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Losada JM. Concluding Embryogenesis After Diaspora: Seed Germination in Illicium Parviflorum. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1352-1363. [PMID: 37349968 PMCID: PMC10755177 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Albuminous seeds, dispersed with a minimally developed embryo surrounded by nutrient storage tissue, are pervasive across extinct and extant early diverging angiosperm lineages. Typically, seed ontogenic studies have focused on the time between fertilization and seed release, but in albuminous seeds, embryogenesis is incomplete at the time of seed dispersal. Here, I studied the morphological and nutritional relationships between the embryo and the endosperm after seed dispersal in Illicium parviflorum (Austrobaileyales). Seeds of I. parviflorum germinate over a period of three months. Different stages during the germination process were anatomically evaluated using a combination of histochemistry and immunocytochemistry. At dispersal, the seeds of Illicium contain a tiny achlorophyllous embryo with minimal histological differentiation, surrounded by copious amounts of lipo-protein globules stored in the endosperm within cell walls rich in un-esterified pectins. Six weeks later, the embryo expanded and differentiated the vascular tissues before the emergence of the radicle through the seed coat, as the stored lipids and proteins coalesced within cells. Six weeks later, the cotyledons contained starch and complex lipids intracellularly, and accumulated low-esterified pectins in their cell walls. The proteolipid-rich albuminous seeds of Illicium exemplify how woody angiosperms of the Austrobaileyales, Amborellales, and many magnoliids release seeds with high-energy storage compounds that are reprocessed by embryos that complete development during germination. Seedlings of these lineages thrive in the understory of tropical environments, which match with the predicted habitats where angiosperms evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Losada
- Institute of Subtropical and Mediterranean Hortofruticulture La Mayora – CSIC – UMA. Avda. Dr. Wienberg s/n., Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, 29750, Spain
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2
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Kim ES, Han JH, Olejar KJ, Park SH. Degeneration of oil bodies by rough endoplasmic reticulum -associated protein during seed germination in Cannabis sativa. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad082. [PMID: 38094511 PMCID: PMC10718813 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Oil bodies serve as a vital energy source of embryos during germination and contribute to sustaining the initial growth of seedlings until photosynthesis initiation. Despite high stability in chemical properties, how oil bodies break down and go into the degradation process during germination is still unknown. This study provides a morphological understanding of the mobilization of stored compounds in the seed germination of Cannabis. The achenes of fibrous hemp cultivar (Cannabis sativa cv. 'Chungsam') were examined in this study using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Oil bodies in Cannabis seeds appeared spherical and sporadically distributed in the cotyledonary cells. Protein bodies contained electron-dense globoid and heterogeneous protein matrices. During seed germination, rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and high electron-dense substances were present adjacent to the oil bodies. The border of the oil bodies became a dense cluster region and appeared as a sinuous outline. Later, irregular hyaline areas were distributed throughout oil bodies, showing the destabilized emulsification of oil bodies. Finally, the oil bodies lost their morphology and fused with each other. The storage proteins were concentrated in the centre of the protein body as a dense homogenous circular mass surrounded by a light heterogeneous area. Some storage proteins are considered emulsifying agents on the surface region of oil bodies, enabling them to remain stable and distinct within and outside cotyledon cells. At the early germination stage, rER appeared and dense substances aggregated adjacent to the oil bodies. Certain proteins were synthesized within the rER and then translocated into the oil bodies by crossing the half membrane of oil bodies. Our data suggest that rER-associated proteins function as enzymes to lyse the emulsifying proteins, thereby weakening the emulsifying agent on the surface of the oil bodies. This process plays a key role in the degeneration of oil bodies and induces coalescence during seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Soo Kim
- Institute of Cannabis Research, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd. Pueblo, CO 81001-4901, USA
| | - Joon-Hee Han
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, 32, Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenneth J Olejar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd. Pueblo, CO 81001-4901, USA
| | - Sang-Hyuck Park
- Institute of Cannabis Research, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd. Pueblo, CO 81001-4901, USA
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3
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Ntone E, Rosenbaum B, Sridharan S, Willems SBJ, Moultos OA, Vlugt TJH, Meinders MBJ, Sagis LMC, Bitter JH, Nikiforidis CV. The dilatable membrane of oleosomes (lipid droplets) allows their in vitro resizing and triggered release of lipids. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6355-6367. [PMID: 37577849 PMCID: PMC10445523 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00449j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that lipid droplets (LDs), called oleosomes, have an inherent ability to inflate or shrink when absorbing or fueling lipids in the cells, showing that their phospholipid/protein membrane is dilatable. This property is not that common for membranes stabilizing oil droplets and when well understood, it could be exploited for the design of responsive and metastable droplets. To investigate the nature of the dilatable properties of the oleosomes, we extracted them from rapeseeds to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion. Initially, we added an excess of rapeseed oil in the dispersion and applied high-pressure homogenization, resulting in a stable oil-in-water emulsion, showing the ability of the molecules on the oleosome membrane to rearrange and reach a new equilibrium when more surface was available. To confirm the rearrangement of the phospholipids on the droplet surface, we used molecular dynamics simulations and showed that the fatty acids of the phospholipids are solubilized in the oil core and are homogeneously spread on the liquid-like membrane, avoiding clustering with neighbouring phospholipids. The weak lateral interactions on the oleosome membrane were also confirmed experimentally, using interfacial rheology. Finally, to investigate whether the weak lateral interactions on the oleosome membrane can be used to have a triggered change of conformation by an external force, we placed the oleosomes on a solid hydrophobic surface and found that they destabilise, allowing the oil to leak out, probably due to a reorganisation of the membrane phospholipids after their interaction with the hydrophobic surface. The weak lateral interactions on the LD membrane and their triggered destabilisation present a unique property that can be used for a targeted release in foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Ntone
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, PO Box 17, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- TiFN, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Rosenbaum
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Simha Sridharan
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, PO Box 17, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- TiFN, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stan B J Willems
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University and Research, Axis, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Othonas A Moultos
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs J H Vlugt
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel B J Meinders
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 17, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherland
| | - Leonard M C Sagis
- Laboratory of Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H Bitter
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, PO Box 17, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Constantinos V Nikiforidis
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, PO Box 17, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Chen A, Hu S, Zhu D, Zhao R, Huang C, Gao Y. Lipid droplets proteome reveals dynamic changes of lipid droplets protein during embryonic development of Carya cathayensis nuts. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023:111753. [PMID: 37268111 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) is an important intracellular organelle for triacylglycerols (TAGs) storage. A variety of proteins on the surface of LD coordinately control the contents, size, stability and biogenesis of LD. However, the LD proteins in Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis) nuts, which rich in oil and composed of unsaturated fatty acids, have not been identified and their roles in LD formation still remain largely unknown. In present study, LD fractions from three developmental stages of Chinese hickory seed were enriched and the LD fraction accumulated proteins were then isolated and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Protein compositions throughout the various developmental phases were calculated using label-free intensity-based absolute quantification (iBAQ) algorithm. The dynamic proportion of high abundance lipid droplets proteins such as oleosins 2 (OLE2), caleosins 1 (CLO1) and steroleosin 5 (HSD5) increased parallelly with the embryo development. For low abundance lipid droplets proteins, SEED LD PROTEIN 2 (SLDP2), STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (SMT1) and LD-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1 (LDAP1) were the predominant proteins. Moreover, 14 low abundance OB proteins such as oil body-associated protein 2A (OBAP2A) were selected for future investigation that may associate with embryo development. Overall, 62 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were determined by label free quantification (LFQ) algorithms and may involve in LD biogenesis. Furthermore, the subcellular localization validation indicated that selected LD proteins were targeted to the lipid droplets, confirming the promising of proteome data. Taken together, this comparative study may shed light on further study to understand the lipid droplets function in the seed, which contains high oil content. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: The mass spectrometry proteomics data are available in the ProteomeXchange Consortium (accession number: PXD038646).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Dongmei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Chunying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yanli Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
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Xu K, Zou W, Peng B, Guo C, Zou X. Lipid Droplets from Plants and Microalgae: Characteristics, Extractions, and Applications. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040594. [PMID: 37106794 PMCID: PMC10135979 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant and algal LDs are gaining popularity as a promising non-chemical technology for the production of lipids and oils. In general, these organelles are composed of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and various surface-associated proteins. Many studies have shown that LDs are involved in numerous biological processes such as lipid trafficking and signaling, membrane remodeling, and intercellular organelle communications. To fully exploit the potential of LDs for scientific research and commercial applications, it is important to develop suitable extraction processes that preserve their properties and functions. However, research on LD extraction strategies is limited. This review first describes recent progress in understanding the characteristics of LDs, and then systematically introduces LD extraction strategies. Finally, the potential functions and applications of LDs in various fields are discussed. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the properties and functions of LDs, as well as potential approaches for their extraction and utilization. It is hoped that these findings will inspire further research and innovation in the field of LD-based technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwei Xu
- Institute of Systems Security and Control, College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710074, China
| | - Wen Zou
- State Owned SIDA Machinery Manufacturing, Xianyang 712201, China
| | - Biao Peng
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710074, China
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiaotong Zou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
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6
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Hanano A, Blée E, Murphy DJ. Caleosin/peroxygenases: multifunctional proteins in plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:387-409. [PMID: 36656070 PMCID: PMC10072107 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caleosin/peroxygenases (CLO/PXGs) are a family of multifunctional proteins that are ubiquitous in land plants and are also found in some fungi and green algae. CLO/PXGs were initially described as a class of plant lipid-associated proteins with some similarities to the oleosins that stabilize lipid droplets (LDs) in storage tissues, such as seeds. However, we now know that CLO/PXGs have more complex structures, distributions and functions than oleosins. Structurally, CLO/PXGs share conserved domains that confer specific biochemical features, and they have diverse localizations and functions. SCOPE This review surveys the structural properties of CLO/PXGs and their biochemical roles. In addition to their highly conserved structures, CLO/PXGs have peroxygenase activities and are involved in several aspects of oxylipin metabolism in plants. The enzymatic activities and the spatiotemporal expression of CLO/PXGs are described and linked with their wider involvement in plant physiology. Plant CLO/PXGs have many roles in both biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants and in their responses to environmental toxins. Finally, some intriguing developments in the biotechnological uses of CLO/PXGs are addressed. CONCLUSIONS It is now two decades since CLO/PXGs were first recognized as a new class of lipid-associated proteins and only 15 years since their additional enzymatic functions as a new class of peroxygenases were discovered. There are many interesting research questions that remain to be addressed in future physiological studies of plant CLO/PXGs and in their recently discovered roles in the sequestration and, possibly, detoxification of a wide variety of lipidic xenobiotics that can challenge plant welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsamie Hanano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus, Syria
| | - Elizabeth Blée
- Former Head of Phyto-oxylipins laboratory, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Strasbourg, France
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Treforest, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus, Syria
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Decker EA, Villeneuve P. Impact of processing on the oxidative stability of oil bodies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:6001-6015. [PMID: 36600584 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2160963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipids are stored as emulsified lipid droplets also called lipid bodies, spherosomes, oleosomes or oil bodies. Oil bodies are found in many seeds such as cereals, legumes, or in microorganisms such as microalgae, bacteria or yeast. Oil Bodies are unique subcellular organelles with sizes ranging from 0.2 to 2.5 μm and are made of a triacylglycerols hydrophobic core that is surrounded by a unique monolayer membrane made of phospholipids and anchored proteins. Due to their unique properties, in particular their resistance to coalescence and aggregation, oil bodies have an interest in food formulations as they can constitute natural emulsified systems that does not need the addition of external emulsifier. This manuscript focuses on how extraction processes and other factors impact the oxidative stability of isolated oil bodies. The potential role of oil bodies in the oxidative stability of intact foods is also discussed. In particular, we discuss how constitutive components of oil bodies membranes are associated in a strong network that may have an antioxidant effect either by physical phenomenon or by chemical reactivities. Moreover, the importance of the selected process to extract oil bodies is discussed in terms of oxidative stability of the recovered oil bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Decker
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Chenoweth Laboratory, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pierre Villeneuve
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Montpellier, France
- Qualisud, Univ. Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
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8
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Hao J, Li X, Wang Q, Lv W, Zhang W, Xu D. Recent developments and prospects in the extraction, composition, stability, food applications, and
in vitro
digestion of plant oil bodies. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), School of Food and Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), School of Food and Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), School of Food and Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Wenwen Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), School of Food and Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Wenguan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), School of Food and Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Duoxia Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), School of Food and Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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Lee SE, Yoon IS, Hwang YS. Abscisic acid activation of oleosin gene HvOle3 expression prevents the coalescence of protein storage vacuoles in barley aleurone cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:817-834. [PMID: 34698829 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in aleurone cells coalesce during germination, and this process is highly coupled with mobilization of PSV reserves, allowing de novo synthesis of various hydrolases in aleurone cells for endosperm degradation. Here we show that in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) oleosins, the major integral proteins of oleosomes are encoded by four genes (HvOle1 to 4), and the expression of HvOle1 and HvOle3 is strongly up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA), which shows antagonism to gibberellic acid. In aleurone cells, all HvOLEs were subcellularly targeted to the tonoplast of PSVs. Gain-of-function analyses revealed that HvOLE3 effectively delayed PSV coalescence, whereas HvOLE1 only had a moderate effect, with no notable effect of HvOLE2 and 4. With regard to longevity, HvOLE3 chiefly outperformed other HvOLEs, followed by HvOLE1. Experiments swapping the N- and C-terminal domain between HvOLE3 and other HvOLEs showed that the N-terminal region of HvOLE3 is mainly responsible, with some positive effect by the C-terminal region, for mediating the specific preventive effect of HvOLE3 on PSV coalescence. Three ACGT-core elements and the RY-motif were responsible for ABA induction of HvOle3 promoter activity. Transient expression assays using aleurone protoplasts demonstrated that transcriptional activation of the HvOle3 promoter was mediated by transcription factors HvABI3 and HvABI5, which acted downstream of protein kinase HvPKABA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sun Yoon
- Gene Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sic Hwang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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10
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Board AJ, Crowther JM, Acevedo-Fani A, Meisrimler CN, Jameson GB, Dobson RCJ. How plants solubilise seed fats: revisiting oleosin structure and function to inform commercial applications. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:257-266. [PMID: 35340610 PMCID: PMC8921422 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants store triacylglycerides in organelles called oil bodies, which are important fuel sources for germination. Oil bodies consist of a lipid core surrounded by an interfacial single layer membrane of phospholipids and proteins. Oleosins are highly conserved plant proteins that are important for oil body formation, solubilising the triacylglycerides, stabilising oil bodies, and playing a role in mobilising the fuel during the germination process. The domain structure of oleosins is well established, with N- and C-terminal domains that are hydrophilic flanking a long hydrophobic domain that is proposed to protrude into the triacylglyceride core of the oil body. However, beyond this general understanding, little molecular level detail on the structure is available and what is known is disputed. This lack of knowledge limits our understanding of oleosin function and concomitantly our ability to engineer them. Here, we review the state of play in the literature regarding oleosin structure and function, and provide some examples of how oleosins can be used in commercial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Board
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand ,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer M. Crowther
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand ,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Claudia-Nicole Meisrimler
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey B. Jameson
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand ,School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Renwick C. J. Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand ,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand ,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
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11
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Moran ET. Dietary free fatty acids complex with amylose creating another form of resistant starch: Gastrointestinal formation with fowl and swine. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:1124-1132. [PMID: 34738043 PMCID: PMC8551414 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fat added to poultry and swine feeds often contains abundant free fatty acids (FFA) that can impair digestible energy (DE). Placement of the fatty acid (FA) hydrocarbon chain in the helix core reformed from amylose creates a complex of both nutrients. Resulting modifications create a new structure termed the V-helix that becomes resistant to α-amylase. Granules in grain naturally contain minimal amounts of these complexes with more being generated during food manufacturing when moisture and heat release amylose in the presence of FFA. A paucity of FFA usually exists in complete feeds without sources of poor-quality fat. Animal fats and by-product meals from rendering are prominent in their saturated FFA content which favorably complex within the helix. V-helix-FA complexes may arise during their concurrent encounter of FFA together with amylose during feed manufacture, particularly pelleting. FFA in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are speculated to further form complexes when present together with amylose. Although amylose may be dissolved in the gastric and small intestinal milieu, FFA separately coalesce into hydrophobic fat droplets along with other dietary lipids. Formation of complexes is likely restricted until FFA are released into the aqueous phase during fat digestion. Although α-amylase may be prominent, V-helix-FA complexes being resistant to enzymic attack pass into the large intestine. Subsequent microbial catabolism of V-helices may generate volatile fatty acids that are absorbed by the mucosa; however, an inability to use FFA once released leads to their excretion and basis for decreased DE. Immature microbial populations with young animals usually lack the capacity to fully catabolize the V-helix, further extending the loss in DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin T. Moran
- Poultry Science Department, Auburn University, AL, 36849-5416, USA
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12
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The Effect of pH and Storage Temperature on the Stability of Emulsions Stabilized by Rapeseed Proteins. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071657. [PMID: 34359527 PMCID: PMC8303418 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed press cake (RPC), the by-product of rapeseed oil production, contains proteins with emulsifying properties, which can be used in food applications. Proteins from industrially produced RPC were extracted at pH 10.5 and precipitated at pH 3 (RPP3) and 6.5 (RPP6.5). Emulsions were formulated at three different pHs (pH 3, 4.5, and 6) with soy lecithin as control, and were stored for six months at either 4 °C or 30 °C. Zeta potential and droplet size distribution were analyzed prior to incubation, and emulsion stability was assessed over time by a Turbiscan instrument. Soy lecithin had significantly larger zeta potential (−49 mV to 66 mV) than rapeseed protein (−19 mV to 20 mV). Rapeseed protein stabilized emulsions with smaller droplets at pH close to neutral, whereas soy lecithin was more efficient at lower pHs. Emulsions stabilized by rapeseed protein had higher stability during storage compared to emulsions prepared by soy lecithin. Precipitation pH during the protein extraction process had a strong impact on the emulsion stability. RPP3 stabilized emulsions with higher stability in pHs close to neutral, whereas the opposite was found for RPP6.5, which stabilized more stable emulsions in acidic conditions. Rapeseed proteins recovered from cold-pressed RPC could be a suitable natural emulsifier and precipitation pH can be used to monitor the stability in emulsions with different pHs.
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Resende MT, Linder C, Wiesman Z. Low‐Field
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Time Domain Characterization of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid
–
Rich Linseed and Fish Oil Emulsions during Thermal Air Oxidation. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maysa T. Resende
- Phyto‐Lipid Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Charles Linder
- Phyto‐Lipid Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Zeev Wiesman
- Phyto‐Lipid Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheva 84105 Israel
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14
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Structural and interfacial characterization of oil bodies extracted from Camellia oleifera under the neutral and alkaline condition. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Combining P and Zn fertilization to enhance yield and grain quality in maize grown on Mediterranean soils. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7427. [PMID: 33795774 PMCID: PMC8016957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of individual and joint fertilization with P and Zn on maize plants grown on typical Mediterranean soils with a limited Zn availability. For this purpose, we examined the effects of P and Zn fertilization individually and in combination on growth, yield and grain protein content in maize grown in pots filled with three different Mediterranean soils (LCV, FER and INM). Phosphorus and Zn translocation to grain was impaired, and aboveground dry matter and yield at harvest reduced by 8–85% (LCV and FER), in plants treated with Zn or P alone relative to unfertilized (control) plants. In contrast, joint fertilization with P and Zn enhanced translocation of these nutrients to grain and significantly increased aboveground dry matter (30% in LCV, 50% in FER and 250% in INM) and grain Zn availability in comparison with control plants. Also, joint application of both nutrients significantly increased grain P (LCV) and Zn (LCV and FER) use efficiency relative P and Zn, respectively, alone. Yield was increased between 31% in LCV and 121% in FER relative to control plants, albeit not significantly. Fertilization with P or Zn significantly influenced the abundance of specific proteins affecting grain quality (viz., storage, lys-rich and cell wall proteins), which were more abundant in mature grains from plants fertilized with Zn alone and, to a lesser extent, P + Zn. Sustainable strategies in agriculture should consider P–Zn interactions in maize grown on soils with a limited availability of Zn, where Zn fertilization is crucial to ensure grain quality.
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16
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Abdullah, Weiss J, Zhang H. Recent advances in the composition, extraction and food applications of plant-derived oleosomes. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Correa SM, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z, Brotman Y. Towards model-driven characterization and manipulation of plant lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101051. [PMID: 32640289 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipids have versatile applications and provide essential fatty acids in human diet. Therefore, there has been a growing interest to better characterize the genetic basis, regulatory networks, and metabolic pathways that shape lipid quantity and composition. Addressing these issues is challenging due to context-specificity of lipid metabolism integrating environmental, developmental, and tissue-specific cues. Here we systematically review the known metabolic pathways and regulatory interactions that modulate the levels of storage lipids in oilseeds. We argue that the current understanding of lipid metabolism provides the basis for its study in the context of genome-wide plant metabolic networks with the help of approaches from constraint-based modeling and metabolic flux analysis. The focus is on providing a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art of modeling plant lipid metabolic pathways, which we then contrast with the existing modeling efforts in yeast and microalgae. We then point out the gaps in knowledge of lipid metabolism, and enumerate the recent advances of using genome-wide association and quantitative trait loci mapping studies to unravel the genetic regulations of lipid metabolism. Finally, we offer a perspective on how advances in the constraint-based modeling framework can propel further characterization of plant lipid metabolism and its rational manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Correa
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel; Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Systems Biology and Mathematical Modelling Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
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18
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Romero-Guzmán M, Jung L, Kyriakopoulou K, Boom R, Nikiforidis C. Efficient single-step rapeseed oleosome extraction using twin-screw press. J FOOD ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Influence of soaking time on the mechanical properties of rapeseed and their effect on oleosome extraction. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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20
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Romero-Guzmán MJ, Köllmann N, Zhang L, Boom RM, Nikiforidis CV. Controlled oleosome extraction to produce a plant-based mayonnaise-like emulsion using solely rapeseed seeds. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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The effect of monovalent (Na +, K +) and divalent (Ca 2+, Mg 2+) cations on rapeseed oleosome (oil body) extraction and stability at pH 7. Food Chem 2020; 306:125578. [PMID: 31622835 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oleosomes are storage vehicles of TAGs in plant seeds. They are protected with a phospholipid-protein monolayer and extracted with alkaline aqueous media; however, pH adjustment intensifies the extraction process. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the extraction mechanism of rapeseed oleosomes at pH 7 and at the presence of monovalent and divalent cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca+2). The oleosome yield at pH 9.5 was 64 wt%, while the yield at pH 7 with H2O was just 43 wt.%. The presence of cations at pH 7, significantly enhanced the yield, with K+ giving the highest yield (64 wt.%). The cations affected the oleosome interface and their interactions. The presence of monovalent cations resulted in aggregation and minor coalescence, while divalent cations resulted in extensive coalescence. These results help to understand the interactions of oleosomes in their native matrix and design simple extraction processes at neutral conditions.
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22
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Nikiforidis CV. Structure and functions of oleosomes (oil bodies). Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 274:102039. [PMID: 31683192 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oleosomes are natural oil droplets, abundant in plants and more specifically in seeds, composing 20-50 wt% of their mass. The structure of oleosomes is the mechanism that seeds developed to safely store energy in the form of triacylglycerols and use it during germination. For this, the phospholipid/protein membrane that covers and protects the triacylglycerols has been wisely developed during evolution to grant them extreme stability against physical and chemical stresses. The remarkable property-performance relationships of oleosomes have generated a lot of interest to incorporate them in oil-in-water emulsions and take advantage of their sophisticated membrane. However, the structure-function relationship of the molecular components in the oleosome membrane is still not well understood and requires more attention in order to take complete advantage of their potential functions. The aim of this review is to give insights into the architecture of the oleosomes and to discuss the exploitation of their properties in advanced and broad applications, from carrying and protecting sensitive molecules to bio-catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos V Nikiforidis
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weillanden 9, P.O. Box 17, 6708WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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23
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Porteous G, Nesbitt M, Kendon JP, Prychid CJ, Stuppy W, Conejero M, Ballesteros D. Assessing Extreme Seed Longevity: The Value of Historic Botanical Collections to Modern Research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1181. [PMID: 31681348 PMCID: PMC6802001 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Botanical, historical, and archaeological collections have been the source of extraordinarily long-lived seeds, which have been used to revive extinct genotypes or species. The longest-lived example of a viable seed of known age is the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L., of which an estimated 2000-year-old seed was germinated in 2005. Seed longevity is important for agriculture and biodiversity conservation, and understanding the basis for the extraordinary longevity of seeds from botanical collections could help improve seed banking technology. In this work, we studied the viability and structural features of date palm seeds collected in Baghdad in 1873 and stored in the Economic Botany Collection (EBC) at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and seeds collected in 2004 and stored dry at -20°C in the Millennium Seed Bank (MSB). Viability was studied by attempted seed germination and in vitro culture of embryos, and structural features were studied by X-rays, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. We found that the seeds preserved in the MSB did not decrease in viability, with ultrastructural features similar to those in freshly harvested seeds. In contrast, the 144-year-old seeds were dead, and large ultrastructural changes were observed, particularly in the storage lipids (size, distribution, and melting properties) and other storage constituents. These results contrast with previous reports that date seeds could remain viable for ∼2000 years in uncontrolled storage environments. We did not find that the postharvest treatment of the EBC seeds in the 19th century, or their storage conditions at Kew, was more deleterious than that which was likely encountered by the ∼2000-year-old seeds. These results highlight the role of well-documented collections in establishing whether reports of extraordinary longevity are ordinarily repeatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Porteous
- Science Directorate, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, United Kingdom
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Nesbitt
- Science Directorate, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Stuppy
- Science Directorate, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, United Kingdom
- Botanic Garden, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maria Conejero
- Science Directorate, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, United Kingdom
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Molecular Distillation-Induced Deacidification of Soybean Oil Isolated by Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Extraction: Effect of Distillation Parameters. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Soybean oil isolated by enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction (EAE) was subjected to molecular distillation-induced deacidification, and the effects of evaporator temperature, scraper speed, and feed flow rate on oil quality (acid value, color, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, tocopherol content, and fatty acid content) were evaluated to determine the suitable deacidification conditions. Fatty acid content was largely unaffected by evaporator temperature and scraper speed, while an increase of these parameters decreased tocopherol content as well as acid, peroxide, and p-anisidine values and resulted in Lovibond color deepening. The increase of feed flow rate had an opposite effect on the above quality indices. As a result, molecular distillation of EAE-produced soybean oil under suitable conditions (evaporator temperature = 180 °C, scraper speed = 220 rpm, feed flow rate = 4 mL/min) was found to afford a high-quality deacidified product in an environmentally friendly way.
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Ozias‐Akins P, Breiteneder H. The functional biology of peanut allergens and possible links to their allergenicity. Allergy 2019; 74:888-898. [PMID: 30636003 PMCID: PMC6563476 DOI: 10.1111/all.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peanut is one of the most common food triggers of fatal anaphylaxis worldwide although peanut allergy affects only 1%-2% of the general population. Peanuts are the source of highly potent allergenic proteins. It is emerging that the allergenicity of certain proteins is linked to their biological function. Peanut is an unusual crop in that it flowers aboveground but produces its seed-containing pods underground. This so-called geocarpic fruiting habit exposes pods and seeds during their development to soilborne pathogens and pests. Pest damage can also open routes of entry for opportunistic fungi such as Aspergillus. Although seed proteins have primary functions in nutrient reservoirs, lipid storage bodies, or the cytoskeleton, they have also evolved to act as part of the plant's defense system to enhance fitness and survival of the species. When interacting with pathogens or pests, these proteins modify and damage cells' membranes, interact with immune receptors, and modulate signaling pathways. Moreover, following exposure, the immune system of predisposed individuals reacts to these proteins with the production of specific IgE. This review explores the evolutionary biology of peanut and its seed proteins and highlights possible links between the proteins' biological function and their allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Ozias‐Akins
- Genetic & Genomics and Department of Horticulture Institute of Plant Breeding University of Georgia Tifton Georgia
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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26
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Bojórquez-Velázquez E, Barrera-Pacheco A, Espitia-Rangel E, Herrera-Estrella A, Barba de la Rosa AP. Protein analysis reveals differential accumulation of late embryogenesis abundant and storage proteins in seeds of wild and cultivated amaranth species. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:59. [PMID: 30727945 PMCID: PMC6366027 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amaranth is a plant naturally resistant to various types of stresses that produces seeds of excellent nutritional quality, so amaranth is a promising system for food production. Amaranth wild relatives have survived climate changes and grow under harsh conditions, however no studies about morphological and molecular characteristics of their seeds are known. Therefore, we carried out a detailed morphological and molecular characterization of wild species A. powellii and A. hybridus, and compared them with the cultivated amaranth species A. hypochondriacus (waxy and non-waxy seeds) and A. cruentus. RESULTS Seed proteins were fractionated according to their polarity properties and were analysed in one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1-DE) followed by nano-liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). A total of 34 differentially accumulated protein bands were detected and 105 proteins were successfully identified. Late embryogenesis abundant proteins were detected as species-specific. Oleosins and oil bodies associated proteins were observed preferentially in A. cruentus. Different isoforms of the granule-bound starch synthase I, and several paralogs of 7S and 11S globulins were also identified. The in silico structural analysis from different isoforms of 11S globulins was carried out, including new types of 11S globulin not reported so far. CONCLUSIONS The results provide novel information about 11S globulins and proteins related in seed protection, which could play important roles in the nutritional value and adaptive tolerance to stress in amaranth species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esaú Bojórquez-Velázquez
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C, 78216 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Alberto Barrera-Pacheco
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C, 78216 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Espitia-Rangel
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, 56250 Texcoco, Estado de México Mexico
| | - Alfredo Herrera-Estrella
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, 36821 Guanajuato, Mexico
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27
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Lauric Acid-Modified Nitraria Seed Meal Composite as Green Carrier Material for Pesticide Controlled Release. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/5376452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To alleviate the adverse effects of pesticide residues on the environment, development of a more safe, economical, and reliable usage approach of pesticides is critically urgent. In the present study, a novel pesticide carrier LA-NSM (lauric acid-modified Nitraria seed meal) with controlled release property was prepared through grafting esterification of lauric acid onto Nitraria seed meal substrates. The structure of the obtained samples was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle measurements. The results indicated that LA-NSM products had a well-defined hydrophobic surface and irregular holes for efficient loading of pesticide molecules. Deltamethrin (DEL), a representative insoluble pyrethroid insecticide in water, was deliberately selected as the index pesticide to evaluate the loading and releasing efficiency of LA-NSM. The loading capacity of LA-NSM for DEL can reach about 1068 mg/g. pH, humidity of soil, and temperature had a significant influence on controlled release performance of LA-NSM@DEL. Moreover, the releasing kinetics of LA-NSM@DEL composites could be fitted well with the Higuchi model. Overall, the highly hydrophobic property, excellent loading, and controlled release ability of LA-NSM made it a promising candidate in agricultural applications.
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28
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Zielbauer BI, Jackson AJ, Maurer S, Waschatko G, Ghebremedhin M, Rogers SE, Heenan RK, Porcar L, Vilgis TA. Soybean oleosomes studied by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 529:197-204. [PMID: 29894938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Oleosomes are stabilized by a complex outer phospholipid-protein-layer. To improve understanding of its structure and stabilization mechanism, this shell has to be studied in extracellular native conditions. This should be possible by SANS using contrast variation. Oleosomes are expected to be highly temperature stable, with molecular changes occurring first in the protein shell. Direct measurements of changes in the shell structure are also important for processing methods, e.g. encapsulation. EXPERIMENTS Extracted soybean oleosomes were studied directly and after encapsulation with pectin by SANS using contrast variation. In order to determine structure and size, a shell model of oleosomes was developed. The method was tested against a simple phospholipid-stabilized emulsion. The oleosomes' temperature stability was investigated by performing SANS at elevated temperatures. FINDINGS Size (Rg = 1380 Å) and shell thickness of native and encapsulated oleosomes have been determined. This is the first report measuring the shell thickness of oleosomes directly. For native oleosomes, a shell of 9 nm thickness surrounds the oil core, corresponding to a layer of phospholipids and proteins. Up to 90 °C, no structural change was observed, confirming the oleosomes' high temperature stability. Successful coavervation of oleosomes was shown by an increase in shell thickness of 10 nm after electrostatic deposition of pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta I Zielbauer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andrew J Jackson
- European Spallation Source, Box 176, Lund 221 00, Sweden; Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund 221 00, Sweden.
| | - Sania Maurer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Gustav Waschatko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Marta Ghebremedhin
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sarah E Rogers
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard K Heenan
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Thomas A Vilgis
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Lu Y, Chi M, Li L, Li H, Noman M, Yang Y, Ji K, Lan X, Qiang W, Du L, Li H, Yang J. Genome-Wide Identification, Expression Profiling, and Functional Validation of Oleosin Gene Family in Carthamus tinctorius L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1393. [PMID: 30405647 PMCID: PMC6201191 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Carthamus tinctorius L., commonly known as safflower, is an important oilseed crop containing oil bodies. Oil bodies are intracellular organelles in plant cells for storing triacylglycerols (TAGs) and sterol esters. Oleosins are the most important surface proteins of the oil bodies. We predicted and retrieved the sequences of eight putative C. tinctorius oleosin (Ctoleosin) genes from the genome database of safflower. The bioinformatics analyses revealed the size of their open reading frames ranging from 414 to 675 bp, encoding 137 to 224 aa polypeptides with predicted molecular weights of 14.812 to 22.155 kDa, all containing the typical "proline knot" motif. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) determined the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Ctoleosin genes, which gradually increased and peaked during flowering and seed ripening, and decreased thereafter. To validate their role in plant development, we transformed and overexpressed these eight putative Ctoleosin genes in Arabidopsis. Overexpressing Ctoleosins did not affect leaf size, although silique length was altered. Arabidopsis transformed with Ctoleosin3, 4, and 5 grew longer siliques than did the wild-type plants, without altering seed quantity. The 100-grain weight of the transgenic Arabidopsis seeds was slightly more than that of the wild-type seeds. The seed germination rates of the plants overexpressing Ctoleosin4 and 6 were slightly lower as compared with that of the wild-type Arabidopsis, whereas that in the other transgenic lines were higher than that in the wild-type plants. The overexpression of Ctoleosin genes elevated the oil content in the seeds of transgenic Arabidopsis. Our findings not only provide an approach for increasing the oil content, but also for elucidating the intricate mechanisms of oil body synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haiyan Li
- *Correspondence: Jing Yang, Haiyan Li,
| | - Jing Yang
- *Correspondence: Jing Yang, Haiyan Li,
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MEENA RK, PULLAIAHGARI D, GUDIPALLI P. Proteomic analysis of heterotic seed germination in maize using F1 hybrid DHM 117 and its parental inbreds. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:345-363. [PMID: 30814898 PMCID: PMC6392162 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1803-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in comparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of dry and 24-h water-imbibed seeds of maize F1 hybrid DHM 117 (BML 6 × BML 7) and its parental inbreds. Of the DEPs, 53.4% (86/161) in dry seeds and 58% (127/219) in water-imbibed seeds exhibited a nonadditive pattern in the F1 hybrid as compared to parental inbreds. A total of 30 DEPs were categorized into different biological processes, most of which were related to metabolism and energy (34%), followed by storage proteins (27%), stress response (23%), transcription and translation (7%), cell cycle (3%), and hormone biosynthesis (3%). The transcript accumulation pattern of 8 selected genes corresponding to DEPs was examined using qRTPCR. Interestingly, LEA protein Rab28 showed higher accumulation in dry seeds at both protein and transcript levels, whereas indole3-acetaldehyde oxidase showed lower accumulation in water-imbibed seeds of the F1 hybrid than the female parent at the protein level. Thus, the DEPs particularly involved in metabolic and energy processes, as well as hormone biosynthesis in the F 1 hybrid, might be responsible for heterotic seed germination in the F1 hybrid. The DEPs identified in this study provide a scope for improving the seed germination trait of agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar MEENA
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad
,
Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana
,
India
| | - Durgeshwar PULLAIAHGARI
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad
,
Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana
,
India
| | - Padmaja GUDIPALLI
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad
,
Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana
,
India
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31
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Xu S, Zhang X, Liu P. Lipid droplet proteins and metabolic diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1968-1983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fortier-McGill BE, Dutta Majumdar R, Lam L, Soong R, Liaghati-Mobarhan Y, Sutrisno A, de Visser R, Simpson MJ, Wheeler HL, Campbell M, Gorissen A, Simpson AJ. Comprehensive Multiphase (CMP) NMR Monitoring of the Structural Changes and Molecular Flux Within a Growing Seed. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6779-6788. [PMID: 28727919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A relatively recent technique termed comprehensive multiphase (CMP) NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the growth and associated metabolomic changes of 13C-labeled wheat seeds and germinated seedlings. CMP-NMR enables the study of all phases in intact samples (i.e., liquid, gel-like, semisolid, and solid), by combining all required electronics into a single NMR probe, and can be used for investigating biological processes such as seed germination. All components, from the most liquid-like (i.e., dissolved metabolites) to the most rigid or solid-like (seed coat) were monitored in situ over 4 days. A wide range of metabolites were identified, and after 96 h of germination, the number of metabolites in the mobile phase more than doubled in comparison to 0 h (dry seed). This work represents the first application of CMP-NMR to follow biological processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blythe E Fortier-McGill
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
| | - Rudraksha Dutta Majumdar
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
| | - Leayen Lam
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M5S 3H6
| | - Ronald Soong
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M5S 3H6
| | - Yalda Liaghati-Mobarhan
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M5S 3H6
| | - Andre Sutrisno
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M5S 3H6
| | - Ries de Visser
- IsoLife BV , Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M5S 3H6
| | - Heather L Wheeler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
- Department of Cell Systems and Biology, University of Toronto , 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M5S 3B2
| | - Malcolm Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
- Department of Cell Systems and Biology, University of Toronto , 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M5S 3B2
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario Canada , N1G 2W1
| | - Antonie Gorissen
- IsoLife BV , Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - André J Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M5S 3H6
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Corrales CV, Lebrun M, Vaillant F, Madec MN, Lortal S, Pérez AM, Fliedel G. Key odor and physicochemical characteristics of raw and roasted jicaro seeds ( Crescentia alata K.H.B.). Food Res Int 2017; 96:113-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yang L, Bai B, Ding C, Wang H, Suo Y. Synthesis and properties of the rapeseed meal-grafted-poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate) oil-absorbents. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24683k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Economical RSMs-g-P(MMA-co-BA) oil-absorbents with 3D network structures were prepared through free radical graft copolymerization, which exhibited good oil absorbency, reusability and were applied to oil/water separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Chang'an University
- Xi'an
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Bai
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xining
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xining
- People's Republic of China
| | - Honglun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xining
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yourui Suo
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xining
- People's Republic of China
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35
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Vilgis TA. Soft matter food physics--the physics of food and cooking. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2015; 78:124602. [PMID: 26534781 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/78/12/124602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the (soft matter) physics of food. Although food is generally not considered as a typical model system for fundamental (soft matter) physics, a number of basic principles can be found in the interplay between the basic components of foods, water, oil/fat, proteins and carbohydrates. The review starts with the introduction and behavior of food-relevant molecules and discusses food-relevant properties and applications from their fundamental (multiscale) behavior. Typical food aspects from 'hard matter systems', such as chocolates or crystalline fats, to 'soft matter' in emulsions, dough, pasta and meat are covered and can be explained on a molecular basis. An important conclusion is the point that the macroscopic properties and the perception are defined by the molecular interplay on all length and time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Vilgis
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55129 Mainz, Germany
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36
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Sekova VY, Isakova EP, Deryabina YI. Biotechnological applications of the extremophilic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815030151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Song W, Qin Y, Zhu Y, Yin G, Wu N, Li Y, Hu Y. Delineation of plant caleosin residues critical for functional divergence, positive selection and coevolution. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:124. [PMID: 24913827 PMCID: PMC4057654 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The caleosin genes encode proteins with a single conserved EF hand calcium-binding domain and comprise small gene families found in a wide range of plant species. These proteins may be involved in many cellular and biological processes coupled closely to the synthesis, degradation, or stability of oil bodies. Although previous studies of this protein family have been reported for Arabidopsis and other species, understanding of the evolution of the caleosin gene family in plants remains inadequate. Results In this study, comparative genomic analysis was performed to investigate the phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary history, functional divergence, positive selection, and coevolution of caleosins. First, 84 caleosin genes were identified from five main lineages that included 15 species. Phylogenetic analysis placed these caleosins into five distinct subfamilies (sub I–V), including two subfamilies that have not been previously identified. Among these subfamilies, sub II coincided with the distinct P-caleosin isoform recently identified in the pollen oil bodies of lily; caleosin genes from the same lineage tended to be clustered together in the phylogenetic tree. A special motif was determined to be related with the classification of caleosins, which may have resulted from a deletion in sub I and sub III occurring after the evolutionary divergence of monocot and dicot species. Additionally, several segmentally and tandem-duplicated gene pairs were identified from seven species, and further analysis revealed that caleosins of different species did not share a common expansion model. The ages of each pair of duplications were calculated, and most were consistent with the time of genome-wide duplication events in each species. Functional divergence analysis showed that changes in functional constraints have occurred between subfamilies I/IV, II/IV, and II/V, and some critical amino acid sites were identified during the functional divergence. Additional analyses revealed that caleosins were under positive selection during evolution, and seven candidate amino acid sites (70R, 74G, 88 L, 89G, 100 K, 106A, 107S) for positive selection were identified. Interestingly, the critical amino acid residues of functional divergence and positive selection were mainly located in C-terminal domain. Finally, three groups of coevolved amino acid sites were identified. Among these coevolved sites, seven from group 2 were located in the Ca2+-binding region of crucial importance. Conclusion In this study, the evolutionary and expansion patterns of the caleosin gene family were predicted, and a series of amino acid sites relevant to their functional divergence, adaptive evolution, and coevolution were identified. These findings provide data to facilitate further functional analysis of caleosin gene families in the plant lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yingkao Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Jin H, Nikolau BJ. Evaluating PHA productivity of bioengineered Rhodosprillum rubrum. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96621. [PMID: 24840941 PMCID: PMC4026134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the potential of using Rhodosprillum rubrum as the biological vehicle to convert chemically simple carbon precursors to a value-added bio-based product, the biopolymer PHA. R. rubrum strains were bioengineered to overexpress individually or in various combinations, six PHA biosynthetic genes (phaC1, phaA, phaB, phaC2, phaC3, and phaJ), and the resulting nine over-expressing strains were evaluated to assess the effect on PHA content, and the effect on growth. These experiments were designed to genetically evaluate: 1) the role of each apparently redundant PHA polymerase in determining PHA productivity; 2) identify the key gene(s) within the pha biosynthetic operon that determines PHA productivity; and 3) the role of phaJ to support PHA productivity. The result of overexpressing each PHA polymerase-encoding gene indicates that phaC1 and phaC2 are significant contributors to PHA productivity, whereas phaC3 has little effect. Similarly, over-expressing individually or in combination the three PHA biosynthesis genes located in the pha operon indicates that phaB is the key determinant of PHA productivity. Finally, analogous experiments indicate that phaJ does not contribute significantly to PHA productivity. These bioengineering strains achieved PHA productivity of up to 30% of dry biomass, which is approximately 2.5-fold higher than the non-engineered control strain, indicating the feasibility of using this approach to produce value added bio-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Basil J. Nikolau
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Davidi L, Shimoni E, Khozin-Goldberg I, Zamir A, Pick U. Origin of β-carotene-rich plastoglobuli in Dunaliella bardawil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:2139-56. [PMID: 24567188 PMCID: PMC3982768 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.235119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The halotolerant microalgae Dunaliella bardawil accumulates under nitrogen deprivation two types of lipid droplets: plastoglobuli rich in β-carotene (βC-plastoglobuli) and cytoplasmatic lipid droplets (CLDs). We describe the isolation, composition, and origin of these lipid droplets. Plastoglobuli contain β-carotene, phytoene, and galactolipids missing in CLDs. The two preparations contain different lipid-associated proteins: major lipid droplet protein in CLD and the Prorich carotene globule protein in βC-plastoglobuli. The compositions of triglyceride (TAG) molecular species, total fatty acids, and sn-1+3 and sn-2 positions in the two lipid pools are similar, except for a small increase in palmitic acid in plastoglobuli, suggesting a common origin. The formation of CLD TAG precedes that of βC-plastoglobuli, reaching a maximum after 48 h of nitrogen deprivation and then decreasing. Palmitic acid incorporation kinetics indicated that, at early stages of nitrogen deprivation, CLD TAG is synthesized mostly from newly formed fatty acids, whereas in βC-plastoglobuli, a large part of TAG is produced from fatty acids of preformed membrane lipids. Electron microscopic analyses revealed that CLDs adhere to chloroplast envelope membranes concomitant with appearance of small βC-plastoglobuli within the chloroplast. Based on these results, we propose that CLDs in D. bardawil are produced in the endoplasmatic reticulum, whereas βC-plastoglobuli are made, in part, from hydrolysis of chloroplast membrane lipids and in part, by a continual transfer of TAG or fatty acids derived from CLD.
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40
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López-Ribera I, La Paz JL, Repiso C, García N, Miquel M, Hernández ML, Martínez-Rivas JM, Vicient CM. The evolutionary conserved oil body associated protein OBAP1 participates in the regulation of oil body size. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1237-49. [PMID: 24406791 PMCID: PMC3938616 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.233221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A transcriptomic approach has been used to identify genes predominantly expressed in maize (Zea mays) scutellum during maturation. One of the identified genes is oil body associated protein1 (obap1), which is transcribed during seed maturation predominantly in the scutellum, and its expression decreases rapidly after germination. Proteins similar to OBAP1 are present in all plants, including primitive plants and mosses, and in some fungi and bacteria. In plants, obap genes are divided in two subfamilies. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains five genes coding for OBAP proteins. Arabidopsis OBAP1a protein is accumulated during seed maturation and disappears after germination. Agroinfiltration of tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) epidermal leaf cells with fusions of OBAP1 to yellow fluorescent protein and immunogold labeling of embryo transmission electron microscopy sections showed that OBAP1 protein is mainly localized in the surface of the oil bodies. OBAP1 protein was detected in the oil body cellular fraction of Arabidopsis embryos. Deletion analyses demonstrate that the most hydrophilic part of the protein is responsible for the oil body localization, which suggests an indirect interaction of OBAP1 with other proteins in the oil body surface. An Arabidopsis mutant with a transfer DNA inserted in the second exon of the obap1a gene and an RNA interference line against the same gene showed a decrease in the germination rate, a decrease in seed oil content, and changes in fatty acid composition, and their embryos have few, big, and irregular oil bodies compared with the wild type. Taken together, our findings suggest that OBAP1 protein is involved in the stability of oil bodies.
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Maurer S, Waschatko G, Schach D, Zielbauer BI, Dahl J, Weidner T, Bonn M, Vilgis TA. The role of intact oleosin for stabilization and function of oleosomes. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:13872-83. [PMID: 24088014 DOI: 10.1021/jp403893n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipid storage in plants is achieved among all plant species by formation of oleosomes, enclosing oil (triacylglycerides) in small subcellular droplets. Seeds are rich in this pre-emulsified oil to provide a sufficient energy reservoir for growing. The triacylglyceride core of the oleosomes is surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer containing densely packed proteins called oleosins. They are anchored in the triacylglycerides core with a hydrophobic domain, while the hydrophilic termini remain on the surface. These specialized proteins are expressed during seed development and maturation. Particularly, they play a major role in the stabilization and function of oleosomes. To better understand the importance of oleosins for oleosome stabilization, enzymatic digestion of oleosins was performed. This made it possible to compare and correlate changes in the molecular structure of oleosins and changing macroscopic properties of oleosomes. Tryptic digestion cleaves the hydrophilic part of the oleosins, which is accompanied by a loss of secondary structures as evidenced by Fourier-transform infrared and sum frequency generation spectra. After digestion, the ability of oleosins to stabilize oil-water or air-water interfaces was lost. The surface charge and the associated aggregation behavior of oleosomes are governed by interactions typical of proteins before digestion and by interactions typical of phospholipids after digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Maurer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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42
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Wijesundera C, Boiteau T, Xu X, Shen Z, Watkins P, Logan A. Stabilization of Fish Oil-in-Water Emulsions with Oleosin Extracted from Canola Meal. J Food Sci 2013; 78:C1340-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chakra Wijesundera
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences; 671 Sneydes Rd.; Werribee; Victoria 3030; Australia
| | - Thomas Boiteau
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences; 671 Sneydes Rd.; Werribee; Victoria 3030; Australia
| | - Xinqing Xu
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences; 671 Sneydes Rd.; Werribee; Victoria 3030; Australia
| | - Zhiping Shen
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences; 671 Sneydes Rd.; Werribee; Victoria 3030; Australia
| | - Peter Watkins
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences; 671 Sneydes Rd.; Werribee; Victoria 3030; Australia
| | - Amy Logan
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences; 671 Sneydes Rd.; Werribee; Victoria 3030; Australia
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Jiao X, Zhao X, Zhou XR, Green AG, Fan Y, Wang L, Singh SP, Liu Q. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of developing cotton cotyledons and embryo axis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71756. [PMID: 23977137 PMCID: PMC3748104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a by product of higher value cotton fibre, cotton seed has been increasingly recognised to have excellent potential as a source of additional food, feed, biofuel stock and even a renewable platform for the production of many diverse biological molecules for agriculture and industrial enterprises. The large size difference between cotyledon and embryo axis that make up a cotton seed results in the under-representation of embryo axis gene transcript levels in whole seed embryo samples. Therefore, the determination of gene transcript levels in the cotyledons and embryo axes separately should lead to a better understanding of metabolism in these two developmentally diverse tissues. Results A comparative study of transcriptome changes between cotton developing cotyledon and embryo axis has been carried out. 17,384 unigenes (20.74% of all the unigenes) were differentially expressed in the two adjacent embryo tissues, and among them, 7,727 unigenes (44.45%) were down-regulated and 9,657 unigenes (55.55%) were up-regulated in cotyledon. Conclusions Our study has provided a comprehensive dataset that documents the dynamics of the transcriptome at the mid-maturity of cotton seed development and in discrete seed tissues, including embryo axis and cotyledon tissues. The results showed that cotton seed is subject to many transcriptome variations in these two tissue types and the differential gene expression between cotton embryo axis and cotyledon uncovered in our study should provide an important starting point for understanding how gene activity is coordinated during seed development to make a seed. Further, the identification of genes involved in rapid metabolite accumulation stage of seed development will extend our understanding of the complex molecular and cellular events in these developmental processes and provide a foundation for future studies on the metabolism, embryo differentiation of cotton and other dicot oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Jiao
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia
- Biotechnology Research Institute/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhao
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia
| | - Allan G. Green
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yunliu Fan
- Biotechnology Research Institute/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LW); (QL)
| | - Surinder P. Singh
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia
| | - Qing Liu
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia
- * E-mail: (LW); (QL)
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Nojima D, Yoshino T, Maeda Y, Tanaka M, Nemoto M, Tanaka T. Proteomics analysis of oil body-associated proteins in the oleaginous diatom. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:5293-301. [PMID: 23879348 DOI: 10.1021/pr4004085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
For biodiesel production from microalgae, it is desirable to understand the entire triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism. TAG accumulation occurs in oil bodies, and although oil body-associated proteins could play important roles in TAG metabolism, only a few microalgal species have been studied by a comprehensive analysis. Diatoms are microalgae that are promising producers of biodiesel, on which such proteomics analysis has not been conducted to date. Herein, we identified oil body-associated proteins in the oleaginous diatom Fistulifera sp. strain JPCC DA0580. The oil body fraction was separated by cell disruption with beads beating and subsequent ultracentrifugation. Contaminating factors could be removed by comparing proteins from the oil body and the soluble fractions. This novel strategy successfully revealed 15 proteins as oil body-associated protein candidates. Among them, two proteins, which were parts of proteins predicted to have transmembrane domains, were indeed confirmed to specifically localize to the oil bodies in this strain by observation of GFP fusion proteins. One (predicted to be a potassium channel) was also detected from the ER, suggesting that oil bodies might originate from the ER. By utilizing this novel subtraction method, we succeeded in identifying the oil body-associated proteins in the diatom for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nojima
- Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Hyun TK, Kumar D, Cho YY, Hyun HN, Kim JS. Computational identification and phylogenetic analysis of the oil-body structural proteins, oleosin and caleosin, in castor bean and flax. Gene 2013; 515:454-60. [PMID: 23232356 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oil bodies (OBs) are the intracellular particles derived from oilseeds. These OBs store lipids as a carbon resource, and have been exploited for a variety of industrial applications including biofuels. Oleosin and caleosin are the common OB structural proteins which are enabling biotechnological enhancement of oil content and OB-based pharmaceutical formations via stabilizing OBs. Although the draft whole genome sequence information for Ricinus communis L. (castor bean) and Linum usitatissimum L. (flax), important oil seed plants, is available in public database, OB-structural proteins in these plants are poorly indentified. Therefore, in this study, we performed a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis including analysis of the genome sequence, conserved domains and phylogenetic relationships to identify OB structural proteins in castor bean and flax genomes. Using comprehensive analysis, we have identified 6 and 15 OB-structural proteins from castor bean and flax, respectively. A complete overview of this gene family in castor bean and flax is presented, including the gene structures, phylogeny and conserved motifs, resulting in the presence of central hydrophobic regions with proline knot motif, providing an evolutionary proof that this central hydrophobic region had evolved from duplications in the primitive eukaryotes. In addition, expression analysis of L-oleosin and caleosin genes using quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that seed contained their maximum expression, except that RcCLO-1 expressed maximum in cotyledon. Thus, our comparative genomics analysis of oleosin and caleosin genes and their putatively encoded proteins in two non-model plant species provides insights into the prospective usage of gene resources for improving OB-stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyung Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Lin IP, Jiang PL, Chen CS, Tzen JTC. A unique caleosin serving as the major integral protein in oil bodies isolated from Chlorella sp. cells cultured with limited nitrogen. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 61:80-7. [PMID: 23085585 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of oil bodies was successfully induced in a microalga, Chlorella sp., cultured in a nitrogen-limited medium. The oil bodies were initially assembled as many small entities (mostly 0.1-1 μm), and lately found as a major irregular compartment (>3 μm) occupying more than half of the cell space. Approximately, two thirds of oil bodies isolated from Chlorella cells were broken and formed a transparent oil layer on top of the milky compact layer of the remaining stable oil bodies after being washed with 0.1% triton X-100. The stable oil bodies mainly comprised triacylglycerols as examined by thin layer chromatography analysis and confirmed by both Nile red and BODIPY stainings. Integrity of these stable oil bodies was maintained via electronegative repulsion and steric hindrance possibly provided by their surface proteins. Immunological cross-recognition revealed that a major protein of 29 kDa, tentatively identified as caleosin, was exclusively present in Chlorella oil bodies. Mass spectrometric analysis showed that the putative caleosin possessed a trypic fragment of 13 residues matching to that of a hypothetical caleosin in Picea sitchensis. With the aid of a degenerate primer designed according to the tryptic peptide, a complete cDNA fragment encoding this putative caleosin was obtained by PCR. Phylogenetic tree analysis supports that Chlorella caleosin is the most primitive caleosin found in oil bodies to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ping Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Abstract
Hydrophobic storage neutral lipids are stably preserved in specialized organelles termed oil bodies in the aqueous cytosolic compartment of plant cells via encapsulation with surfactant molecules including phospholipids and integral proteins. To date, three classes of integral proteins, termed oleosin, caleosin, and steroleosin, have been identified in oil bodies of angiosperm seeds. Proposed structures, targeting traffic routes, and biological functions of these three integral oil-body proteins were summarized and discussed. In the viewpoint of evolution, isoforms of oleosin and caleosin are found in oil bodies of pollens as well as those of more primitive species; moreover, caleosin- and steroleosin-like proteins are also present in other subcellular locations besides oil bodies. Technically, artificial oil bodies of structural stability similar to native ones were successfully constituted and seemed to serve as a useful tool for both basic research studies and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T. C. Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Nikiforidis CV, Biliaderis CG, Kiosseoglou V. Rheological characteristics and physicochemical stability of dressing-type emulsions made of oil bodies–egg yolk blends. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Tnani H, López I, Jouenne T, Vicient CM. Quantitative subproteomic analysis of germinating related changes in the scutellum oil bodies of Zea mays. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 191-192:1-7. [PMID: 22682559 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Oil bodies (OBs) were purified from the scutellum of mature maize embryos and from embryos 2 days after imbibition and their associated proteins were extracted and separated by 2-DE. Eighteen proteins were shown to be differentially accumulated, thirteen showed a higher accumulation in mature scutellum and five were highly accumulated in the germinating scutellum. Proteins were identified using LC-MS/MS. Besides previously known oil body protein oleosin, other proteins were identified in this study. Among accumulated proteins during imbibition are prohibitin 2, stress-inducible membrane pore protein Tim17 and manganese superoxide dismutase. Among the proteins whose amount decreases during imbibition are cupin 2, two different protein disulfide isomerases, a triosephosphate isomerase, a class IV heat shock protein, the embryonic protein DC-8, the 60S ribosomal protein P0, a nucleoside-diphosphate kinase, and a rubber elongation factor protein. Some of the identified proteins were previously located in organelles other than oil bodies, suggesting that OBs may interact with these organelles. We also suggest that OBs may act as transient storage depots for proteins that are temporally in excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tnani
- CRAG-Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics-CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Stabilization of soybean oil body emulsions using ι-carrageenan: Effects of salt, thermal treatment and freeze-thaw cycling. Food Hydrocoll 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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