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Vimalraj S. A concise review of VEGF, PDGF, FGF, Notch, angiopoietin, and HGF signalling in tumor angiogenesis with a focus on alternative approaches and future directions. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1428-1438. [PMID: 36122781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis forms new vessels from existing ones. Abnormal angiogenesis, which is what gives tumor microenvironments their distinctive features, is characterised by convoluted, permeable blood vessels with a variety of shapes and high perfusion efficiency. Tumor angiogenesis controls cancer growth by allowing invasion and metastasis and is highly controlled by signalling networks. Therapeutic techniques targeting VEGF, PDGF, FGF Notch, Angiopoietin, and HGF signalling restrict the tumor's vascular supply. Numerous pathways regulate angiogenesis, and when one of those processes is blocked, the other pathways may step in to help. VEGF signalling inhibition alone has limits as an antiangiogenic therapy, and additional angiogenic pathways such as FGF, PDGF, Notch, angiopoietin, and HGF are important. For the treatment of advanced solid tumors, there are also new, emerging medicines that target multiple angiogenic pathways. Recent therapies block numerous signalling channels concurrently. This study focuses on 'alternative' methods to standard antiangiogenic medicines, such as cyclooxygenase-2 blocking, oligonucleotide binding complementary sites to noncoding RNAs to regulate mRNA target, matrix metalloproteinase inhibition and CRISPR/Cas9 based gene edition and dissecting alternative angiogenesis mechanism in tumor microenvironment.
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Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164028. [PMID: 36011021 PMCID: PMC9406380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primitive cancer of the liver, accounting for 90% of all recorded cases. HCC is the third most common cause of cancer-related death, with a 5-year survival rate of just 3%. In terms of the advanced stages, systemic treatments have allowed patients to achieve clinical benefits, although the prognosis remains very poor. In the past few decades, new molecular targeted therapies have been developed and clinically evaluated with interesting results. However, on the basis of the poor prognoses and the meager benefits deriving from the available systemic therapies, research into new treatments is extremely necessary. In this review, we focus on the available systemic therapies for advanced HCC, with a look toward the future. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primitive cancer of the liver, accounting for 90% of all recorded cases. HCC is the third most common cause of cancer-related death, with a 5-year survival rate of just 3%. In the advanced stages, systemic treatments allow doctors to obtain clinical benefits, although the prognosis remains very poor. In the past few decades, new molecular targeted therapies against receptor tyrosine kinases have been developed and clinically evaluated. Sorafenib was the first oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for the treatment of advanced HCC in 2007. Subsequently, other TKIs, including Cabozantinib, Regorafenib, Lenvatinib, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors such as Ramucirumab and VEGF inhibitors such as Bevacizumab have been approved as first- or second-line treatments. More recently, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and VEGF inhibitors (Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab) have been analyzed and approved for the treatment of advanced HCC. On the basis of the poor prognoses and the meager benefits deriving from the available systemic therapies, research into new treatments is extremely necessary. In this review, we focus on the available systemic therapies for advanced HCC, with a look toward the future.
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Hayashi H, Makiyama A, Okumura N, Yasufuku I, Saigo C, Takeuchi T, Miyazaki T, Tanaka Y, Matsuhashi N, Murase K, Takahashi T, Futamura M, Yoshida K. Gastric carcinosarcoma with FGFR2 amplification under long-term control with pazopanib: a case report and literature review. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:360. [PMID: 35902814 PMCID: PMC9331120 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric carcinosarcoma is most frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage when the tumor is generally large with invasion into other organs, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. Standard chemotherapy has not been established, and surgery is the only curative treatment. Here, we present a case of postoperative recurrence of gastric carcinosarcoma under long-term tumor control with pazopanib. Case presentation A 77-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of nausea and vomiting. Computed tomography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a type 1 tumor arising from the gastric antrum and extending into the duodenal bulb. He underwent distal gastrectomy (D2) with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Histopathologically, the tumor had mixed adenocarcinoma and sarcoma components. According to the tumor–node–metastasis classification, the diagnosis was primary gastric carcinosarcoma pT1bN1M0 stage IB. Liver metastasis was detected 2 months after surgery; multiple lung metastases were detected 17 month after surgery. A genomic profiling test was performed using liver specimens as the patient became refractory to chemotherapy commonly used for gastric cancer, and the test revealed FGFR2 amplification along with TP53 R209*, AKT3 N127D, NOTCH1 A2036T, and POLD1 M161I. The patient was treated with pazopanib (800 mg/daily), and the tumor growth was controlled for 11 months. Conclusions We report a case of postoperative recurrence of gastric carcinosarcoma under long-term tumor control with pazopanib. This case suggested that pazopanib may be effective in treating gastric carcinosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokatsu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akitaka Makiyama
- Cancer Center, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Naoki Okumura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Itaru Yasufuku
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chiemi Saigo
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Matsuhashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Murase
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takao Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Manabu Futamura
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Tanriverdi O, Yildiz A. Current molecular and therapeutic advances in liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and angiosarcoma. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2022; 28:635-645. [PMID: 35043739 DOI: 10.1177/10781552211073139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas probably develop after malignant transformation of embryonic mesenchymal cells and have broad spectrum histopathologically since they can develop from striated skeletal muscle and smooth muscle, fat and fibrous tissue, bone, cartilage and other mesenchymal tissues. The most common histological subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma in adults are: liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, poorly differentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Molecular and genetic studies of soft tissue sarcomas, which are considered as heterogeneous groups in terms of their molecular and clinical characteristics, are still an important area of interest The heterogeneity of the molecular and genetic alterations of these malignancies, which are mostly treated with surgery and chemotherapy, also offers hope to the researchers in terms of treatment targets. In this article, molecular biologic features of the soft tissue sarcomas including liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and angiosarcoma are discussed in the light of recent developments in molecular biology, targeted therapies and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Tanriverdi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, 175646Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 52986Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Yildiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 52986Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
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Upadhyay N, Tilekar K, Safuan S, Kumar AP, Schweipert M, Meyer-Almes FJ, Ramaa CS. Double-edged Swords: Diaryl pyrazoline thiazolidinediones synchronously targeting cancer epigenetics and angiogenesis. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105350. [PMID: 34547645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, two novel series of compounds incorporating naphthyl and pyridyl linker were synthesized and biological assays revealed 5-((6-(2-(5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy) naphthalene-2-yl)methylene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (14b) as the most potent dual inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factors receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). Compounds 13b, 14b, 17f, and 21f were found to stabilize HDAC4; where, pyridyl linker swords were endowed with higher stabilization effects than naphthyl linker. Also, 13b and 14b showed best inhibitory activity on VEGFR-2 as compared to others. Compound 14b was most potent as evident by in-vitro and in-vivo biological assessments. It displayed anti-angiogenic potential by inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation and also suppressed new capillary formation in the growing chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). It showed selectivity and potency towards HDAC4 as compared to other HDAC isoforms. Compound 14b (25 mg/kg, i.p.) also indicated exceptional antitumor efficacy on in-vivo animal xenograft model of human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29). The mechanism of action of 14b was also confirmed by western blot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sabreena Safuan
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Alan P Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus Schweipert
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - C S Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India.
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Patel M, Pandey N, Timaniya J, Parikh P, Chauhan A, Jain N, Patel K. Coumarin-carbazole based functionalized pyrazolines: synthesis, characterization, anticancer investigation and molecular docking. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27627-27644. [PMID: 35480680 PMCID: PMC9037808 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03970a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel pyrazoline scaffolds from coumarin–carbazole chalcones were synthesized. We explored various acetyl, amide, and phenyl substituents at the N-1 position of the pyrazoline core. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, and mass spectroscopic techniques. The in vitro cytotoxicity study of all the synthesized compounds was evaluated against HeLa, NCI-H520 and NRK-52E cell lines. Compounds 4a and 7b became the most active compounds and exhibited their potential to arrest the cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis in both the cell lines. In addition, molecular docking studies revealed a higher binding affinity of both the molecules with CDK2 protein. Based on the obtained results, a comprehensive analysis is warranted to establish the role of compounds 4a and 7b as promising cancer therapeutic agents. Coumarin–carbazole based functionalised pyrazolines: synthesis, anticancer activity and molecular docking.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrugesh Patel
- Department of Advanced Organic Chemistry, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology Gujarat 388421 India
| | - Nilesh Pandey
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Charotar Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology Gujarat 388421 India
| | - Jignesh Timaniya
- Department of Advanced Organic Chemistry, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology Gujarat 388421 India
| | - Paranjay Parikh
- Department of Advanced Organic Chemistry, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology Gujarat 388421 India
| | - Alex Chauhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology Gujarat 388421 India
| | - Neeraj Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology Gujarat 388421 India
| | - Kaushal Patel
- Department of Advanced Organic Chemistry, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology Gujarat 388421 India
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Qin J, Cheng W, Duan YT, Yang H, Yao Y. Indazole as a Privileged Scaffold: The Derivatives and their Therapeutic Applications. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:839-860. [PMID: 32819234 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620999200818160350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterocyclic compounds, also called heterocycles, are a major class of organic chemical compound that plays a vital role in the metabolism of all living cells. The heterocyclic compound, indazole, has attracted more attention in recent years and is widely present in numerous commercially available drugs. Indazole-containing derivatives, representing one of the most important heterocycles in drug molecules, are endowed with a broad range of biological properties. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science regarding articles related to indazole and its therapeutic application. RESULTS The mechanism and structure-activity relationship of indazole and its derivatives were described. Based on their versatile biological activities, the compounds were divided into six groups: anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-HIV, antiarrhythmic, antifungal and antitumour. At least 43 indazole-based therapeutic agents were found to be used in clinical application or clinical trials. CONCLUSION This review is a guide for pharmacologists who are in search of valid preclinical/clinical drug compounds where the progress of approved marketed drugs containing indazole scaffold is examined from 1966 to the present day. Future direction involves more diverse bioactive moieties with indazole scaffold and greater insights into its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Weyland Cheng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affilited to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450018, China
| | - Yong-Tao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affilited to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450018, China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yongfang Yao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affilited to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450018, China
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8
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Advani D, Sharma S, Kumari S, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Precision Oncology, Signaling and Anticancer Agents in Cancer Therapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:433-468. [PMID: 33687887 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210308101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global alliance for genomics and healthcare facilities provides innovational solutions to expedite research and clinical practices for complex and incurable health conditions. Precision oncology is an emerging field explicitly tailored to facilitate cancer diagnosis, prevention and treatment based on patients' genetic profile. Advancements in "omics" techniques, next-generation sequencing, artificial intelligence and clinical trial designs provide a platform for assessing the efficacy and safety of combination therapies and diagnostic procedures. METHOD Data were collected from Pubmed and Google scholar using keywords: "Precision medicine", "precision medicine and cancer", "anticancer agents in precision medicine" and reviewed comprehensively. RESULTS Personalized therapeutics including immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, serve as a groundbreaking solution for cancer treatment. Herein, we take a measurable view of precision therapies and novel diagnostic approaches targeting cancer treatment. The contemporary applications of precision medicine have also been described along with various hurdles identified in the successful establishment of precision therapeutics. CONCLUSION This review highlights the key breakthroughs related to immunotherapies, targeted anticancer agents, and target interventions related to cancer signaling mechanisms. The success story of this field in context to drug resistance, safety, patient survival and in improving quality of life is yet to be elucidated. We conclude that, in the near future, the field of individualized treatments may truly revolutionize the nature of cancer patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dia Advani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| | - Sudhanshu Sharma
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| | - Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
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Peripheral Neuropathy under Oncologic Therapies: A Literature Review on Pathogenetic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041980. [PMID: 33671327 PMCID: PMC7922628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neurologic complications are frequent adverse events during oncologic treatments and often lead to dose reduction, administration delays with time elongation of the therapeutic plan and, not least, worsening of patients’ quality of life. Experience skills are required to recognize symptoms and clinical evidences and the collaboration between different health professionals, in particular oncologists and hospital pharmacists, grants a correct management of this undesirable occurrence. Some classes of drugs (platinates, vinca alkaloids, taxanes) typically develop this kind of side effect, but the genesis of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is not linked to a single mechanism. This paper aims from one side at summarizing and explaining all the scattering mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy through a detailed literature revision, on the other side at finding new approaches to possible treatments, in order to facilitate the collaboration between oncologists, hematologists and hospital pharmacists.
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10
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Upadhyay N, Tilekar K, Loiodice F, Anisimova NY, Spirina TS, Sokolova DV, Smirnova GB, Choe JY, Meyer-Almes FJ, Pokrovsky VS, Lavecchia A, Ramaa CS. Pharmacophore hybridization approach to discover novel pyrazoline-based hydantoin analogs with anti-tumor efficacy. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104527. [PMID: 33317839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In search for new and safer anti-cancer agents, a structurally guided pharmacophore hybridization strategy of two privileged scaffolds, namely diaryl pyrazolines and imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin), was adopted resulting in a newfangled series of compounds (H1-H22). Herein, a bio-isosteric replacement of "pyrrolidine-2,5-dione" moiety of our recently reported antitumor hybrid incorporating diaryl pyrazoline and pyrrolidine-2,5-dione scaffolds with "imidazoline-2,4-dione" moiety has been incorporated. Complete biological studies revealed the most potent analog among all i.e. compound H13, which was at-least 10-fold more potent compared to the corresponding pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, in colon and breast cancer cells. In-vitro studies showed activation of caspases, arrest of G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) and increased DNA damage. In-vivo assay on HT-29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) animal xenograft model unveiled the significant anti-tumor efficacy along with oral bioavailability with maximum TGI 36% (i.p.) and 44% (per os) at 50 mg/kg dose. These findings confirm the suitability of hybridized pyrazoline and imidazolidine-2,4-dione analog H13 for its anti-cancer potential and starting-point for the development of more efficacious analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Natalia Yu Anisimova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Spirina
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darina V Sokolova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina B Smirnova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Science, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biochemistry, People's Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - C S Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India.
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12
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Ahmed NM, Youns M, Soltan MK, Said AM. Design, synthesis, molecular modelling, and biological evaluation of novel substituted pyrimidine derivatives as potential anticancer agents for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1110-1120. [PMID: 31117890 PMCID: PMC6537702 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1612889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
New anticancer agents are highly needed to overcome cancer cell resistance. A novel series of pyrimidine pyrazoline-anthracene derivatives (PPADs) (4a-t) were designed and synthesised. The anti-liver cancer activity of all compounds was screened in vitro against two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (HepG2 and Huh-7) as well as normal fibroblast cells by resazurin assay. The designed compounds 4a-t showed a broad-spectrum anticancer activity against the two cell lines and their activity was more prominent on cancer compared to normal cells. Compound 4e showed high potency against HepG2 and Huh-7 cell lines ((IC50=5.34 and 6.13 μg/mL, respectively) comparable to that of doxorubicin (DOX) activities. A structure activity relationship (SAR) has been investigated and compounds 4e, 4i, 4m, and 4q were the most promising anticancer agents against tested cell lines. These compounds induced apoptosis in HepG2 and Huh-7 cells through significant activation of caspase 3/7 at all tested concentrations. In conclusion, 4e could be a potent anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Mohamed Ahmed
- a Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Youns
- b Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt.,c Department of Functional Genome Analysis , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Moustafa Khames Soltan
- d Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt.,e Oman College of Health Sciences , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Mohammed Said
- a Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt.,f Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA
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Qiao Z, Kondo T. Screening of a growth inhibitor library of sarcoma cell lines to identify potent anti-cancer drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2198/jelectroph.63.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Qiao
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute
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Que Y, Xiao W, Xu BS, Wen XZ, Weng DS, Zhang X. The changing landscape of phase II/III metastatic sarcoma clinical trials-analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1251. [PMID: 30545340 PMCID: PMC6293634 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Well-designed clinical trials are of great importance in validating novel treatments and ensuring an evidence-based approach for sarcoma. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive landscape of the characteristics of metastatic or advanced sarcoma clinical trials using the substantial resource of the ClincialTrials.gov database. Methods We identified 260,755 trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov in the last 20 years, and 277 of them were eligible for inclusion. The baseline characteristics were ascertained for each trial. The trials were systematically reviewed to validate their classification into 96 trials registered before 2008 and 181 trials registered between 2008 and 2017. Results We found that in the last decade, metastatic and advanced sarcoma trials were predominantly phase II-III studies (p = 0.048), were more likely to be ≥2 arms (17.7% vs 35.3%, respectively; p = 0.007), and were more likely to use randomized (13.5% vs 30.4%; p = 0.002) and double-blinded (2.1% vs 9.4%; p = 0.024) assignment than trials registered before 2008. Furthermore, in the last 10-year period, metastatic sarcoma trials were more likely to be conducted in Asia. Treatment involving target therapy and immunotherapy were more common (71.8% vs 37.5%; p < 0.001) than in previous years. Conclusions Our data showed provocative changes in the sarcoma landscape and demonstrated that the incidence of clinical trials with target therapy and immunotherapy is increasing. These findings emphasize the desperate need for novel strategies, including target therapy and immunotherapy, to improve the outcomes for patients with advanced sarcoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5163-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Que
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - W Xiao
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - B S Xu
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - X Z Wen
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - D S Weng
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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16
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Hoang NT, Acevedo LA, Mann MJ, Tolani B. A review of soft-tissue sarcomas: translation of biological advances into treatment measures. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1089-1114. [PMID: 29785138 PMCID: PMC5955018 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s159641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas are rare malignant tumors arising from connective tissues and have an overall incidence of about five per 100,000 per year. While this diverse family of malignancies comprises over 100 histological subtypes and many molecular aberrations are prevalent within specific sarcomas, very few are therapeutically targeted. Instead of utilizing molecular signatures, first-line sarcoma treatment options are still limited to traditional surgery and chemotherapy, and many of the latter remain largely ineffective and are plagued by disease resistance. Currently, the mechanism of sarcoma oncogenesis remains largely unknown, thus necessitating a better understanding of pathogenesis. Although substantial progress has not occurred with molecularly targeted therapies over the past 30 years, increased knowledge about sarcoma biology could lead to new and more effective treatment strategies to move the field forward. Here, we discuss biological advances in the core molecular determinants in some of the most common soft-tissue sarcomas - liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and synovial sarcoma - with an emphasis on emerging genomic and molecular pathway targets and immunotherapeutic treatment strategies to combat this confounding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc T Hoang
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luis A Acevedo
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Mann
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bhairavi Tolani
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Abd-Rabou AA, Abdel-Wahab BF, Bekheit MS. Synthesis, molecular docking, and evaluation of novel bivalent pyrazolinyl-1,2,3-triazoles as potential VEGFR TK inhibitors and anti-cancer agents. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Toda K, Ishii S, Yasuoka H, Nishioka M, Kobayashi T, Horiguchi K, Tomaru T, Ozawa A, Shibusawa N, Satoh T, Koshi H, Segawa A, Shimizu SI, Oyama T, Yamada M. Adrenal Ewing's Sarcoma in an Elderly Man. Intern Med 2018; 57:551-555. [PMID: 29269639 PMCID: PMC5849552 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8892-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma usually arises in the bones of children and adolescents. We herein report a 74-year-old man with Ewing's sarcoma in the adrenal gland. The diagnosis was confirmed by a genetic test, pathological studies, and several imaging studies. He already had multiple liver metastases when he was transferred to our hospital and died on the 37th day. The diagnosis was further confirmed by autopsy studies. Adrenal Ewing's sarcoma is very rare, and our patient was older than other reported cases. Ewing's sarcoma should be considered even in elderly patients with adrenal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Toda
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Sumiyasu Ishii
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Yasuoka
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishioka
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Horiguchi
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takuya Tomaru
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ozawa
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shibusawa
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tetsurou Satoh
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiromi Koshi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsuki Segawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Shimizu
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Chellappan DK, Chellian J, Ng ZY, Sim YJ, Theng CW, Ling J, Wong M, Foo JH, Yang GJ, Hang LY, Nathan S, Singh Y, Gupta G. The role of pazopanib on tumour angiogenesis and in the management of cancers: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:768-781. [PMID: 29054093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pazopanib is a relatively new compound to be introduced into the chemotherapy field. It is thought to have decent anti-angiogenic properties, which gives an additional hope for the treatment of certain types of cancers. A systematic review solely discussing about pazopanib and its anti-angiogenic effect is yet to be published to date, despite several relevant clinical trials being conducted over the recent years. In this review, we aim to investigate the mechanism of pazopanib's anti-angiogenic effect and its effectiveness in treating several cancers. We have included, in this study, findings from electronically searchable data from randomized clinical trials, clinical studies, cohort studies and other relevant articles. A total of 352 studies were included in this review. From the studies, the effect of pazopanib in various cancers or models was observed and recorded. Study quality is indefinite, with a few decent quality articles. The most elaborately studied cancers include renal cell carcinoma, solid tumors, advanced solid tumors, soft tissue sarcoma, breast cancer and gynecological cancers. In addition, several less commonly studied cancers are included in the studies as well. Pazopanib had demonstrated its anti-angiogenic effect based on favorable results observed in cancers, which are caused by angiogenesis-related mechanisms, such as renal cell carcinoma, solid tumors, advanced solid tumors and soft tissue sarcoma. This review was conducted to study, analyze and review the anti-angiogenic properties of pazopanib in various cancers. The results obtained can provide a decent reference when considering treatment options for angiogenesis-related malignancies. Furthermore, the definite observations of the anti-angiogenic effects of pazopanib could provide newer insights leading to the future development of drugs of the same mechanism with increased efficiency and reduced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Jestin Chellian
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Zhao Yin Ng
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Yan Jinn Sim
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Chiu Wei Theng
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Joyce Ling
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Mei Wong
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Jia Hui Foo
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Goh Jun Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Li Yu Hang
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Saranyah Nathan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Yogendra Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, 302017, India.
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20
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Mukaihara K, Tanabe Y, Kubota D, Akaike K, Hayashi T, Mogushi K, Hosoya M, Sato S, Kobayashi E, Okubo T, Kim Y, Kohsaka S, Saito T, Kaneko K, Suehara Y. Cabozantinib and dastinib exert anti-tumor activity in alveolar soft part sarcoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185321. [PMID: 28945796 PMCID: PMC5612696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is an extremely rare metastatic soft tissue tumor with a poor prognosis for which no effective systemic therapies have yet been established. Therefore, the development of novel effective treatment approaches is required. Tyrosine kinases (TKs) are being increasingly used as therapeutic targets in a variety of cancers. The purpose of this study was to identify novel therapeutic target TKs and to clarify the efficacy of TK inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of ASPS. Experimental design To identify novel therapeutic target TKs in ASPS, we evaluated the antitumor effects and kinase activity of three TKIs (pazopanib, dasatinib, and cabozantinib) against ASPS cells using an in vitro assay. Based on these results, we then investigated the phosphorylation activities of the identified targets using western blotting, in addition to examining antitumor activity through in vivo assays of several TKIs to determine both the efficacy of these substances and accurate targets. Results In cell proliferation and invasion assays using pazopanib, cabozantinib, and dasatinib, all three TKIs inhibited the cell growth in ASPS cells. Statistical analyses of the cell proliferation and invasion assays revealed that dasatinib had a significant inhibitory effect in cell proliferation assays, and cabozantinib exhibited marked inhibitory effects on cellular functions in both assays. Through western blotting, we also confirmed that cabozantinib inhibited c-MET phosphorylation and dasatinib inhibited SRC phosphorylation in dose-dependent fashion. Mice that received cabozantinib and dasatinib had significantly smaller tumor volumes than control animals, demonstrating the in vivo antitumor activity of, these substances. Conclusions Our findings suggest that cabozantinib and dasatinib may be more effective than pazopanib against ASPS cells. These in vitro and in vivo data suggest that c-MET may be a potential therapeutic target in ASPS, and cabozantinib may be a particularly useful therapeutic option for patients with ASPS, including those with pazopanib-resistant ASPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Mukaihara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kubota
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Akaike
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mogushi
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Hosoya
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Sato
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kobayashi
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketo Okubo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youngji Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kohsaka
- Department of Medical Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kaneko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Suehara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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21
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Ranieri G, Marech I, Niccoli Asabella A, Di Palo A, Porcelli M, Lavelli V, Rubini G, Ferrari C, Gadaleta CD. Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors Therapies with Mainly Anti-Angiogenic Activity in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Value of PET/CT in Response Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091937. [PMID: 28891933 PMCID: PMC5618586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most frequent renal tumor and the majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced disease. Tumor angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the development and progression of RCC together with hypoxia and glucose metabolism. These three pathways are strictly connected to the cell growth and proliferation, like a loop that is self-feeding. Over the last few years, the ever-deeper knowledge of its contribution in metastatic RCC led to the discovery of numerous tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting pro-angiogenic receptors at different levels such as sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, axitinib, tivozanib, and dovitinib. As anti-angiogenic agents, TKIs interfere the loop, being able to inhibit tumor proliferation. TKIs are now available treatments for advanced RCC, which demonstrated to improve overall survival and/or progression free survival. Their effects can be detectable early on Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) by change in 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-2-d-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake, the main radiotracer used to date, as a strong indicator of biological response. 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated an ability to predict and monitor disease progression, allowing an early and reliable identification of responders, and could be used for image-guided optimization and "personalization" of anti-angiogenic regimens. New radiotracers for biometabolic imaging are currently under investigation, which exploit the other pathways involved in the cancer process, including cellular proliferation, aerobic metabolism, cell membrane synthesis, hypoxia and amino acid transport, as well as the angiogenic process, but they require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Ranieri
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Marech
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandra Di Palo
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Porcelli
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
| | - Valentina Lavelli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Rubini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Cristina Ferrari
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
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Caporarello N, Lupo G, Olivieri M, Cristaldi M, Cambria MT, Salmeri M, Anfuso CD. Classical VEGF, Notch and Ang signalling in cancer angiogenesis, alternative approaches and future directions (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4393-4402. [PMID: 28791360 PMCID: PMC5646999 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new vessels starting from pre-existing vasculature. Tumour environment is characterized by 'aberrant angiogenesis', whose main features are tortuous and permeable blood vessels, heterogeneous both in their structure and in efficiency of perfusion and very different from normal vessels. Therapeutic strategies targeting the three pathways chiefly involved in tumour angiogenesis, VEGF, Notch and Ang signalling, have been identified to block the vascular supply to the tumour. However, phenomena of toxicity, development of primary and secondary resistance and hypoxia significantly blunted the effects of anti-angiogenic drugs in several tumour types. Thus, different strategies aimed to overcome these problems are imperative. The focus of the present review was some principal 'alternative' approaches to classic antiangiogenic therapies, including the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) blockade, the use of oligonucleotide complementary to the miRNA to compete with the mRNA target (antimiRs) and the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The role of blood soluble VEGFA as a predictive biomarker during antiangiogenic therapy in gastric, ovarian and colorectal cancer was also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Caporarello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Melania Olivieri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Cristaldi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Cambria
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Salmeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
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Abstract
RATIONALE Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLS) is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor, and both radiation and conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy remain controversial for metastatic or unresectable disease. PATIENT CONCERNS We presented an 81-year-old Chinese woman with advanced PLS who received apatinib after failure chemotherapy. DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed as having PLS by biopsy. INTERVENTIONS After a failed chemotherapy, apatinib started to be taken orally 425 mg per day. OUTCOMES This patient achieved 3-month progression-free survival (PFS) and a higher quality of life. Meanwhile, this patient suffered grade 2 hypertension and grade 3 hand-foot syndrome (HFS). LESSONS In this case, apatinib presented good efficacy and safety to treat PLS. Randomized clinical studies are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of apatinib in the treatment of PLS.
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Xu W, Pan Y, Wang H, Li H, Peng Q, Wei D, Chen C, Zheng J. Synthesis and Evaluation of New Pyrazoline Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents in HepG-2 Cell Line. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030467. [PMID: 28300751 PMCID: PMC6155299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health concern worldwide. Adverse effects of cancer treatments still compromise patients' quality of life. To identify new potential anticancer agents, a series of novel pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic effects on HepG-2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line) and primary hepatocytes. Compound structures were confirmed by ¹H-NMR, mass spectrometry, and infrared imaging. An in vitro assay demonstrated that several compounds exerted cytotoxicity in the micromolar range. Benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl-[5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydo-pyrazol-1-yl]-methanone (b17) was the most effective anticancer agent against HepG-2 cells owing to its notable inhibitory effect on HepG-2 with an IC50 value of 3.57 µM when compared with cisplatin (IC50 = 8.45 µM) and low cytotoxicity against primary hepatocytes. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis/necrosis evaluation using this compound revealed that b17 notably arrested HepG-2 cells in the G₂/M phase and induced HepG-2 cells apoptosis. Our findings indicate that compound b17 may be a promising anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong, China.
| | - Duncan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jinhong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Abstract
Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) recovery rapidly occurring at 14 days after start of chemotherapy for osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma is a good prognostic factor. Conversely, lymphopenia is associated with significantly decreased sarcoma survival. Clearly, the immune system can contribute towards better survival from sarcoma. This chapter will describe treatment and host factors that influence immune function and how effective local control and systemic interventions of sarcoma therapy can cause inflammation and/or immune suppression but are currently the standard of care. Preclinical and clinical efforts to enhance immune function against sarcoma will be reviewed. Interventions to enhance immune function against sarcoma have included regional therapy (surgery, cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation, electroporation, and radiotherapy), cytokines, macrophage activators (mifamurtide), vaccines, natural killer (NK) cells, T cell receptor (TCR) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and efforts to decrease inflammation. The latter is particularly important because of new knowledge about factors influencing expression of checkpoint inhibitory molecules, PD1 and CTLA-4, in the tumor microenvironment. Since these molecules can now be blocked using anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, how to translate this knowledge into more effective immune therapies in the future as well as how to augment effectiveness of current interventions (e.g., radiotherapy) is a challenge. Barriers to implementing this knowledge include cost of agents that release immune checkpoint blockade and coordination of cost-effective outpatient sarcoma treatment. Information on how to research clinical trial eligibility criteria and how to access current immune therapy trials against sarcoma are shared, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Anderson
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Cleveland Clinic S20, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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26
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Miyagawa T, Kadono T, Kimura T, Saigusa R, Yoshizaki A, Miyagaki T, Yamada D, Masui Y, Fujita H, Sato S. Pazopanib induced a partial response in a patient with metastatic fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans without genetic translocations resistant to mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide and dacarbazine chemotherapy and gemcitabine-docetaxel chemothera. J Dermatol 2016; 44:e21-e22. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Miyagawa
- Department of Dermatology; University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo
| | - Takafumi Kadono
- Department of Dermatology; St Marianna University School of Medicine; Kawasaki Japan
| | - Takayuki Kimura
- Department of Dermatology; University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo
| | - Ryosuke Saigusa
- Department of Dermatology; University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology; University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo
| | - Tomomitsu Miyagaki
- Department of Dermatology; University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Dermatology; University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo
| | - Yuri Masui
- Department of Dermatology; University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo
| | - Hideki Fujita
- Department of Dermatology; University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology; University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo
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27
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Falcon BL, Chintharlapalli S, Uhlik MT, Pytowski B. Antagonist antibodies to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) as anti-angiogenic agents. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 164:204-25. [PMID: 27288725 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of numerous signaling pathways in endothelial and mesangial cells results in exquisite control of the process of physiological angiogenesis, with a central role played by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and its cognate ligands. However, deregulated angiogenesis participates in numerous pathological processes. Excessive activation of VEGFR-2 has been found to mediate tissue-damaging vascular changes as well as the induction of blood vessel expansion to support the growth of solid tumors. Consequently, therapeutic intervention aimed at inhibiting the VEGFR-2 pathway has become a mainstay of treatment in cancer and retinal diseases. In this review, we introduce the concepts of physiological and pathological angiogenesis, the crucial role played by the VEGFR-2 pathway in these processes, and the various inhibitors of its activity that have entered the clinical practice. We primarily focus on the development of ramucirumab, the antagonist monoclonal antibody (mAb) that inhibits VEGFR-2 and has recently been approved for use in patients with gastric, colorectal, and lung cancers. We examine in-depth the pre-clinical studies using DC101, the mAb to mouse VEGFR-2, which provided a conceptual foundation for the role of VEGFR-2 in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Finally, we discuss further clinical development of ramucirumab and the future of targeting the VEGF pathway for the treatment of cancer.
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28
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Scheipl S, Barnard M, Cottone L, Jorgensen M, Drewry DH, Zuercher WJ, Turlais F, Ye H, Leite AP, Smith JA, Leithner A, Möller P, Brüderlein S, Guppy N, Amary F, Tirabosco R, Strauss SJ, Pillay N, Flanagan AM. EGFR inhibitors identified as a potential treatment for chordoma in a focused compound screen. J Pathol 2016; 239:320-34. [PMID: 27102572 PMCID: PMC4922416 DOI: 10.1002/path.4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumour with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. We undertook a focused compound screen (FCS) against 1097 compounds on three well-characterized chordoma cell lines; 154 compounds were selected from the single concentration screen (1 µm), based on their growth-inhibitory effect. Their half-maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) values were determined in chordoma cells and normal fibroblasts. Twenty-seven of these compounds displayed chordoma selective cell kill and 21/27 (78%) were found to be EGFR/ERBB family inhibitors. EGFR inhibitors in clinical development were then studied on an extended cell line panel of seven chordoma cell lines, four of which were sensitive to EGFR inhibition. Sapitinib (AstraZeneca) emerged as the lead compound, followed by gefitinib (AstraZeneca) and erlotinib (Roche/Genentech). The compounds were shown to induce apoptosis in the sensitive cell lines and suppressed phospho-EGFR and its downstream pathways in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of substituent patterns suggested that EGFR-inhibitors with small aniline substituents in the 4-position of the quinazoline ring were more effective than inhibitors with large substituents in that position. Sapitinib showed significantly reduced tumour growth in two xenograft mouse models (U-CH1 xenograft and a patient-derived xenograft, SF8894). One of the resistant cell lines (U-CH2) was shown to express high levels of phospho-MET, a known bypass signalling pathway to EGFR. Neither amplifications (EGFR, ERBB2, MET) nor mutations in EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB4, PIK3CA, BRAF, NRAS, KRAS, PTEN, MET or other cancer gene hotspots were detected in the cell lines. Our findings are consistent with the reported (p-)EGFR expression in the majority of clinical samples, and provide evidence for exploring the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in the treatment of patients with chordoma and studying possible resistance mechanisms to these compounds in vitro and in vivo. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Scheipl
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Michelle Barnard
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK-MedImmune Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucia Cottone
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - David H Drewry
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- SGC-UNC, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William J Zuercher
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- SGC-UNC, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fabrice Turlais
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hongtao Ye
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Ana P Leite
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - James A Smith
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Naomi Guppy
- University College London Advanced Diagnostics, London, UK
| | - Fernanda Amary
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | | | - Nischalan Pillay
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
- University College London Advanced Diagnostics, London, UK
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29
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Becker M, Graf C, Tonak M, Radsak MP, Bopp T, Bals R, Bohle RM, Theobald M, Rommens PM, Proschek D, Wehler TC. Xenograft models for undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma not otherwise specified are essential for preclinical testing of therapeutic agents. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1257-1264. [PMID: 27446424 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma not otherwise specified belongs to the heterogeneous group of soft tissue tumors. It is preferentially located in the upper and lower extremities of the body, and surgical resection remains the only curative treatment. Preclinical animal models are crucial to improve the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. However, this approach has been hampered by the lack of reproducible animal models. The present study established two xenograft animal models generated from stable non-clonal cell cultures, and investigated the difference in chemotherapeutic effects on tumor growth between undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma in vivo and in vitro. The cell cultures were generated from freshly isolated tumor tissues of two patients with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. For the in vivo analysis, these cells were injected subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. The mice were monitored for tumor appearance and treated with the most common or innovative chemotherapeutic agents available to date. Furthermore, the same drugs were administered to in vitro cell cultures. The most effective tumor growth inhibition in vitro was observed with doxorubicin and the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), also known as vorinostat. In the in vivo xenograft mouse model, the combination of doxorubicin and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib induced a significant tumor reduction. By contrast, treatment with vorinostat did not reduce the tumor growth. Taken together, the results obtained from drug testing in vitro differed significantly from the in vivo results. Therefore, the novel and reproducible xenograft animal model established in the present study demonstrated that in vivo models are required to test potential chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma prior to clinical use, since animal models are more similar to humans, compared with in vitro cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Becker
- Institute of Pathology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland D-66421, Germany; Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Working Group, Center of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-5513, Germany
| | - Claudine Graf
- III Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-55131, Germany
| | - Marcus Tonak
- Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Working Group, Center of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-5513, Germany; Department for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg D-68167, Germany
| | - Markus P Radsak
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-55131, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-55131, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland D-66421, Germany
| | - Rainer M Bohle
- Institute of Pathology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland D-66421, Germany
| | - Matthias Theobald
- III Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-55131, Germany
| | - Pol-Maria Rommens
- Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Working Group, Center of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-5513, Germany
| | - Dirk Proschek
- Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Working Group, Center of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-5513, Germany
| | - Thomas C Wehler
- III Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-55131, Germany
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30
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Yanagisawa R, Noguchi M, Fujita K, Sakashita K, Sano K, Ogiso Y, Katsuyama Y, Kondo Y, Komori K, Fujihara I, Kitamura R, Hiroma T, Nakamura T. Preoperative Treatment With Pazopanib in a Case of Chemotherapy-Resistant Infantile Fibrosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:348-51. [PMID: 26375879 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and radiological diagnosis of infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS) is challenging because of its similarity to vascular origin tumors. Treatment involves complete resection. Although chemotherapy may allow more conservative resection, treatment guidelines are not strictly defined. One IFS patient with an unresectable tumor had disease progression during chemotherapy. A primary tumor sample showed high VEGFR-1/2/3 and PDGFR-α/β expression. After pazopanib therapy, most tumor showed necrosis within 29 days and could be removed completely, with no relapse in 8 months post-resection. When IFS features hypervascularity, VEGFR and PDGFR expression may be high, thus allowing consideration of VEGFR inhibitors such as pazopanib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Yanagisawa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masahiko Noguchi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Kenya Fujita
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakashita
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Sano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ogiso
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiaki Kondo
- Department of Radiology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Komori
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ikuko Fujihara
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Rei Kitamura
- Division of Neonatology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Takehiko Hiroma
- Division of Neonatology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nakamura
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan.,Division of Neonatology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan.,Life Science Research Center, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
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31
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Teicher BA, Polley E, Kunkel M, Evans D, Silvers T, Delosh R, Laudeman J, Ogle C, Reinhart R, Selby M, Connelly J, Harris E, Monks A, Morris J. Sarcoma Cell Line Screen of Oncology Drugs and Investigational Agents Identifies Patterns Associated with Gene and microRNA Expression. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2452-62. [PMID: 26351324 PMCID: PMC4636476 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The diversity in sarcoma phenotype and genotype make treatment of this family of diseases exceptionally challenging. Sixty-three human adult and pediatric sarcoma lines were screened with 100 FDA-approved oncology agents and 345 investigational agents. The investigational agents' library enabled comparison of several compounds targeting the same molecular entity allowing comparison of target specificity and heterogeneity of cell line response. Gene expression was derived from exon array data and microRNA expression was derived from direct digital detection assays. The compounds were screened against each cell line at nine concentrations in triplicate with an exposure time of 96 hours using Alamar blue as the endpoint. Results are presented for inhibitors of the following targets: aurora kinase, IGF-1R, MEK, BET bromodomain, and PARP1. Chemical structures, IC50 heat maps, concentration response curves, gene expression, and miR expression heat maps are presented for selected examples. In addition, two cases of exceptional responders are presented. The drug and compound response, gene expression, and microRNA expression data are publicly available at http://sarcoma.cancer.gov. These data provide a unique resource to the cancer research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - Eric Polley
- Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mark Kunkel
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - David Evans
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Thomas Silvers
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Rene Delosh
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Julie Laudeman
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Chad Ogle
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Russell Reinhart
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Michael Selby
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - John Connelly
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Erik Harris
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Anne Monks
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Joel Morris
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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32
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Irimura S, Nishimoto K, Kikuta K, Nakayama R, Susa M, Horiuchi K, Nakamura M, Matsumoto M, Morioka H. Successful Treatment with Pazopanib for Multiple Lung Metastases of Inguinal Epithelioid Sarcoma: A Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2015; 8:378-84. [PMID: 26500539 PMCID: PMC4608657 DOI: 10.1159/000439427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma and usually resistant to chemotherapy. It has high rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis, and the prognosis after metastasis is poor. We report a case of multiple lung metastases of an epithelioid sarcoma originating in the inguinal area that we treated with the multikinase inhibitor pazopanib. The patient was a 38-year-old male who began to experience discomfort in his left inguinal area. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumor extended from the medial aspect of the wing of the left ilium along the iliopsoas muscle to its site of insertion on the femur. The histopathological diagnosis with a biopsy was proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma. Although a positron emission tomography examination showed fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in the left inguinal tumor, there was no distant metastasis. Wide resection by a combined iliac resection procedure was performed. Twelve months after surgery, computed tomography revealed multiple nodules and a diagnosis of bilateral multiple lung metastases was made. Treatment with pazopanib 800 mg was started. After 2.5 months of treatment, a clear reduction in the size of the pulmonary metastases was shown. Thirty months after the start of pazopanib treatment, most of the metastases have disappeared, and no development of new lesions has been seen. Therefore, it appeared that pazopanib was capable of serving as one of the choices of therapeutic agents that should be taken into consideration for the treatment of advanced epithelioid sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Irimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Nishimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kikuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Nakayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiro Susa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Morioka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Marech I, Leporini C, Ammendola M, Porcelli M, Gadaleta CD, Russo E, De Sarro G, Ranieri G. Classical and non-classical proangiogenic factors as a target of antiangiogenic therapy in tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2015; 380:216-26. [PMID: 26238184 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is sustained by classical and non-classical proangiogenic factors (PFs) acting in tumor microenvironment and these factors are also potential targets of antiangiogenic therapies. All PFs induce the overexpression of several signaling pathways that lead to migration and proliferation of endothelial cells contributing to tumor angiogenesis and survival of cancer cells. In this review, we have analyzed each PF with its specific receptor/s and we have summarized the available antiangiogenic drugs (e.g. monoclonal antibodies) targeting these PFs, some of these agents have already been approved, others are currently in development for the treatment of several human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Marech
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Christian Leporini
- Department of Health Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia" Medical School, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Ammendola
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Clinical Surgery Unit, University "Magna Graecia" Medical School, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariangela Porcelli
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Health Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia" Medical School, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Health Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia" Medical School, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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34
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Minoda M, Kawamoto T, Ueha T, Kamata E, Morishita M, Harada R, Toda M, Onishi Y, Hara H, Kurosaka M, Akisue T. Antitumor effect of YM155, a novel small-molecule survivin suppressant, via mitochondrial apoptosis in human MFH/UPS. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:891-9. [PMID: 26166250 PMCID: PMC4532197 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family, which is known to inhibit mitochondrial apoptosis. Survivin is highly expressed in cancers and plays an important role in cancer cell survival, and increased survivin expression is an unfavorable prognostic marker in cancer patients. YM155, a novel small-molecule survivin suppressant, selectively suppresses survivin expression, resulting in the induction of apoptosis in various malignancies. However, the roles of survivin in human malignant fibrous histiocytoma/undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (MFH/UPS) have not been studied. In the present study, we examined survivin expression in human musculoskeletal tumor tissues, and the effect of survivin inhibition by siRNA or YM155 on apoptotic activity in human MFH/UPS cell lines. In tumor tissues, mRNA expression of survivin was significantly higher in MFH/UPS samples than in benign schwannomas. Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that both survivin siRNA and YM155 suppressed survivin expression and inhibited MFH/UPS cell proliferation in a dose- and a time-dependent manner. Further, the numbers of apoptotic cells significantly increased with YM155 treatment. In vivo, tumor volume in YM155-treated groups was significantly reduced without significant bodyweight loss. Increased apoptotic activity along with decreased survivin expression was also observed in YM155-treated tumors. The findings in this study strongly suggest that survivin suppressants, including YM155, contribute to the suppression of human MFH/UPS cell growth via promoting mitochondrial apoptosis, and that survivin may be a potent therapeutic target for the novel treatment of human MFH/UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Minoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Teruya Kawamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueha
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Etsuko Kamata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masayuki Morishita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Risa Harada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Toda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yasuo Onishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hitomi Hara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akisue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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35
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Ammendola M, Sacco R, Marech I, Sammarco G, Zuccalà V, Luposella M, Patruno R, Giordano M, Ruggieri E, Zizzo N, Gadaleta CD, Ranieri G. Microvascular density and endothelial area correlate with Ki-67 proliferative index in surgically-treated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:967-971. [PMID: 26622606 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous experimental and clinical data have indicated that tumour cell proliferation is associated with angiogenesis; in addition, an increased microvascular density (MVD) of tumours has been associated with poor prognosis in solid and haematological malignancies. However, limited data exists regarding the association between tumour cell proliferation and angiogenesis in primary tumour tissue from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients; therefore, the present study aimed to investigate this association. A series of 31 PDAC patients with stage Tumour (T)2-3 Node (N)0-1 Metastasis (M)0 were recruited into the present study and subsequently underwent surgery. PDAC tissue and adjacent normal tissue (ANT), resected during surgery, were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and image analysis methods to determine MVD, endothelial area (EA) and Ki-67 expression, which is an indicator of cell proliferation rate. The results demonstrated a correlation between the above parameters with each other as well as the main clinico-pathological features of PDAC. Significant differences were identified in MVD, EA and Ki-67 proliferation index between PDAC and ANT. It was demonstrated that MVD, EA and Ki-67 proliferation index were significantly correlated with each other in tumour tissue (r=0.69-0.81; P=0.001-0.003). However, no other significant correlations were identified. These data therefore suggested that angiogenesis and cell proliferation rate were significantly increased in PDAC compared with ANT, which provides a biological basis for the potential use of novel combinations of angiogenesis inhibitors and anti-proliferative chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ammendola
- Department of Medical and Surgery Science, Clinical Surgery Unit, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia' Medical School, Catanzaro 88100, Italy ; Surgery Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Rosario Sacco
- Department of Medical and Surgery Science, Clinical Surgery Unit, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia' Medical School, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marech
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sammarco
- Department of Medical and Surgery Science, Clinical Surgery Unit, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia' Medical School, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Valeria Zuccalà
- Department of Health Science, Pathology Unit, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia' Medical School, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Maria Luposella
- Department of Medical and Surgery Science, Cardiovascular Disease Unit, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia' Medical School, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Rosa Patruno
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Marcella Giordano
- Department of Medical and Surgery Science, Clinical Surgery Unit, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia' Medical School, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Eustachio Ruggieri
- Surgery Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Chair of Pathology, 'Aldo Moro' University of Bari, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari 70124, Italy
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Kampmann E, Altendorf-Hofmann A, Gibis S, Lindner LH, Issels R, Kirchner T, Knösel T. VEGFR2 predicts decreased patients survival in soft tissue sarcomas. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:726-30. [PMID: 26298629 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tyrosine kinases are promising targets for personalized medicine, and new drugs are currently in phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials. However, expression analysis of tyrosine kinases as predictive biomarkers is still not a standard approach. Furthermore, only limited studies have investigated the expression of tyrosine kinase receptors on the protein level. In this study, we analysed a well-characterised group of soft tissue sarcomas for different tyrosine kinase receptors and correlated the results with clinicopathological parameters, including survival. METHODS 275 soft tissue sarcomas of our Sarcoma center at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) were reinvestigated and categorized according to the current WHO classification system. The tumor collective included undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (n=81), leiomyosarcomas (n=50), synovial sarcomas (n=27), liposarcomas (n=51), angiosarcomas (n=43) and other soft tissue sarcomas (n=23). RESULTS On protein levels, high expression of VEGFR1 was detected immunohistochemically in 61%, VEGFR2 (KDR) in 11%, VEGFR3 in 64%, PDGFRA in 42% and PDGFRB in 73%. High expression of VEGFR1-3 and PDGFRB was significantly correlated with higher grading (G2 vs G3, p<0.05), and high VEGFR2 was significantly correlated with decreased patients' survival (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Tyrosine kinase receptors showed a distinct expression pattern in soft tissue sarcomas. High expression of VEGFR2 (KDR) is significantly associated with decreased patients' survival. High VEGFR 1-3 and PDGFRB are significantly correlated with higher tumor grading. Protein signatures might be evaluated before targeted therapy to give a rationale for an eligible personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kampmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Gibis
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Lars H Lindner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Issels
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Knösel
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.
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The utility of MYC and FLT4 in the diagnosis and treatment of postradiation atypical vascular lesion and angiosarcoma of the breast. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:868-75. [PMID: 25864386 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Atypical vascular lesions (AVLs) and angiosarcomas (ASs) are well-recognized complications of radiotherapy for breast cancer. Early diagnosis may be challenging, particularly on small biopsies, and the treatment options are limited. Recently, MYC and sometimes FLT4 gene amplification has been reported in AS, but not in AVL, and FLT4 may be a target for therapy. We evaluated the MYC/FLT4 status in AVL and AS by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), determined its utility in differentiating these 2 entities in small biopsies, and ascertained the value of FLT4 as a potential marker for targeted therapy. Thirty-five vascular neoplasms were reviewed from 21 breast cancer patients who received radiotherapy (AVL, n = 18; AS, n = 17). MYC expression by IHC and/or gene amplification by FISH were identified in 13 (77%) of 17 ASs, but none of the AVL cases. Four patients had biopsies with follow-up excisions, of which 1 showed the morphology of an AVL on biopsy and AS on excision, both positive for MYC. Of 17 ASs, 3 (18%) showed strong and diffuse 3+ cytoplasmic FLT4 staining by IHC and FLT4 gene amplification by FISH. All 3 cases were coamplified for the MYC gene. Focal and weak FLT4 cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was present in 2 (12%) of 17 AVL cases and 12 (70%) of 17 AS cases. Although MYC is a valuable ancillary tool in distinguishing AS from AVL, FLT4 IHC may be used to screen for patients with FLT4 gene amplification who might benefit from targeted therapy, as only diffuse strong FLT4 immunoreactivity correlated with FLT4 gene amplification.
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Guan Z, Yu X, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang J, Li G, Cao J, Teng L. Advances in the targeted therapy of liposarcoma. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:125-36. [PMID: 25609980 PMCID: PMC4293924 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s72722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is the most common type of soft-tissue sarcoma. Complete surgical resection is the only curative means for localized disease; however, both radiation and conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy remain controversial for metastatic or unresectable disease. An increasing number of trials with novel targeted therapy of LPS have provided encouraging data during recent years. This review will provide an overview of the advances in our understanding of LPS and summarize the results of recent trials with novel therapies targeting different genetic and molecular aberrations for different subtypes of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghai Guan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongfei Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohao Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangliang Li
- Department of Medicine Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Clinical Research Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Massey PR, Okman JS, Wilkerson J, Cowen EW. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors directed against the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) have distinct cutaneous toxicity profiles: a meta-analysis and review of the literature. Support Care Cancer 2014; 23:1827-35. [PMID: 25471178 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-014-2520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is associated with cutaneous adverse effects that increase patient morbidity. Our objective was to examine the skin toxicity profile of anti-VEGFR TKIs and determine the changing incidence in clinical trials. METHODS PubMed was queried for phase II or III trials of anti-VEGFR TKIs between 2000 and 2013 involving ≥50 patients. Adverse events were abstracted, with results presented in both fixed and random effects models. Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for studies with at least two arms. RESULTS Across 82 included studies, all grades rash (OR, 2.68; 95 % CI, 2.45-2.94), hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) (OR, 2.70; 95 % CI, 2.43-3.00), and pruritus (OR, 1.25; 95 % CI, 1.12-1.39) were associated with anti-VEGFR TKIs. Vandetanib had the highest incidence of rash (41 %), while sorafenib was most commonly associated with HFSR (37 %) and pruritus (14 %). The incidence of HFSR from 2000 to 2013 showed an upward trend (r (2) = 0.042, p = 0.10) and in sunitinib therapy increased significantly (r (2) = 0.237, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION The incidence of HFSR, rash, and pruritus varies considerably by drug. Our data suggest a continued need to address skin toxicities and improve reporting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Massey
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 601 E. 15th Street, CEC 2.470, Austin, TX, 78701, USA,
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Canter RJ, Ames E, Mac S, Grossenbacher SK, Chen M, Li CS, Borys D, Smith RC, Tellez J, Sayers TJ, Monjazeb AM, Murphy WJ. Anti-proliferative but not anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors enrich for cancer stem cells in soft tissue sarcoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:756. [PMID: 25301268 PMCID: PMC4200119 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing studies implicate cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the source of resistance and relapse following conventional cytotoxic therapies. Few studies have examined the response of CSCs to targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We hypothesized that TKIs would have differential effects on CSC populations depending on their mechanism of action (anti-proliferative vs. anti-angiogenic). METHODS We exposed human sarcoma cell lines to sorafenib, regorafenib, and pazopanib and assessed cell viability and expression of CSC markers (ALDH, CD24, CD44, and CD133). We evaluated survival and CSC phenotype in mice harboring sarcoma metastases after TKI therapy. We exposed dissociated primary sarcoma tumors to sorafenib, regorafenib, and pazopanib, and we used tissue microarray (TMA) and primary sarcoma samples to evaluate the frequency and intensity of CSC markers after neoadjuvant therapy with sorafenib and pazopanib. Parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses were performed as appropriate. RESULTS After functionally validating the CSC phenotype of ALDHbright sarcoma cells, we observed that sorafenib and regorafenib were cytotoxic to sarcoma cell lines (P < 0.05), with a corresponding 1.4 - 2.8 fold increase in ALDHbright cells from baseline (P < 0.05). In contrast, we observed negligible effects on viability and CSC sub-populations with pazopanib. At low doses, there was progressive CSC enrichment in vitro after longer term exposure to sorafenib although the anti-proliferative effects were attenuated. In vivo, sorafenib improved median survival by 11 days (P < 0.05), but enriched ALDHbright cells 2.5 - 2.8 fold (P < 0.05). Analysis of primary human sarcoma samples revealed direct cytotoxicity following exposure to sorafenib and regorafenib with a corresponding increase in ALDHbright cells (P < 0.05). Again, negligible effects from pazopanib were observed. TMA analysis of archived specimens from sarcoma patients treated with sorafenib demonstrated significant enrichment for ALDHbright cells in the post-treatment resection specimen (P < 0.05), whereas clinical specimens obtained longitudinally from a patient treated with pazopanib showed no enrichment for ALDHbright cells (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Anti-proliferative TKIs appear to enrich for sarcoma CSCs while anti-angiogenic TKIs do not. The rational selection of targeted therapies for sarcoma patients may benefit from an awareness of the differential impact of TKIs on CSC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Ammendola M, Leporini C, Marech I, Gadaleta CD, Scognamillo G, Sacco R, Sammarco G, De Sarro G, Russo E, Ranieri G. Targeting mast cells tryptase in tumor microenvironment: a potential antiangiogenetic strategy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:154702. [PMID: 25295247 PMCID: PMC4177740 DOI: 10.1155/2014/154702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a complex process finely regulated by the balance between angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors. As a result of proangiogenic factors overexpression, it plays a crucial role in cancer development. Although initially mast cells (MCs) role has been defined in hypersensitivity reactions and in immunity, it has been discovered that MCs have a crucial interplay on the regulatory function between inflammatory and tumor cells through the release of classical proangiogenic factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor) and nonclassical proangiogenic mediators granule-associated (mainly tryptase). In fact, in several animal and human malignancies, MCs density is highly correlated with tumor angiogenesis. In particular, tryptase, an agonist of the proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), represents one of the most powerful angiogenic mediators released by human MCs after c-Kit receptor activation. This protease, acting on PAR-2 by its proteolytic activity, has angiogenic activity stimulating both human vascular endothelial and tumor cell proliferation in paracrine manner, helping tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Based on literature data it is shown that tryptase may represent a promising target in cancer treatment due to its proangiogenic activity. Here we focused on molecular mechanisms of three tryptase inhibitors (gabexate mesylate, nafamostat mesylate, and tranilast) in order to consider their prospective role in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ammendola
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Clinical Surgery Unit, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Christian Leporini
- Department of Health Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marech
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II,” Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II,” Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scognamillo
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II,” Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosario Sacco
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Clinical Surgery Unit, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sammarco
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Clinical Surgery Unit, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Health Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Health Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II,” Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
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c-Kit expression, angiogenesis, and grading in canine mast cell tumour: a unique model to study c-Kit driven human malignancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:730246. [PMID: 24900982 PMCID: PMC4036613 DOI: 10.1155/2014/730246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Canine cutaneous mast cell tumour (CMCT) is a c-Kit driven tumour sharing similar c-Kit aberrations found in human gastrointestinal stromal tumour. CMCT is classified into three forms: well- (G1), intermediately (G2) (more benign diseases), and poorly (G3) differentiated (malignant) forms. We assess a correlation between c-Kit status, grading, and angiogenesis in CMCTs to explore their potential significance in humans. C-Kit receptor (c-KitR) expression, microvascular density (MVD), and mast cell granulated and degranulated status density (MCGD and MCDD, resp.) were analyzed in 97 CMCTs, by means of histochemistry, immunohistochemistry double staining, and image analysis system. Data showed that predominantly diffuse cytoplasmic- and predominantly focal paranuclear- (Golgi-like) c-Kit protein (PDC-c-Kit and PFP-c-Kit, resp.) expression correlate with high MVD, G3 histopathological grade, and MCDD. Moreover, predominant cell membrane-c-KitR (PCM-c-KitR) expression status correlates with low MVD, G1-G2 histopathological grade, and MCGD. These findings underline the key role of c-Kit in the biopathology of canine MCTs, indicating a link between aberrant c-Kit expression, increased angiogenesis, and higher histopathological grade. CMCT seems to be a model to study contributions of c-Kit activated MCs in tumour angiogenesis and to evaluate the inhibition of MCs activation by means of c-Kit tyrosine kinase inhibitors, currently translated in humans.
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Tavallai S, Hamed HA, Grant S, Poklepovic A, Dent P. Pazopanib and HDAC inhibitors interact to kill sarcoma cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:578-85. [PMID: 24556916 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present studies were to determine whether the multi-kinase inhibitor pazopanib interacted with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI: valproate, vorinostat) to kill sarcoma cells. In multiple sarcoma cell lines, at clinically achievable doses, pazopanib and HDACI interacted in an additive to greater than additive fashion to cause tumor cell death. The drug combination increased the numbers of LC3-GFP and LC3-RFP vesicles. Knockdown of Beclin1 or ATG5 significantly suppressed drug combination lethality. Expression of c-FLIP-s, and to a lesser extent BCL-XL or dominant negative caspase 9 reduced drug combination toxicity; knock down of FADD or CD95 was protective. Expression of both activated AKT and activated MEK1 was required to strongly suppress drug combination lethality. The drug combination inactivated mTOR and expression of activated mTOR strongly suppressed drug combination lethality. Treatment of animals carrying sarcoma tumors with pazopanib and valproate resulted in a greater than additive reduction in tumor volume compared with either drug individually. As both pazopanib and HDACIs are FDA-approved agents, our data argue for further determination as to whether this drug combination is a useful sarcoma therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmehrad Tavallai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA
| | - Hossein A Hamed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA
| | - Steven Grant
- Department of Medicine; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA
| | - Andrew Poklepovic
- Department of Medicine; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA
| | - Paul Dent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA
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Radaelli S, Stacchiotti S, Casali PG, Gronchi A. Emerging therapies for adult soft tissue sarcoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:689-704. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.885840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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