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Aristarco V, Serrano D, Maisonneuve P, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Lazzeroni M, Feroce I, Macis D, Cavadini E, Albertazzi E, Jemos C, Omodeo Salè E, Cortesi L, Massarut S, Gulisano M, Daidone MG, Johansson H, Bonanni B. Fenretinide in Young Women at Genetic or Familial Risk of Breast Cancer: A Placebo-Controlled Biomarker Trial. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2024; 17:255-263. [PMID: 38530139 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Fenretinide, a retinoid with a low-toxicity profile that accumulates in the breast, has been shown to prevent second breast cancer in young women. Fenretinide exhibits apoptotic and antiinvasive properties and it improves insulin sensitivity in overweight premenopausal women with insulin resistance. This study aimed to further characterize its role in cancer prevention by measuring circulating biomarkers related to insulin sensitivity and breast cancer risk.Sixty-two women, ages 20 to 46 years, healthy or who had already undergone breast cancer surgery, with a known BRCA1/2 mutation or a likelihood of mutation ≥20% according to the BRCAPRO model, were randomly assigned to receive fenretinide (200 mg/day) or placebo for 5 years (trial registration: EudraCT No. 2009-010260-41). Fasting blood samples were drawn at baseline, 12 and 36 months, and the following biomarkers were analyzed: retinol, leptin, adiponectin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), IGF-binding protein 3, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).After 12 months of treatment, we observed a favorable effect of fenretinide on glucose (decrease; P = 0.005), insulin (decrease; P = 0.03), homeostatic model assessment index (decrease; P = 0.004), HDL cholesterol (increase; P = 0.002), even though these effects were less prominent after 36 months. Retinol and retinol-binding protein 4 markedly decreased (P < 0.0001) throughout the study. None of the other measured biomarkers changed. PREVENTION RELEVANCE Fenretinide exhibits beneficial effects on the metabolic profile, supporting its clinical use in breast cancer prevention especially in premenopausal women with a positive family history and pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 genes. This finding requires further investigations in larger trials to confirm its role in breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Aristarco
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Serrano
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrick Maisonneuve
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Lazzeroni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Feroce
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Macis
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cavadini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan. Italy
| | - Elena Albertazzi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Costantino Jemos
- Division of Pharmacy, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Cortesi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Samuele Massarut
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Daidone
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Harriet Johansson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Alotaibi BS, El-Masry TA, Selim H, El-Bouseary MM, El-Sheekh MM, Makhlof MEM, El-Nagar MMF. New insights into the anticancer effects of Polycladia crinita aqueous extract and its selenium nanoformulation against the solid Ehrlich carcinoma model in mice via VEGF, notch 1, NF-кB, cyclin D1, and caspase 3 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1345516. [PMID: 38469406 PMCID: PMC10926956 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1345516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Phaeophyceae species are enticing interest among researchers working in the nanotechnology discipline, because of their diverse biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-tumor. In the present study, the anti-cancer properties of Polycladia crinita extract and green synthesized Polycladia crinita selenium nanoparticles (PCSeNPs) against breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) were investigated. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy examinations of Polycladia crinita were determined and various analytical procedures, such as SEM, TEM, EDX, and XRD, were employed to characterize the biosynthesized PCSeNPs. In vitro, the anticancer activity of free Polycladia crinita and PCSeNPs was evaluated using the viability assay against MDA-MB-231, and also cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry was determined. Furthermore, to study the possible mechanisms behind the in vivo anti-tumor action, mice bearing SEC were randomly allocated into six equal groups (n = 6). Group 1: Tumor control group, group 2: free SeNPs, group 3: 25 mg/kg Polycladia crinita, group 4: 50 mg/kg Polycladia crinita, group 5: 25 mg/kg PCSeNPs, group 6: 50 mg/kg PCSeNPs. Results: Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy examinations of Polycladia crinita extract exposed the presence of many bioactive compounds, such as 4-Octadecenoic acid-methyl ester, Tetradecanoic acid, and n-Hexadecenoic acid. These compounds together with other compounds found, might work in concert to encourage the development of anti-tumor activities. Polycladia crinita extract and PCSeNPs were shown to inhibit cancer cell viability and early cell cycle arrest. Concentrations of 50 mg/kg of PCSeNPs showed suppression of COX-2, NF-кB, VEGF, ki-67, Notch 1, and Bcl-2 protein levels. Otherwise, showed amplification of the caspase 3, BAX, and P53 protein levels. Moreover, gene expression of caspase 3, caspase 9, Notch 1, cyclin D1, NF-кB, IL-6, and VEGF was significantly more effective with PCSeNPs than similar doses of free extract. Conclusion: The PCSeNPs mediated their promising anti-cancerous action by enhancing apoptosis and mitigating inflammation, which manifested in promoting the total survival rate and the tumor volume decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thanaa A. El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hend Selim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Maisra M. El-Bouseary
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Mofida E. M. Makhlof
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Maysa M. F. El-Nagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Alsanafi M, Brown RDR, Oh J, Adams DR, Torta F, Pyne NJ, Pyne S. Dihydroceramide Desaturase Functions as an Inducer and Rectifier of Apoptosis: Effect of Retinol Derivatives, Antioxidants and Phenolic Compounds. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:461-475. [PMID: 33991313 PMCID: PMC8551130 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-00990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroceramide desaturase (Degs1) catalyses the introduction of a 4,5-trans double bond into dihydroceramide to form ceramide. We show here that Degs1 is polyubiquitinated in response to retinol derivatives, phenolic compounds or anti-oxidants in HEK293T cells. The functional predominance of native versus polyubiquitinated forms of Degs1 appears to govern cytotoxicity. Therefore, 4-HPR or celecoxib appear to stimulate the de novo ceramide pathway (with the exception of C24:0 ceramide), using native Degs1, and thereby promote PARP cleavage and LC3B-I/II processing (autophagy/apoptosis). The ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of Degs1 is positively linked to cell survival via XBP-1s and results in a concomitant increase in dihydroceramides and a decrease in C24:0 ceramide levels. However, in the case of 4-HPR or celecoxib, the native form of Degs1 functionally predominates, such that the apoptotic programme is sustained. In contrast, 4-HPA or AM404 do not produce apoptotic ceramide, using native Degs1, but do promote a rectifier function to induce ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of Degs1 and are not cytotoxic. Therefore, Degs1 appears to function both as an 'inducer' and 'rectifier' of apoptosis in response to chemical cellular stress, the dynamic balance for which is dependent on the nature of chemical stress, thereby determining cytotoxicity. The de novo synthesis of ceramide or the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of Degs1 in response to anti-oxidants, retinol derivatives and phenolic compounds appear to involve sensors, and for rectifier function, this might be Degs1 itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Alsanafi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Ryan D R Brown
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Jeongah Oh
- SLING, Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biochemistry, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David R Adams
- School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Federico Torta
- SLING, Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biochemistry, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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Fenretinide reduces angiogenesis by downregulating CDH5, FOXM1 and eNOS genes and suppressing microRNA-10b. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1649-1658. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abdallah Q, Al-Deeb I, Bader A, Hamam F, Saleh K, Abdulmajid A. Anti-angiogenic activity of Middle East medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2441-2448. [PMID: 29901194 PMCID: PMC6072233 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in malignant tumor progression and development. The present study aimed to identify lead plants with selective anti-angiogenic properties. A total of 26 methanolic extracts obtained from 18 plants growing in Saudi Arabia and Jordan that belong to the Lamiaceae family were screened for their cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic activities using MTT and rat aortic ring assays, respectively. Four novel extracts of Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav., Phlomis viscosa Poir, Salvia samuelssonii Rech.f., and Premna resinosa (Hochst.) Schauer were identified for their selective anti-angiogenic effects. These extracts did not exhibit cytotoxic effects on human endothelial cells (EA.hy926) indicating the involvement of indirect anti-angiogenic mechanisms. The active extracts are potential candidates for further phytochemical and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasem Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Makkah 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Al-Deeb
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Ammar Bader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al‑Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Hamam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Makkah 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamel Saleh
- Department of Biology, Science College, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amin Abdulmajid
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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Kathawala RJ, Kudelka A, Rigas B. The Chemoprevention of Ovarian Cancer: the Need and the Options. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 4:250-260. [PMID: 30363743 PMCID: PMC6182352 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-018-0133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the most lethal of all gynecological cancers, with a 5-year survival around 46%, mainly due to limitations in early diagnosis and treatment. Consequently, the chemoprevention of OvCa emerges as an important option to control this dismal disease. Here, we discuss the role of risk assessment in the design of chemoprevention strategies for OvCa, describe candidate agents, and assess future directions in this field. RECENT FINDINGS OvCa chemoprevention represents an opportunity for all women, especially those at high risk such as carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The use of oral contraceptives confers substantial protection against OvCa including women at high risk, which increases with longer use. Despite strong evidence for their efficacy, safety concerns and the magnitude of the requisite interventional clinical trials seem to have precluded definitive studies of oral contraceptives for this application. Several other classes of drugs, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, retinoids, angiopreventive agents, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown promise for OvCa chemoprevention. SUMMARY Currently, no agent is proven by interventional trials to possess chemopreventive properties against OvCa. The key opportunities in the chemoprevention of OvCa include the development of surrogate biomarkers for OvCa, the molecular definition of OvCa risk that will help select those who may benefit the most from chemoprevention, the identification of additional agents likely driven by understanding the molecular pathogenesis of OvCa, and the development of dedicated resources and support mechanisms for OvCa. Overall, there is significant optimism for the future of OvCa chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej Kudelka
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Basil Rigas
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
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Adaramoye OA, Erguen B, Nitzsche B, Höpfner M, Jung K, Rabien A. Antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials of methanol extract of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich in PC-3 and LNCaP cells. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 28:403-412. [PMID: 28599387 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies showed that fruit methanol extract from Xylopia aethiopica (MEXA) exhibited antiproliferative activity in human cervical cancer cells via the induction of apoptosis. The present study was designed to assess the antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and antioxidant effects of MEXA on prostate cancer (PCa) cells (PC-3 and LNCaP). METHODS PC-3 and LNCaP cells were cultured and treated with MEXA (10, 50 and 100 μg/mL). The sodium 3'-[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis (4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were used to evaluate cell viability and cytotoxicity, respectively. DNA fragmentation was determined by cell death detection ELISA plus, and angiogenesis was assessed by chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The antioxidant activities of MEXA were determined by DPPH and hydroxyl (OH) radicals' scavenging methods as well as through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rats' liver homogenate. RESULTS MEXA at 100, 250 and 500 μg/mL scavenged DPPH by 48%, 62%, 70% and OH radical by 39%, 58%, 67%, respectively. MEXA significantly (p<0.05) inhibited LPO in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, MEXA had antiproliferative effects on PC-3 and LNCaP with IC50 of 62.1 and 73.6 μg/mL, respectively, at 96 h. The LDH assay showed that MEXA had low toxicity in vitro at its IC50 values. The extent of DNA fragmentation by MEXA showed higher values in PC-3 and LNCaP, suggesting the possible induction of apoptosis. In contrast, MEXA did not affect the network of vessels in CAM, thus lacking anti-angiogenic property. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MEXA induces antiproliferative activity in PCa cells through a mechanism that involves apoptosis. Therefore, MEXA may be a potential therapeutic agent for PCa.
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Singhal SS, Singhal S, Singhal P, Singhal J, Horne D, Awasthi S. Didymin: an orally active citrus flavonoid for targeting neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:29428-29441. [PMID: 28187004 PMCID: PMC5438742 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a rapidly growing yet treatment responsive cancer, is the third most common cancer of children and the most common solid tumor in infants. Unfortunately, neuroblastoma that has lost p53 function often has a highly treatment-resistant phenotype leading to tragic outcomes. In the context of neuroblastoma, the functions of p53 and MYCN (which is amplified in ~25% of neuroblastomas) are integrally linked because they are mutually transcriptionally regulated, and because they together regulate the catalytic activity of RNA polymerases. Didymin is a citrus-derived natural compound that kills p53 wild-type as well as drug-resistant p53-mutant neuroblastoma cells in culture. In addition, orally administered didymin causes regression of neuroblastoma xenografts in mouse models, without toxicity to non-malignant cells, neural tissues, or neural stem cells. RKIP is a Raf-inhibitory protein that regulates MYCN activation, is transcriptionally upregulated by didymin, and appears to play a key role in the anti-neuroblastoma actions of didymin. In this review, we discuss how didymin overcomes drug-resistance in p53-mutant neuroblastoma through RKIP-mediated inhibition of MYCN and its effects on GRK2, PKCs, Let-7 micro-RNA, and clathrin-dependent endocytosis by Raf-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In addition, we will discuss studies supporting potential clinical impact and translation of didymin as a low cost, safe, and effective oral agent that could change the current treatment paradigm for refractory neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad S. Singhal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sulabh Singhal
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Jyotsana Singhal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Dong R, Gong Y, Meng W, Yuan M, Zhu H, Ying M, He Q, Cao J, Yang B. The involvement of M2 macrophage polarization inhibition in fenretinide-mediated chemopreventive effects on colon cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 388:43-53. [PMID: 27913199 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that fenretinide (4-HPR) is an attractive chemopreventive agent for cancer treatment. However, to date, few studies have demonstrated the mechanism of the preventive effect of 4-HPR. In our current study, we revealed that 4-HPR could significantly suppress IL-4/IL-13 induced M2-like polarization of macrophages, which was demonstrated by the reduced expression of M2 surface markers, the down-regulation of M2 marker genes, and the inhibition of M2-like macrophages promoted angiogenesis. Mechanistically, our study suggested that the inhibition of the phosphorylation of STAT6, rather than the generation of oxidative stress, is involved in the 4-HPR-driven inhibition of M2 polarization. More intriguingly, by utilizing adenomatous polyposis coli (APCmin/+) transgenic mice, we demonstrated that the tumorigenesis was dramatically decreased by 4-HPR treatment accompanied with fewer M2-like macrophages in the tumor tissues, thereby profoundly blocking tumor angiogenesis. These findings, for the first time, reveal the involvement of M2 polarization inhibition in 4-HPR-mediated chemoprevention, which provides a new point of insight and indicates the potential mechanism underlying the chemopreventive effect of 4-HPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Dong
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Gong
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Meng
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meidan Ying
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Wang XQ, Li ZN, Wang QM, Jin HY, Gao Z, Jin ZH. Lipid nano-bubble combined with ultrasound for anti-keloids therapy. J Liposome Res 2016; 28:5-13. [PMID: 27733083 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2016.1239633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Keloids were characterized by excessive growth of fibrous tissues, and shared several pathological characteristics with cancer. They did put physical and emotional stress on patients in that keloids could badly change appearance of patients. N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4HPR) showed cytotoxic activity on a wide variety of invasive-growth cells. Our work was aim to prepare N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide-loaded lipid microbubbles (4HPR-LM) combined with ultrasound for anti-keloid therapy. 4HPR-loaded liposomes (4HPR-L) were first prepared by film evaporation method, and then 4HPR-LM were manufactured by mixing 4HPR-L and perfluoropentane (PFP) with ultrasonic cavitation method. The mean particle size and entrapment efficiency 4HPR-LM were 113 nm and 95%, respectively. The anti-keloids activity of 4HPR-LM was assessed with BALB/c nude mice bearing subcutaneous xenograft keloids model. 4HPR-LM, combined with ultrasound, could significantly induce apoptosis of keloid fibroblasts in vitro and inhibited growth of keloids in vivo. Thus, 4HPR-LM could be considered as a promising agent for anti-keloids therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qing Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China.,b Yanbian University Hospital , Yanji , China , and.,c Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , China
| | - Zhou-Na Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China.,b Yanbian University Hospital , Yanji , China , and
| | - Qi-Ming Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Hong-Yan Jin
- b Yanbian University Hospital , Yanji , China , and
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Zhe-Hu Jin
- b Yanbian University Hospital , Yanji , China , and
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Lin T, Zhao P, Jiang Y, Tang Y, Jin H, Pan Z, He H, Yang VC, Huang Y. Blood-Brain-Barrier-Penetrating Albumin Nanoparticles for Biomimetic Drug Delivery via Albumin-Binding Protein Pathways for Antiglioma Therapy. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9999-10012. [PMID: 27934069 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient transporters have been explored for biomimetic delivery targeting the brain. The albumin-binding proteins (e.g., SPARC and gp60) are overexpressed in many tumors for transport of albumin as an amino acid and an energy source for fast-growing cancer cells. However, their application in brain delivery has rarely been investigated. In this work, SPARC and gp60 overexpression was found on glioma and tumor vessel endothelium; therefore, such pathways were explored for use in brain-targeting biomimetic delivery. We developed a green method for blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrating albumin nanoparticle synthesis, with the capacity to coencapsulate different drugs and no need for cross-linkers. The hydrophobic drugs (i.e., paclitaxel and fenretinide) yield synergistic effects to induce albumin self-assembly, forming dual drug-loaded nanoparticles. The albumin nanoparticles can penetrate the BBB and target glioma cells via the mechanisms of SPARC- and gp60-mediated biomimetic transport. Importantly, by modification with the cell-penetrating peptide LMWP, the albumin nanoparticles display enhanced BBB penetration, intratumoral infiltration, and cellular uptake. The LMWP-modified nanoparticles exhibited improved treatment outcomes in both subcutaneous and intracranial glioma models, with reduced toxic side effects. The therapeutic mechanisms were associated with induction of apoptosis, antiangiogenesis, and tumor immune microenvironment regulation. It provides a facile method for dual drug-loaded albumin nanoparticle preparation and a promising avenue for biomimetic delivery targeting the brain tumor based on combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital , 661 Huanghe Road, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Nanchang University College of Pharmacy , 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yisi Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongyue Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenzhen Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huining He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Victor C Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070, China
- University of Michigan College of Pharmacy , 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Bassani B, Bartolini D, Pagani A, Principi E, Zollo M, Noonan DM, Albini A, Bruno A. Fenretinide (4-HPR) Targets Caspase-9, ERK 1/2 and the Wnt3a/β-Catenin Pathway in Medulloblastoma Cells and Medulloblastoma Cell Spheroids. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154111. [PMID: 27367907 PMCID: PMC4930187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB), a neuroectodermal tumor arising in the cerebellum, represents the most frequent childhood brain malignancy. Current treatments for MB combine radiation and chemotherapy and are often associated with relevant side effects; novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR, fenretinide), a synthetic analogue of all-trans retinoic acid, has emerged as a promising and well-tolerated cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent for various neoplasms, from breast cancer to neuroblastoma. Here we investigated the effects of 4-HPR on MB cell lines and identified the mechanism of action for a potential use in therapy of MB. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to evaluate 4-HPR induction of apoptosis and oxygen reactive species (ROS) production, as well as cell cycle effects. Functional analysis to determine 4-HPR ability to interfere with MB cell migration and invasion were performed. Western Blot analysis were used to investigate the crucial molecules involved in selected signaling pathways associated with apoptosis (caspase-9 and PARP-1), cell survival (ERK 1/2) and tumor progression (Wnt3a and β-catenin). We show that 4-HPR induces caspase 9-dependent cell death in DAOY and ONS-76 cells, associated with increased ROS generation, suggesting that free radical intermediates might be directly involved. We observed 4-HPR induction of cell cycle arrest in G1/S phase, inactivated β-catenin, and inhibition of MB cell migration and invasion. We also evaluated the ability of 4-HPR to target MB cancer-stem/cancer-initiating cells, using an MB spheroids model, followed by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR. 4-HPR treatment reduced DAOY and ONS-76 spheroid formation, in term of number and size. Decreased expression of the surface markers CD133+ and ABCG2+ as well as Oct-4 and Sox-2 gene expression were observed on BTICs treated with 4-HPR further reducing BITIC invasive activities. Finally, we analyzed 4-HPR ability to inhibit MB tumor cell growth in vivo in nude mice. Taken together, our data suggest that 4-HPR targets both parental and MB tumor stem/initiating cell-like populations. Since 4-HPR exerts low toxicity, it could represent a valid compound in the treatment of human MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bassani
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Pagani
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Principi
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Douglas M. Noonan
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
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Puntoni M, Petrera M, Campora S, Garrone E, Defferrari C, Torrisi R, Johansson H, Bruno S, Curotto A, DeCensi A. Prognostic Significance of VEGF after Twenty-Year Follow-up in a Randomized Trial of Fenretinide in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:437-44. [PMID: 27045034 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) may progress to muscle-invasive disease, but no effective preventive treatments are available. In addition, no reliable prognostic biomarkers have been identified. We assessed the long-term effect of the oral retinoid fenretinide and the prognostic value of circulating VEGF levels. We updated through the Tumor Registry the vital status of 99 patients with resected Ta/T1 bladder tumors who were recruited in a randomized trial of 2 years of fenretinide or no treatment in 1993-1994. Serum VEGF levels measured at baseline and 12 months were available in a subgroup of 62 patients. After a median of 20.5 years, 54 subjects died, 35 of any cancer and 14 of bladder cancer. Neither overall survival (OS), nor cancer survival (CS) or bladder cancer survival (BCS) was affected by fenretinide (log-rank P ≥ 0.2). DNA aneuploidy in bladder washing was associated with shorter OS (P = 0.02), CS (P = 0.05), and BCS (P = 0.09). Subjects with baseline VEGF levels in the top quintile (≥350 pg/mL) had a significantly shorter OS (P = 0.01), CS (P = 0.02), and BCS (P = 0.008). The trend across quintiles of VEGF was significant for BCS (P = 0.007). Multivariate analyses showed that, in addition to smoking status, VEGF level in the top quintile was an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1-6.5), CS (HR = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.1-9.4) and BCS (HR = 8.9; 95% CI,1.3-61). Fenretinide did not affect the long-term outcome of patients with NMIBC. High serum VEGF level was a significant predictor of overall and cancer death and may help to identify high-risk subjects who may benefit from a preventive therapy. Cancer Prev Res; 9(6); 437-44. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Puntoni
- Clinical Trial Unit, Scientific Direction, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Sara Campora
- Medical Oncology Unit, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elsa Garrone
- Liguria Region Mortality Registry, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Rosalba Torrisi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Harriet Johansson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Curotto
- University Urology Clinic, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea DeCensi
- Medical Oncology Unit, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy. Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
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Venè R, Cardinali B, Arena G, Ferrari N, Benelli R, Minghelli S, Poggi A, Noonan DM, Albini A, Tosetti F. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 regulates cell death and survival signaling in tumor cells under redox stress. Neoplasia 2015; 16:710-22. [PMID: 25246272 PMCID: PMC4234881 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor-specific metabolic adaptations is a promising anticancer strategy when tumor defense mechanisms are restrained. Here, we show that redox-modulating drugs including the retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR), the synthetic triterpenoid bardoxolone (2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid methyl ester), arsenic trioxide (As2O3), and phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), while affecting tumor cell viability, induce sustained Ser9 phosphorylation of the multifunctional kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine decreased GSK3β phosphorylation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage induced by 4HPR, As2O3, and PEITC, implicating oxidative stress in these effects. GSK3β phosphorylation was associated with up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes, in particular heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and transient elevation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) in cells surviving acute stress, before occurrence of irreversible damage and death. Genetic inactivation of GSK3β or transfection with the non-phosphorylatable GSK3β-S9A mutant inhibited HO-1 induction under redox stress, while tumor cells resistant to 4HPR exhibited increased GSK3β phosphorylation, HO-1 expression, and GSH levels. The above-listed findings are consistent with a role for sustained GSK3β phosphorylation in a signaling network activating antioxidant effector mechanisms during oxidoreductive stress. These data underlie the importance of combination regimens of antitumor redox drugs with inhibitors of survival signaling to improve control of tumor development and progression and overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Venè
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Barbara Cardinali
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ferrari
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Roberto Benelli
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Simona Minghelli
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy; Science and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- Infrastruttura Ricerca-Statistica (I-RS), IRCCS Tecnologie Avanzate e Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia 42123, Italy.
| | - Francesca Tosetti
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova 16132, Italy.
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Li Y, Li S, Qin X, Hou W, Dong H, Yao L, Xiong L. The pleiotropic roles of sphingolipid signaling in autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1245. [PMID: 24853423 PMCID: PMC4047895 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The autophagic process involves encompassing damaged proteins and organelles within double- or multi-membraned structures and delivering these molecules to the lytic compartments of vacuoles. Sphingolipids (SLs), which are ubiquitous membrane lipids in eukaryotes, participate in the generation of various membrane structures, including rafts, caveolae, and cytosolic vesicles. SLs are a complex family of molecules that have a growing number of members, including ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and dihydroceramide, which have been associated with the essential cellular process of autophagy. This review highlights recent studies focusing on the regulation and function of SL-associated autophagy and its role in cell fate, diseases, and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- 1] The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China [2] Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - S Li
- 1] The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China [2] Department of Oral Biology, Stomatology School, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - X Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmacy School, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - W Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - H Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - L Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - L Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Bruno A, Pagani A, Magnani E, Rossi T, Noonan DM, Cantelmo AR, Albini A. Inflammatory angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment as targets for cancer therapy and prevention. Cancer Treat Res 2014; 159:401-426. [PMID: 24114493 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38007-5_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In addition to aberrant transformed cells, tumors are tissues that contain host components, including stromal cells, vascular cells (ECs) and their precursors, and immune cells. All these constituents interact with each other at the cellular and molecular levels, resulting in the production of an intricate and heterogeneous complex of cells and matrix defined as the tumor microenvironment. Several pathways involved in these interactions have been investigated both in pathological and physiological scenarios, and diverse molecules are currently targets of chemotherapeutic and preventive drugs. Many phytochemicals and their derivatives show the ability to inhibit tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis, exerting effects on the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will outline the principal players and mechanisms involved in the tumor microenvironment network and we will discuss some interesting compounds aimed at interrupting these interactions and blocking tumor insurgence and progression. The considerations provided will be crucial for the design of new preventive approaches to the reduction in cancer risk that need to be applied to large populations composed of apparently healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Bruno
- Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, MultiMedica Onlus, Milano, Italy
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Zihlif M, Afifi F, Abu-Dahab R, Abdul Majid AMS, Somrain H, Saleh MM, Nassar ZD, Naffa R. The antiangiogenic activities of ethanolic crude extracts of four Salvia species. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:358. [PMID: 24330494 PMCID: PMC3878736 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is one of cancer hallmarks that are required for both cancer progression and metastasis. In this study we examined the antiangiogenic properties of the ethanolic crude extracts of four Salvia species grown in Jordan. Methods The direct antiangiogenic activity was evaluated using various models: ex vivo rat aortic ring assay, in vitro assessment of HUVEC proliferation and migration, and in vivo CAM assay, while we used the changes in the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in breast cancer cells (MCF 7) as an indicative for the indirect antiangiogenic activity. Results All four crude extracts showed a potential antiangiogenic activity in the rat aortic assay, however two species were found to be cytotoxic against Fibroblast cell line (PLF); the finding that caused the exclusion of these two extracts from further studies. Of the two remaining extracts, S. triloba showed very promising direct and indirect antiangiogenic activities. S. triloba inhibited the HUVEC proliferation with an IC50 of 90 μg/mL and HUVEC migration by 82% at 150 μg/mL. Furthermore, the in vivo CAM assay also illustrated the high impact of S. triloba against the newly formed vessel in the chicken embryonic membrane. Interestingly, the S. triloba inhibited the expression of VEGF at the mRNA and protein and the HIF-1α mRNA in the MCF 7 breast cancer cells under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Conclusions Taken together, all these findings of the direct and indirect angiogenic investigations nominated S. triloba as a highly potent antiangiogenic plant that may have chemotherapeutic and/or chemoprevention potentials.
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Falconi M, Focaroli S, Teti G, Salvatore V, Durante S, Nicolini B, Orienti I. Novel PLA microspheres with hydrophilic and bioadhesive surfaces for the controlled delivery of fenretinide. J Microencapsul 2013; 31:41-8. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.805838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Enhanced anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic efficacy of a novel liposomal fenretinide on human neuroblastoma. J Control Release 2013; 170:445-51. [PMID: 23792118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonal tumor originating from the simpatico-adrenal lineage of the neural crest. It approximately accounts for about 15% of all pediatric oncology deaths. Despite advances in multimodal therapy, metastatic neuroblastoma tumors at diagnosis remain a clinical challenge. Retinoids are a class of compounds known to induce both terminal differentiation and apoptosis/necrosis of neuroblastoma cells. Among them, fenretinide (HPR) has been considered one of the most promising anti-tumor agent but it is partially efficacious due to both poor aqueous solubility and rapid metabolism. Here, we have developed a novel HPR formulation, by which the drug was encapsulated into sterically stabilized nanoliposomes (NL[HPR]) according to the Reverse Phase Evaporation method. This procedure led to a higher structural integrity of liposomes in organic fluids for a longer period of time, in comparison with our previous liposomal formulation developed by the film method. Moreover, NL[HPR] were further coupled with NGR peptides for targeting the tumor endothelial cell marker, aminopeptidase N (NGR-NL[HPR]). Orthotopically xenografted neuroblastoma-bearing mice treated with NGR-NL[HPR] lived statistically longer than mice untreated or treated with free HPR (NGR-NL[HPR] vs both control and HPR: P<0.0001). Also, NL[HPR] resulted in a statistically improved survival (NL[HPR] vs both control and HPR: P<0.001) but to a less extent if compared with that obtained with NGR-NL[HPR] (NGR-NL[HPR] vs NL[HPR]: P<0.01). Staining of tumor sections with antibodies specific for neuroblastoma and for either pericytes or endothelial cells evidenced that HPR reduced neuroblastoma growth through both anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects, mainly when delivered by NGR-NL[HPR]. Indeed, in this group of mice a marked reduction of tumor progression, of intra-tumoral vessel counts and VEGF expression, together with a marked down-modulation of matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9, was observed. In conclusion, the use of this novel targeted delivery system for the apoptotic and antiangiogenic drug, fenretinide, could be considered as an adjuvant tool in the future treatment of neuroblastoma patients.
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Hu Y, Liu HX, He Y, Fang Y, Fang J, Wan YJY. Transcriptome profiling and genome-wide DNA binding define the differential role of fenretinide and all-trans RA in regulating the death and survival of human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:1007-17. [PMID: 23396089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fenretinide is significantly more effective in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells than all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). The current study uses a genome-wide approach to understand the differential role fenretinide and ATRA have in inducing apoptosis in Huh7 cells. Fenretinide and ATRA-induced gene expressions and DNA bindings were profiled using microarray and chromatin immunoprecipitation with anti-RXRα antibody. The data showed that fenretinide was not a strong transcription regulator. Fenretinide only changed the expressions of 1 093 genes, approximately three times less than the number of genes regulated by ATRA (2 811). Biological function annotation demonstrated that both fenretinide and ATRA participated in pathways that determine cell fate and metabolic processes. However, fenretinide specifically induced Fas/TNFα-mediated apoptosis by increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic genes i.e., DEDD2, CASP8, CASP4, and HSPA1A/B; whereas, ATRA induced the expression of BIRC3 and TNFAIP3, which inhibit apoptosis by interacting with TRAF2. In addition, fenretinide inhibited the expression of the genes involved in RAS/RAF/ERK-mediated survival pathway. In contrast, ATRA increased the expression of SOSC2, BRAF, MEK, and ERK genes. Most genes regulated by fenretinide and ATRA were bound by RXRα, suggesting a direct effect. This study revealed that by regulating fewer genes, the effects of fenretinide become more specific and thus has fewer side effects than ATRA. The data also suggested that fenretinide induces apoptosis via death receptor effector and by inhibiting the RAS/RAF/ERK pathway. It provides insight on how retinoid efficacy can be improved and how side effects in cancer therapy can be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 4645 2nd Ave, Research Building III, University of California, Davis Health Systems, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Huang CS, Chuang CH, Lo TF, Hu ML. Anti-angiogenic effects of lycopene through immunomodualtion of cytokine secretion in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:428-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Wang LM, Xie KP, Huo HN, Shang F, Zou W, Xie MJ. Luteolin inhibits proliferation induced by IGF-1 pathway dependent ERα in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:1431-7. [PMID: 22799344 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.4.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of many breast tumors is stimulated by IGF-1, which activates signal transduction pathways inducing cell proliferation. ERα is important in this process. The aim of the study was to investigate relationships in vitro among inhibitory effects of luteolin on the growth of MCF-7 cells, IGF-1 pathway and ERα. Our results showed that luteolin could effectively block IGF-1-stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation in a dose- and time- dependent manner and block cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis evidenced by the flow cytometric detection of sub-G1DNA content. Luteolin markedly decreased IGF-1-dependent IGF-1R and Akt phosphorylation without affecting Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Further experiments pointed out that ERα was directly involved in IGF-1 induced cell growth inhibitory effects of luteolin, which significantly decreased ERα expression. Knockdown of ERα in MCF-7 cells by an ERα-specific siRNA decreased the IGF-1 induced cell growth inhibitory effects of luteolin. ERα is thus a possible target of luteolin. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effect of luteolin on the growth of MCF-7 cells is via inhibiting IGF-1 mediated PI3K-Akt pathway dependent on ERα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Meng Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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Orienti I, Zuccari G, Falconi M, Teti G, Illingworth NA, Veal GJ. Novel micelles based on amphiphilic branched PEG as carriers for fenretinide. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:880-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Albini A, Tosetti F, Li VW, Noonan DM, Li WW. Cancer prevention by targeting angiogenesis. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2012; 9:498-509. [PMID: 22850752 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Healthy individuals can harbour microscopic tumours and dysplastic foci in different organs in an undetectable and asymptomatic state for many years. These lesions do not progress in the absence of angiogenesis or inflammation. Targeting both processes before clinical manifestation can prevent tumour growth and progression. Angioprevention is a chemoprevention approach that interrupts the formation of new blood vessels when tumour cell foci are in an indolent state. Many efficacious chemopreventive drugs function by preventing angiogenesis in the tumour microenvironment. Blocking the vascularization of incipient tumours should maintain a dormancy state such that neoplasia or cancer exist without disease. The current limitations of antiangiogenic cancer therapy may well be related to the use of antiangiogenic agents too late in the disease course. In this Review, we suggest mechanisms and strategies for using antiangiogenesis agents in a safe, preventive clinical angioprevention setting, proposing different levels of clinical angioprevention according to risk, and indicate potential drugs to be employed at these levels. Finally, angioprevention may go well beyond cancer in the prevention of a range of chronic disorders where angiogenesis is crucial, including different forms of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, ocular disorders, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Albini
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Science and Technology Pole, Via Fantoli 16/15, Milan 20138, Italy. adriana.albini@ multimedica.it
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Xie H, Zhu F, Huang Z, Lee MH, Kim DJ, Li X, Lim DY, Jung SK, Kang S, Li H, Reddy K, Wang L, Ma W, Lubet RA, Bode AM, Dong Z. Identification of mammalian target of rapamycin as a direct target of fenretinide both in vitro and in vivo. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1814-21. [PMID: 22798378 PMCID: PMC3515856 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4HPR, fenretinide) is a synthetic
retinoid that has been tested in clinical trials as a cancer therapeutic and
chemopreventive agent. Although 4HPR has been shown to be cytotoxic to many kinds of
cancer cells, the underlying molecular mechanisms are only partially understood. Until
now, no direct cancer-related molecular target has been reported to be involved in the
antitumor activities of 4HPR. Herein, we found that 4HPR inhibited mammalian target of
rapamycin (mTOR) kinase activity by directly binding with mTOR, which suppressed the
activities of both the mTORC1 and the mTORC2 complexes. The predicted binding mode of 4HPR
with mTOR was based on a homology computer model, which showed that 4HPR could bind in the
ATP-binding pocket of the mTOR protein through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic
interactions. In vitro studies also showed that 4HPR attenuated mTOR
downstream signaling in a panel of non-small-cell lung cancer cells, resulting in growth
inhibition. Moreover, knockdown of mTOR in cancer cells decreased their sensitivity to
4HPR. Results of an in vivo study demonstrated that i.p. injection of
4HPR in A549 lung tumor-bearing mice effectively suppressed cancer growth. The expression
of mTOR downstream signaling molecules in tumor tissues was also decreased after 4HPR
treatment. Taken together, our results are the first to identify mTOR as a direct
antitumor target of 4HPR both in vitro and in vivo,
providing a valuable rationale for guiding the clinical uses of 4HPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xie
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912-3679, USA
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Tiberio P, Cavadini E, Callari M, Daidone MG, Appierto V. AF1q: a novel mediator of basal and 4-HPR-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39968. [PMID: 22761939 PMCID: PMC3383705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fenretinide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid that exhibits potent antitumor and chemopreventive activities against different malignancies, including ovarian tumors. We previously showed that in ovarian cancer cells, 4-HPR induces apoptosis through a signaling cascade starting from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and involving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) activation, and induction of the proapoptotic PLAcental Bone morphogenetic protein (PLAB). Since recent studies have shown that the oncogene ALL1-fused from chromosome 1q (AF1q), a retinoic acid target gene, is implicated in apoptosis induction by several therapeutic agents, we investigated its possible involvement in the apoptosis induced by 4-HPR in ovarian cancer cells. Methodology/Principal Findings Protein expression analysis, performed in ovarian cancer cells and extended to other histotypes (breast, neuroblastoma, and cervical), revealed that 4-HPR enhanced AF1q expression in cancer cells sensitive to the retinoid but not in resistant cells. Through gene silencing, AF1q was found functionally involved in 4-HPR-induced apoptosis in A2780, an ovarian cancer cell line highly sensitive to retinoid growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects. Inhibition of the signaling intermediates of the 4-HPR apoptotic cascade showed that AF1q upregulation was depended on prior generation of ROS, induction of ER stress response, JNK activation, and PLAB upmodulation. Finally, we found that direct overexpression of AF1q, in the absence of external stimuli, increased apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines. Conclusions/Significance The study expands the knowledge of the 4-HPR mechanism of action, which has not yet been completely elucidated, identifying AF1q as a novel mediator of retinoid anticancer activity. In addition, we demonstrate, for the first time, that AF1q plays a role in the onset of basal apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells, thus providing new information about the activity of this protein whose biologic functions are mostly unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tiberio
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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Karamouzis MV, Papavassiliou AG. Targeting insulin-like growth factor in breast cancer therapeutics. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 84:8-17. [PMID: 22424863 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway holds crucial role in cell growth, differentiation and proliferation. Aberrant regulation of the IGF system has been attributed to the pathogenesis of breast cancer and has been shown to contribute to various stages of breast carcinogenesis. Therefore, targeting the IGF-related axis represents a promising strategy, mainly aiming to bypass the resistance of currently employed treatment options in breast cancer patients. Nevertheless, major limitations have aroused despite the early stage of clinical development of various IGF-system modulators. The present review highlights the current status and considers the future perspectives of IGF-system targeting in breast cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis V Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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Carosio R, Pistoia V, Orienti I, Formelli F, Cavadini E, Mangraviti S, Montaldo PG, Ognio E, Emionite L, Zuccari G. Enhanced anti-neuroblastoma activity of a fenretinide complexed form after intravenous administration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 64:228-36. [PMID: 22221098 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The major limitation to successful chemotherapy of neuroblastoma (NB) is the toxicity and the poor bioavailability of traditional drugs. METHODS We synthesised an amphiphilic dextrin derivative (DX-OL) able to host fenretinide (4-HPR) by complexation. In this study, we have investigated the effects of 4-HPR-loaded amphipilic dextrin (DX-OL/4-HPR) in comparison with 4-HPR alone both in vitro on human NB cells and in vivo in pseudometastatic NB models. The haemolysis assay was used as a measure of the potential damage caused by the pharmaceutical formulation in vivo. Pharmacokinetic experiments were performed to assess drug plasma levels in mice treated with free or complexed 4-HPR. KEY FINDINGS DX-OL/4-HPR exerted a more potent cytotoxic activity on NB cells. Complexed 4-HPR significantly increased the proportion of sub-G1 cells with respect to free 4-HPR. Dextrin derivatives showed no haemolytic activity, indicating their suitability for parenteral administration. DX-OL/4-HPR increased the lifespan and the long-term survival of treated mice over controls. The analysis of drug plasma levels indicates that the complexed drug has a higher AUC due to a reduced clearance from the blood. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that DX-OL/4-HPR is an injectable formulation that is able to improve drug aqueous solubility and bioavailability.
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Li WW, Li VW, Hutnik M, Chiou AS. Tumor angiogenesis as a target for dietary cancer prevention. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2011; 2012:879623. [PMID: 21977033 PMCID: PMC3184418 DOI: 10.1155/2012/879623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Between 2000 and 2050, the number of new cancer patients diagnosed annually is expected to double, with an accompanying increase in treatment costs of more than $80 billion over just the next decade. Efficacious strategies for cancer prevention will therefore be vital for improving patients' quality of life and reducing healthcare costs. Judah Folkman first proposed antiangiogenesis as a strategy for preventing dormant microtumors from progressing to invasive cancer. Although antiangiogenic drugs are now available for many advanced malignancies (colorectal, lung, breast, kidney, liver, brain, thyroid, neuroendocrine, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome), cost and toxicity considerations preclude their broad use for cancer prevention. Potent antiangiogenic molecules have now been identified in dietary sources, suggesting that a rationally designed antiangiogenic diet could provide a safe, widely available, and novel strategy for preventing cancer. This paper presents the scientific, epidemiologic, and clinical evidence supporting the role of an antiangiogenic diet for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W. Li
- The Angiogenesis Foundation, One Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vincent W. Li
- The Angiogenesis Foundation, One Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michelle Hutnik
- The Angiogenesis Foundation, One Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Albert S. Chiou
- The Angiogenesis Foundation, One Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Yang H, Zhan Q, Wan YJY. Enrichment of Nur77 mediated by retinoic acid receptor β leads to apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by fenretinide and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Hepatology 2011; 53:865-74. [PMID: 21319187 PMCID: PMC3077573 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The synthetic retinoid fenretinide is one of the most promising clinically tested retinoids. Previously, we have shown that fenretinide induces apoptosis of Huh7 cells, but HepG2 cells are relatively resistant to fenretinide-induced apoptosis. This study examines the interactive role of fenretinide and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) in inducing apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and the underlying mechanism. Trichostatin A and scriptaid can either enhance fenretinide-induced apoptosis in the fenretinide sensitive HCC cells (Huh7 and Hep3B) or sensitize the fenretinide resistant cells (HepG2) to become sensitive to the apoptotic effect of fenretinide in a cancer cell-specific manner. The sensitivity of cells to fenretinide-induced apoptosis was not associated with reactive oxygen species production nor with antioxidant gene expression. However, the level of retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) and Nur77 (NR4A1) was important for inducing apoptosis. Upon fenretinide and HDACi treatment, the expression of RARβ and Nur77 were induced and colocalized in the cytosol. The induction of Nur77 protein level, but not the messenger RNA level, was RARβ-dependent. In addition, RARβ interacted with Nur77. Nur77 was essential for fenretinide-induced and HDACi-induced apoptosis of Huh7 cells. Induction of the expression, the interaction, and the nuclear export of RARβ and Nur77 mediate fenretinide-induced and HDACi-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that targeting Nur77 and RARβ simultaneously provides an effective way to induce HCC cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66212
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Municipal’s People Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Qi Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66212
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66212
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Municipal’s People Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical College, China
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Yang H, Nie Y, Li Y, Wan YJY. ERK1/2 deactivation enhances cytoplasmic Nur77 expression level and improves the apoptotic effect of fenretinide in human liver cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:910-6. [PMID: 21241664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fenretinide, a synthetic retinoid, is a promising anticancer agent based on many in vitro, animal, and chemoprevention clinical trial studies. However, cells such as HepG2 human liver cancer cells are resistant to the apoptotic effect of fenretinide. Previously, we have shown that fenretinide-induced apoptosis is Nur77 dependent, and the sensitivity of the cancer cells to fenretinide-induced apoptosis is positively associated with cytoplasmic enrichment of Nur77. The goal of current study was to identify means to modulate nuclear export of Nur77 in order to improve the efficacy of fenretinide. Fenretinide treatment deactivated ERK1/2 in Huh7 cells, but activated ERK1/2 in HepG2 cells, which was positively associated with the sensitivity of cells to the apoptotic effect of fenretinide. Neither fenretinide nor ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 alone could affect the survival of HepG2 cells, but the combination of both induced cell death and increased caspase 3/7 activity. In fenretinide sensitive Huh7 cells, activation of ERK1/2 by epidermal growth factor (EGF) prevented fenretinide-induced cell death and caspase 3/7 induction. In addition, modulation of ERK1/2 changed the intracellular localization of Nur77. Fenretinide/PD98059-induced cell death of HepG2 cell was positively associated with induction and cytoplasmic location as well as mitochondria enrichment of Nur77. The effect was specific for ERK1/2 because other mitogen activated protein kinases such as P38, Akt, and JNK did not have correlated changes in their phosphorylation levels. Taken together, the current study demonstrates that ERK1/2-modulated Nur77 intracellular location dictates the efficacy of fenretinide-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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