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Ng R, El-Den S, Collins JC, Stewart V, McMillan SS, Hu J, Wheeler AJ, O'Reilly CL. Exploring the implementation of a novel community pharmacist-led support service for people living with severe and persistent mental illness. Res Social Adm Pharm 2024; 20:113-122. [PMID: 38467520 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community pharmacists are well-placed to promote and provide mental health medication management services. However, literature evaluating the impact of pharmacy services in supporting people living with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) is currently limited. An individualised, goal-oriented pharmacist-led support service that focused on improving the physical and mental health of consumers living with SPMI, namely the PharMIbridge intervention, was provided to consumer participants as part of the PharMIbridge Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT). OBJECTIVE(S) To explore the experiences of the participants who delivered and supported the implementation of the PharMIbridge intervention and propose ideas and supports needed for broader implementation and sustainability of pharmacist-led support services for people living with SPMI. METHODS Interviews and focus group discussions were undertaken with PharMIbridge pharmacists and mentors, respectively. Audio-recordings were de-identified and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was conducted using an iterative, inductive approach. The key themes identified were furthered divided into subthemes. Subthemes were then mapped to the EPIS (Exploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainment) framework. RESULTS Data were collected from one focus group involving six RCT mentors and 16 semi-structured interviews with community pharmacists. Five overarching themes emerged: "Training needs", "Pharmacist integration within the healthcare system", "Environmental factors", "Attitudes and behaviour" and "Pharmacy operations". Twelve subthemes were mapped to EPIS phases "Preparation", "Implementation" and "Sustainment" and EPIS constructs "Outer" context, "Inner" context and "Bridging" factors. CONCLUSION Adequate remuneration and supports to encourage healthcare professional collaboration are necessary to establish and sustain functioning, integrated pharmacy mental health services. A shift in pharmacy business and workflow models is necessary to support community pharmacies to implement mental health services. In addition, there is a need to promote psychological support services to ensure that pharmacists are well supported while delivering pharmacy mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricki Ng
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Sarira El-Den
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Jack C Collins
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Victoria Stewart
- Centre for Mental Health and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Sara S McMillan
- Centre for Mental Health and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Jie Hu
- Centre for Mental Health and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda J Wheeler
- Centre for Mental Health and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Claire L O'Reilly
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
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Alzahrani F, Sandaqji Y, Alharrah A, Alblowi R, Alrehaili S, Mohammed-Saeid W. Community Pharmacies' Promotion of Smoking Cessation Support Services in Saudi Arabia: Examining Current Practice and Barriers. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1841. [PMID: 37444675 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community pharmacists' interventions have been found to be highly effective. However, to date, there has been little information about pharmacists' potential roles and perceived barriers to providing smoking cessation. This study aimed to assess the potential role of community pharmacists in supporting their patients to quit smoking by summarizing their self-reported level of current activities, confidence, and perceived barriers; Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was used for a cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia. As part of the questionnaire, demographic characteristics were measured, as well as confidence, perceived berries, and level of smoking cessation activities (asking, advising, assessing, assisting, and arranging, including follow-up).; Results: 370 community pharmacists practicing responded to the survey. Pharmacists indicated high activity rates about advising and assessing patients in quitting smoking, with lower rates of assisting and arranging, including following up. The rate of recording smoking status was very low. There were significant differences between gender, source of education, years practicing as a licensed pharmacist, attended an education or training program on smoking cessation, and interest in providing smoking and perceived practice of smoking cessation. Pharmacists are confident about providing smoking cessation activities. Barriers to providing smoking cessation services include unable to follow up, lack of counseling space, lack of educational materials, and lack of time.; Conclusions: Saudi Arabian community pharmacists actively offer smoking cessation services, which may reduce smoking-related health issues. It appears that pharmacists need to be empowered by team-based, systematic, comprehensive approaches to overcome barriers and enhance their confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alzahrani
- Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed Sandaqji
- College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ramzi Alblowi
- College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samer Alrehaili
- College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Mohammed-Saeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
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Rotimi K, Edeh FK, Aiden J, Itiola AJ, Obamiro K. Factors that influence pharmacists' efforts in addressing substance use in Nigeria: An exploratory study. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2022; 8:100189. [PMID: 36311825 PMCID: PMC9615029 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2022.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Substance use is a major global public health problem. Over the years, the burden of substance use has increased worldwide, with Nigeria having a prevalence that is substantially above the global average. Tackling this challenge requires a collaborative effort between different health professionals. Despite the critical roles pharmacists could play in substance use prevention and management, exploration of pharmacists' role in mitigating substance use in society has received limited attention in most sub-Saharan countries. In this study, we explored the experiences of pharmacists in substance use prevention and management. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews to explore pharmacists' perceptions of their roles in the prevention and management of substance use in Nigeria. Following data transcription, we conducted a thematic content analysis. Results The four major themes that emerged included 1) the extent of pharmacists' involvement in the decision-making process for addressing substance use, 2) factors that influence pharmacists efforts in addressing substance use in Nigeria, 3) how to improve rational prescribing practices and, 4) capacity building to enhance pharmacists participation in addressing substance use. Conclusion Pharmacists have the opportunity to play critical roles in the prevention and management of substance use, but several individual and systemic challenges limit their full potential. Addressing these challenges is crucial in increasing pharmacists' participation in preventing and managing substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunle Rotimi
- Malaria Consortium, Nigeria,Corresponding author.
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Rezahi S, Mathers A, Benny Gerard N, Mak KC, Dolovich L. Pharmacist contributions to patient care and medical conditions present among recipients of Ontario primary care team pharmacist-led medication reviews: a qualitative analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2021; 29:385-388. [PMID: 33950193 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Family Health Teams (FHTs) in Ontario, Canada are interdisciplinary primary healthcare practices where pharmacists engage in patient care including medication and chronic disease management. METHODS Descriptive content analysis was used to examine qualitative responses of FHT pharmacists on their most significant contribution to a patient's medication management. KEY FINDINGS Common roles described included medication management (70.2%), counselling and education (15.5%), monitoring and optimization (11.3%) and administration (3.1%). Chronic conditions addressed were diabetes (39.0%), cardiovascular (22.0%), pain (17.0%) and mental health (11.0%). CONCLUSIONS While FHT pharmacists primarily view themselves as medication management experts, larger roles in counselling, education and chronic disease management are key contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rezahi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annalise Mathers
- Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kei Cheng Mak
- Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Dolovich
- Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Christou M, Shelton G, Walji M, Kinsey H, Whiteside H, Wright DJ. Structured block placements of hospital pre-registration trainee pharmacists in primary care medical practices across the United Kingdom: Lessons from a pilot scheme. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2021; 13:302-311. [PMID: 33641742 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is increasing demand for suitably trained pharmacists to undertake clinical roles in primary care general practices across the United Kingdom. This necessitates development of sustainable training opportunities to both better prepare future registrants for such roles and raise awareness of the new career pathway. Educational activity and setting: Hospital pre-registration trainee pharmacists undertook four or eight-week placements in general practice as part of their training year. Trainees attended an introductory session and received educational support tools six weeks prior to their placements. Each trainee had an allocated clinical supervisor in general practice and maintained communication with their hospital tutor. On completion of all placements, trainees and general practice staff were asked to share perceptions and outcomes via online questionnaires. FINDINGS Most trainees reported that the clinical supervision arrangements were satisfactory and found the placement workbook useful for guiding daily activities. Key benefits from the placements included enhanced understanding of the patient journey across healthcare sectors, increased confidence, and raised awareness of general practice as a career option. Main limitations included restricted opportunities to engage in patient-centred activities and lack of integration with general practice teams. All trainees stated that the presence of a general practice pharmacist was essential for learning support. SUMMARY This model demonstrated the feasibility of structured block placements of trainee pharmacists in general practice with identified benefits for trainees and pharmacy workforce requirements. Future research:Identified key limitations to this model need further investigation, to improve the design of future placements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Christou
- Director East of England Pre-registration Pharmacist Programme, University of East Anglia School of Pharmacy, Earlham Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Gill Shelton
- Associate Chief Pharmacist - Workforce, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge BIomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Meb Walji
- Chief Pharmacist, Octagon Medical Practice, Nene Valley, Clayton, Orton Goldhay, Peterborough PE2 5GP, United Kingdom.
| | - Hannah Kinsey
- Research Pharmacist and Lecturer in Pharmacy Practice, University of East Anglia School of Pharmacy, Earlham Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Hattie Whiteside
- Lecturer in Pharmacy Practice, University of East Anglia School of Pharmacy, Earlham Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - David J Wright
- Professor in Pharmacy Practice, University of East Anglia School of Pharmacy, Earlham Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
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Expanding pharmacists' roles: Pharmacists' perspectives on barriers and facilitators to collaborative practice. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2020; 61:213-220.e1. [PMID: 33359117 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pharmacy profession is shifting from transactional dispensing of medication to a more comprehensive, patient-centered model of care. Collaborative practice agreements (CPAs) extend the role of a pharmacist to initiate, monitor, modify, and discontinue drug therapies and provide other clinical services. Although collaborative practice has been shown to improve health system efficiency and patient outcomes, little is known about how pharmacists perceive CPAs. To explore pharmacists' perspectives of CPAs, including barriers and facilitators to CPA implementation. METHODS Semistructured key informant interviews were used to elicit information from licensed pharmacists practicing in a variety of settings in Arizona. Thematic analysis was used to identify key qualitative themes. RESULTS Seventeen interviews of pharmacists with (n = 11, 64.7%) and without (n = 6, 35.3%) CPAs were conducted in April-May 2019. The pharmacists saw their role in CPAs as supportive, filling a care gap for overburdened providers. A heightened sense of job satisfaction was reported owing to increased pharmacist autonomy, application of advanced knowledge and clinical skills, and ability to have a positive impact on patients' health. Challenges to the implementation of CPAs included liability and billing issues, logistic concerns, some experiences with provider hesitancy, and lack of information and resources to establish and maintain a CPA. The barriers could be overcome with conscious team-building efforts to establish trust and prove the worth of pharmacists in health care teams; strategic engagement of stakeholders in the development of CPAs, including billing and legal departments; and mentorship in the CPA creation process. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacists in this study enjoyed practicing collaboratively and had overall positive perceptions of CPAs. As health worker shortages become more dire and pharmacy practice evolves to expand the role of pharmacists in providing direct patient care, CPAs will be an important tool for restructuring care tasks within health systems.
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Davis B, Qian J, Ngorsuraches S, Jeminiwa R, Garza KB. The clinical impact of pharmacist services on mental health collaborative teams: A systematic review. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2020; 60:S44-S53. [PMID: 32600986 PMCID: PMC7529835 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical impact of mental health collaborative teams that include pharmacists. DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsychInfo, Clinialtrials.gov, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. STUDY SELECTIONS Studies in which pharmacists were part of a mental health collaborative team (defined as 2 or more health care providers working together to provide enhanced mental health care services to patients), mental health clinical outcomes were measured with a validated tool, and the articles were written in English were included. Articles were searched from database inception to July 2019 and were excluded if a quantifiable comparison of mental health clinical outcomes was not included or collaboration was not described. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts for relevance. Full-text articles that potentially met inclusion criteria were retrieved, read, and evaluated for inclusion using the eligibility criteria. RESULTS All 9 included studies reported improvements in mental health clinical outcomes when using collaborative teams that included pharmacists. Depression (n = 8) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (n = 1) were the mental health conditions included in the studies. Overall, 5 of 7 of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) had statistically significant improvement in mental health clinical outcomes between the intervention groups, which included the collaborative teams and a "usual care" groups, which did not. Four of the 5 studies were set in Veterans Affairs (VA) clinics. The 2 non-RCT pre-post studies showed improvements in clinical outcomes but did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSION Evidence shows that collaborative teams that include pharmacists are effective at improving mental health outcomes in patients with depression and PTSD. Future studies should include non-VA settings and other mental health conditions to understand pharmacists' impact more broadly in mental health collaborative teams. Clarifying and understanding the overlapping roles and responsibilities of members of the team may be the next step to continue improving mental health clinical outcomes.
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Development of Key Performance Indicators for Capturing Impact of Pharmaceutical Care in Palestinian Integrative Healthcare Facilities: A Delphi Consensus Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7527543. [PMID: 32714418 PMCID: PMC7334769 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7527543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The current study was performed to develop a consensus-based core inventory of key performance indicators (KPIs) to be used in capturing the impact of pharmaceutical care in healthcare facilities that employ integrative medicine paradigm in Palestine. Methods A panel of healthcare professionals and risk/quality assurance managers was composed employing a judgmental sampling technique. The study tool was a questionnaire. Views and opinions of the panelists on the roles of pharmacists in caring for patients admitted to or visiting healthcare facilities that employ integrative medicine were collected using 11 statements. An initial inventory of activities and services that potentially can be used as KPIs was compiled from the literature and interviews with key contact experts in the domain. Three iterative Delphi rounds were conducted among the panelists (n = 50) to achieve formal consensus on the KPIs that should be used. The consensus-based KPIs were ordered by the scores of the panelists. Results A total of 8 consensus-based KPIs were developed. The KPIs related to the number of problems related to medications and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) that were resolved by pharmacists and CAM practitioners (p < 0.0001), number of patients for whom reconciliations were documented (p < 0.0001), number of patients receiving direct, comprehensive, and/or collaborative care (p < 0.0001), and number of patients for whom pharmacists and CAM practitioners were involved in implementing a therapeutic plan (p < 0.05) were rated significantly higher than the KPI (#8) related to the participation in multi-healthcare provider discussions/deliberations. Conclusions Consensus-based KPIs that can be used in capturing the impact of evidence-based CAM and pharmaceutical care of patients in healthcare facilities that employ integrative medicine paradigm were developed. Future studies are still needed to investigate if implementing these KPIs might promote evidence-based CAM and pharmaceutical care in healthcare facilities that employ the integrative medicine paradigm.
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Donovan G, Brown A, Von Hatten E, Armstrong C, Hardisty J. Introducing pharmacy students to the structure and function of general practice through undergraduate placements. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2019; 11:1055-1064. [PMID: 31685176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to design and evaluate the introduction of a sustainable and feasible structure of placements in general practice for third-year pharmacy students at the University of Sunderland. The national agenda in the United Kingdom (UK) calls for an increased presence of pharmacists within general practice; therefore, development of placements in this is setting is aligned to the development of these new roles. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING The placements were located in general practice surgeries in the North East of England in the UK. Students engaged in activities which introduced them to the structure and function of general practice and familiarise them with the role of pharmacists and other practice staff. Two cohorts undertook the education activity during the development process. The first cohort was comprised of 213 students, with 193 students the following year. FINDINGS An action research approach was taken to evaluate and revise the design of the placement. The final design and delivery have been shown to have a positive impact on student learning experience, be feasible and sustainable. The placement was also successful at introducing students to potential future roles in general practice for pharmacists. SUMMARY This model of general practice placement provision was found to be a feasible and sustainable delivery model, which was well received by undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Donovan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Dale Building, Pasteur 153, Sciences Complex, Wharncliffe Street, Sunderland SR1 3SD, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew Brown
- CBC Health Ltd, Building 7, Queens Park, Queensway North, Team Valley, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear NE11 0QD, United Kingdom.
| | - Emily Von Hatten
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Dale Building, Sciences Complex, Wharncliffe Street, Sunderland SR1 3SD, United Kingdom.
| | - Catherine Armstrong
- CBC Health Ltd, Building 7, Queens Park, Queensway North, Team Valley, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear NE11 0QD, United Kingdom.
| | - Jessica Hardisty
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Dale Building, Pasteur 153, Sciences Complex, Wharncliffe Street, Sunderland SR1 3SD, United Kingdom.
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Arif S, Wang S, Lakada IY, Lee JY. An Elective Course to Train Student Pharmacists to Provide Culturally Sensitive Health Care. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2019; 83:7027. [PMID: 31831894 PMCID: PMC6900825 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To design and implement an elective course that prepares student pharmacists to provide culturally sensitive health care by developing their knowledge, self-confidence, and clinical and communication skills for working with patients from various cultural backgrounds during community health screenings. Methods. In this one-credit-hour elective course, second- and third-year pharmacy students were taught about chronic disease states affecting various minorities, approaches to improve their communication with patients from various cultural backgrounds, and proper use of cardiometabolic equipment during health screening events. After a health screening event at the end of the course, knowledge scores, self-confidence, clinical skills, and communication skills were compared between students who took the elective course and those in a control group. A pre-post elective survey was administered to second- and third-year students enrolled in the elective course to assess differences in understanding, self-confidence, clinical skills, and communication skills. Results. The 31 students who completed the elective course performed better on the knowledge quiz questions than did the 31 students in the control group (response rate 100%). Self-confidence, and communication and clinical skills scores were higher among those who completed the elective course than those who did not. There was an increase in knowledge scores for all students enrolled in the course. Second-year students were just as confident in their abilities as third-year students by the end of course. Conclusion. An elective course focused on better preparing students to provide culturally sensitive health awareness through community health screenings improved students' overall knowledge, clinical skills, communication skills, and self-confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Arif
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Sheila Wang
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | | | - Jane Y. Lee
- AbbVie Pharmaceuticals, North Chicago, Illinois
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Greaves RF, Bernardini S, Ferrari M, Fortina P, Gouget B, Gruson D, Lang T, Loh TP, Morris HA, Park JY, Roessler M, Yin P, Kricka LJ. Key questions about the future of laboratory medicine in the next decade of the 21st century: A report from the IFCC-Emerging Technologies Division. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:570-589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ray S, Ticcioni A, Mueller R, Battaglia J. Design and short-term impact of an event to promote careers in clinical pharmacy. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2018; 10:389-395. [PMID: 29764645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is a role for local pharmacy organizations to promote clinical pharmacy and increase awareness to both potential and current pharmacy students. The Greater Milwaukee College of Clinical Pharmacy (GMCCP) chapter sought to promote clinical pharmacy amongst current and prospective pharmacy students to increase the knowledge, awareness, and interest in clinical pharmacy. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING Subcommittee members designed programming to introduce the basics of clinical pharmacy. Students from three schools of pharmacy and more than 40 colleges in the region were invited to the event. Didactic and discussion-based content was developed. Pharmacists from GMCCP were solicited as presenters, along with a current pharmacy student and resident. Participants were asked to complete pre-event and post-event surveys to assess their awareness of and interest in clinical pharmacy. Volunteer pharmacists were also surveyed after the event. FINDINGS Twenty-eight individuals attended the event. Nineteen students completed both the pre- and post-survey. The comparison between median score pre- and post-event was analyzed with the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Students' awareness and knowledge of clinical pharmacy improved after attending the event. Students' interest in a career in clinical pharmacy also increased after attending the event. Nine of the thirteen volunteer breakout session pharmacists (69%) responded to the post-event survey. The majority strongly agreed that participants were interested in learning about their area of practice and asked meaningful questions appropriate for their area of practice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The Exploring Careers in Clinical Pharmacy event increased awareness of clinical pharmacy career choices available within the profession of pharmacy. Local, regional, and national pharmacy organizations may consider utilizing the diverse talent of their membership and collaborate with colleges of pharmacy or other organizations to impact the knowledge, awareness, and interest in clinical pharmacy as a future career choice for pre-pharmacy and current pharmacy students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ray
- Concordia University Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, 12800N, Lake Shore Drive, Mequon, WI 53097, United States.
| | - Andrew Ticcioni
- Ascension Wheaton Franciscan - St. Joseph Campus, 5000W, Chambers Street, Milwaukee, WI 53210, United States.
| | - Robert Mueller
- Concordia University Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, 12800N, Lake Shore Drive, Mequon, WI 53097, United States.
| | - Jessica Battaglia
- Aurora Sinai Medical Center, 1020N, 12th Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233, United States.
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