1
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Maimaitiyiming M, Yang H, Zhou L, Zhang X, Cai Q, Wang Y. Associations between an obesity-related dietary pattern and incidence of overall and site-specific cancers: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2023; 21:251. [PMID: 37424008 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02955-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dietary pattern (DP) may impact on cancer incidence more strongly than individual foods, but this association remains uncertain. Here, we aimed to broadly explore the associations of an obesity-related DP with overall and 19 site-specific cancers. METHODS This study included 114,289 cancer-free participants with at least two dietary assessments. A total of 210 food items were classified into 47 food groups, and the mean amount of each food group was used in reduced-rank regression to derive the obesity-related DP. Cox regressions were conducted to explore the associations of the obesity-related DP with overall and 19 site-specific cancers. The parallel mediation model was constructed to quantify the mediating roles of potential mediators. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 9.4 years, 10,145 (8.9%) incident cancer cases were documented. The derived-DP was characterized by a higher intake of beer and cider, processed meat, high sugar beverages, red meat, and artificial sweetener, and a lower intake of fresh vegetables, olive oil, tea, and high fiber breakfast cereals. Observational analysis showed that a higher obesity-related DP Z-score was linearly associated with an increased risk of overall cancer (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04 per 1-SD increase, corrected P < 0.001). For site-specific cancer, positive linear associations for six cancer sites (oral, colorectal, liver, lung, endometrium, and thyroid) and nonlinear associations for six cancer sites (esophagus, malignant melanoma, prostate, kidney, bladder, and multiple myeloma) were observed. The paralleled mediation analysis suggested that the association between the obesity-related DP and overall cancer is mediated by the body mass index (BMI), the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), C-reactive protein, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS The developed obesity-related DP is strongly associated with overall and multiple cancer sites. Our findings highlight the complicated and diverse associations between an obesity-related DP and cancers and provide clues for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongxi Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Qiliang Cai
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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2
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Rogers CJ, Petersen K, Kris-Etherton PM. Preventive Nutrition: Heart Disease and Cancer. Med Clin North Am 2022; 106:767-784. [PMID: 36154699 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two of the leading chronic diseases are cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. A cornerstone of prevention for CVD and cancer is a healthy dietary pattern throughout the lifespan. Dietary patterns represent the totality of the diet and reflect habitual consumption of combinations and quantities of foods and nutrients that cumulatively affect health and disease. This article summarizes recent evidence on the relationship of diet quality as measured by adherence to healthy dietary patterns and CVD and cancer risk reduction. Optimal adherence to a healthy dietary pattern decreases CVD and cancer risk; even small changes in diet quality are beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie J Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, 280 Dawson Hall, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kristina Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 508 Human Sciences Building, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 319 Chandlee Lab, University Park, PA 16802 USA.
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3
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Association between long noncoding RNA rs944289 and rs7990916 polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2495. [PMID: 35169218 PMCID: PMC8847648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) play vital roles in the tumorigenesis of many cancers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the lncRNA also play vital roles in tumorigenesis. We explored lncRNA rs944289 and rs7990916 polymorphisms and analyzed the relationship between these lncRNA polymorphisms with the colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in a Chinese population. We recruited 1003 CRC patients from the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University and the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from October 2014 to August 2017. Genomic DNA was extracted using a DNA Kit from lymphocytes of peripheral blood and the genotyping was performed with a SNPscan method. We found that the rs944289 TT homozygote was associated with the decreased CRC risk in the overall population. LncRNA rs944289 TT decreased the CRC risk in the subgroup of female, male, age ≥ 61, without alcohol intake, smoking and BMI ≥ 24 by logistic regression. The subgroup analysis revealed that lncRNA rs7990916 was not associated with CRC risk except for age < 61. Logistic regression analysis revealed that lncRNA rs944289 TT homozygote was associated with the increased risk of rectum cancer (TT vs. CC + CT: adjusted OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.10–1.66, P = 0.041) or colon cancer. In summary, we proved that lncRNA rs944289 might be significantly related to the decreased CRC risk in the Chinese Han populations and lncRNA rs7990916 was not associated with the CRC risk except for patients of age < 61. In the future, studies with larger samples should be conducted to validate our results.
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4
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Trends in colon cancer incidence in young and older adults in Macva region (Serbia). ARCHIVE OF ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/aoo210205005d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Our goal was to conduct the first survey and screening of colon
cancer incidence trends in the Macva district, Serbia. Methods: Age-specific
incidence of colon cancer among the > 20 years old adults that were
diagnosed from 2006-2015 was analyzed using data from Cancer Registries of
the Sabac Public Health Institute and Public Health Institute of Serbia.
Linear model of the incidence rates and annual change in age-standardized
incidence rates, by sex and age were presented. Standardized incidence
ratio, based on average age-specific incidence rates of colon cancer for
Sabac municipality and Central Serbia was calculated. Results: Based on the
results from our study, colon cancer incidence in Sabac municipality
increased in males and females in the last ten years. Risk of developing
colon cancer in males and females, calculated by standardized rates ratios
was 1.5 and 1.3, respectively. Linear, rising trend for age-standardized
incidence rates in the population of Sabac compared to other municipalities
in the Macva district was recorded. Furthermore, standardized incidence
ratios for both females and males were higher compared to data from Central
Serbia (28% and 22%, respectively). Conclusion: Our study revealed increased
colon cancer incidence, with a linear increase of colon cancers in young
males and also in > 50 years old population.
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5
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Sohrabi M, Nikkhah M, Sohrabi M, Rezaee Farimani A, Mirasgari Shahi M, Ziaie H, Shirmardi S, Kohi Z, Salehpour D, Safarnezhad Tameshkel F, Hajibaba M, Zamani F, Ajdarkosh H, Sohrabi M, Gholami A. Evaluating tissue levels of the eight trace elements and heavy metals among esophagus and gastric cancer patients: A comparison between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126761. [PMID: 34139544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the affecting role of environmental factors including trace elements and heavy metals on the upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, there is paucity of empirical research in tissue evaluations. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to measure the tissue content of some trace elements and heavy metals such as zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), and iron (Fe) in esophagus and gastric cancerous tissues compared to the adjacent healthy tissues. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, the aforementioned trace elements and heavy metals were evaluated among patients with esophagus and gastric cancers. During endoscopy, multiple samples were taken from cancerous lesions and the adjacent healthy tissues. The classic flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) method was employed as the study framework. RESULTS Fifty patients with the mean age of 53.92 ± 8.73 were enrolled in the current study. Thirteen patients suffered from esophageal cancer and thirty-seven patients were afflicted with gastric cancer. The results revealed significant differences in the median concentrations of Zn, Cr, Sn and, Cu (P < 0.05) between the two groups. Although there were no significant changes in the tissue content in the esophageal samples, in the median concentrations of Zn, Cr and, Sn (P < 0.05) in gastric tissues, significant differences were observed. Further, the results indicated that gender enacted an affecting role in the level of some trace elements and heavy metals. CONCLUSION The tissue contents of some elements were altered in gastric and esophageal cancers; this difference may reflect the underlying mechanism of cellular changing during the tumorigenesis or direct exposure of these elements. It seems that under the shade of other coexisting risk factors, larger cohort studies are suggested to be conducted to investigate other probable aspects in this area of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoudreza Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Sohrabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad University, North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Rezaee Farimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Ziaie
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Shirmardi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad University, North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Kohi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad University, North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Salehpour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad University, North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marzieh Hajibaba
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ajdarkosh
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoudreza Sohrabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad University, North Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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6
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Mahanani MR, Kaucher S, Kajüter H, Holleczek B, Becher H, Winkler V. Colorectal Cancer among Resettlers from the Former Soviet Union and in the General German Population: Clinical and Pathological Characteristics and Trends. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094547. [PMID: 33922962 PMCID: PMC8123280 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined time trends and clinical and pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) among ethnic German migrants from the Former Soviet Union (resettlers) and the general German population. Incidence data from two population-based cancer registries were used to analyze CRC as age-standardized rates (ASRs) over time. The respective general populations and resettler cohorts were used to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) by time-period (before and after the introduction of screening colonoscopy in 2002), tumor location, histologic type, grade, and stage at diagnosis. Additionally, SIRs were modeled with Poisson regression to depict time trends. During the study period from 1990 to 2013, the general populations showed a yearly increase of ASR, but for age above 55, truncated ASR started to decline after 2002. Among resettlers, 229 CRC cases were observed, resulting in a lowered incidence for all clinical and pathological characteristics compared to the general population (overall SIR: 0.78, 95% CI 0.68–0.89). Regression analysis revealed an increasing SIR trend after 2002. Population-wide CRC incidence decreases after the introduction of screening colonoscopy. In contrast the lowered CRC incidence among resettlers is attenuating to the general population after 2002, suggesting that resettlers do not benefit equally from screening colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani Ratih Mahanani
- Epidemiology of Transition, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.R.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Simone Kaucher
- Epidemiology of Transition, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.R.M.); (S.K.)
| | | | | | - Heiko Becher
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Volker Winkler
- Epidemiology of Transition, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.R.M.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Poursheikhani A, Abbaszadegan MR, Kerachian MA. Mechanisms of long non-coding RNA function in colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2020; 17:7-23. [PMID: 32970938 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers globally. Although a variety of CRC screening methods have been developed, many patients are diagnosed at advanced stages of CRC with tumor invasion and distance metastasis. Several studies have suggested the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as one of the main contributors in CRC tumorigenesis, although the exact underlying mechanism of lncRNAs in CRC is still unknown. Numerous studies have indicated aberrant expression of lncRNAs in CRC through different modes of action such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair response, drug-resistance, migration, and metastasis. Furthermore, lncRNA polymorphisms can influence the risk of CRC development. Accordingly, lncRNAs can be served as promising diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and also desired therapeutic targets affecting the outcome of patients with CRC. In this review, we summarized the updated and novel evidence that identifies different roles of lncRNAs in the tumorigenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Poursheikhani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiotherapy, and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Lowery JT, Weber TK, Ahnen DJ, Schroy III PC, Levell CL, Smith RA. An action plan to address the rising burden of colorectal cancer in younger adults. COLORECTAL CANCER 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/crc-2020-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable convened a national Summit to discuss the causes of early-onset colorectal cancer and clinical challenges to mitigating burden of this disease. Materials & methods: Information presented was synthesized through scientific consensus building to determine priorities for new research and practice change. Results: Research priorities include evaluating role of novel risk factors, understanding natural history and identifying ways to implement evidenced-based practices for identifying and managing at-risk persons. Practice change should focus on adoption of guidelines for collecting family history, screening in young adults at risk, provider and population awareness about risk and symptoms, and universal tumor testing. Conclusion: Successful implementation of strategies to address research and practice change will require collaboration from multiple partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan T Lowery
- Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas K Weber
- Northwell Health, Professor of Surgery, Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Dennis J Ahnen
- Gastroenterology of the Rockies, University of Colorado School of Medicine & Director of Genetics Program, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paul C Schroy III
- Boston University School of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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9
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Aussem A, Ludwig K. The Potential for Reducing Lynch Syndrome Cancer Risk with Nutritional Nrf2 Activators. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:404-419. [PMID: 32281399 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1751215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS), is an autosomal dominant disorder predisposing patients to multiple cancers, predominantly colorectal (CRC) and endometrial, and is implicated in 2-4% of all CRC cases. LS is characterized by mutations of four mismatch repair (MMR) genes which code for proteins responsible for recognizing and repairing DNA lesions occurring through multiple mechanisms including oxidative stress (OS). Increased OS can cause DNA mutations and is considered carcinogenic. Due to reduced MMR activity, LS patients have an increased risk of cancer as a result of a decreased ability to recognize and repair DNA lesions caused by OS. Due to its carcinogenic properties, reducing the level of OS may reduce the risk of cancer. Nutritional Nrf2 activators have been shown to reduce the risk of carcinogenesis in the general population through activation of the endogenous antioxidant system. Common nutritional Nrf2 activators include sulforaphane, curcumin, DATS, quercetin, resveratrol, and EGCG. Since LS patients are more susceptible to carcinogenesis caused by OS, it is hypothesized that nutritional Nrf2 activators may have the potential to reduce the risk of cancer in those with LS by modulating OS and inflammation. The purpose of this paper is to review the available evidence in support of this statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Aussem
- Hawthorn University, Whitethorn, California, USA.,McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kirsten Ludwig
- Hawthorn University, Whitethorn, California, USA.,Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behaviour, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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10
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Monahan KJ, Bradshaw N, Dolwani S, Desouza B, Dunlop MG, East JE, Ilyas M, Kaur A, Lalloo F, Latchford A, Rutter MD, Tomlinson I, Thomas HJW, Hill J. Guidelines for the management of hereditary colorectal cancer from the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG)/Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI)/United Kingdom Cancer Genetics Group (UKCGG). Gut 2020; 69:411-444. [PMID: 31780574 PMCID: PMC7034349 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heritable factors account for approximately 35% of colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, and almost 30% of the population in the UK have a family history of CRC. The quantification of an individual's lifetime risk of gastrointestinal cancer may incorporate clinical and molecular data, and depends on accurate phenotypic assessment and genetic diagnosis. In turn this may facilitate targeted risk-reducing interventions, including endoscopic surveillance, preventative surgery and chemoprophylaxis, which provide opportunities for cancer prevention. This guideline is an update from the 2010 British Society of Gastroenterology/Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (BSG/ACPGBI) guidelines for colorectal screening and surveillance in moderate and high-risk groups; however, this guideline is concerned specifically with people who have increased lifetime risk of CRC due to hereditary factors, including those with Lynch syndrome, polyposis or a family history of CRC. On this occasion we invited the UK Cancer Genetics Group (UKCGG), a subgroup within the British Society of Genetic Medicine (BSGM), as a partner to BSG and ACPGBI in the multidisciplinary guideline development process. We also invited external review through the Delphi process by members of the public as well as the steering committees of the European Hereditary Tumour Group (EHTG) and the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE). A systematic review of 10 189 publications was undertaken to develop 67 evidence and expert opinion-based recommendations for the management of hereditary CRC risk. Ten research recommendations are also prioritised to inform clinical management of people at hereditary CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Monahan
- Family Cancer Clinic, St Mark's Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Nicola Bradshaw
- Clinical Genetics, West of Scotland Genetics Services, Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sunil Dolwani
- Gastroenterology, Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bianca Desouza
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - James E East
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Asha Kaur
- Head of Policy and Campaigns, Bowel Cancer UK, London, UK
| | - Fiona Lalloo
- Genetic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Matthew D Rutter
- Gastroenterology, University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Birmingham, UK
- Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Huw J W Thomas
- Family Cancer Clinic, St Mark's Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - James Hill
- Genetic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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11
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Wang ST, Cui WQ, Pan D, Jiang M, Chang B, Sang LX. Tea polyphenols and their chemopreventive and therapeutic effects on colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:562-597. [PMID: 32103869 PMCID: PMC7029350 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i6.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a multifactorial disease, is usually induced and developed through complex mechanisms, including impact of diet and lifestyle, genomic abnormalities, change of signaling pathways, inflammatory response, oxidation stress, dysbiosis, and so on. As natural polyphenolic phytochemicals that exist primarily in tea, tea polyphenols (TPs) have been shown to have many clinical applications, especially as anticancer agents. Most animal studies and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that TPs can prevent and treat CRC. TPs can inhibit the growth and metastasis of CRC by exerting the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative or pro-oxidative, and pro-apoptotic effects, which are achieved by modulations at multiple levels. Many experiments have demonstrated that TPs can modulate several signaling pathways in cancer cells, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and 67 kDa laminin receptor pathway, to inhibit proliferation and promote cell apoptosis. In addition, novel studies have also suggested that TPs can prevent the growth and metastasis of CRC by modulating the composition of gut microbiota to improve immune system and decrease inflammatory responses. Molecular pathological epidemiology, a novel multidisciplinary investigation, has made great progress on CRC, and the further molecular pathological epidemiology research should be developed in the field of TPs and CRC. This review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies and potential mechanisms to examine the effects of tea polyphenols on CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Tong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wen-Qi Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dan Pan
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li-Xuan Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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12
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Abstract
Over the past decade, the search for dietary factors on which to base cancer prevention guidelines has led to the rapid expansion of the field of dietary patterns and cancer. Multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported epidemiological associations between specific cancer types and both data-driven dietary patterns determined by empirical analyses and investigator-defined dietary indexes based on a predetermined set of dietary components. New developments, such as the use of metabolomics to identify objective biomarkers of dietary patterns and novel statistical techniques, could provide further insights into the links between diet and cancer risk. Although animal models of dietary patterns are limited, progress in this area could identify the potential mechanisms underlying the disease-specific associations observed in epidemiological studies. In this Review, we summarize the current state of the field, provide a critical appraisal of new developments and identify priority areas for future research. An underlying theme that emerges is that the effectiveness of different dietary pattern recommendations in reducing risk could depend on the type of cancer or on other risk factors such as family history, sex, age and other lifestyle factors or comorbidities as well as on metabolomic signatures or gut microbiota profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Steck
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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13
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Wang Y, Nasiri AR, Damsky WE, Perry CJ, Zhang XM, Rabin-Court A, Pollak MN, Shulman GI, Perry RJ. Uncoupling Hepatic Oxidative Phosphorylation Reduces Tumor Growth in Two Murine Models of Colon Cancer. Cell Rep 2019; 24:47-55. [PMID: 29972790 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with colon cancer pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanism is actively debated. Here, we confirm that diet-induced obesity promotes tumor growth in two murine colon cancer models and show that this effect is reversed by an orally administered controlled-release mitochondrial protonophore (CRMP) that acts as a liver-specific uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. This agent lowered circulating insulin, and the reduction of tumor growth was abrogated by an insulin infusion raising plasma insulin to the level of high-fat-fed mice. We also demonstrate that hyperinsulinemia increases glucose uptake and oxidation in vivo in tumors and that CRMP reverses these effects. This study provides evidence that perturbations of whole-organism energy balance or hepatic energy metabolism can influence neoplastic growth. Furthermore, the data show that glucose uptake and utilization by cancers in vivo are not necessarily constitutively high but rather may vary according to the hormonal milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ali R Nasiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - William E Damsky
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Curtis J Perry
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xian-Man Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Aviva Rabin-Court
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael N Pollak
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada; Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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14
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Intake of red and processed meat on the incidence of cancer: Are the risks really relevant? Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Ouedraogo S, Tapsoba TW, Bere B, Ouangre E, Zida M. [Epidemiology, treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer in young adults in sub-Saharan Africa]. Bull Cancer 2019; 106:969-974. [PMID: 31615647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the most common digestive cancer. The objectives of this study was to analyse the frequency, aetiologies, and the therapeutic and progressive aspects of colorectal cancer in young adults in Burkina Faso. This study was a 10-years descriptive study conducted in 2 regional hospitals in Burkina Faso. It included all patients aged 20 to 45 years admitted to these two hospitals for colon cancer or rectal cancer during the study period. A total of 116 patients were included, which was 39.2% of all patients admitted for colorectal cancer during the same period. The average age of the included patients was 35.4 years old. There were 70 male patients (60.3%). Seven patients had a history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and six had a family history of colon cancer. The average consultation time was 6.2 months. In 25 cases (19.9%), the cancer was discovered in the context of an abdominal emergency. Ninety-two patients (79.3%) were diagnosed at stage 3 or stage 4 according to the TNM Staging System. The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma (103 cases, 88.9%). Therapeutically, surgery was performed on 87 patients (75%) and chemotherapy was used in 37 cases (31.9%). Sixteen patients received radiotherapy. The intra operative mortality rate was 4.6%. The 5-year survival rate was 17%. In conclusion, colorectal cancer in young adults occurs without obvious risk factors in Burkina Faso. Mortality remains high because of the limited therapeutic arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souleymane Ouedraogo
- Centre hospitalier universitaire de Ouahigouya, chirurgie générale et digestive, Burkina Faso.
| | - Toussaint W Tapsoba
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Charles De Gaulles de Ouagadougou, chirurgie pédiatrique, Burkina Faso
| | - Bernadette Bere
- Centre hospitalier universitaire de Ouahigouya, chirurgie générale et digestive, Burkina Faso
| | - Edgar Ouangre
- Centre hospitalier universitaire de Ouahigouya, chirurgie générale et digestive, Burkina Faso
| | - Maurice Zida
- Centre hospitalier universitaire de Ouahigouya, chirurgie générale et digestive, Burkina Faso
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16
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Pacheco-Pérez LA, Ruíz-González KJ, de-la-Torre-Gómez ACG, Guevara-Valtier MC, Rodríguez-Puente LA, Gutiérrez-Valverde JM. Environmental factors and awareness of colorectal cancer in people at familial risk. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2019; 27:e3195. [PMID: 31618388 PMCID: PMC6792335 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.3082.3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective to identify the association between environmental risk factors and awareness
of colorectal cancer in people at familial risk. Method cross-sectional correlational study, with a sample consisted of people who
met at least one of the Revised Bethesda criteria, and 80 participants were
included in this study. A sociodemographic data record, the AUDIT Test for
alcohol use, the Fagerström Test for tobacco smoking, the Estimation and
Frequency of Food Intake scale, and the Cancer Awareness Measure
questionnaire to assess the colorectal cancer awareness were used. Body mass
index was calculated, and descriptive statistics and the Pearson’s
Correlation Coefficient were used to estimate the association. Results female sex predominated, with an average age of 37.8 years, almost half of
the participants were overweight, 45% showed symptoms of alcohol dependence,
half of the sample showed an association between hereditary factors and the
development of colorectal cancer, and less than half of them were aware of
cancer prevention programs. Conclusion there is little information on the main environmental risk factors, signs
and symptoms of colorectal cancer, and no significant association was found
between these and colorectal cancer awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Arturo Pacheco-Pérez
- Universidad de Sonora. Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México.,Bolsista da CONACYT, México
| | - Karla Judith Ruíz-González
- Hospital General "Dr Salvador Zubirán Anchondo". Supervisión de Enfermería, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
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17
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Mathers JC. Obesity and bowel cancer: from molecular mechanisms to interventions. Nutr Res 2019; 70:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Anderson AS, Caswell S, Mowat C, Strachan JA, Steele RJC. Lifestyle in patients at increased risk of colorectal cancer. J Hum Nutr Diet 2019; 32:570-577. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Anderson
- Centre for Research into Cancer Prevention and Screening Cancer Research Division Ninewells Hospital & Medical School Dundee UK
| | - S. Caswell
- Centre for Research into Cancer Prevention and Screening Cancer Research Division Ninewells Hospital & Medical School Dundee UK
| | - C. Mowat
- Department of Gastroenterology Ninewells Hospital Dundee UK
| | | | - R. J. C. Steele
- Centre for Research into Cancer Prevention and Screening Cancer Research Division Ninewells Hospital & Medical School Dundee UK
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19
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Xu H, Matsushita K, Su G, Trevisan M, Ärnlöv J, Barany P, Lindholm B, Elinder CG, Lambe M, Carrero JJ. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and the Risk of Cancer. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 14:530-539. [PMID: 30872279 PMCID: PMC6450356 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.10820918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Community-based reports regarding eGFR and the risk of cancer are conflicting. We here explore plausible links between kidney function and cancer incidence in a large Scandinavian population-based cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS In the Stockholm Creatinine Measurements project, we quantified the associations of baseline eGFR with the incidence of cancer among 719,033 Swedes ages ≥40 years old with no prior history of cancer. Study outcomes were any type and site-specific cancer incidence rates on the basis of International Classification of Diseases-10 codes over a median follow-up of 5 years. To explore the possibility of detection bias and reverse causation, we divided the follow-up time into different time periods (≤12 and >12 months) and estimated risks for each of these intervals. RESULTS In total, 64,319 cases of cancer (affecting 9% of participants) were detected throughout 3,338,226 person-years. The relationship between eGFR and cancer incidence was U shaped. Compared with eGFR of 90-104 ml/min, lower eGFR strata associated with higher cancer risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 1.11 for eGFR=30-59 ml/min and adjusted hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.15 to 1.35 for eGFR<30 ml/min). Lower eGFR strata were significantly associated with higher risk of skin, urogenital, prostate, and hematologic cancers. Any cancer risk as well as skin (nonmelanoma) and urogenital cancer risks were significantly elevated throughout follow-up time, but they were higher in the first 12 months postregistration. Associations with hematologic and prostate cancers abrogated after the first 12 months of observation, suggesting the presence of detection bias and/or reverse causation. CONCLUSIONS There is a modestly higher cancer risk in individuals with mild to severe CKD driven primarily by skin and urogenital cancers, and this is only partially explained by bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Departments of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, and
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Guobin Su
- Public Health Sciences
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Departments of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden; and
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Peter Barany
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl-Gustaf Elinder
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Lambe
- Departments of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
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20
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Rising Proportion of Young Individuals With Rectal and Colon Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2019; 18:e87-e95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Shahjehan F, Merchea A, Cochuyt JJ, Li Z, Colibaseanu DT, Kasi PM. Body Mass Index and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:620. [PMID: 30631753 PMCID: PMC6315135 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between body mass index (BMI) and colorectal cancer is unique. There are several patient- and tumor-related factors that affect this and associations are not entirely clear. The primary aim of this study is to examine the association between BMI and survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis. Methods: Among 26,908 Mayo Clinic patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 1972 and 2017, 3,799 patients had information on BMI within 6 months prior to cancer diagnosis. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess the differences in overall survival between BMI groups in each cancer stage, controlling for age, gender, year of diagnosis, and cancer location. The impact of change of BMI at 30, 60, and 90 days on survival afterwards were also analyzed. Results: Among 3,799 patients included in the study, there were 29% normal weight, 2% underweight, 36% overweight, and 33% obese patients. With all stages combined together, the overall 5-years survival rates for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese patients were 33, 56, 60, and 65%, respectively (p < 0.001). The results show that, the difference in overall survival was not statistically significant when underweight, overweight, and obese patients were compared to normal weight patients in stage 1 and stage 2, although there was a trend that overweight patients had better survival than normal weight group in stage 2 cancer patients (HR = 0.8, p = 0.086). In stage 3 and 4 patients combined, underweight group demonstrated a significant disadvantage (HR = 1.96, p = 0.007) for overall survival compared to the normal weight group. Additionally, post-diagnosis BMI drop more than 10% from either a previous time (HR = 1.88, p = 0.002) or pre-diagnosis time (HR = 1.61, p < 0.001) was associated with worse overall survival after adjusting for baseline variables. Conclusions: BMI is an important consideration in patients with colorectal cancer. Outcomes are stage-dependent where in some situations obesity maybe an advantage. More importantly, being underweight is a significant negative predictor of outcome. The impact of drop in BMI or weight, on survival of CRC patients, needs to be studied further since this is potentially an actionable variable and a dynamic biomarker that may help improve outcome in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Shahjehan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Amit Merchea
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Jordan J Cochuyt
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Zhuo Li
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Dorin T Colibaseanu
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL, United States
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22
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Kountouras J, Polyzos SA, Doulberis M, Zeglinas C, Artemaki F, Vardaka E, Deretzi G, Giartza-Taxidou E, Tzivras D, Vlachaki E, Kazakos E, Katsinelos P, Mantzoros CS. Potential impact of Helicobacter pylori-related metabolic syndrome on upper and lower gastrointestinal tract oncogenesis. Metabolism 2018; 87:18-24. [PMID: 29936174 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Both Helicobacter pylori infection and metabolic syndrome present significant global public health burdens. Metabolic syndrome is closely related to insulin resistance, the major underlying mechanism responsible for metabolic abnormalities, and Helicobacter pylori infection has been proposed to be a contributing factor. There is growing evidence for a potential association between Helicobacter pylori infection and insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and related morbidity, including abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, all of which increase mortality related to cardio-cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and malignancies. More specifically, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and hyperinsulinemia have been associated with upper and lower gastrointestinal tract oncogenesis. Apart from cardio-cerebrovascular, degenerative diseases and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a number of studies claim that Helicobacter pylori infection is implicated in metabolic syndrome-related Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma development, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric oncogenesis as well as lower gastrointestinal tract oncogenesis. This review summarizes evidence on the potential impact of Helicobacter pylori-related metabolic syndrome on gastroesophageal reflux disease-Barrett's esophagus-esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric atrophy-intestinal metaplasia-dysplasia-gastric cancer and colorectal adenoma-dysplasia-colorectal cancer sequences. Helicobacter pylori eradication might inhibit these oncogenic processes, and thus further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital Inselspital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christos Zeglinas
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Fotini Artemaki
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Vardaka
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Sindos, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | | | | | - Efthymia Vlachaki
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Zhang Q, Berger FG, Love B, Banister CE, Murphy EA, Hofseth LJ. Maternal stress and early-onset colorectal cancer. Med Hypotheses 2018; 121:152-159. [PMID: 30396471 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is defined as colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed before the age of 50. Alarmingly, there has been a significant increase in EOCRC diagnoses' worldwide over the past several decades. Emerging data suggest EOCRCs have distinguishing clinical, pathological, biological and molecular features; and thus, are a fundamentally different subtype of CRCs. Unfortunately, there is no simple explanation for the causes of EOCRC. Scientifically rigorous studies are needed to determine what may be driving the challenging epidemiology of EOCRC. We contend here that a reasonable hypothesis is that prenatal risk factors such as maternal stress and associated sleeping disorders influence offspring epigenetic make-up, and shape immune system and gut health contributing to an increased risk for EOCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Franklin G Berger
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Bryan Love
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Carolyn E Banister
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Lorne J Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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24
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Shiao SPK, Xiao H, Dong L, Wang X, Liu K, She J, Shi H. Genome wide DNA differential methylation regions in colorectal cancer patients in relation to blood related family members, obese and non-obese controls - a preliminary report. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25557-25571. [PMID: 29876008 PMCID: PMC5986643 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite evidences linking methylation changes in the cancer tissues, little is known about the methylation modification in the peripheral blood. With the current study, we identified differential methylation regions (DMRs) across human genome by collecting the blood samples of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients compared to that of their blood-related family who shared genetic inheritance and environmental influences, and unrelated obese and non-obese controls by accessing publicly available Gene Expression Omnibus data. We performed genome-wide analyses using the reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) method covering about 25% of CpGs for whole human genome of the four groups (n = 5 each). In comparison to the non-obese controls, we observed significant DMRs in CRC for genes involved in tumorigenesis including MLH3, MSH2, MSH6, SEPT9, GNAS; and glucose transporter genes associated with obesity and diabetes including SLC2A1/GLUT1, and SLC2A3/GLUT3 that were reported on methylation being modified in cancer tissues. In addition, we observed significant DMRs in CRC for genes involved in the methylation pathways including PEMT, ALDH1L1, and DNMT3A. CRC and family members shared significant DMRs for genes of tumorigenesis including MSH2, SEPT9, GNAS, SLC2A1/GLUT1 and SLC2A3/GLUT3); and CAMK1, GLUT1/SLC2A1 and GLUT3/SLC2A3 genes involved in glucose and insulin metabolism that played vital role in development of obesity and diabetes. Our study provided evidences that these differentially methylated genes in the blood could potentially serve as candidate biomarkers for CRC diagnostic and may provide further understanding on CRC progression. Further studies are warranted to validate these methylation changes for diagnostic and prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pamela K Shiao
- College of Nursing, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- College of Nursing, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lixin Dong
- College of Nursing, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jinxiong She
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Huidong Shi
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA
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25
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Anderson AS, Dunlop J, Gallant S, Macleod M, Miedzybrodzka Z, Mutrie N, O'Carroll RE, Stead M, Steele RJC, Taylor RS, Vinnicombe S, Berg J. Feasibility study to assess the impact of a lifestyle intervention ('LivingWELL') in people having an assessment of their family history of colorectal or breast cancer. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019410. [PMID: 29391383 PMCID: PMC5879797 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility of delivering and evaluating a weight management (WM) programme for overweight patients with a family history (FH) of breast cancer (BC) or colorectal cancer (CRC). STUDY DESIGN A two-arm (intervention vs usual care) randomised controlled trial. SETTING National Health Service (NHS) Tayside and NHS Grampian. PARTICIPANTS People with a FH of BC or CRC aged≥18 years and body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 referred to NHS genetic services. INTERVENTION Participants were randomised to a control (lifestyle booklet) or 12-week intervention arm where they were given one face-to-face counselling session, four telephone consultations and web-based support. A goal of 5% reduction in body weight was set, and a personalised diet and physical activity (PA) programme was provided. Behavioural change techniques (motivational interviewing, action and coping plans and implementation intentions) were used. PRIMARY OUTCOME Feasibility measures: recruitment, programme implementation, fidelity measures, achieved measurements and retention, participant satisfaction assessed by questionnaire and qualitative interviews. SECONDARY OUTCOMES Measured changes in weight and PA and reported diet and psychosocial measures between baseline and 12-week follow-up. RESULTS Of 480 patients approached, 196 (41%) expressed interest in the study, and of those, 78 (40%) patients were randomised. Implementation of the programme was challenging within the time allotted and fidelity to the intervention modest (62%). Qualitative findings indicated the programme was well received. Questionnaires and anthropometric data were completed by >98%. Accelerometer data were attained by 84% and 54% at baseline and follow-up, respectively. Retention at 12 weeks was 76%. Overall, 36% of the intervention group (vs 0% in control) achieved 5% weight loss. Favourable increases in PA and reduction in dietary fat were also reported. CONCLUSIONS A lifestyle programme for people with a family history of cancer is feasible to conduct and acceptable to participants, and indicative results suggest favourable outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN13123470; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie S Anderson
- Centre for Research into Cancer Prevention and Screening / Tayside Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Jacqueline Dunlop
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Stephanie Gallant
- Centre for Research into Cancer Prevention and Screening / Tayside Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Maureen Macleod
- Centre for Research into Cancer Prevention and Screening / Tayside Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Nanette Mutrie
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ronan E O'Carroll
- Division of Psychology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Martine Stead
- Institute for Social Marketing, Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Robert J C Steele
- Centre for Research into Cancer Prevention and Screening / Tayside Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Rod S Taylor
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah Vinnicombe
- Centre for Research into Cancer Prevention and Screening / Tayside Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Jonathan Berg
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
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26
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Yang SA. Lack of association between glutathione s-transferase mu 1 ( GSTM1) gene polymorphisms and obesity. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:608-612. [PMID: 29114537 PMCID: PMC5667609 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1735128.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent researches suggested that personal individual’s genetic background is contributed to the susceptibility to obesity. The present of this study is to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of glutathione s-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) gene are susceptibility to obesity in Korean population. In present study, two SNPs (rs1056806 [Asp142Asp], rs3815029 [promoter]) of GSTM1 gene were genotyped in 117 overweight/obese subjects with a body mass index (BMI)≥23 kg/m2 and 125 nonoverweight/obese with a BMI of 18.5–23.0 kg/m2. Genotyping of two SNPs (rs1056806 and rs3815029) was determined by sequencing after polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression models (codominant, dominant, recessive, and log-additive models) and allele analysis were used to calculate odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and P-values. Significant association was considered at P<0.05. Tested two SNPs in GSTM1 genes did not show any significant association with obesity (rs1056806, P=0.24 in codominant 1 model; rs3815029, P=0.59 in codominant 1, P=0.09 in codominant 2, P=0.16 in dominant, P=0.09 in recessive, and P=0.07 in log-additive models). In summary, these results indicate that SNPs of GSTM1 gene did not associated with susceptibility of obesity in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ae Yang
- College of Nursing, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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