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Bernáth G, Csorbai B, Nagy B, Csókás E, Molnár J, Bartucz T, Láng ZL, Gyurcsák M, Hegyi Á, Kobolák J, Griffitts JD, Ferincz Á, Urbányi B, Bokor Z. The investigation of post-thaw chilled storage and the applicability of large-scale cryopreservation in chub (Squalius cephalus) sperm. Cryobiology 2023; 113:104588. [PMID: 37813176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Chub (reophillic cyprinids) is one of the most sensitive bioindicator fish of environmental changes following anthropogenic activities. The improvement of different biotechnological procedures could help support its conservation and strengthen the natural populations. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different hormonal agents (carp pituitary extract and Ovopel™) on various motility parameters (pMOT-%, DAP-μm, VCL μm s-1, VSL-μm s-1, LIN-%, ALH-μm, BCF-Hz) of fresh and cryopreserved/thawed sperm (stored at 4 °C for 6 h). Additionally, we sought to develop a novel, large-scale cryopreservation method for chub sperm, assessing freezing methods (Styrofoam box and a controlled-rate freezer) and different containers (0.5, 5 mL straw and 4 mL cryotube) for sperm cryopreservation. The results of this study indicated no difference between the carp pituitary extract and Ovopel treated groups in either the fresh or frozen/thawed sperm (at 0, 3, 6, hour post thawing, P = 0.4351). In contrast, the quality of the thawed chub sperm was negatively affected after 3 h chilled storage in both hormonal treatments (P = 0.0036, P < 0.0001). When assessing the motility parameters of the sperm between the 5 mL straw and 4 mL cryotube groups cryopreserved in a Styrofoam Box, no difference was observed (P = 0.103). Additionally, sperm loaded in 4 mL cryotubes showed no difference in motility when cryopreserved with either the Styrofoam box or controlled-rate freezer methods (P = 0.109). A similar hatching rate was observed in sperm preserved using the Styrofoam box (35 ± 7 %) and controlled rate freezer (25 ± 9 %) methods (P = 0.300). In a second fertilization trial, hatching rate was similar between control (72 ± 19 %) and cryopreserved (4 mL cryotube and Styrofoam box, 61 ± 5 %) groups. (P = 0.257). Based on our findings and its standard features (less species specific, precise dose calculation), Ovopel can be a good candidate for the stimulation of spermiation in chub sperm prior to cryopreservation. Furthermore, our study presents a novel and applicable method for the large-scale cryopreservation of chub sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bernáth
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - B Csorbai
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - B Nagy
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - E Csókás
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - J Molnár
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - T Bartucz
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Z L Láng
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - M Gyurcsák
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Á Hegyi
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - J Kobolák
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - J D Griffitts
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute for Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Á Ferincz
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Institute for Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H- 2484, Agárd, Hungary
| | - B Urbányi
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Z Bokor
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
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Pan JM, Zhu KC, Liu J, Guo HY, Liu BS, Zhang N, Xian L, Sun JH, Zhang DC. Cryopreservation of black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) sperm. Theriogenology 2023; 210:182-191. [PMID: 37517303 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, biotechnology has had a significant impact on the aquaculture industry, particularly in the field of breeding. Molecular selection breeding has emerged as a novel approach to breeding. Reducing the cost of genetic information for individuals with desirable traits after breeding has become an important research direction. Cryopreservation technology allows bypassing time and space constraints in genetic breeding, simplifying broodstock management. This study presents a detailed cryopreservation method for black seabream sperm, evaluating extender type, glucose concentration, cryoprotectant type and concentration, sperm-dilution ratio, and cooling protocols. Sperm motility parameters were analyzed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) before and after two days of freezing. This involved using an RS solution with a glucose concentration of 15 g/L and adding a 5% final concentration of EG as the sperm cryoprotectant. After mixing the sperm and solution at a ratio of 1:2, we subjected it to 5 min fumigation at 5 cm above the liquid nitrogen surface before plunging it into the nitrogen. Sperm motility reached 85.46 ± 7.32% after two days. Various enzymatic activities showed changes over 20 days post-cryopreservation. This improved cryopreservation protocol for black seabream sperm is beneficial for genetic breeding and reproduction and provides reference for studying the cryodamage mechanisms of black seabream sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Min Pan
- College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 300384, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hua-Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, PR China
| | - Bao-Suo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Lin Xian
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jin-Hui Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Dian-Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Hernández-Rodríguez A, Sousa-Santos C, Gil F, Cabrita E, Guerreiro PM, Gallego V. Assessment of male reproductive traits in endangered leuciscids from the Iberian Peninsula: first attempts to store gametes both at short- and long-term. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023:10.1007/s10695-023-01195-4. [PMID: 37083967 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During the spring of 2022, several endangered leuciscid species (Anaecypris hispanica, Squalius aradensis, Anachondrostoma Occidentale, and Iberochondrostoma lusitanicum) were sampled both at the Vasco da Gama aquarium facilities and in some rivers of the Algarve region, Portugal. Sperm samples were extracted by gentle abdominal pressure and sperm motion parameters were assessed for the first time in four species, using a computerized analysis system. The results obtained showed that spermatozoa kinetic patterns were similar for all 4 species, with high motility and velocity values after the sperm activation time and with a marked decrease after 20. On the other hand, sperm longevity was highly variable between species, with short longevities (around 40 s) for A. hispanica and S. aradensis, and longer longevities (100-120 s) for A. occidentale and I. lusitanicum, which could indicate a latitudinal pattern in terms of sperm longevity. At the same time, morphometric analysis was carried out for the four target species, revealing that spermatozoa showed similar sizes and shapes to other external fertilizers belonging to Leuscididae, with small spherical heads, uniflagellate, and without acrosomes. In addition, a short-term gamete storage trail was performed by diluting sperm in 1:9 (sperm:extender) and storing them at 4ºC. Although the results obtained were uneven among the species studied, the dilution and extender used generated motilities above 40% up to day 4 of storage in S. aradensis and I. lusitanicum, and up to days 1-2 in A. hispanica and A. occidentale, respectively. Finally, gamete cryopreservation trials were also carried out on these threatened species. Although cryopreserved samples showed significantly lower motility than fresh samples, some protocols generate acceptable percentages of viability, DNA integrity, and sperm motility in some species such as I. lusitanicum and A. occidentale. The data revealed that the protocol based on 10% DMSO plus 7.5% egg yolk generated the best results.This study is the first to assess the reproductive traits of wild and captive populations of endangered leuciscids endemic from the Iberian Peninsula, describing the spermatozoa kinetics and developing protocols for managing male gametes both in short- and long-term storage. Outcomes will provide new and useful tools to complement the management and conservation of ex situ breeding programs that are being developed for these four endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fátima Gil
- Aquário Vasco da Gama, Marinha Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Guerreiro
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Victor Gallego
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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Diogo P, Martins G, Simão M, Marreiros A, Eufrásio AC, Cabrita E, Gavaia PJ. Type I Diabetes in Zebrafish Reduces Sperm Quality and Increases Insulin and Glucose Transporter Transcripts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087035. [PMID: 37108202 PMCID: PMC10138585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I diabetes is a prominent human pathology with increasing incidence in the population; however, its cause is still unknown. This disease promotes detrimental effects on reproduction, such as lower sperm motility and DNA integrity. Hence, the investigation of the underlying mechanisms of this metabolic disturbance in reproduction and its transgenerational consequences is of the utmost importance. The zebrafish is a useful model for this research considering its high homology with human genes as well as its fast generation and regeneration abilities. Therefore, we aimed to investigate sperm quality and genes relevant to diabetes in the spermatozoa of Tg(ins:nfsb-mCherry) zebrafish, a model for type I diabetes. Diabetic Tg(ins:nfsb-mCherry) males showed significantly higher expression of transcripts for insulin a (insa) and glucose transporter (slc2a2) compared to controls. Sperm obtained from the same treatment group showed significantly lower sperm motility, plasma membrane viability, and DNA integrity compared to that from the control group. Upon sperm cryopreservation, sperm freezability was reduced, which could be a consequence of poor initial sperm quality. Altogether, the data showed similar detrimental effects related to type I diabetes in zebrafish spermatozoa at the cellular and molecular levels. Therefore, our study validates the zebrafish model for type I diabetes research in germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Diogo
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Necton-Companhia Portuguesa de Culturas Marinhas S.A, Belamandil s/n, 8700-152 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Gil Martins
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Márcio Simão
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Marreiros
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Eufrásio
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Jorge Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Damage to Sorubim cuspicaudus Sperm Cryopreserved with Ethylene Glycol. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020235. [PMID: 36670775 PMCID: PMC9854978 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate cryo-injury during the cryopreservation in Sorubim cuspicaudus sperm with ethylene glycol (EG) at different rates (6, 8, 10%). Fresh, prefrozen, and post-thawed sperm quality as motility total, velocities, mitochondria damage (Mit-d), membrane damage (Mem-d), and DNA fragmentation (DNA-f), were examined. The Mit-d, Mem-d, and DNA-f were evaluated through flow cytometry. High motility (>95%) and a low percentage of Mem-d (1.0 ± 0.5%), Mit-d (1.4 ± 0.9%), and DNA-f (2.4 ± 0.8%) were recorded for fresh semen. Prefrozen semen increases in Mit-d and DNA-f were observed compared to fresh semen (p < 0.05). In thawed semen, increased Mit-d (2.6 to 3-fold), Mem-d (6 to 1-fold), and DNA-f (3.3 to 6.6-fold) compared to prefrozen was observed. Thawed semen showed Mit-d (34 to 37-fold), Mem-d (24.5 to 26.6-fold) and DNA-f (13 to 18.5-fold) increased high. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that mitochondria, membrane, and DNA integrity undergo significant damage during both pre-freezing and freezing/thawing with EG inclusion percentages from 6 to 10% that affect its fertilizing capacity, which is reduced to half of that obtained with fresh semen. It is suggested that a cryoprotective solution composed of 6% EG, 6% glucose, and 5% skimmed milk powder is a useful protocol for the cryopreservation of S. cuspicaudus semen.
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Alevra AI, Exadactylos A, Mente E, Papadopoulos S. The Protective Role of Melatonin in Sperm Cryopreservation of Farm Animals and Human: Lessons for Male Fish Cryopreservation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060791. [PMID: 35327189 PMCID: PMC8944624 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, cryopreservation of fish sperm has been a rapidly evolving technique that contributes both to the improvement of genetic reproduction programs and the proper management of broodstock as well as to ensuring the viability of endangered species. However, this technique can cause significant damage to sperm, making the use of cryoprotectants and antioxidants in cryopreservation solutions imperative. The hormone melatonin has demonstrated positive effects on the cryopreservation of sperm in both farm animals and humans. Therefore, the plethora of research that has been conducted on animals and humans could be expanded to fish cryopreservation, making melatonin potentially a very promising alternative cryoprotectant. Abstract Cryopreservation is a technique that offers various advantages, especially in fish, among others, that makes the reproduction of species easier through a constant supply of sperm, synchronization of the gamete availability of both sexes, storage of semen for genetic improvement programs, reduction in the cost by eliminating the need to maintain male broodstock, and conserving the gametes of endangered species. However, freezing and warming procedures for cryopreservation lead to a reduction in the quality and viability of cryopreserved sperm because of oxidative stress. For this reason, the enrichment of extender media with antioxidants is a common method of cryopreservation of the semen of several fish species. Recently, many studies have been published for the protective role of antioxidants and especially of melatonin on male fertility preservation both in farm animals and humans, demonstrating the beneficial effects of melatonin as a sperm cryoprotectant. On the other hand, very few studies were conducted using melatonin as an antioxidant in different male fish species for semen cryopreservation. We conclude that the use of moderate concentrations of melatonin are beneficial to semen preservation, and the mechanisms through which melatonin acts positively on spermatozoa need to be further investigated to establish improvement protocols for cryopreservation in fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I. Alevra
- Hydrobiology-Ichthyology Laboratory, Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Str., 38446 Volos, Greece;
- Correspondence: (A.I.A.); (S.P.); Tel.: +30-241-093-139 (S.P.)
| | - Athanasios Exadactylos
- Hydrobiology-Ichthyology Laboratory, Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Str., 38446 Volos, Greece;
| | - Eleni Mente
- Laboratory of Ichthyology-Culture and Pathology of Aquatic Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Serafeim Papadopoulos
- Hydrobiology-Ichthyology Laboratory, Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Str., 38446 Volos, Greece;
- Correspondence: (A.I.A.); (S.P.); Tel.: +30-241-093-139 (S.P.)
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Ferosekhan S, Turkmen S, Pérez-García C, Xu H, Gómez A, Shamna N, Afonso JM, Rosenlund G, Fontanillas R, Gracia A, Izquierdo M, Kaushik S. Influence of Genetic Selection for Growth and Broodstock Diet n-3 LC-PUFA Levels on Reproductive Performance of Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020519. [PMID: 33671379 PMCID: PMC7922623 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gilthead seabream (GSB) broodstock were genetically selected based on their growth trait either high growth (HG) or low growth (LG) to evaluate the reproductive performance of these both traits under either fish oil (FO) or vegetable oil (VO) based diets feeding regime. The egg and larval quality were significantly improved by the broodstock selected for HG trait fed under FO based diet. This indicates that broodstock selected with HG trait has positive influence on the improving sperm, egg and larval quality in gilthead seabream. Abstract Genetic selection in gilthead seabream (GSB), Sparus aurata, has been undertaken to improve the growth, feed efficiency, fillet quality, skeletal deformities and disease resistance, but no study is available to delineate the effect of genetic selection for growth trait on GSB reproductive performance under mass spawning condition. In this study, high growth (HG) or low growth (LG) GSB broodstock were selected to evaluate the sex steroid hormones, sperm, egg quality and reproductive performance under different feeding regime of commercial diet or experimental broodstock diet containing either fish oil (FO) or vegetable oil (VO) based diet. Under commercial diet feeding phase, broodstock selected for either high growth or low growth did not show any significant changes in the egg production per kg female whereas egg viability percentage was positively (p = 0.014) improved by the high growth trait broodstock group. The experimental diet feeding results revealed that both growth trait and dietary fatty acid composition influenced the reproductive performance of GSB broodstock. In the experimental diet feeding phase, we observed high growth trait GSB males produced a higher number of sperm cells (p < 0.001) and also showed a higher sperm motility (p = 0.048) percentage. The viable egg and larval production per spawn per kg female were significantly improved by the broodstock selected for high growth trait and fed with fish oil-based diet. This present study results signifies that gilthead seabream broodstock selected on growth trait could have positive role in improvement of sperm and egg quality to produce viable progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shajahan Ferosekhan
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (C.P.-G.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (A.G.); (M.I.); (S.K.)
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Serhat Turkmen
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (C.P.-G.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (A.G.); (M.I.); (S.K.)
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Cathaysa Pérez-García
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (C.P.-G.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (A.G.); (M.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Hanlin Xu
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (C.P.-G.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (A.G.); (M.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Ana Gómez
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain;
| | - Nazeemashahul Shamna
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Juan Manuel Afonso
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (C.P.-G.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (A.G.); (M.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Grethe Rosenlund
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, Sjohagen, 4016 Stavanger, Norway; (G.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Ramón Fontanillas
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, Sjohagen, 4016 Stavanger, Norway; (G.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Anselmo Gracia
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (C.P.-G.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (A.G.); (M.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (C.P.-G.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (A.G.); (M.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Sadasivam Kaushik
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Spain; (S.T.); (C.P.-G.); (H.X.); (J.M.A.); (A.G.); (M.I.); (S.K.)
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8
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Ferosekhan S, Xu H, Turkmen S, Gómez A, Afonso JM, Fontanillas R, Rosenlund G, Kaushik S, Izquierdo M. Reproductive performance of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) broodstock showing different expression of fatty acyl desaturase 2 and fed two dietary fatty acid profiles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15547. [PMID: 32968090 PMCID: PMC7512018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that it is possible to nutritionally program gilthead seabream offspring through fish oil (FO) replacement by vegetable oils (VO) in the broodstock diet, to improve their ability to grow fast when fed low fish meal (FM) and FO diets during grow-out phase. However, in those studies broodstock performance was reduced by the VO contained diet. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine if it is possible to replace FO by a mixture of FO and rapeseed oil (RO) with a specific fatty acid profile in broodstock diets, without altering gilthead seabream broodstock reproductive performance. Besides, the study also aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of broodstock with different expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 gene (fads2) a key enzyme in synthesis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. For that purpose, broodfish having either a high (HD) or low (LD) expression of fads2 were fed for three months during the spawning season with two diets containing different fatty acid profiles and their effects on reproductive hormones, fecundity, sperm and egg quality, egg biochemical composition and fads2 expression were studied. The results showed that blood fads2 expression in females, which tended to be higher than in males, was positively related to plasma 17β-estradiol levels. Moreover, broodstock with high blood fads2 expression showed a better reproductive performance, in terms of fecundity and sperm and egg quality, which was correlated with female fads2 expression. Our data also showed that it is feasible to reduce ARA, EPA and DHA down to 0.43, 6.6 and 8.4% total fatty acids, respectively, in broodstock diets designed to induce nutritional programming effects in the offspring without adverse effects on spawning quality. Further studies are being conducted to test the offspring with low FM and FO diets along life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shajahan Ferosekhan
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain. .,ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Hanlin Xu
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Serhat Turkmen
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Ana Gómez
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal (IATS), CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Afonso
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | | | - Sadasivam Kaushik
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
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9
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Merino O, Dumorné K, Leidy SV, Figueroa E, Valdebenito I, Farías JG, Risopatrón J. Short-term storage sperm of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) at 4 °C: Effect of sperm: Extender dilution ratios and antioxidant butyl-hydroxytoluene (BHT) on sperm function. Cryobiology 2020; 95:44-50. [PMID: 32554155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Short-term storage of semen is a necessary key procedure in fish; it allows maximizing the use of gametes. Nevertheless, sperm quality decreases during storage has been associated with oxidative stress damage due to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) during storage. This study was designed to optimize a short-term storage protocol for Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) spermatozoa, evaluating the effect of extender dilution and the addition of butyl-hydroxytoluene (BHT) antioxidant on sperm function parameters. In the first experiment, fresh semen was diluted in Storfish®: extender dilution (1:2 and 1:3) and a control sample undiluted and stored at 4 °C for 7-days. In both experiments motility (MO), viability and integrity of plasma membrane, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and superoxide anion level (O2-) were evaluated at 0, 3 and 7 days. Result shows that, 1:3 dilution maintained a higher sperm function for a longer period time. In the second experiment, spermatozoa were suspended in Storfish® (1:3) supplemented with two different concentrations of BHT (1.0 mM and 2.0 mM) and a control sample without antioxidant and stored at 4 °C for 7 days. The results demonstrated that, antioxidant-supplemented samples greater MO than control samples (P < 0.05). The viability remained >75% during storage in all groups. MMP was higher in 2.0 mM BHT compared to 1.0 mM and control (P < 0.05), in addition, this concentration reduced O2- level (P < 0.05). In conclusion, sperm: extender dilution 1:3 and adding of 2.0 mM BHT in sperm storage extender may enhance protection sperm function in Oncorhynchus kisutch against effects harmful of the oxidative stress during the in vitro storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Merino
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Center of Excellence of Biotechnology in Reproduction (BIOREN-CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kelly Dumorné
- Center of Excellence of Biotechnology in Reproduction (BIOREN-CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Vicerectory for Research and Postgraduate Studies, Graduate Academic Direction, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sandoval-Vargas Leidy
- Doctoral Program in Agricultural Sciences. Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Elías Figueroa
- Nucleus of Research in Food Production, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Iván Valdebenito
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Nucleus of Research in Food Production, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge G Farías
- Center of Excellence of Biotechnology in Reproduction (BIOREN-CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jennie Risopatrón
- Center of Excellence of Biotechnology in Reproduction (BIOREN-CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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10
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Cryoprotectants synergy improve zebrafish sperm cryopreservation and offspring skeletogenesis. Cryobiology 2019; 91:115-127. [PMID: 31605703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The synergy obtained by the combination of cryoprotectants is a successful strategy that can be beneficial on the optimization of zebrafish sperm cryopreservation. Recently, a protocol was established for this species using an electric ultrafreezer (-150 °C) performing cooling rate (-66 °C/min) and storage within one step. The ultimate objective of sperm cryopreservation is to generate healthy offspring. Therefore, the objective of this study was to select the most adequate cryoprotectant combination, for the previously established protocol, that generate high quality offspring with normal skeletogenesis. Among the permeating cryoprotectant concentrations studied 12.5% and 15% of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) yielded high post-thaw sperm quality and hatching rates. For these two concentrations, the presence of bovine serum albumin (10 mg/mL), egg yolk (10%), glycine (30 mM) and bicine (50 mM) was evaluated for post-thaw sperm motility, viability, in vitro fertilization success and offspring skeletal development (30 days post fertilization). Higher concentration of permeating cryoprotectant (15%) decreased the incidence of deformed arches and severe skeletal malformations, which suggests higher capacity to protect the cell against cold stress and DNA damage. Extender containing 15% DMF with Ctrl, Bicine and egg yolk were the non-permeating cryoprotectants with higher post-thaw quality. The use of these compounds results in a reduction in vertebral fusions, compressions and severity of skeletal malformations in the offspring. Therefore, these extender compositions are beneficial for the quality of zebrafish offspring sired by cryopreserved sperm with -66 °C/min freezing rate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on skeletal development of the offspring sired by cryopreserved sperm performed with different freezing media compositions in zebrafish.
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11
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Sperm quality in fish: Determinants and affecting factors. Theriogenology 2019; 135:94-108. [PMID: 31203093 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fish sperm quality assessment is helpful for optimizing production and for monitoring the environmental state. Sperm can be monitored relatively easy and, to date, various analyses have been applied and proven to be helpful in this task. Among them, sperm motility parameters such as sperm speed are one of the main performance traits during assisted fish reproduction. Apart from motility the sperm concentration, volume, and seminal plasma pH and osmolality are also frequently evaluated and are the main sperm quality indicators measured in fish sperm. However, other parameters also determine sperm fertilization potential. Recent knowledge reveals several additional parameters of high importance for sperm function. Among them are DNA integration, membrane stability, mitochondria status and enzymatic activity. Measuring all these parameters in fish sperm provides complex knowledge regarding male fertility and helps to improve broodstock maintenance protocols as well as gamete handling and fertilization processes. This review focuses on the presentation of the sperm quality measures for freshwater and marine species of the fish and provides information regarding recent methods of sperm quality evaluation.
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12
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Robles V, Valcarce DG, Riesco MF. The Use of Antifreeze Proteins in the Cryopreservation of Gametes and Embryos. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E181. [PMID: 31075977 PMCID: PMC6571776 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cryopreservation of gametes and embryos is a technique widely used in reproductive biology. This technology helps in the reproductive management of domesticated animals, and it is an important tool for gene banking and for human-assisted reproductive technologies. Antifreeze proteins are naturally present in several organisms exposed to subzero temperatures. The ability for these proteins to inhibit ice recrystallization together with their ability to interact with biological membranes makes them interesting molecules to be used in cryopreservation protocols. This mini-review provides a general overview about the use of antifreeze proteins to improve the short and long term storage of gametes and embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Robles
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Santander, 39012, Spain.
- MODCELL GROUP, Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - David G Valcarce
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Santander, 39012, Spain.
| | - Marta F Riesco
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Santander, 39012, Spain.
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13
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Wreckfish (Polyprion americanus). New Knowledge About Reproduction, Larval Husbandry, and Nutrition. Promise as a New Species for Aquaculture. FISHES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes4010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Four different wreckfish (Polyprion americanus) broodstock batches were maintained in research facilities under different photo and thermo-period conditions, one in Greece, the Helenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR, n = 3) and three in Spain: Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, n = 13) in Vigo, Aquarium Finisterrae (MC2, n = 21) in A Coruña and Consellería do Mar (CMRM, n = 11). The CMRM includes two centers that work together: Instituto Galego de Formación en Acuicultura (IGAFA) and Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), both in Pontevedra. During the five years of the project DIVERSIFY (Exploring the biological and socio-economic potential of new-emerging candidate fish species for the expansion of the European aquaculture industry, 2013–2018) works focused on the reproductive biology of the species, broodstock, and larvae nutrition and development of incubation and larval rearing protocols have been carried out. In terms of reproduction, catch methods of new wild animals, the reproductive cycle, sperm characteristics evaluation, and spontaneous and induced spawning methods have been described for wreckfish. Regarding nutrition, the positive effect of two types of enrichment on the fatty acid profiles of Artemia and rotifer has been verified. The relationship between the fatty acid profile of the diets supplied to the broodstock and the fatty acid profile obtained in the oocytes and eggs of the females fed with different diets, has also been demonstrated. Finally, early larval ontogeny has been described and incubation and larval rearing protocols have been proposed based on the results obtained in the different experiments of temperature, growth, survival, and larval feeding that were carried out.
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14
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Dimethylsulfoxide, methanol and methylglycol in the seminal cryopreservation of Suruvi, Steindachneridion scriptum. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 200:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Diogo P, Martins G, Quinzico I, Nogueira R, Gavaia PJ, Cabrita E. Electric ultrafreezer (- 150 °C) as an alternative for zebrafish sperm cryopreservation and storage. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:1443-1455. [PMID: 29654541 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish sperm cryopreservation is a fundamental methodology to manage and back-up valuable genetic resources like transgenic and mutant strains. Cryopreservation usually requires liquid nitrogen for storage, which is expensive and hazardous. Our objective was to evaluate if electric ultrafreezers (- 150 °C) are a viable alternative for zebrafish sperm storage. Zebrafish sperm was cryopreserved in the same conditions (- 20 °C/min), stored either in liquid nitrogen or in an ultrafreezer, and thawed after 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Sperm motility, membrane integrity, and fertilization ability were assessed. There were no significant differences in motility and hatching rate throughout storage time. Additionally, we aimed at understanding if cryopreservation directly in an ultrafreezer (- 66 °C/min) could improve post-thaw sperm quality. Freezing at - 20 °C/min was performed as before, and compared to samples cryopreserved with a fast cooling rate by placing directly in an ultrafreezer (- 66 °C/min). Sperm quality was assessed according to motility, viability, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis (annexin V). The - 66 °C/min cooling rate showed significantly higher membrane and DNA integrity, and lower number of cells in late apoptosis in comparison to the other treatments. This study showed that zebrafish sperm cryopreservation and storage in an ultrafreezer system is possible and a fast cooling rate directly in ultrafreezer improves post-thaw sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Diogo
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gil Martins
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Isa Quinzico
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rita Nogueira
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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16
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Várkonyi L, Bokor Z, Molnár J, Fodor F, Szári Z, Ferincz Á, Staszny Á, Láng LZ, Csorbai B, Urbányi B, Bernáth G. The comparison of two different extenders for the improvement of large-scale sperm cryopreservation in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 54:639-645. [PMID: 30488550 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In our study, a traditionally used (Grayling, already used in cyprinid species) and a newly tested (Pike) extender was tested to avoid sperm agglutination phenomenon following thawing during carp sperm cryopreservation. A large-scale (elevated volume of sperm) freezing method in a controlled-rate freezer using 5 ml straw and 10 ml cryotube was also systematically established. In all experiments, the sperm cryopreserved in using Grayling extender (except only one sample) showed an agglutination phenomenon (damaged and intact cells adhered to each other) after thawing where Pike extender resulted the regular cell suspension. No significant difference was observed between the two cryopreserved groups (Pike and Grayling extender) in all motility parameters using the 0.5 ml straw and the polystyrene box. Similarly, motility parameters did not show a significant difference in the two frozen groups with the 5 ml straw, also in the polystyrene box. A significantly higher progressive motility (pMOT, Grayling: 54% ± 8%, Pike: 37% ± 5%), straight line velocity (VSL, Grayling: 50 ± 5 µm/s, Pike: 39 ± 4 µm/s) and beat cross frequency (BCF, Grayling: 20 ± 1 Hz, Pike: 17 ± 1 Hz) was observed in the case of the grayling extender by the 5 ml straw cryopreserved in a controlled-rate freezer (CRF) compare to the pike extender. A significantly higher VSL (Grayling: 45 ± 3 µm/s, Pike: 38 ± 4 µm/s) was observed by the grayling extender using the 10 ml cryotube than with the pike extender. Despite the randomly occurring differences in a few parameters, our new controlled freezing method using the newly tested Pike extender, the 5 ml straw or the 10 ml cryotube can be a good solution for the preservation of elevated volume of carp sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Várkonyi
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Agárd, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bokor
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Agárd, Hungary
| | - József Molnár
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Agárd, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fodor
- Balaton Fish Management Non-Profit Ltd, Siófok, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szári
- Balaton Fish Management Non-Profit Ltd, Siófok, Hungary
| | - Árpád Ferincz
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Agárd, Hungary
| | - Ádám Staszny
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Agárd, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Csorbai
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Agárd, Hungary
| | - Béla Urbányi
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Agárd, Hungary
| | - Gergely Bernáth
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Agárd, Hungary
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17
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Dumorné K, Valdebenito I, Risopatron J, Figueroa E, Díaz R, Farías J. Morphology and ultrastructure of pink cusk-eel (Genypterus blacodes, Schneider 1801) spermatozoa by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Tissue Cell 2018; 54:26-29. [PMID: 30309506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the morphology and ultrastructure of Genypterus blacodes spermatozoa were characterized through scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Findings revealed that the G. blacodes spermatozoa can be differentiated into three major parts: a spherical head without an acrosome (typical for externally fertilizing fish), a short mid-piece, and a long flagellum. The mean length of the spermatozoa was 57.6 ± 6.08 μm, with flagella accounting for 56.2 ± 7.2 μm. The head was 1.47 ± 0.2 μm long, and 0.89 ± 0.06 μm wide. The mid-piece had a total dimension of 0.72 ± 0.16 μm, and was 0.31 ± 0.02 μm in length and 0.6 ± 0.05 μm in width. It was located lateral to the nucleus and contained 4 or 5 spherical mitochondria. The mitochondria were separated from the axoneme by a cytoplasmic canal. The main piece of the flagellum had short irregular side-fins, and the axoneme was composed of the typical 9 + 2 microtubular doublet structure enclosed by a cell membrane. The present study reveals that G. blacodes sperm can be categorized as a primitive type. This study is the first to provide comprehensive details on the morphology and ultrastructure of spermatozoa in G. blacodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Dumorné
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Iván Valdebenito
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria. Escuela de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jennie Risopatron
- BIOREN-Center for Biotechnology in Reproduction, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Elías Figueroa
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria. Escuela de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rommy Díaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge Farías
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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18
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Müller T, Matsubara H, Kubara Y, Horváth Á, Kolics B, Taller J, Stéger V, Kovács B, Horváth L, Asturiano JF, Peñaranda DS, Urbányi B. Testing cryopreserved European eel sperm for hybridization (A. japonica × A. anguilla). Theriogenology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Zilli L, Bianchi A, Sabbagh M, Pecoraro L, Schiavone R, Vilella S. Development of sea bream (Sparus aurata) semen vitrification protocols. Theriogenology 2018; 110:103-109. [PMID: 29353140 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The long-term goal of this research project is to set up efficient protocol that can be used to develop a standardized approach for vitrification of marine fish spermatozoa. In particular, the aim of the present study was to develop a vitrification protocol for sea bream (Sparus aurata) spermatozoa. To draw up the protocol, we tested two different dilution media (1% NaCl and Mounib medium), three different vitrification devices (loops, drops and cut straws), different cryoprotectants (CPs) and three different equilibration times (30, 60 and 120 s). The effect of the different vitrification procedures on spermatozoa quality was checked by measuring spermatozoa motility rate and viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and the fertilizing ability of both fresh and post-thawed gametes. The best result was obtained by dropping directly into liquid nitrogen 20 μl of spermatozoa suspension (drop-wise method) diluted with Mounib buffer containing 10% Me2SO + 10% glycerol. The addition of a mixture of anti-freezing proteins, AFPI and AFPIII, to Mounib buffer significantly increases the spermatozoa quality following vitrification so confirming the usefulness of AFPs in improving the quality of gametes subjected to the vitrification process. The present study proves that vitrification offers an alternative to conventional sperm cryopreservation also in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Zilli
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le per Monteroni 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Bianchi
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le per Monteroni 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maroua Sabbagh
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le per Monteroni 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Laura Pecoraro
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le per Monteroni 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Roberta Schiavone
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le per Monteroni 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Vilella
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le per Monteroni 73100, Lecce, Italy
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20
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Gallo A, Boni R, Tosti E. Sperm viability assessment in marine invertebrates by fluorescent staining and spectrofluorimetry: A promising tool for assessing marine pollution impact. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:407-412. [PMID: 28888124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The viability of spermatozoa is a crucial parameter to evaluate their quality that is an important issue in ecotoxicological studies. Here, a new method has been developed to rapidly determine the viability of spermatozoa in three marine invertebrates: the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis. This method employed the dual DNA fluorescent staining coupled with spectrofluorimetric analysis. The dual fluorescent staining used the SYBR-14 stained live spermatozoa and propidium iodide stained degenerated cells that had lost membrane integrity. Stain uptake was assessed by confocal microscopy and then the percentage of live and dead spermatozoa was quantified by spectrofluorimetric analysis. The microscopic examination revealed three populations of spermatozoa: living-SYBR-14 stained, dead-PI stained, and dying-doubly stained spermatozoa. The fluorescence emission peak values recorded in a spectrofluorimeter provide the portion of live and dead spermatozoa showing a significant negative correlation. The stain combination was further validated using known ratios of live and dead spermatozoa. The present study demonstrated that the dual DNA staining with SYBR-14 and propidium iodide was effective in assessing viability of spermatozoa in marine invertebrates and that spectrofluorimetric analysis can be successfully employed to evaluate the percentage of live and dead spermatozoa. The method develop herein is simple, accurate, rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective, so it could be a useful tool by which marine pollutants may be screened for spermiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Boni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 75100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tosti
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
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Balamurugan R, Munuswamy N. Cryopreservation of sperm in Grey mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758). Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 185:205-213. [PMID: 28869108 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to document the effects of cryopreservation on sperm motility and viability in Grey mullet Mugil cephalus. Cryopreservation of sperm was attempted by using two extenders ringer solution for marine fish (RSMF) and V2 extender (V2E) and cryoprotectants dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (GLY), propylene glycol (PG) and methanol (MeOH). Cryoprotectants were assessed at different concentrations individually as well as in combination with varying equilibration times (10 and 30min). For optimization of freezing rate, four freezing protocols (-5, -10, -20 and -30°C/min) were evaluated. After achieving final temperature, samples were plunged in liquid nitrogen (-196°C) and stored for a week. Samples were subsequently thawed in a water bath at 30°C for assessment of sperm motility and viability. Results indicated that cryomedium constituting of V2E extender+10% glycerol with a dilution ratio of 1:1 (sperm: cryomedium) at an equilibration time of 5 to- 10min and freezing rate of -20°C/min was more desirable compared with other factors that were assessed. Use of this protocol resulted in retaining the greatest sperm motility grade 3.0±0.0 (50%-80% sperm movement, fast swimming) and 48.19±3.12% of sperm viability. The results of the present study, therefore, provide base-line data for establishing a protocol for sperm cryopreservation in M.cephalus. Further studies are, however, required for optimization of most suitable sperm cryopreservation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Balamurugan
- Unit of Aquaculture & Cryobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Natesan Munuswamy
- Unit of Aquaculture & Cryobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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de Mello F, Garcia JS, Godoy LC, Depincé A, Labbé C, Streit DP. The effect of cryoprotectant agents on DNA methylation patterns and progeny development in the spermatozoa of Colossoma macropomum. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 245:94-101. [PMID: 27288638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation patterns are inherited from parents and are imperative for proper embryonic development; however, alterations in these patterns can compromise fertilization and development into a fully functioning adult animal because DNA methylation is part of a complex program of gene transcription. In this study, we investigated the impact of cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) on DNA methylation patterns in spermatozoa and the consequences on embryonic development and the survival rate of progeny. Global methylation was assessed by enzymatic reactions in Colossoma macropomum spermatozoa that were cryopreserved using dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, methanol, ethyl glycol and glycerol as CPAs. Fertilization was carried out to evaluate survival rates and abnormalities in embryonic development upon treatment with each of the CPAs. Fresh semen served as the control. Our results indicated that, compared to the control group, spermatozoa cryopreservation decreased the fertilization rate and delayed embryonic development from the midblastula stage. Furthermore, spermatozoa cryopreserved in all CPAs had lower methylation levels and exhibited more delays and abnormalities during embryonic development than did fresh semen. Methanol resulted in fertilization, hatching rates and embryonic development that were closer to the control but had lower methylation levels. In conclusion, ours results show significant alterations on spermatozoa DNA methylation patterns caused by CPAs that are used in the semen cryopreservation process. DNA methylation pattern alterations affected the viability of progeny (r=0.48); however, these effects can be minimized by choosing the CPA that will compose the freezing solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Mello
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 7712, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, Agronomia, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Saraiva Garcia
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 7712, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, Agronomia, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandro C Godoy
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 7712, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, Agronomia, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Fish Reproduction, Nilton Lins University, 3259, Professor Nilton Lins Avenue, Parque das Laranjeiras, Manaus 69058-030, AM, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Depincé
- INRA, UR1037, Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Labbé
- INRA, UR1037, Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Danilo P Streit
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 7712, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, Agronomia, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil
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Asturiano JF, Cabrita E, Horváth Á. Progress, challenges and perspectives on fish gamete cryopreservation: A mini-review. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 245:69-76. [PMID: 27318279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protocols for the cryopreservation of fish gametes have been developed for many different fish species, in special, freshwater salmonids and cyprinids. Methods for sperm freezing have progressed during the last decades due to the increasing number of potential applications: aquaculture (genetic improvement programs, broodstock management, helping with species having reproductive problems), biotechnology studies using model fish species (preservation of transgenic or mutant lines), cryobanking of genetic resources from endangered species, etc. This mini-review tries to give an overview of the present situation of this area of research, identifying the main challenges and perspectives, redirecting the reader to more in-depth reviews and papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Asturiano
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ákos Horváth
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, 2100 Gödöllő, Páter Károly u. 1., Hungary.
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Martínez-Páramo S, Horváth Á, Labbé C, Zhang T, Robles V, Herráez P, Suquet M, Adams S, Viveiros A, Tiersch TR, Cabrita E. Cryobanking of aquatic species. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 472:156-177. [PMID: 29276317 PMCID: PMC5737826 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on the applications of genome cryobanking of aquatic species including freshwater and marine fish, as well as invertebrates. It also reviews the latest advances in cryobanking of model species, widely used by the scientific community worldwide, because of their applications in several fields. The state of the art of cryopreservation of different cellular types (sperm, oocytes, embryos, somatic cells and primordial germ cells or early spermatogonia) is discussed focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure according to different applications. A special review on the need of standardization of protocols has also been carried out. In summary, this comprehensive review provides information on the practical details of applications of genome cryobanking in a range of aquatic species worldwide, including the cryobanks established in Europe, USA, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand, the species and type of cells that constitute these banks and the utilization of the samples preserved. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE This review compiles the last advances on germplasm cryobanking of freshwater and marine fish species and invertebrates, with high value for commercial aquaculture or conservation. It is reviewed the most promising cryopreservation protocols for different cell types, embryos and larvae that could be applied in programs for genetic improvement, broodstock management or conservation of stocks to guarantee culture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Martínez-Páramo
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ákos Horváth
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Catherine Labbé
- INRA, Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, United Kingdom
| | - Vanesa Robles
- IEO, Spanish Oceanographic Institute, Santander Oceanographic Centre, El Bocal, Barrio Corbanera s/n Bocal, 39012 Monte, Santander, Spain
| | - Paz Herráez
- Department of Molecular Biology and INDEGSAL, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Marc Suquet
- IFREMER, PFOM Dept, Stn Expt Argenton, UMR, 6539 Argenton, France
| | - Serean Adams
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Private Bag 3123, Ruakura, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Ana Viveiros
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Terrence R. Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Gallo A, Boni R, Buttino I, Tosti E. Spermiotoxicity of nickel nanoparticles in the marine invertebrate Ciona intestinalis (ascidians). Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1096-104. [PMID: 27080039 PMCID: PMC4975092 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1177743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) are increasingly used in modern industries as catalysts, sensors, and in electronic applications. Due to this large use, their inputs into marine environment have significantly increased; however, the potential ecotoxicological effects in marine environment have so far received little attention. In particular, little is known on the impact of NPs on gamete quality of marine organisms and on the consequences on fertility potential. The present study examines, for the first time, the impact of Ni NPs exposure on sperm quality of the marine invertebrate Ciona intestinalis (ascidian). Several parameters related with sperm status such as plasma membrane lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular pH, DNA integrity, and fertilizing ability were assessed as toxicity end points after exposure to different Ni NPs concentrations. Ni NPs generate oxidative stress that in turn induces lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, and alters MMP and sperm morphology. Furthermore, sperm exposure to Ni NPs affects their fertilizing ability and causes developmental anomalies in the offspring. All together, these results reveal a spermiotoxicity of Ni NPs in ascidians suggesting that the application of these NPs should be carefully assessed as to their potential toxic effects on the health of marine organisms that, in turn, may influence the ecological system. This study shows that ascidian sperm represent a suitable and sensitive tool for the investigation of the toxicity of NPs entered into marine environment, for defining the mechanisms of toxic action and for the environmental monitoring purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNapoli,
Italy
| | - Raffaele Boni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata,
Potenza,
Italy
| | - Isabella Buttino
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research,
Livorno,
Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tosti
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNapoli,
Italy
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Figueroa E, Valdebenito I, Merino O, Ubilla A, Risopatrón J, Farias JG. Cryopreservation of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar sperm: effects on sperm physiology. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:1537-1550. [PMID: 27406003 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of freezing on the function in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar spermatozoa. The semen was frozen in Cortland's medium + 1.3M dimethyl sulphoxide + 0.3M glucose + 2% bovine serum albumin (final concentration) in a ratio of 1:3 (semen:cryoprotectant) as the treatment (T) and fresh semen as the control (F). Straws of 0·5 ml of sperm suspension were frozen in 4 cm of N2 L. They were thawed in a thermoregulated bath (40° C). After thawing, the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA [transferase dUTP (deoxyuridine triphosphate) nick-end labelling (TUNEL)], plasma membrane integrity (SYBR-14/PI) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨMMit, JC-1) were evaluated by flow cytometry and motility was evaluated by optical microscope under stroboscopic light. The fertilization rates of the control and treatment semen were tested at a sperm density of 1·5 × 10(7) spermatozoa oocyte(-1) , by observation of the first cleavages after 16 h incubation at 10° C. In the cryopreserved semen (T), the mean ± s.d. DNA fragmentation was 4·8 ± 2·5%; plasma membrane integrity 75·2 ± 6·3%; mitochondrial membrane potential 51·7 ± 3·6%; motility 58·5 ± 5·3%; curved line velocity (VCL ) 61·2 ± 17·4 µm s(-1) ; average-path velocity (VAP ) 50·1 ± 17·3 µm s(-1) ; straight-line velocity (VSL ) 59·1 ± 18·4 µm s(-1) ; fertilization rate 81·6 ± 1·9%. There were significant differences in the plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, motility, fertilization rate, VCL , VAP and VSL compared with the controls (P < 0·05). Also the mitochondrial membrane potential correlated with motility, fertilization rate, VCL and VSL (r = 0·75; r = 0·59; r = 0·77 and r = 0·79, respectively; P < 0·05); and the fertilization rate correlated with VCL and VSL (r = 0·59 and r = 0·55, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Figueroa
- School of Aquaculture, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - I Valdebenito
- School of Aquaculture, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - O Merino
- BIOREN-Center for Biotechnology in Reproduction, La Frontera University, Temuco, Chile
| | - A Ubilla
- School of Aquaculture, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - J Risopatrón
- BIOREN-Center for Biotechnology in Reproduction, La Frontera University, Temuco, Chile
| | - J G Farias
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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Commercial-scale out-of-season cryopreservation of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) sperm and its application for fertilization. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 170:170-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sperm dilution ratio affects post-thaw motility rate and velocity of Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes) sperm. ZYGOTE 2015; 24:662-7. [PMID: 26680254 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199415000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of standardization in sperm cryopreservation of aquatic organisms and, thus, a necessity of more accurate investigations in all steps of this process. In this study, the effects of sperm dilution ratio on post-thaw sperm quality of Prochilodus lineatus were evaluated. Sperm was diluted in a standard freezing medium (glucose and methyl glycol) at four different ratios (sperm to final volume = 1:5, 1:10, 1:50 or 1:100), frozen in a nitrogen vapour vessel at -170°C and then stored in liquid nitrogen vessel at -196°C. Post-thaw motility rate and velocities (curvilinear = VCL; average path = VAP; straight line = VSL) were determined using a Computer-Assisted Sperm Analyzer (CASA) at 10 and 40 s post-activation. The highest motility rates were observed when sperm was frozen at a ratio of 1:5 (76%) and 1:10 (75%). The highest VCL (225 μm/s) and VAP (203 μm/s) were observed at a ratio of 1:10, while VSL was similar among samples frozen at 1:5, 1:10 and 1:50 (97-124 μm/s). When those parameters were evaluated again 30 s later, motility decreased significantly in samples frozen at a ratio of 1:5 (57%) and 1:10 (61%), while velocities decreased significantly in all samples regardless of dilution ratio (75-85 μm/s of VCL, 38-53 μm/s of VAP and 25-39 μm/s of VSL). P. lineatus sperm should be frozen at a ratio of 1:10, where both the number of loaded sperm per straw and the post-thaw quality are maximized.
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Aramli MS, Golshahi K, Nazari RM, Sotoudeh E, Aramli S, Habibi E. Effect of freezing rate for cryopreservation of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2015; 85:734-9. [PMID: 26549121 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of freezing rate (-10 °C, -15 °C, -20 °C, -30 °C, and -40 °C/min) on motility parameters, rates of fertilization and hatching, ATP content, and indices of oxidative stress including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and carbonyl derivatives of proteins in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) sperm. After sampling, sperm was diluted in an extender composed of 23.4-mM sucrose, 0.25-mM KCl, and 30-mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, containing 10% methanol and subsequently frozen in a programmable freezer. For postthaw sperm that were frozen at a rate of -40 °C/min, sperm motile duration (134 ± 27.01 seconds), sperm motile percent (60 ± 4.1%), fertilizability (72 ± 8.36% for fertilization rate and 65 ± 7.58% for hatching rate), and ATP content (4.8 ± 0.57 nmol/10(8) sperm) were significantly higher than for sperm frozen at any of the four slower rates (P < 0.05). Moreover, sperm cryopreserved using the fastest freezing rate had significantly lower levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (0.5 ± 0.05 nmol/10(8) sperm) and carbonyl derivatives of proteins (41.3 ± 4.9 nmol/10(8) sperm) than sperm cryopreserved using all other freezing rates (P < 0.05). In addition, there is a significant difference (P < 0.05) between fresh sperm and the recovery of cryopreserved Persian sturgeon sperm using programmable freezing with -40 °C/min being the optimal freezing rate among those tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karim Golshahi
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ebrahim Sotoudeh
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Salim Aramli
- Medicine Laboratory, Alavi Educational and Treatment Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ensieh Habibi
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran
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Garcia RRF, Vasconcelos ACN, Povh JA, Oberst ER, Varela Jr. AS, Corcini CD, Streit Jr. DP. Functional integrity of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816) sperm cryopreserved with enriched extender solutions. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20140142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cryoprotectant solutions are used to protect the sperm from alterations caused by the low temperature in the cryopreservation process. We evaluated the quality of Colossoma macropomum semen after freezing, using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a cryoprotectant, combined with two extender solutions (T1 - Solution 1: Glucose 90.0 g/L, Sodium Citrate 6.0 g/L, EDTA 1.5 g/L, Sodium Bicarbonate 1.5 g/L, Potassium Chloride 0.8 g/L, Gentamycin Sulphate 0.2 g/L, and T2 - Solution 2: Glucose 90.0 g/L, ACP(r)-104 10.0 g/L). Motility rate and motility time did not differ between T1 and T2 and were lower than fresh semen. The number of normal sperm was significantly different in treatments T1 (15.1%) and T2 (21.9%), and both showed a reduction in the percentage of normal sperm compared to fresh semen (57.4%). The values found for the rates of fertilization and hatching, mitochondrial functionality and sperm DNA, did not differ between the treatments (T1 and T2). Regarding membrane integrity, there was a higher percentage of spermatozoa with intact membranes in T1 (53.4%) than T2 (43.7%). The extender solutions, combined with 10% DMSO, maintained the sperm DNA intact in almost all the C. macropomum sperm cells, however there was a loss in their functionality.
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Zilli L, Beirão J, Schiavone R, Herraez MP, Gnoni A, Vilella S. Comparative proteome analysis of cryopreserved flagella and head plasma membrane proteins from sea bream spermatozoa: effect of antifreeze proteins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99992. [PMID: 24941006 PMCID: PMC4062426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation induces injuries to fish spermatozoa that in turn affect sperm quality in terms of fertilization ability, motility, DNA and protein integrity and larval survival. To reduce the loss of sperm quality due to freezing-thawing, it is necessary to improve these procedures. In the present study we investigated the ability of two antifreeze proteins (AFPI and AFPIII) to reduce the loss of quality of sea bream spermatozoa due to cryopreservation. To do so, we compared viability, motility, straight-line velocity and curvilinear velocity of fresh and (AFPs)-cryopreserved spermatozoa. AFPIII addition to cryopreservation medium improved viability, motility and straight-line velocity with respect to DMSO or DMSO plus AFPI. To clarify the molecular mechanism(s) underlying these findings, the protein profile of two different cryopreserved sperm domains, flagella and head plasma membranes, was analysed. The protein profiles differed between fresh and frozen-thawed semen and results of the image analysis demonstrated that, after cryopreservation, out of 270 proteins 12 were decreased and 7 were increased in isolated flagella, and out of 150 proteins 6 showed a significant decrease and 4 showed a significant increase in head membranes. Mass spectrometry analysis identified 6 proteins (4 from isolated flagella and 2 present both in flagella and head plasma membranes) within the protein spots affected by the freezing-thawing procedure. 3 out of 4 proteins from isolated flagella were involved in the sperm bioenergetic system. Our results indicate that the ability of AFPIII to protect sea bream sperm quality can be, at least in part, ascribed to reducing changes in the sperm protein profile occurring during the freezing-thawing procedure. Our results clearly demonstrated that AFPIII addition to cryopreservation medium improved the protection against freezing respect to DMSO or DMSO plus AFPI. In addition we propose specific proteins of spermatozoa as markers related to the procedures of fish sperm cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Zilli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - José Beirão
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Roberta Schiavone
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Gnoni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Vilella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Daly J, Tiersch TR. Sources of variation in flow cytometric analysis of aquatic species sperm: The effect of cryoprotectants on flow cytometry scatter plots and subsequent population gating. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 370-371:179-188. [PMID: 23175587 PMCID: PMC3500965 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of fluorescent staining and flow cytometry to assess sperm quality in aquatic species has increased over the past decade, but comparisons among studies are difficult or impossible due to variation in application, analysis, and reporting of protocols and data.The goal of the present study was to determine the effect of exposure to two cryoprotectants commonly used for cryopreservation of sperm from aquatic species on the accuracy of flow cytometric assessment of sperm quality.Membrane integrity of zebrafish (Danio rerio) sperm exposed to 10% and 20%methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)in 300 mOsm kg(-1) Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) or calcium-free HBSSwas determined using SYBR 14/propidium iodide staining. Both cryoprotectants significantly affected forward-scatter and side-scatter characteristics of sperm samples, resulting in significant changes in the number of total and gated events, and in the number and percentage of intact cells. These results indicate that it cannot be assumed that the approach to flow cytometric analysis of fresh sperm will be applicable to cryoprotectant-treated or cryopreserved sperm. In total, we document examples of five potentially interacting factors that produce errors of 5 to 50% each, resulting in underestimates and overestimates of total and intact sperm (actual numbers and percentages) in the presence of the two most commonly used cryoprotectants at the concentrations used most often for cryopreservation of sperm from aquatic species. This study provides methods to reduce or eliminate these errors and recommendations necessary for standardization and reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Daly
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Terrence R. Tiersch
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Corresponding author. Aquaculture Research Station, 2410 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70820.
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Fabbrocini A, D'Adamo R, Del Prete F, Langellotti AL, Rinna F, Silvestri F, Sorrenti G, Vitiello V, Sansone G. Cryopreserved semen in ecotoxicological bioassays: sensitivity and reliability of cryopreserved Sparus aurata spermatozoa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 84:293-298. [PMID: 22889497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using cryopreserved S. aurata semen in spermiotoxicity tests. Cryopreservation is a biotechnology that can provide viable gametes and embryos on demand, rather than only in the spawning season, thus overcoming a limitation that has hindered the use of some species in ecotoxicological bioassays. Firstly, the sperm motility pattern of cryopreserved semen was evaluated after thawing by means of both visual and computer-assisted analyses. Motility parameters in the cryopreserved semen did not change significantly in the first hour after thawing, meaning that they were maintained for long enough to enable their use in spermiotoxicity tests. In the second phase of the research, bioassays were performed, using cadmium as the reference toxicant, in order to evaluate the sensitivity of cryopreserved S. aurata semen to ecotoxicological contamination. The sensitivity of the sperm motility parameters used as endpoints (motility percentages and velocities) proved to be comparable to what has been recorded for the fresh semen of other aquatic species (LOECs from 0.02 to 0.03 mg L(-1)). The test showed good reliability and was found to be rapid and easy to perform, requiring only a small volume of the sample. Moreover, cryopreserved semen is easy to store and transfer and makes it possible to perform bioassays in different sites or at different times with the same batch of semen. The proposed bioassay is therefore a promising starting point for the development of toxicity tests that are increasingly tailored to the needs of ecotoxicology and environmental quality evaluation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Fabbrocini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine, via Pola, 4, 71010 Lesina, Foggia, Italy.
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34
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Viveiros ATM, Isaú ZA, Caneppele D, Leal MC. Sperm cryopreservation affects postthaw motility, but not embryogenesis or larval growth in the Brazilian fish Brycon insignis (Characiformes). Theriogenology 2012; 78:803-10. [PMID: 22541324 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation is an important method for preserving genetic information and facilitating artificial reproduction. The objective was to investigate whether the cryopreservation process affects postthaw sperm motility, embryogenesis, and larval growth in the fish Brycon insignis. Sperm was diluted in methyl glycol and Beltsville Thawing solution, frozen in a nitrogen vapor vessel (dry shipper) and stored in liquid nitrogen. Half of the samples were evaluated both subjectively (% of motile sperm and motility quality score-arbitrary grading system from 0 [no movement] to 5 [rapidly swimming sperm]) and in a computer-assisted sperm analyzer (CASA; percentage of motile sperm and velocity). The other half was used for fertilization and the evaluation of embryogenesis (cleavage and gastrula stages), hatching rate, percentage of larvae with normal development and larval growth up to 112 days posthatching (dph). Fresh sperm was analyzed subjectively (percentage of motile sperm and motility quality score) and used as the control. In the subjective analysis, sperm motility significantly decreased from 100% motile sperm and quality score of 5 in fresh sperm to 54% motile sperm and quality score of 3 after thawing. Under computer-assisted sperm analyzer evaluation, postthaw sperm had 67% motile sperm, 122 μm/sec of curvilinear velocity, 87 μm/sec of straight-line velocity and 103 μm/sec of average path velocity. There were no significant differences between progenies (pooled data) for the percentage of viable embryos in cleavage (62%) or gastrula stages (24%) or in the hatching rate (24%), percentage of normal hatched larvae (93%), larval body weight (39.8 g), or standard length (12.7 cm) at 112 days posthatching. Based on these findings, cryopreserved sperm can be used as a tool to restore the population of endangered species, such as B. insignis, as well as for aquaculture purposes, without any concern regarding quality of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T M Viveiros
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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35
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Comparison of two techniques for the morphometry study on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) spermatozoa and evaluation of changes induced by cryopreservation. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1078-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Beirão J, Zilli L, Vilella S, Cabrita E, Schiavone R, Herráez MP. Improving Sperm Cryopreservation with Antifreeze Proteins: Effect on Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Plasma Membrane Lipids1. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:59. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.093401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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37
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Yang H, Savage MG, Hazlewood L, Walter RB, Tiersch TR. Offspring production with cryopreserved sperm from a live-bearing fish Xiphophorus maculatus and implications for female fecundity. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:55-63. [PMID: 21616165 PMCID: PMC3189285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Xiphophorus fishes are well-established models for biomedical research of spontaneous or induced tumors, and their use in research dates back to the 1930s. Currently, 58 well-pedigreed lines exist among 24 Xiphophorus species housed as live animals at the Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center. The technique of sperm cryopreservation has been applied to preserve these valuable genetic resources, and production of offspring has been reported with cryopreserved sperm in two species (X. helleri and X. couchianus). The goal of this research was to establish protocols for sperm cryopreservation and artificial insemination that yield live young in X. maculatus, a widely used research species. The objectives were to: 1) collect basic biological characteristics of males, and quantify the sperm production yield after crushing of dissected testis; 2) cryopreserve sperm from X. maculatus by adapting as necessary the protocols for sperm cryopreservation of X. helleri and X. couchianus; 3) use cryopreserved sperm to inseminate virgin females of X maculatus and other species (X. helleri and X. couchianus), and 4) compare experimental trials over a 3-year period to identify opportunities for improving female fecundity. In total, 117 males were used in this study with a standard length of 2.5 ± 0.3 cm (mean ± SD), body weight of 0.474 ± 0.149 g, and dissected testis weight of 7.1 ± 3.7 mg. Calculation of sperm availability showed 5.9 ± 2.8 × 10(6) sperm cells per mg of testis weight. Offspring were produced from cryopreserved sperm. Male-to-male variation (1-70%) was observed in post-thaw motility despite little variation in motility before freezing (60-90%) or genetic variation (~100 generations of sib-mating). Comparisons of biological factors of males did not have significant correlations with the production of live young, and the influence of females on production of young was identified from the comparison of artificial insemination over 3 years. Overall, this study describes offspring production from cryopreserved sperm in a third species of Xiphophorus fishes, and identifies the opportunities for improving female fecundity which is essential for establishment of germplasm repositories for Xiphophorus fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Yang
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 2410 Ben Hur Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70820, USA.
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38
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Tiersch TR, Yang H, Hu E. Outlook for development of high-throughput cryopreservation for small-bodied biomedical model fishes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:49-54. [PMID: 21885352 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
With the development of genomic research technologies, comparative genome studies among vertebrate species are becoming commonplace for human biomedical research. Fish offer unlimited versatility for biomedical research. Extensive studies are done using these fish models, yielding tens of thousands of specific strains and lines, and the number is increasing every day. Thus, high-throughput sperm cryopreservation is urgently needed to preserve these genetic resources. Although high-throughput processing has been widely applied for sperm cryopreservation in livestock for decades, application in biomedical model fishes is still in the concept-development stage because of the limited sample volumes and the biological characteristics of fish sperm. High-throughput processing in livestock was developed based on advances made in the laboratory and was scaled up for increased processing speed, capability for mass production, and uniformity and quality assurance. Cryopreserved germplasm combined with high-throughput processing constitutes an independent industry encompassing animal breeding, preservation of genetic diversity, and medical research. Currently, there is no specifically engineered system available for high-throughput of cryopreserved germplasm for aquatic species. This review is to discuss the concepts and needs for high-throughput technology for model fishes, propose approaches for technical development, and overview future directions of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence R Tiersch
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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39
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Nynca J, Kuźmiński H, Dietrich GJ, Hliwa P, Dobosz S, Liszewska E, Karol H, Ciereszko A. Biochemical and physiological characteristics of semen of sex-reversed female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Theriogenology 2011; 77:174-83. [PMID: 21924466 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This works studies the biochemical (protein concentration, osmolality, antitrypsin activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity) and physiological characteristics (sperm motility characteristics) of semen of sex-reversed female rainbow trout (n=42) obtained with the application of 11β-hydroksyandrostendione for sex reversal. All data were arbitrarily divided into three classes depending on the percentage of sperm motility: I XX<25%; II XX 25-50% and III XX>50%. The average percentage of sperm motility was 18±7% n=12 (group I XX); 42±6% n=15 (group II XX) and 65±12% n=15 for group III XX, respectively) to link the values of semen parameters to the maturation stage of semen. Semen from 12 normal males of the same age was used as a reference group. Sperm concentration as well as protein concentration, osmolality, antitrypsin activity, and lactate dehydrogenase activity in seminal plasma of sex-reversed females were higher compared with the values obtained for normal male rainbow trout. The values of these parameters declined with the increasing percentage of sperm motility toward values established for normal males. The fertilization success of semen (3×10(6) spermatozoa/egg) of sex-reversed females was very high (above 90%) for both the percentage of eyed embryos and hatched larvae and was related to sperm motility classes. Correlations between the quality parameters of sex-reversed females semen corresponded to those established previously for the semen of normal male rainbow trout. Antitrypsin activity, lactate dehydrogenase, protein concentration, and osmolality were found to be characteristic of seminal plasma of sex-reversed females. The maturity of sex-reversed female spermatozoa seems to be associated with the decline in the values of those parameters toward the values characteristic for seminal plasma of normal males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nynca
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland.
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40
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Nang CF, Osman K, Budin SB, Ismail MI, Jaffar FHF, Mohamad SFS, Ibrahim SF. Bovine serum albumin: survival and osmolarity effect in bovine spermatozoa stored above freezing point. Andrologia 2011; 44 Suppl 1:447-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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41
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Tiersch TR, Yang H, Hu E. Outlook for development of high-throughput cryopreservation for small-bodied biomedical model fishes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 154:76-81. [PMID: 21440666 PMCID: PMC3113708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the development of genomic research technologies, comparative genome studies among vertebrate species are becoming commonplace for human biomedical research. Fish offer unlimited versatility for biomedical research. Extensive studies are done using these fish models, yielding tens of thousands of specific strains and lines, and the number is increasing every day. Thus, high-throughput sperm cryopreservation is urgently needed to preserve these genetic resources. Although high-throughput processing has been widely applied for sperm cryopreservation in livestock for decades, application in biomedical model fishes is still in the concept-development stage because of the limited sample volumes and the biological characteristics of fish sperm. High-throughput processing in livestock was developed based on advances made in the laboratory and was scaled up for increased processing speed, capability for mass production, and uniformity and quality assurance. Cryopreserved germplasm combined with high-throughput processing constitutes an independent industry encompassing animal breeding, preservation of genetic diversity, and medical research. Currently, there is no specifically engineered system available for high-throughput of cryopreserved germplasm for aquatic species. This review is to discuss the concepts and needs for high-throughput technology for model fishes, propose approaches for technical development, and overview future directions of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence R Tiersch
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, 70803, USA.
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42
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Beirão J, Cabrita E, Pérez-Cerezales S, Martínez-Páramo S, Herráez MP. Effect of cryopreservation on fish sperm subpopulations. Cryobiology 2010; 62:22-31. [PMID: 21112321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of the motility data obtained with a CASA system, applying a Two-Step Cluster analysis, identified in seabream sperm 3 different sperm subpopulations that correlated differently with embryo hatching rates. Hence, we designed an experiment to understand the effect of the application of different cryopreservation protocols in these sperm motility-based subpopulations. We analyzed Sparus aurata frozen/thawed semen motility 15, 30, 45 and 60s after activation, using CASA software. Different protocols were applied for cryopreservation: three different cryoprotectants (Dimethyl Sulfoxide (Me(2)SO), Ethylene Glycol (EG) and Propylene Glycol (PG)) each at two different concentrations and two packaging volumes (0.5ml straws, and 1.8ml cryovials) were tested. Different freezing rates were evaluated corresponding to 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8cm above the liquid nitrogen surface for the straws and 1, 2 and 4cm for the cryovials. Motility parameters rendered by CASA were treated with a Two-Step Cluster analysis. Three different subpopulations were obtained: SP1 - slow non-linear spermatozoa, SP2 - slow linear spermatozoa and SP3 - fast linear spermatozoa. We considered SP3 as the subpopulation of interest and focused further analyses on it. Generally, SP3 was the best represented subpopulation 15s after activation and was also the one showing a greater decrease in time, being the least represented after 60s. According to the applied univariate general linear model, samples frozen in straws with 5% Me(2)SO and in cryovials with 10% Me(2)SO at 2 and 1cm from the LN(2,) respectively, produced the best results (closer to the control). Clustering analysis allowed the detection of fish sperm subpopulations according to their motility pattern and showed that sperm composition in terms of subpopulations was differentially affected by the cryopreservation protocol depending on the cryoprotectant used, freezing rates and packaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Beirão
- Dept. of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
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43
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Lahnsteiner F, Mansour N, Caberlotto S. Composition and metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids in Sparus aurata semen and its relation to viability expressed as sperm motility when activated. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 157:39-45. [PMID: 20441800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated aspects of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in Sparus aurata semen and tested the effect of lipids, carbohydrates and related metabolites on sperm viability using in vitro incubation experiments. Sparus aurata semen contained enzyme systems to metabolize sugars and lipids. Also key enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and enzymes involved in ATP metabolism were detected. When spermatozoa were incubated in sperm motility inhibiting saline solution for 48 h phospholipid levels decreased constantly and triglycerides levels during the first 24 h of incubation indicating that spermatozoa utilize lipids as energy resources. After 24 h triglycerides levels started to re-increase indicating a change in sperm metabolism, in particular the onset of triglycerides synthesis by the fatty acid synthase complex. In the incubation period from 0 to 24 h glucose levels were constant, and decreased thereafter. Glycogen levels did not change at all. Semen contained also considerable amounts of sialic acid, glucuronic acid and hexosamines, components of mucopolysaccharides. To find out whether lipids, carbohydrates, and related metabolites had a positive effect on sperm functionality semen was incubated together with the described compounds in sperm motility inhibiting saline solution and motility when activated was determined. In the control 37.2+/-10.1% of the spermatozoa were locally motile and 38.3+/-13.3% motile after 24 h, 36.4+/-5.2% were locally motile and 9.6+/-4.5% were motile after 48 h. The swimming velocity was 89.0+/-13.1 microm/s after 24 h and 61.3+/-12.6% after 48 h. Different types of lipids (arachidic acid, linoleic acid, and glycerol trimyristate) and metabolites acting as fuel for the tricarboxylic acid cycle (hydroxybutyrate, ketoglutarate, and pyruvate) had a positive effect on the sperm viability. Tested carbohydrates (fucose, galactose, glucosamine, glucose, glucoheptose, glycogen, and sialic acid) had no effect. Also lactate and fructose-6-phosphate had no effect on sperm viability while glucose-6-phosphate, oxalacetate, and phosphoglycerate had negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Lahnsteiner
- Department of Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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44
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Sperm quality evaluation in Solea senegalensis during the reproductive season at cellular level. Theriogenology 2009; 72:1251-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Peñaranda D, Pérez L, Gallego V, Jover M, Asturiano J. Improvement of European eel sperm cryopreservation method by preventing spermatozoa movement activation caused by cryoprotectants. Cryobiology 2009; 59:119-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Yang H, Hazlewood L, Walter RB, Tiersch TR. Sperm cryopreservation of a live-bearing fish, Xiphophorus couchianus: male-to-male variation in post-thaw motility and production of F(1) hybrid offspring. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:233-9. [PMID: 19027087 PMCID: PMC4532329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fishes of the genus Xiphophorus are well-studied biomedical research models, and some species, such as X. couchianus, are currently listed as endangered in the wild. Sperm cryopreservation in these live-bearing fishes has begun recently. Thus far, live young have been produced with cryopreserved sperm only in one species (Xiphophorus helleri). In this study, the goal was to develop a practical protocol for sperm cryopreservation of Xiphophorus couchianus, and to produce live young with cryopreserved sperm. Sperm were collected by crushing of testis in Hanks' balanced salt solution at an osmolality of 500 mOsmol/kg (HBSS500), and were cryopreserved with 14% glycerol (v/v) as cryoprotectant at a cooling rate of 20 degrees C/min from 5 to -80 degrees C in 250-microL French straws. For artificial insemination, samples were thawed at 40 degrees C for 5 s in a water bath, washed once using fresh HBSS500 by centrifuging at 1000 g for 5 min at 4 degrees C, concentrated into approximately 5 microL, and injected into virgin females of Xiphophorus maculatus. The inseminated females were monitored for 90 days for subsequent discharge of live young. Results from 2006 and 2007 showed considerable male-to-male variation in post-thaw motility (from 1 to 70%). Offspring were produced by cryopreserved sperm in two tanks (of three) at 36 and 66 days after insemination in 2007. Paternity was confirmed via phenotypes (body color) and genotypes (microsatellite genetic marker) of the hybrid offspring. Overall, a practical protocol for sperm cryopreservation and artificial insemination is provided to preserve X. couchianus, which is an important biomedical research model, and also currently listed as an endangered species in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Yang
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 2410 Ben Hur Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70820, USA.
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47
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Yang H, Tiersch TR. Current status of sperm cryopreservation in biomedical research fish models: zebrafish, medaka, and Xiphophorus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:224-32. [PMID: 18691673 PMCID: PMC2676784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aquarium fishes are becoming increasingly important because of their value in biomedical research and the ornamental fish trade, and because many have become threatened or endangered in the wild. This review summarizes the current status of sperm cryopreservation in three fishes widely used in biomedical research: zebrafish, medaka, and live-bearing fishes of the genus Xiphophorus, and will focus on the needs and opportunities for future research and application of cryopreservation in aquarium fish. First, we summarize the basic biological characteristics regarding natural habitat, testis structure, spermatogenesis, sperm morphology, and sperm physiology. Second, we compare protocol development of sperm cryopreservation. Third, we emphasize the importance of artificial fertilization in sperm cryopreservation to evaluate the viability of thawed sperm. We conclude with a look to future research directions for sperm cryopreservation and the application of this technique in aquarium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Yang
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 2410 Ben Hur Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70820, USA
- Ocean College, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou, 570228, the Peoples Republic of China
| | - Terrence R. Tiersch
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 2410 Ben Hur Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70820, USA
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48
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Cryobanking as tool for conservation of biodiversity: Effect of brown trout sperm cryopreservation on the male genetic potential. Theriogenology 2009; 71:594-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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49
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Peñaranda DS, Pérez L, Gallego V, Barrera R, Jover M, Asturiano JF. European Eel Sperm Diluent for Short-term Storage. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 45:407-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang H, Jones C, Varga ZM, Tiersch TR. Development of a simplified and standardized protocol with potential for high-throughput for sperm cryopreservation in zebrafish Danio rerio. Theriogenology 2007; 68:128-36. [PMID: 17544099 PMCID: PMC2676789 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation offers potential for long-term storage of genetic resources. However, the current protocols for zebrafish Danio rerio are cumbersome and poorly reproducible. Our objective was to facilitate adoption of cryopreservation by streamlining methods from sperm collection through thawing and use. First, sperm activation was evaluated, and motility was completely inhibited when osmolality of the extender was >/=295-300mOsmol/kg. To evaluate cryoprotectant toxicity, sperm were incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMA), methanol, or glycerol at 5, 10, and 15% concentrations. Based on motility, DMSO, DMA, and methanol (</=10%) were less toxic; therefore, sperm were cryopreserved using these cryoprotectants at cooling rates of 10 and 20 degrees C/min. The highest motility (mean+/-S.D.) (35+/-23%; P</=0.0001) and fertility (13+/-8%; P</=0.001) in thawed sperm were obtained with the combination of 8% methanol and a cooling rate of 10 degrees C/min. Further evaluations of 8% methanol and 10 degrees C/min were performed with males from populations with high (2.05+/-0.24) and low (1.18+/-0.12) body condition (P=0.0001). Motility of thawed sperm from the two populations was 38+/-16% (range, 10 to 60%) and 78+/-10% (50 to 90%) (P=0.0001), and fertilization was 6+/-6% (0 to 18%) and 33+/-20% (5 to 81%) (P=0.0001). These values were positively related with body condition factor. Overall, this study simplified and standardized sperm cryopreservation, and established a protocol using French straws as a freezing container and an extender without powdered milk. This protocol can be readily adapted for high-throughput application using automated equipment, and motility and fertility comparable to previous reports were obtained. Male variability and sperm quality remain important considerations for future work, especially in mutant and inbred lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Yang
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- Ocean College, Hainan University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Carrie Jones
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403
| | - Zoltan M. Varga
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403
| | - Terrence R. Tiersch
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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