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Jeong H, Ra K, Araújo DF, Yoo CM, Hyeong K, Park SJ. Zinc and copper isotope fractionation in metal leaching from hydrothermal ore deposits: Environmental implications for deep-sea mining. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174833. [PMID: 39025143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Deep-sea mining can remobilize large amounts of inert metals from hydrothermal seafloor massive sulfides (SMSs) into bioavailable toxic forms that are dissolved in the water column, potentially impacting marine ecosystems. It is thus critical to assess the impacts of deep-sea mining on the reactivities and behaviors of crucial elements (e.g., Zn and Cu) and their isotopes during mineral leaching processes. To this end, we conducted leaching experiments using different SMS mineral types (CuFe rich, Fe rich, and ZnFe rich) to assess metal releases and the isotope fractionations of Zn and Cu. Significant correlations were observed between Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb concentrations in leachates and the SMSs, suggesting that metal leaching into seawater depended on individual SMS metal content. The Zn and Cu concentrations in leachates varied greatly by both SMS type and the leaching time. Zn concentrations from ZnFe rich SMSs exceeded the recommended effluent limits set by the IFC World Bank and the USEPA. SMS ore leachates exhibited Cu and Zn isotope ratios distinct from those of Indian Ocean deep seawater. The isotope fractionation magnitude (Δore-seawater) of Cu was more pronounced than that of Zn, likely due to the redox process involved in the leaching processes. In contrast, the Zn isotope signatures in leachates conserve those of minerals, although slight isotope fractionations occurred in solution following the adsorption and precipitation processes of Fe-oxyhydroxides. Our findings confirm that leveraging the chemical and isotope signatures of toxic metals offers a valuable approach for assessing the extent of metal contamination of leachates and mine tailings stemming from deep-sea mining operations, concerning their influence on the surrounding water columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeryeong Jeong
- Ifremer, CCEM-Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins (CCEM), F-44300 Nantes, France; Marine Environmental Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kongtae Ra
- Marine Environmental Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science (Oceanography), KIOST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel F Araújo
- Ifremer, CCEM-Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins (CCEM), F-44300 Nantes, France
| | - Chan Min Yoo
- Ocean Georesources Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiseong Hyeong
- Ocean Georesources Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Park
- Critical Minerals Research Center, Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Sun J, Chen C, Watanabe HK, Feng D, Zhang Y, Chiu JM, Qian PY, Qiu JW. Adaptation and evolution of deep-sea scale worms (Annelida: Polynoidae): insights from transcriptome comparison with a shallow-water species. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46205. [PMID: 28397791 PMCID: PMC5387418 DOI: 10.1038/srep46205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polynoid scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida) invaded deep-sea chemosynthesis-based ecosystems approximately 60 million years ago, but little is known about their genetic adaptation to the extreme deep-sea environment. In this study, we reported the first two transcriptomes of deep-sea polynoids (Branchipolynoe pettiboneae, Lepidonotopodium sp.) and compared them with the transcriptome of a shallow-water polynoid (Harmothoe imbricata). We determined codon and amino acid usage, positive selected genes, highly expressed genes and putative duplicated genes. Transcriptome assembly produced 98,806 to 225,709 contigs in the three species. There were more positively charged amino acids (i.e., histidine and arginine) and less negatively charged amino acids (i.e., aspartic acid and glutamic acid) in the deep-sea species. There were 120 genes showing clear evidence of positive selection. Among the 10% most highly expressed genes, there were more hemoglobin genes with high expression levels in both deep-sea species. The duplicated genes related to DNA recombination and metabolism, and gene expression were only enriched in deep-sea species. Deep-sea scale worms adopted two strategies of adaptation to hypoxia in the chemosynthesis-based habitats (i.e., rapid evolution of tetra-domain hemoglobin in Branchipolynoe or high expression of single-domain hemoglobin in Lepidonotopodium sp.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jin Sun
- Division of Life Sciences, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Hiromi K. Watanabe
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Dong Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jill M.Y. Chiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Division of Life Sciences, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Baer B, Millar AH. Proteomics in evolutionary ecology. J Proteomics 2015; 135:4-11. [PMID: 26453985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary ecologists are traditionally gene-focused, as genes propagate phenotypic traits across generations and mutations and recombination in the DNA generate genetic diversity required for evolutionary processes. As a consequence, the inheritance of changed DNA provides a molecular explanation for the functional changes associated with natural selection. A direct focus on proteins on the other hand, the actual molecular agents responsible for the expression of a phenotypic trait, receives far less interest from ecologists and evolutionary biologists. This is partially due to the central dogma of molecular biology that appears to define proteins as the 'dead-end of molecular information flow' as well as technical limitations in identifying and studying proteins and their diversity in the field and in many of the more exotic genera often favored in ecological studies. Here we provide an overview of a newly forming field of research that we refer to as 'Evolutionary Proteomics'. We point out that the origins of cellular function are related to the properties of polypeptide and RNA and their interactions with the environment, rather than DNA descent, and that the critical role of horizontal gene transfer in evolution is more about coopting new proteins to impact cellular processes than it is about modifying gene function. Furthermore, post-transcriptional and post-translational processes generate a remarkable diversity of mature proteins from a single gene, and the properties of these mature proteins can also influence inheritance through genetic and perhaps epigenetic mechanisms. The influence of post-transcriptional diversification on evolutionary processes could provide a novel mechanistic underpinning for elements of rapid, directed evolutionary changes and adaptations as observed for a variety of evolutionary processes. Modern state-of the art technologies based on mass spectrometry are now available to identify and quantify peptides, proteins, protein modifications and protein interactions of interest with high accuracy and assess protein diversity and function. Therefore, proteomic technologies can be viewed as providing evolutionary biologist with exciting novel opportunities to understand very early events in functional variation of cellular molecular machinery that are acting as part of evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Baer
- Centre for Integrative Bee Research (CIBER) and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Bayliss Building, The University of Western Australia, 6009 Crawley, Australia.
| | - A H Millar
- Centre for Integrative Bee Research (CIBER) and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Bayliss Building, The University of Western Australia, 6009 Crawley, Australia
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The biological deep sea hydrothermal vent as a model to study carbon dioxide capturing enzymes. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:719-738. [PMID: 21673885 PMCID: PMC3111178 DOI: 10.3390/md9050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep sea hydrothermal vents are located along the mid-ocean ridge system, near volcanically active areas, where tectonic plates are moving away from each other. Sea water penetrates the fissures of the volcanic bed and is heated by magma. This heated sea water rises to the surface dissolving large amounts of minerals which provide a source of energy and nutrients to chemoautotrophic organisms. Although this environment is characterized by extreme conditions (high temperature, high pressure, chemical toxicity, acidic pH and absence of photosynthesis) a diversity of microorganisms and many animal species are specially adapted to this hostile environment. These organisms have developed a very efficient metabolism for the assimilation of inorganic CO2 from the external environment. In order to develop technology for the capture of carbon dioxide to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, enzymes involved in CO2 fixation and assimilation might be very useful. This review describes some current research concerning CO2 fixation and assimilation in the deep sea environment and possible biotechnological application of enzymes for carbon dioxide capture.
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Colombet J, Charpin M, Robin A, Portelli C, Amblard C, Cauchie HM, Sime-Ngando T. Seasonal depth-related gradients in virioplankton: standing stock and relationships with microbial communities in Lake Pavin (France). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2009; 58:728-736. [PMID: 19475444 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-009-9535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a depth-related survey of virioplankton abundance in Lake Pavin (Massif Central, France), in relation to the abundances of heterotrophic prokaryotes, picocyanobacteria (Pcy), autotrophic picoeukaryotes (Peu), and of autotrophic (ANF) and heterotrophic (HNF) nanoflagellates. The sampling strategy was designed to be representative of the physico-chemical gradients of the whole water column of the lake, and the seasonal variability as well. In mixolimnic surface waters, all communities were present and viral abundance peaked in summer and autumn. Viral abundance was significantly correlated (p < 0.001) with Pcy, Peu, and ANF, indicating that cyanophages and perhaps other phytoplankton viruses represent a significant pool of viral standing stocks in the mixolimnion of Lake Pavin. Microautotrophs were absent in the deep monimolimnic water masses, where viruses and heterotrophic prokaryotes exhibited highest seasonal abundances in summer and/or autumn and were significantly correlated (p < 0.001) to each other. This indicates that the anoxic monimolimnion of Lake Pavin is an exclusive habitat for viruses and heterotrophic prokaryotes. We conclude that in this habitat, host availability is prevalent over other factors (temperature, oxygen, nutrients, grazers) in favoring viral proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Colombet
- LMGE, Laboratoire Microorganismes Génome & Environnement, UMR CNRS 6023, Université Blaise Pascal (Clermont-Ferrand II), 63177, Aubière Cedex, France
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Organisms of deep sea hydrothermal vents as a source for studying adaptation and evolution. Symbiosis 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03179972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Leignel V, Marchand J, Moreau B, Chénais B. Metallothionein genes from hydrothermal crabs (Bythograeidae, Decapoda): characterization, sequence analysis, gene expression and comparison with coastal crabs. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 148:6-13. [PMID: 18403273 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal vent conditions can alter DNA and hydrothermal organisms may develop detoxification mechanisms and/or genetic adaptations. Hydrothermal vent animals notably synthesize a high quantity of metallothioneins (MT). Recent studies have revealed that the levels of MT within hydrothermal crustacean tissues are higher than those found in other vent animals. To improve our understanding of the environmental impacts exerted on the vent organisms, we characterized the metallothioneins (cDNA and Mt genes) of several members of the Bythograeidae (Bythograea thermydron, Cyanagraea praedator and Segonzacia mesatlantica) which is the only endemic hydrothermal crab family. In comparison, the isolation of metallothionein cDNA was also carried out in several coastal crab families. The results showed that the hydrothermal crabs possess Mt composed of three exons and two introns presenting conserved splicing signals. The cDNA sequences isolated from distinct crabs showed multiple substitutions. In spite of the unique environmental conditions, the protein sequence analysis revealed no specific amino acid residue for the MT of the three hydrothermal crabs. However, gene expression analysis performed by real-time PCR based on S. mesatlantica (hydrothermal crab) compared to Pachygrapsus marmoratus (coastal crab) confirmed the higher metallothionein induction in hydrothermal crabs suggested by others authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Leignel
- Université du Maine, EA3265, Laboratoire de Biologie et Génétique Evolutive, Le Mans, F-72085, France.
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