < .001); and FT genitalia (0% [0, 0%] vs 0% [0, 2%], P < .001). Age, presence of inhalation injury, PT/FT upper extremities, and FT lower extremities were independent mortality predictors and per unit increases of these variables were associated with an increased risk for mortality (P < .05): odds ratio of 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.61–1.13; P < .001) for mean age; 2.69 (95% CI = 1.04–6.93; P = .041) for inhalation injury; 1.14 (95% CI = 1.01–1.27; P = .031) for mean PT upper extremities; 1.26 (95% CI = 1.11–1.42; P < .001) for mean FT upper extremities; and 1.07 (95% CI = 1.01–1.12; P = .012) for mean FT lower extremities. Prediction of mortality was better using specific wound locations (area under the curve [AUC], AUC of 0.896) rather than using TBSA and FT (AUC of 0.873). Graphs revealed that initial healing rates were statistically lower and 24-hour fluids and ICU length of stay were statistically higher in patients with FT upper extremities than in patients without FT extremities (P < .001). Burn wound location affects wound healing and helps predict mortality and ICU length of stay and should be incorporated into burn triage strategies to enhance resource allocation or stratify wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehemiah T Liu
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Julie A Rizzo
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | | | - Craig A Fenrich
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | | | - Robert J Christy
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - José Salinas
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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10
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Bioengineered Skin Intended for Skin Disease Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061407. [PMID: 30897791 PMCID: PMC6470977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical use of bioengineered skin in reconstructive surgery has been established for more than 30 years. The limitations and ethical considerations regarding the use of animal models have expanded the application of bioengineered skin in the areas of disease modeling and drug screening. These skin models should represent the anatomical and physiological traits of native skin for the efficient replication of normal and pathological skin conditions. In addition, reliability of such models is essential for the conduction of faithful, rapid, and large-scale studies. Therefore, research efforts are focused on automated fabrication methods to replace the traditional manual approaches. This report presents an overview of the skin models applicable to skin disease modeling along with their fabrication methods, and discusses the potential of the currently available options to conform and satisfy the demands for disease modeling and drug screening.
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11
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Groell F, Jordan O, Borchard G. In vitro models for immunogenicity prediction of therapeutic proteins. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 130:128-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Parisi L, Toffoli A, Ghiacci G, Macaluso GM. Tailoring the Interface of Biomaterials to Design Effective Scaffolds. J Funct Biomater 2018; 9:E50. [PMID: 30134538 PMCID: PMC6165026 DOI: 10.3390/jfb9030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a multidisciplinary science, which including principles from material science, biology and medicine aims to develop biological substitutes to restore damaged tissues and organs. A major challenge in TE is the choice of suitable biomaterial to fabricate a scaffold that mimics native extracellular matrix guiding resident stem cells to regenerate the functional tissue. Ideally, the biomaterial should be tailored in order that the final scaffold would be (i) biodegradable to be gradually replaced by regenerating new tissue, (ii) mechanically similar to the tissue to regenerate, (iii) porous to allow cell growth as nutrient, oxygen and waste transport and (iv) bioactive to promote cell adhesion and differentiation. With this perspective, this review discusses the options and challenges facing biomaterial selection when a scaffold has to be designed. We highlight the possibilities in the final mold the materials should assume and the most effective techniques for its fabrication depending on the target tissue, including the alternatives to ameliorate its bioactivity. Furthermore, particular attention has been given to the influence that all these aspects have on resident cells considering the frontiers of materiobiology. In addition, a focus on chitosan as a versatile biomaterial for TE scaffold fabrication has been done, highlighting its latest advances in the literature on bone, skin, cartilage and cornea TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Parisi
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Toffoli
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Giulia Ghiacci
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Guido M Macaluso
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
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Liu NT, Rizzo JA, Shields BA, Serio-Melvin ML, Christy RJ, Salinas J. Predicting the Ability of Wounds to Heal Given Any Burn Size and Fluid Volume: An Analytical Approach. J Burn Care Res 2018; 39:661-669. [DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iry021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nehemiah T Liu
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Julie A Rizzo
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Beth A Shields
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | | | - Robert J Christy
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - José Salinas
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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Groell F, Kalia YN, Jordan O, Borchard G. Hydrogels in three-dimensional dendritic cell (MUTZ-3) culture as a scaffold to mimic human immuno competent subcutaneous tissue. Int J Pharm 2018; 544:297-303. [PMID: 29698823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a 3D cell culture model of the human subcutaneous tissue, allowing the prediction of the immunogenicity of subcutaneously injected therapeutic proteins. Several hydrogels were evaluated as scaffolds to mimic the human subcutaneous tissue in vitro. Cytocompatibility of the hydrogels with the human myelomonocytic cell line (MUTZ-3) was investigated, as well as their influence on cellular phenotype changes. Elastic Young's moduli in compression of the hydrogels were measured by a texture analyser and compared to ex vivo human samples. MUTZ-3 cells were differentiated into dendritic cells before embedding in hydrogels. Agarose at various concentrations (0.5%, 0.35% and 0.25% w/v), Geltrex® matrix and HyStem™ scaffold (1% w/v) displayed a wide range of elastic Young's moduli from 560 kPa to 49 kPa, compared to the reference value of 23 kPa obtained for human tissue. With the exception of HyStem™, good cytocompatibility of hydrogels was shown at the concentrations tested. An optimal combination of MUTZ-3 cells with 0.25% agarose or Geltrex® is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Groell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Yogeshvar N Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Olivier Jordan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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15
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Goonoo N. Vascularization and angiogenesis in electrospun tissue engineered constructs: towards the creation of long-term functional networks. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaab03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kim JW, Kim MJ, Ki CS, Kim HJ, Park YH. Fabrication of bi-layer scaffold of keratin nanofiber and gelatin-methacrylate hydrogel: Implications for skin graft. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:541-548. [PMID: 28711618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bi-layer scaffold composed of human hair keratin/chitosan nanofiber mat and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel was fabricated by using electrospinning and photopolymerization techniques. To prepare the nanofiber layer, the blend solution of human hair keratin and chitosan (mixture ratio: 5/5) was electrospun using formic acid as a solvent in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol), followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The tensile strength of the human hair keratin/chitosan nanofiber mat was much higher than that of pure human hair keratin nanofiber mat. Meanwhile, the blend nanofiber mat was relatively more compatible with HaCaT cell proliferation and keratinocyte differentiation than the pure chitosan nanofiber mat. The bi-layer scaffold was prepared by photopolymerization of GelMA under the cross-linked nanofiber mat. To evaluate the feasibility as a skin graft, human fibroblast was encapsulated in the hydrogel layer and HaCaT cells were cultured on the nanofiber layer and they were co-cultured for 10days. As a result, the encapsulated fibroblasts proliferated in the hydrogel matrix and HaCaT cells formed a cell layer on the top of scaffold, mimicking dermis and epidermis of skin tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Wook Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jin Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seok Ki
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Park
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Gacto-Sanchez P. Surgical treatment and management of the severely burn patient: Review and update. Med Intensiva 2017; 41:356-364. [PMID: 28456441 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Since one of the main challenges in treating acute burn injuries is preventing infection, early excising of the eschar and covering of the wound becomes critical. Non-viable tissue is removed by initial aggressive surgical debridement. Many surgical options for covering the wound bed have been described, although split-thickness skin grafts remain the standard for the rapid and permanent closure of full-thickness burns. Significant advances made in the past decades have greatly improved burns patient care, as such that major future improvements in survival rates seem to be more difficult. Research into stem cells, grafting, biomarkers, inflammation control, and rehabilitation will continue to improve individualized care and create new treatment options for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gacto-Sanchez
- Plastic Surgeon, Plastic and Reconstructive Department, Burns Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain.
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18
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Naranda J, Gradišnik L, Gorenjak M, Vogrin M, Maver U. Isolation and characterization of human articular chondrocytes from surgical waste after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). PeerJ 2017; 5:e3079. [PMID: 28344902 PMCID: PMC5363257 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage tissue engineering is a fast-evolving field of biomedical engineering, in which the chondrocytes represent the most commonly used cell type. Since research in tissue engineering always consumes a lot of cells, simple and cheap isolation methods could form a powerful basis to boost such studies and enable their faster progress to the clinics. Isolated chondrocytes can be used for autologous chondrocyte implantation in cartilage repair, and are the base for valuable models to investigate cartilage phenotype preservation, as well as enable studies of molecular features, nature and scales of cellular responses to alterations in the cartilage tissue. METHODS Isolation and consequent cultivation of primary human adult articular chondrocytes from the surgical waste obtained during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was performed. To evaluate the chondrogenic potential of the isolated cells, gene expression of collagen type 2 (COL2), collagen 1 (COL1) and aggrecan (ACAN) was evaluated. Immunocytochemical staining of all mentioned proteins was performed to evaluate chondrocyte specific production. RESULTS Cartilage specific gene expression of COL2 and ACAN has been shown that the proposed protocol leads to isolation of cells with a high chondrogenic potential, possibly even specific phenotype preservation up to the second passage. COL1 expression has confirmed the tendency of the isolated cells dedifferentiation into a fibroblast-like phenotype already in the second passage, which confirms previous findings that higher passages should be used with care in cartilage tissue engineering. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, immunocytochemical staining of the evaluated chondrocyte specific products was performed as well. DISCUSSION In this study, we developed a protocol for isolation and consequent cultivation of primary human adult articular chondrocytes with the desired phenotype from the surgical waste obtained during TKA. TKA is a common and very frequently performed orthopaedic surgery during which both femoral condyles are removed. The latter present the ideal source for a simple and relatively cheap isolation of chondrocytes as was confirmed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Naranda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Gradišnik
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mario Gorenjak
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Vogrin
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
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19
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Öri F, Dietrich R, Ganz C, Dau M, Wolter D, Kasten A, Gerber T, Frerich B. Silicon-dioxide−polyvinylpyrrolidone as a wound dressing for skin defects in a murine model. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Maver T, Maver U, Kleinschek KS, Raščan IM, Smrke DM. Advanced therapies of skin injuries. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2015; 127 Suppl 5:S187-98. [PMID: 26404739 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-015-0859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The loss of tissue is still one of the most challenging problems in healthcare. Efficient laboratory expansion of skin tissue to reproduce the skins barrier function can make the difference between life and death for patients with extensive full-thickness burns, chronic wounds, or genetic disorders such as bullous conditions. This engineering has been initiated based on the acute need in the 1980s and today, tissue-engineered skin is the reality. The human skin equivalents are available not only as models for permeation and toxicity screening, but are frequently applied in vivo as clinical skin substitutes. This review aims to introduce the most important recent development in the extensive field of tissue engineering and to describe already approved, commercially available skin substitutes in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Maver
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory for Characterisation and Processing of Polymers, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Maver
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Karin Stana Kleinschek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory for Characterisation and Processing of Polymers, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Irena Mlinarič Raščan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Do AV, Khorsand B, Geary SM, Salem AK. 3D Printing of Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1742-62. [PMID: 26097108 PMCID: PMC4597933 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The current need for organ and tissue replacement, repair, and regeneration for patients is continually growing such that supply is not meeting demand primarily due to a paucity of donors as well as biocompatibility issues leading to immune rejection of the transplant. In order to overcome these drawbacks, scientists have investigated the use of scaffolds as an alternative to transplantation. These scaffolds are designed to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) by providing structural support as well as promoting attachment, proliferation, and differentiation with the ultimate goal of yielding functional tissues or organs. Initial attempts at developing scaffolds were problematic and subsequently inspired an interest in 3D printing as a mode for generating scaffolds. Utilizing three-dimensional printing (3DP) technologies, ECM-like scaffolds can be produced with a high degree of complexity, where fine details can be included at a micrometer level. In this Review, the criteria for printing viable and functional scaffolds, scaffolding materials, and 3DP technologies used to print scaffolds for tissue engineering are discussed. Creating biofunctional scaffolds could potentially help to meet the demand by patients for tissues and organs without having to wait or rely on donors for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Vu Do
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Behnoush Khorsand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sean M Geary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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Rowan MP, Cancio LC, Elster EA, Burmeister DM, Rose LF, Natesan S, Chan RK, Christy RJ, Chung KK. Burn wound healing and treatment: review and advancements. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2015; 19:243. [PMID: 26067660 PMCID: PMC4464872 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Burns are a prevalent and burdensome critical care problem. The priorities of specialized facilities focus on stabilizing the patient, preventing infection, and optimizing functional recovery. Research on burns has generated sustained interest over the past few decades, and several important advancements have resulted in more effective patient stabilization and decreased mortality, especially among young patients and those with burns of intermediate extent. However, for the intensivist, challenges often exist that complicate patient support and stabilization. Furthermore, burn wounds are complex and can present unique difficulties that require late intervention or life-long rehabilitation. In addition to improvements in patient stabilization and care, research in burn wound care has yielded advancements that will continue to improve functional recovery. This article reviews recent advancements in the care of burn patients with a focus on the pathophysiology and treatment of burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Rowan
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA.
| | - Leopoldo C Cancio
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Eric A Elster
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - David M Burmeister
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Lloyd F Rose
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Shanmugasundaram Natesan
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Rodney K Chan
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA.,Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brook Dr, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Robert J Christy
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Kevin K Chung
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA.,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
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Soboleva AG, Mezentsev A, Zolotorenko A, Bruskin S, Pirusian E. Three-Dimensional Skin Models of Psoriasis. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 199:301-10. [DOI: 10.1159/000369925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Taghiabadi E, Nasri S, Shafieyan S, Jalili Firoozinezhad S, Aghdami N. Fabrication and characterization of spongy denuded amniotic membrane based scaffold for tissue engineering. CELL JOURNAL 2015; 16:476-87. [PMID: 25685738 PMCID: PMC4297486 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2015.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective As a biological tissue material, amniotic membrane (AM) has low immunogenicity and to date has been widely adopted in clinical practice. However, some features
such as low biomechanical consistency and rapid biodegradation is limited the application
of AM. Therefore, in this study, we fabricated a novel three-dimensional (3D) spongy scaffold made of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of denuded AM. Due to their unique characteristics which are similar to the skin, these scaffolds can be considered as an alternative
option in skin tissue engineering.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, cellular components of human amniotic
membrane (HAM) were removed with 0.03% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Quantitative analysis was performed to determine levels of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), collagen, and
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). To increase the low efficiency and purity of the ECM component,
especially collagen and GAG, we applied an acid solubilization procedure hydrochloridric acid
(HCl 0.1 M) with pepsin (1 mg/ml). In the present experiment 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) cross linker agent was
used to improve the mechanical properties of 3D lyophilized AM scaffold. The spongy 3D AM
scaffolds were specified, by scanning electron microscopy, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, a swelling test, and mechanical strength and in vitro biodegradation tests. Human fetal
fibroblast culture systems were used to establish that the scaffolds were cytocompatible.
Results Histological analysis of treated human AM showed impressive removal of cellular components. DNA content was diminished after treatment (39 ± 4.06 μg/ml vs. 341 ±
29.60 μg/ml). Differences were observed between cellular and denude AM in matrix collagen (478 ± 18.06 μg/mg vs. 361 ± 27.47 μg/mg).With the optimum concentration of 1 mM
NHS/EDC ratio1:4, chemical cross-linker agent could significantly increase the mechanical property, and resistance to collagenase digestion. The results of 2, 4, 6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) test showed that cross-linking efficiency of AM derived ECM scaffolds was about 65% ± 10.53. Scaffolds treated with NHS/EDC cross-linker agent by 100
μg/ml collagenase, lost 75% of their dry weight after 14 days. The average pore size of
3D spongy scaffold was 160 µm measured from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images that it is suitable for cell penetration, nutrients and gas change. In addition, the NHS/
EDC cross-linked AM scaffolds were able to support human fetal fibroblast cell proliferation in vitro. Extracts and contact prepared from the 3D spongy scaffold of AM showed a
significant increase in the attachment and proliferation of the human fetal fibroblasts cells. Conclusion The extra-cellular matrix of denuded AM-based scaffold displays the main
properties required for substitute skin including natural in vitro biodegradation, similar
physical and mechanical characterization, nontoxic biomaterial and no toxic effect on cell
attachment and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Taghiabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payame NOOR University, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Regenerative Biomedicine at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Nasri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payame NOOR University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Shafieyan
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Jalili Firoozinezhad
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Maldonado AA, Cristóbal L, Martín-López J, Mallén M, García-Honduvilla N, Buján J. A novel model of human skin pressure ulcers in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109003. [PMID: 25310568 PMCID: PMC4195607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pressure ulcers are a prevalent health problem in today's society. The shortage of suitable animal models limits our understanding and our ability to develop new therapies. This study aims to report on the development of a novel and reproducible human skin pressure ulcer model in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male non-obese, diabetic, severe combined immunodeficiency mice (n = 22) were engrafted with human skin. A full-thickness skin graft was placed onto 4×3 cm wounds created on the dorsal skin of the mice. Two groups with permanent grafts were studied after 60 days. The control group (n = 6) was focused on the process of engraftment. Evaluations were conducted with photographic assessment, histological analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. The pressure ulcer group (n = 12) was created using a compression device. A pressure of 150 mmHg for 8 h, with a total of three cycles of compression-release was exerted. Evaluations were conducted with photographic assessment and histological analysis. RESULTS Skin grafts in the control group took successfully, as shown by visual assessment, FISH techniques and histological analysis. Pressure ulcers in the second group showed full-thickness skin loss with damage and necrosis of all the epidermal and dermal layers (ulcer stage III) in all cases. Complete repair occurred after 40 days. CONCLUSIONS An inexpensive, reproducible human skin pressure ulcer model has been developed. This novel model will facilitate the development of new clinically relevant therapeutic strategies that can be tested directly on human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés A. Maldonado
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Burn Unit, University Hospital of Getafe, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Lara Cristóbal
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Burn Unit, University Hospital of Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-López
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Mallén
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital Central de la Defensa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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Zonari A, Cerqueira MT, Novikoff S, Goes AM, Marques AP, Correlo VM, Reis RL. Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co
-hydroxyvalerate) Bilayer Skin Tissue Engineering Constructs with Improved Epidermal Rearrangement. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:977-90. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zonari
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology; Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais; Caixa Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Mariana T. Cerqueira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Silviene Novikoff
- Department of Nephrology; Federal University of São Paulo; CEP: 04.023-900 São Paulo- SP Brazil
| | - Alfredo M. Goes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology; Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais; Caixa Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Alexandra P. Marques
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Vitor M. Correlo
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
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Finesilver G, Bailly J, Kahana M, Mitrani E. Kidney derived micro-scaffolds enable HK-2 cells to develop more in-vivo like properties. Exp Cell Res 2014; 322:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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3D scaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: beyond structural templates? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4155/pbp.13.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Müller M, Becher J, Schnabelrauch M, Zenobi-Wong M. Printing thermoresponsive reverse molds for the creation of patterned two-component hydrogels for 3D cell culture. J Vis Exp 2013:e50632. [PMID: 23892955 PMCID: PMC3732096 DOI: 10.3791/50632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emerging technology that has its origins in the rapid prototyping industry. The different printing processes can be divided into contact bioprinting(1-4) (extrusion, dip pen and soft lithography), contactless bioprinting(5-7) (laser forward transfer, ink-jet deposition) and laser based techniques such as two photon photopolymerization(8). It can be used for many applications such as tissue engineering(9-13), biosensor microfabrication(14-16) and as a tool to answer basic biological questions such as influences of co-culturing of different cell types(17). Unlike common photolithographic or soft-lithographic methods, extrusion bioprinting has the advantage that it does not require a separate mask or stamp. Using CAD software, the design of the structure can quickly be changed and adjusted according to the requirements of the operator. This makes bioprinting more flexible than lithography-based approaches. Here we demonstrate the printing of a sacrificial mold to create a multi-material 3D structure using an array of pillars within a hydrogel as an example. These pillars could represent hollow structures for a vascular network or the tubes within a nerve guide conduit. The material chosen for the sacrificial mold was poloxamer 407, a thermoresponsive polymer with excellent printing properties which is liquid at 4 °C and a solid above its gelation temperature ~20 °C for 24.5% w/v solutions(18). This property allows the poloxamer-based sacrificial mold to be eluted on demand and has advantages over the slow dissolution of a solid material especially for narrow geometries. Poloxamer was printed on microscope glass slides to create the sacrificial mold. Agarose was pipetted into the mold and cooled until gelation. After elution of the poloxamer in ice cold water, the voids in the agarose mold were filled with alginate methacrylate spiked with FITC labeled fibrinogen. The filled voids were then cross-linked with UV and the construct was imaged with an epi-fluorescence microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Müller
- Department of Health Science & Technology, Cartilage Engineering & Regeneration
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30
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Choi SM, Singh D, Kumar A, Oh TH, Cho YW, Han SS. Porous Three-Dimensional PVA/Gelatin Sponge for Skin Tissue Engineering. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2012.710862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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31
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Ruetze M, Knauer T, Gallinat S, Wenck H, Achterberg V, Maerz A, Deppert W, Knott A. A novel niche for skin derived precursors in non-follicular skin. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 69:132-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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32
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Lu T, Li Y, Chen T. Techniques for fabrication and construction of three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:337-50. [PMID: 23345979 PMCID: PMC3551462 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s38635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional biomimetic scaffolds have widespread applications in biomedical tissue engineering because of their nanoscaled architecture, eg, nanofibers and nanopores, similar to the native extracellular matrix. In the conventional “top-down” approach, cells are seeded onto a biocompatible and biodegradable scaffold, in which cells are expected to populate in the scaffold and create their own extracellular matrix. The top-down approach based on these scaffolds has successfully engineered thin tissues, including skin, bladder, and cartilage in vitro. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate complex and functional tissues (eg, liver and kidney) due to the lack of vascularization systems and limited diffusion properties of these large biomimetic scaffolds. The emerging “bottom-up” method may hold great potential to address these challenges, and focuses on fabricating microscale tissue building blocks with a specific microarchitecture and assembling these units to engineer larger tissue constructs from the bottom up. In this review, state-of-the-art methods for fabrication of three-dimensional biomimetic scaffolds are presented, and their advantages and drawbacks are discussed. The bottom-up methods used to assemble microscale building blocks (eg, microscale hydrogels) for tissue engineering are also reviewed. Finally, perspectives on future development of the bottom-up approach for tissue engineering are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
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