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Oliveira CCV, Ferrão L, Gallego V, Mieiro C, Oliveira IB, Carvalhais A, Pachedo M, Cabrita E. Exposure to silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles at supra-environmental concentrations decreased sperm motility and affected spermatozoa subpopulations in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023:10.1007/s10695-023-01218-0. [PMID: 37436567 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine pollution by nanoparticles (NPs) can be reprotoxic for fish and disturb successful reproduction of wild populations. In gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), a mild effect on sperm motility was observed after exposure to high concentrations of silver NPs. Considering the great heterogeneity traits within a sperm sample, it is possible that NPs affect spermatozoa accordingly, modulating subpopulation profile. Thus, this work aimed to analyse NP effects in sperm motility in general and considering spermatozoa population structure, using a subpopulation approach. Seabream sperm samples from mature males were exposed for 1 h to increasing concentrations of titanium dioxide (1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10,000 μg L-1) and silver (0.25, 25 and 250 μg L-1) NPs, including Ag NP and Ag+, dissolved in a non-activating medium (0.9 % NaCl). Concentrations chosen include realistic (10-100 and 0.25 μg L-1, respectively, for TiO2 and Ag) and supra-environmental values. The mean particle diameter was determined as 19.34 ± 6.72 and 21.50 ± 8.27 nm in the stock suspension, respectively, for titanium dioxide and silver. After the ex vivo exposure, sperm motility parameters were determined using computer-assisted sperm analysis, and sperm subpopulations were later identified using a two-step cluster analysis. Results revealed a significant reduction in total motility after exposure to the 2 highest concentrations of titanium dioxide NPs, while curvilinear and straight-line velocities were not altered. Exposure to silver NPs (Ag NP and Ag+) lowered significantly total and progressive motilities at all concentrations, while curvilinear and straight-line velocities were significantly lower only at the highest concentration. Sperm subpopulations were also affected by the exposure to both titanium dioxide and silver NPs. In both cases, the highest levels of NPs triggered a decrease in the percentage of fast sperm subpopulations (38.2% in TiO2 1000 μg L-1, 34.8.% in Ag NP 250 μg L-1, and 45.0% in Ag+ 250 μg L-1 vs 53.4% in the control), while an increase on slow sperm subpopulations. A reprotoxic effect was proven for both NPs, but only at supra-environmental concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonor Ferrão
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Aquaculture and Biodiversity Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Victor Gallego
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Aquaculture and Biodiversity Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Cláudia Mieiro
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel B Oliveira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Carvalhais
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mário Pachedo
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
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Blackburn H, Torres L, Liu Y, Tiersch TR. The Need for a Framework Addressing the Temporal Aspects of Fish Sperm Motility Leading to Community-Level Standardization. Zebrafish 2022; 19:119-130. [PMID: 35969383 PMCID: PMC9419943 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2022.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Motility is a widely available parameter that can be used to assess sperm quality of aquatic species. Sperm from fishes with external fertilization usually undergo a dynamic and short-lived period of motility after activation. The common practice of assigning a single value at an arbitrary peak of motility presents challenges for reproducibility, community-level standardization, and comparisons across studies. This study aimed to explore statistical approaches to standardize motility reporting, and to develop an initial framework for community-level standards. Sperm samples from 14 zebrafish (Danio rerio) with a total of 21,705 cells were analyzed by use of computer-assisted sperm analysis with data collection starting at 10 s after activation at 5-s intervals for 50 s. Four common motility variables were selected for analyses: curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, beat cross frequency, and amplitude of lateral head displacement. Cluster analysis was used to evaluate sperm subpopulations within and among males over time, least-square means was used to explore temporal aspects, and the first derivative of the regression equations was used to calculate the rate of change for the motility parameters. Cluster analysis proved informative, but overlapping ephemeral clusters were not valuable for providing standardization options. Analysis of temporal aspects and rate of change indicated opportunities for standardization by reporting the overall motility-time functions or reporting during stable time windows instead of peak motility or at random times. These approaches could minimize the inconsistencies caused by male-to-male variation and dynamic changes of subpopulations while providing comparable information. An overall temporal framework was identified for motility reporting along the collection-processing-cryopreservation-thawing sequence to provide a basis to support efforts of community-level standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Blackburn
- National Animal Germplasm Program, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Leticia Torres
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Terrence R Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Restoring Genetic Resource through In Vitro Culturing Testicular Cells from the Cryo-Preserved Tissue of the American Shad ( Alosa sapidissima). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050790. [PMID: 35625518 PMCID: PMC9139001 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cryopreservation and in vitro culture of germ cells are key techniques for the genetic resource preservation of the declining population of American shad. Two types of cryopreserved samples, namely testis pieces and testicular cells of American shad, were comparatively analyzed for cell viability. The results showed that the cell viability of the cryopreserved testis pieces was much higher than that of the cryopreserved testicular cells. The viability of the cells from the cryopreserved testis pieces ranged from 65.2 ± 2.2 (%) to 93.8 ± 0.6 (%), whereas the viability of the dissociated cells after cryopreservation was 38.5 ± 0.8 (%) to 87.1 ± 2.6 (%). Moreover, the testicular cells isolated from the post-thaw testicular tissue could be cultured and propagated in vitro. Our findings would benefit further investigations on genetic resource preservation and other manipulations of germ cells in a commercially and ecologically important fish species. Abstract Germ cells, as opposed to somatic cells, can transmit heredity information between generations. Cryopreservation and in vitro culture of germ cells are key techniques for genetic resource preservation and cellular engineering breeding. In this study, two types of cryopreserved samples, namely testis pieces and testicular cells of American shad, were comparatively analyzed for cell viability. The results showed that the cell viability of the cryopreserved testis pieces was much higher than that of the cryopreserved testicular cells. The viability of cells from the cryopreserved testis pieces ranged from 65.2 ± 2.2 (%) to 93.8 ± 0.6 (%), whereas the viability of the dissociated cells after cryopreservation was 38.5 ± 0.8 (%) to 87.1 ± 2.6 (%). Intriguingly, the testicular cells from the post-thaw testicular tissue could be cultured in vitro. Likewise, most of the cultured cells exhibited germ cell properties and highly expressed Vasa and PCNA protein. This study is the first attempt to effectively preserve and culture the male germ cells through freezing tissues in the American shad. The findings of this study would benefit further investigations on genetic resource preservation and other manipulations of germ cells in a commercially and ecologically important fish species.
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Baskaran A, Kaari M, Venugopal G, Manikkam R, Joseph J, Bhaskar PV. Anti freeze proteins (Afp): Properties, sources and applications - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:292-305. [PMID: 34419548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extreme cold marine and freshwater temperatures (below 4 °C) induce massive deterioration to the cell membranes of organisms resulting in the formation of ice crystals, consequently causing organelle damage or cell death. One of the adaptive mechanisms organisms have evolved to thrive in cold environments is the production of antifreeze proteins with the functional capabilities to withstand frigid temperatures. Antifreeze proteins are extensively identified in different cold-tolerant species and they facilitate the persistence of cold-adapted organisms by decreasing the freezing point of their body fluids. Various structurally diverse types of antifreeze proteins detected possess the ability to modify ice crystal growth by thermal hysteresis and ice recrystallization inhibition. The unique properties of antifreeze proteins have made them a promising resource in industry, biomedicine, food storage and cryobiology. This review collates the findings of the various studies carried out in the past and the recent developments observed in the properties, functional mechanisms, classification, distinct sources and the ever-increasing applications of antifreeze proteins. This review also summarizes the possibilities of the way forward to identify new avenues of research on anti-freeze proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Baskaran
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manigundan Kaari
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopikrishnan Venugopal
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Manikkam
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jerrine Joseph
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parli V Bhaskar
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Vasco-da-Gama 403804, Goa, India
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Beirão J, Flengstad S, Babiak I. Spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) sperm cryopreservation in 5-mL cryovials. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:697-701. [PMID: 32613483 PMCID: PMC8225533 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor aquaculture, cryopreservation is used to secure sperm availability throughout the entire spawning season. Under current protocols, sperm is cryopreserved in 0.5-mL straws. This implies thawing a considerable number of straws for insemination with cryopreserved sperm. In this work, we scale up the spotted wolffish sperm cryopreservation procedure through the development of a protocol for sperm cryopreservation in 5-mL cryovials. Different freezing (distances from the liquid nitrogen surface) and thawing rates were tested. The best results were obtained with cryovials frozen at a distance of 1.5 cm from the liquid nitrogen surface and thawed either at 15 or 10 °C for 4 and 6 min, respectively. Under these conditions, similar percentage of motile cells, sperm velocity and percentage of viable cells were obtained in comparison with the sperm cryopreserved in the traditional 0.5-mL straws. This protocol will facilitate the process of insemination with cryopreserved sperm in the spotted wolffish hatcheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Beirão
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, NO-8049, Bodo, Norway.
| | - S Flengstad
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, NO-8049, Bodo, Norway
| | - I Babiak
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, NO-8049, Bodo, Norway
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Marinović Z, Šćekić I, Lujić J, Urbányi B, Horváth Á. The effects of cryopreservation and cold storage on sperm subpopulation structure of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Cryobiology 2021; 99:88-94. [PMID: 33450240 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to identify the presence of different spermatozoa subpopulations (SPs) according to their kinematic characteristics in the sperm of common carp and to test the effects of cryopreservation and prolonged (6-day) storage at room temperature (RT; 23 °C) and 4 °C on spermatozoa motility and subsequently on SP dynamics. Two-step clustering analyses identified three motile SPs based on their kinematic properties: SP1 contained spermatozoa with low velocity and low/moderate STR/LIN values (slow non-linear SP); SP2 was comprised of spermatozoa with high velocities and high STR/LIN values (fast linear SP); SP3 was characterized with high VCL, and moderate LIN/STR (fast non-linear SP); and an additional SP0 was added comprising immotile spermatozoa. Total motility, progressive motility and VCL decreased after cryopreservation to approximately 50% of their value in fresh sperm, while the frequency of SPs characterized by high values of motility parameters declined in favor of those with low motility values and SP0. Motility values of fresh and cryopreserved spermatozoa which were washed with fresh extender after thawing decreased significantly after 24 h of storage at RT and after 72 h of storage at 4 °C, while cryopreserved sperm which remained in the original cryomedium faced a steep decline in motility after only 2 h of storage. As subpopulation frequencies followed this dynamic, this indicates that cryopreserved sperm should be washed with fresh extender in order to obtain favorable sperm kinematic properties after freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Marinović
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly U. 1., H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Ilija Šćekić
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly U. 1., H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Jelena Lujić
- Center for Reproductive Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Béla Urbányi
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly U. 1., H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ákos Horváth
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly U. 1., H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
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Kristan J, Dadras H, Policar T. Optimization of short-term storage of pikeperch semen: an applicable approach. Animal 2020; 15:100001. [PMID: 33515997 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of semen with urine and asynchronous maturation of males and females are main obstacles in artificial reproduction of pikeperch Sander lucioperca. The objective of this study was to overcome these obstacles using optimization of a procedure for short-term storage of pikeperch semen at 4°C using two immobilizing media (IM): (a) IM1, 180mM NaCl, 2.68mM KCl, 1.36mM CaCl2⋅2H2O and 2.38mM NaHCO3, 343mOsm/kg; and (b) IM2, 200mM NaCl, 2.68mM KCl, 1.36mM CaCl2⋅2H2O and 2.38mM NaHCO3, 381mOsm/kg. Undiluted sperm was used as the control. At 6h poststorage, there were no substantial changes in spermatozoa motility and velocity at 30s postactivation in all groups. Over 48h of storage, the highest spermatozoa motility and velocity were obtained in sperm diluted in IM2 compared to the other groups. IM2 could maintain a significantly higher ATP content of diluted sperm than IM1 and undiluted treatment for 2days. Similarly, the highest values of eyeing and hatching rates were observed in sperm diluted in IM2 compared to sperm in the other studied groups. It can be concluded that the obtained result is a novel and applicable approach to maintain semen quality of pikeperch during short-term storage, suggesting IM2 as a promising medium for short-term storage. The present study also opens possibilities for ensuring a reliable source of semen as a convenient approach for increasing genetic diversity in hatcheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kristan
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Zatisi 728, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - H Dadras
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Zatisi 728, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - T Policar
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Zatisi 728, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
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Fakriadis I, Zanatta EM, Fleck RPDS, Sena Mateo DL, Papadaki M, Mylonas CC. Endocrine regulation of long-term enhancement of spermiation in meagre (Argyrosomus regius) with GnRHa controlled-delivery systems. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 297:113549. [PMID: 32679157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) undergo spermatogenesis and spermiation when reared in captivity, but often produce low milt volumes, sometimes with reduced quality and for a limited time period. In the present study we a) compared the efficiency of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) implants versus injections on testicular stimulation and spermiation enhancement, b) investigated the effect of GnRHa on the endocrine spermiation regulation (sex steroid hormones), and c) evaluated a commercial induced spawning simulation scenario. Firstly, males (n = 5) were injected with 15.0 ± 0.2 μg GnRHa kg-1 (Injections) or implanted with 51.0 ± 5.1 μg GnRHa kg-1 (Implant) and compared their sperm production response. Secondly, the best hormonal treatment (Implant) was tested treating males (n = 8) with 57.5 ± 7.5 μg GnRHa kg-1 every 3 weeks for a period of 70 days. Milt production was improved by the GnRHa implants with only minor sperm quality alterations (improved sperm motility percentage). Elevated plasma testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels were recorded in response to GnRHa implants, while no significant difference for 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20β-P) was observed. In the commercial induced spawning simulation, it was shown that meagre females are capable of on-demand induction of spawning at random intervals (5-21 days) using GnRHa injections, over a period of at least 2.5 months. During this period, spermiation enhancement was achieved with GnRHa implants every 3 weeks, producing sperm with stable, in general, quality and motility parameters. Percentage of motile cells, motility duration and density fluctuated significantly, but remained within levels that are considered appropriate for high fertilization success in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Fakriadis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece
| | - Eugenio Maria Zanatta
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece; University of Padua, Department of Biology, Padua, Italy
| | - Renata Pontes Dos Santos Fleck
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece; University of Algavre, Faro, Portugal
| | - Daybet Lorena Sena Mateo
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece; University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Papadaki
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece
| | - Constantinos C Mylonas
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece.
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Merino O, Dumorné K, Leidy SV, Figueroa E, Valdebenito I, Farías JG, Risopatrón J. Short-term storage sperm of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) at 4 °C: Effect of sperm: Extender dilution ratios and antioxidant butyl-hydroxytoluene (BHT) on sperm function. Cryobiology 2020; 95:44-50. [PMID: 32554155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Short-term storage of semen is a necessary key procedure in fish; it allows maximizing the use of gametes. Nevertheless, sperm quality decreases during storage has been associated with oxidative stress damage due to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) during storage. This study was designed to optimize a short-term storage protocol for Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) spermatozoa, evaluating the effect of extender dilution and the addition of butyl-hydroxytoluene (BHT) antioxidant on sperm function parameters. In the first experiment, fresh semen was diluted in Storfish®: extender dilution (1:2 and 1:3) and a control sample undiluted and stored at 4 °C for 7-days. In both experiments motility (MO), viability and integrity of plasma membrane, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and superoxide anion level (O2-) were evaluated at 0, 3 and 7 days. Result shows that, 1:3 dilution maintained a higher sperm function for a longer period time. In the second experiment, spermatozoa were suspended in Storfish® (1:3) supplemented with two different concentrations of BHT (1.0 mM and 2.0 mM) and a control sample without antioxidant and stored at 4 °C for 7 days. The results demonstrated that, antioxidant-supplemented samples greater MO than control samples (P < 0.05). The viability remained >75% during storage in all groups. MMP was higher in 2.0 mM BHT compared to 1.0 mM and control (P < 0.05), in addition, this concentration reduced O2- level (P < 0.05). In conclusion, sperm: extender dilution 1:3 and adding of 2.0 mM BHT in sperm storage extender may enhance protection sperm function in Oncorhynchus kisutch against effects harmful of the oxidative stress during the in vitro storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Merino
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Center of Excellence of Biotechnology in Reproduction (BIOREN-CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kelly Dumorné
- Center of Excellence of Biotechnology in Reproduction (BIOREN-CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Vicerectory for Research and Postgraduate Studies, Graduate Academic Direction, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sandoval-Vargas Leidy
- Doctoral Program in Agricultural Sciences. Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Elías Figueroa
- Nucleus of Research in Food Production, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Iván Valdebenito
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Nucleus of Research in Food Production, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge G Farías
- Center of Excellence of Biotechnology in Reproduction (BIOREN-CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jennie Risopatrón
- Center of Excellence of Biotechnology in Reproduction (BIOREN-CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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10
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Kommisrud E, Myromslien FD, Stenseth EB, Zeremichael TT, Hofman N, Grevle I, Sunde J. Viability, motility, ATP content and fertilizing potential of sperm from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in milt stored before cryopreservation. Theriogenology 2020; 151:58-65. [PMID: 32311601 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Artificial fertilization is increasingly used in aquaculture, mostly applying short-term cold stored milt. Large scale cryopreservation of milt could be valuable for increased flexibility and acceleration of breeding progress. The aim of this study was to assess viability, motility and ATP content of sperm from Atlantic salmon as a function of storage time, before and after cryopreservation. The objective was also to investigate whether in vitro parameters were associated with sperm fertilizing ability after cryopreservation. Milt from six mature Atlantic salmon males were collected twice, one week apart. The milt was stored undiluted at 5 °C in cell culture flasks for six days. Samples were taken on days 1, 3 and 6 of storage for cryopreservation. In total, 36 batches were diluted to a standardized sperm concentration of 2 × 109 spermatozoa/mL, filled into 0.5 mL French medium straws and cryopreserved. In vitro analyses were assessed on the same sample for the 72 combinations of male, collection week, days of storage and cold stored or frozen-thawed. Fertilization trials with cryopreserved milt were carried out for all 36 batches in triplicate for each combination of male, collection week, storage time and sperm:egg ratios of either 2 or 4 × 106 sperm per egg, respectively, totally 218 experimental units, including two egg controls. There was a significant influence of storage and collection week on sperm quality parameters, both cold stored and cryopreserved, and cryopreservation had a significant effect on all tested sperm quality parameters. High correlations for cold stored vs cryopreserved samples was demonstrated for ATP content (p < 0.00001), motility and velocity parameters (p < 0.001), but not for viability, straightness and linearity. The overall percentage of fertilization achieved was 73.9 ± 1.7%. Sperm collected in week 2 showed significantly lower fertility when cryopreserved after six days of storage than after 1 or 3 days for sperm to egg ratios of 2 × 106 (p < 0.005), while there was no such effect for milt collected in week 1. Several post-thaw sperm parameters were correlated to fertilization rates, while curvilinear velocity best explained variations in fertilization by modelling. Our results suggest that cryopreservation of Atlantic salmon milt should be performed soon after milt collection to maximize the cryopreserved sperm quality. Fertilization results seems not to be compromised by storage for three days before cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kommisrud
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway.
| | - Frøydis D Myromslien
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Else-Berit Stenseth
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Teklu T Zeremichael
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Nadine Hofman
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | | | - Jan Sunde
- Møreforsking Ålesund AS, Ålesund, Norway
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11
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Santana J, Cabrita E, Eggen B, Beirão J. Step by step optimization of a sperm cryopreservation protocol for spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor Olafsen, 1772). Theriogenology 2020; 149:16-24. [PMID: 32229351 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor reproduction in captivity is dependent on in vitro fertilization. However, low sperm volume with relatively low cell concentration and the lack of gametes synchronization (simultaneous availability of mature eggs and sperm) represent a challenge for the industry. Thus, the development of protocols for sperm storage are crucial. Four sequential experiments were conducted to optimize a sperm cryopreservation protocol for this species. First, three different cryoprotectants (DMSO; 1, 2-propanediol; and methanol) at different concentrations (5, 10, and 20%) were tested for their toxicity. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected between the control samples and cryoprotectants at concentration up to 10% DMSO, 10% propanediol, and 20% methanol in terms of motility parameters. Second, using the highest non-toxic concentrations of cryoprotectants, sperm was cryopreserved in 0.5 mL straws, at different distances from the liquid nitrogen (1.5, 2.5, 4.5, and 7.5 cm) that correspond to different freezing rates. Motility parameters after freezing/thawing decreased for all the cryoprotectants (p < 0.001), however, methanol had the lowest protective capacity while DMSO the highest. Afterwards, two different thawing rates (1 min at 5 °C; and 25 s at 10 °C) were tested using only 10% DMSO and 10% propanediol. Both for the DMSO and propanediol, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the two thawing rates. The best results were obtained using 10% DMSO. Finally, the fertilization capacity of cryopreserved sperm (10% DMSO and thawed at 5 °C for 1 min) was tested against fresh sperm using two spermatozoa:egg ratios and 4 h gametes contact time. The ratio of eggs with normal cell cleavage, abnormal cleavage or undeveloped were counted at the 2-4 cell stage. Cryopreserved sperm showed lower fertilization capacity at a concentration of 5 × 104 spermatozoa:egg compared with fresh sperm (p < 0.001). At a concentration of 5 × 105 spermatozoa:egg, similar fertilizations rates to the fresh sperm were obtained. The presence of the cryoprotectant DMSO during the 4 h contact time did not affect the fertilization rate or the percentage of embryos with abnormal cleavage (p > 0.05). To cryopreserve spotted wolffish sperm it is recommended to use 10% DMSO, loaded in 0.5 mL straws, freeze at a height between 4.5 (-14.05 °C/min) and 7.5 cm (-5.9 °C/min) from liquid nitrogen for 10 min and thaw for 1 min at 5 °C (177.9 °C/min). In vitro fertilization with cryopreserved sperm should be performed with a concentration of at least 5 × 105 spermatozoa per egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Santana
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway; CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - E Cabrita
- CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - B Eggen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway
| | - J Beirão
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway.
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12
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Ibanescu I, Siuda M, Bollwein H. Motile sperm subpopulations in bull semen using different clustering approaches - Associations with flow cytometric sperm characteristics and fertility. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 215:106329. [PMID: 32216932 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There are sperm subpopulations (SPs) with different kinematic characteristics in various species, however, biological relevance of these SPs is still uncertain. The objective of the present study was to investigate associations of motile sperm SPs with sperm characteristics determined by evaluations with flow cytometry and assessment of bull fertility, using multiple approaches for sperm clustering. Semen from 24 bulls was evaluated concomitantly using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and flow cytometry before freezing and after thawing. Motile SPs were determined utilizing two acknowledged clustering methods (TwoStep and K-Means) and one customized method. With the customized method, there was utilization of mean values of sperm velocity and linearity as thresholds for direct assignment of motile spermatozoa into four SPs. Regardless of approach for identifying SPs, sperm quality, as determined using flow cytometry, was correlated particularly with the subpopulation (SP) of fast and linear spermatozoa immediately after thawing and with the SP of fast and nonlinear spermatozoa before freezing and 3 h after thawing. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between proportion of spermatozoa with fast and nonlinear movements before freezing and bull non-return to estrous rates. These results indicate that with different sperm SPs, there are different biological implications which can be evaluated to gain useful information concerning semen quality as determined using flow cytometry and fertility. Furthermore, determining SPs by assigning motile spermatozoa into clusters based on a combination of "below and "above" threshold values for sperm velocity and linearity might be considered a practical alternative to otherwise intricate clustering procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulian Ibanescu
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland; Besamungsverein Neustadt a. d. Aisch e.V., Karl-Eibl-Strasse 23, 91413, Neustadt an der Aisch, Germany.
| | - Mathias Siuda
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Fish sperm competition in hatcheries and between wild and hatchery origin fish in nature. Theriogenology 2020; 133:201-209. [PMID: 31155035 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Males compete pre- and post-mating to fertilize the maximum number of eggs. In polyandry, sperm competition occurs when sperm from two or more males compete to fertilize eggs from a female. Here we review how sperm competition from hatchery origin fish can cause loss of genetic variability in fish populations kept in captivity and in wild populations. In fish hatchery practices, sperm competition occurs in mass spawners that release gametes in tanks, and in artificial fertilizations when pooled semen is used. In mass spawnings sperm competition is difficult to tease apart from pre-mating competition and other post-mating selective mechanisms, whereas, studies focused on the use of pooled semen in different fish species have shown a clear relationship between sperm motility parameters and precedence in fertilization. In both situations, sperm competition will result in a loss of genetic variability that accumulates over generations, but hatchery protocols can be adjusted to mitigate it. Another source of concern regarding sperm competition for hatchery produced fish is the spatial and temporal overlap in spawning with wild individuals, either via aquaculture escapees or purposeful stocking programs. This may result in sperm competition between hatchery origin and wild males and impact natural populations. Our review suggests that in order to give every adult selected as broodstock an equal opportunity to produce offspring in captivity, mass spawning and the use of pooled semen should be limited.
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14
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Gallego V, Asturiano JF. Sperm motility in fish: technical applications and perspectives through CASA-Mot systems. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019. [PMID: 29518349 DOI: 10.1071/rd17460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a relatively high number of sperm quality biomarkers have been reported over the years in several fish species, sperm motility is nowadays considered the best biomarker for fish spermatozoa. The first scientific reports focusing on fish sperm motility date from a century ago, but the objective assessment allowed by computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA-Mot) systems was not applied to fish species until the mid-1980s. Since then, a high number of sperm kinetic parameters from more than 170 fish species have been reported in more than 700 scientific articles, covering a wide range of topics, such as sperm physiology, sperm storage, broodstock management, the phenomenon of sperm competition, ecotoxicology and understanding the life cycle of the species. The sperm kinetic parameters provided by CASA-Mot systems can serve as powerful and useful tools for aquaculture and ecological purposes, and this review provides an overview of the major research areas in which fish sperm motility assessment by a CASA-Mot system has been used successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gallego
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - J F Asturiano
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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15
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Robles V, Valcarce DG, Riesco MF. The Use of Antifreeze Proteins in the Cryopreservation of Gametes and Embryos. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E181. [PMID: 31075977 PMCID: PMC6571776 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cryopreservation of gametes and embryos is a technique widely used in reproductive biology. This technology helps in the reproductive management of domesticated animals, and it is an important tool for gene banking and for human-assisted reproductive technologies. Antifreeze proteins are naturally present in several organisms exposed to subzero temperatures. The ability for these proteins to inhibit ice recrystallization together with their ability to interact with biological membranes makes them interesting molecules to be used in cryopreservation protocols. This mini-review provides a general overview about the use of antifreeze proteins to improve the short and long term storage of gametes and embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Robles
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Santander, 39012, Spain.
- MODCELL GROUP, Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - David G Valcarce
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Santander, 39012, Spain.
| | - Marta F Riesco
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Santander, 39012, Spain.
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16
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Beirão J, Litt MA, Purchase CF. Chemically-dispersed crude oil and dispersant affects sperm fertilizing ability, but not sperm swimming behaviour in capelin (Mallotus villosus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:521-528. [PMID: 29883953 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the embryonic and larval life stages of teleosts have been extensively examined. However, very little work has been conducted on how spilled oil affects fish sperm and there is no related knowledge concerning oil dispersing agents. The objective of our study was to determine sperm performance of a teleost fish under direct exposure to different concentrations of WAF (water accommodated fraction) and CEWAF (chemically enhanced water accommodated fraction). Capelin sperm motility, swimming behaviour, and sperm fertilization ability were evaluated in a scenario of an oil spill untreated (WAF) and treated (CEWAF) with the dispersant Corexit® EC9500A. Sperm fertilizing ability was lower when exposed to CEWAF concentrations of 16.1 × 103 μg/L total petroleum hydrocarbons and 47.9 μg/L PAH, and when exposed to the dispersant alone. The mechanism responsible for this reduced fertilizing ability is not clear. However, it is not related to the percentage of motile sperm or sperm swimming behaviour, as these were unaffected. WAF did not alter sperm swimming characteristics nor the fertilizing ability. We suggest the dispersant rather than the dispersed oil is responsible for the decrease in the sperm fertilizing ability and hypothesize that the surfactants present in the dispersant affect sperm membrane functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Beirão
- Biology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada; Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, NO - 8049, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Margaret A Litt
- Biology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Craig F Purchase
- Biology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
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17
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Influence of cooling temperature in sperm subpopulations of domestic cats. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 189:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Caldeira C, García-Molina A, Valverde A, Bompart D, Hassane M, Martin P, Soler C. Comparison of sperm motility subpopulation structure among wild anadromous and farmed male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr using a CASA system. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:897-906. [DOI: 10.1071/rd17466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an endangered freshwater species that needs help to recover its wild stocks. However, the priority in aquaculture is to obtain successful fertilisation and genetic variability to secure the revival of the species. The aims of the present work were to study sperm subpopulation structure and motility patterns in wild anadromous males and farmed male Atlantic salmon parr. Salmon sperm samples were collected from wild anadromous salmon (WS) and two generations of farmed parr males. Sperm samples were collected from sexually mature males and sperm motility was analysed at different times after activation (5 and 35 s). Differences among the three groups were analysed using statistical techniques based on Cluster analysis the Bayesian method. Atlantic salmon were found to have three sperm subpopulations, and the spermatozoa in ejaculates of mature farmed parr males had a higher velocity and larger size than those of WS males. This could be an adaptation to high sperm competition because salmonid species are naturally adapted to this process. Motility analysis enables us to identify sperm subpopulations, and it may be useful to correlate these sperm subpopulations with fertilisation ability to test whether faster-swimming spermatozoa have a higher probability of success.
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19
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Baust JM, Campbell LH, Harbell JW. Best practices for cryopreserving, thawing, recovering, and assessing cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 53:855-871. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Boryshpolets S, Sochorová D, Rodina M, Linhart O, Dzyuba B. Cryopreservation of Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Sperm: Impact of Seeding and Freezing Rates on Post–Thaw Outputs. Biopreserv Biobank 2017; 15:234-240. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2016.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Boryshpolets
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Sochorová
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Rodina
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Otomar Linhart
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Borys Dzyuba
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
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22
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Martínez-Páramo S, Horváth Á, Labbé C, Zhang T, Robles V, Herráez P, Suquet M, Adams S, Viveiros A, Tiersch TR, Cabrita E. Cryobanking of aquatic species. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 472:156-177. [PMID: 29276317 PMCID: PMC5737826 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on the applications of genome cryobanking of aquatic species including freshwater and marine fish, as well as invertebrates. It also reviews the latest advances in cryobanking of model species, widely used by the scientific community worldwide, because of their applications in several fields. The state of the art of cryopreservation of different cellular types (sperm, oocytes, embryos, somatic cells and primordial germ cells or early spermatogonia) is discussed focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure according to different applications. A special review on the need of standardization of protocols has also been carried out. In summary, this comprehensive review provides information on the practical details of applications of genome cryobanking in a range of aquatic species worldwide, including the cryobanks established in Europe, USA, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand, the species and type of cells that constitute these banks and the utilization of the samples preserved. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE This review compiles the last advances on germplasm cryobanking of freshwater and marine fish species and invertebrates, with high value for commercial aquaculture or conservation. It is reviewed the most promising cryopreservation protocols for different cell types, embryos and larvae that could be applied in programs for genetic improvement, broodstock management or conservation of stocks to guarantee culture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Martínez-Páramo
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ákos Horváth
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Catherine Labbé
- INRA, Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, United Kingdom
| | - Vanesa Robles
- IEO, Spanish Oceanographic Institute, Santander Oceanographic Centre, El Bocal, Barrio Corbanera s/n Bocal, 39012 Monte, Santander, Spain
| | - Paz Herráez
- Department of Molecular Biology and INDEGSAL, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Marc Suquet
- IFREMER, PFOM Dept, Stn Expt Argenton, UMR, 6539 Argenton, France
| | - Serean Adams
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Private Bag 3123, Ruakura, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Ana Viveiros
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Terrence R. Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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23
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Fish sperm subpopulations: Changes after cryopreservation process and relationship with fertilization success in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Theriogenology 2016; 87:16-24. [PMID: 27616215 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fish tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is the native Brazilian fish with the highest agricultural production under intensive aquaculture in South America. However, the decrease in the genetic variability in fish farms has become necessary the improvement of cryopreservation process through new statistical studies of spermatozoa (like subpopulation studies). The evaluation of the kinetic data obtained with a computer-assisted sperm analysis system, applying a two-step cluster analysis, yielded in tambaqui three different subpopulations in fresh sperm: SP1, considered as a slow nonlinear subpopulation; SP2, considered as a fast nonlinear subpopulation, and finally; SP3, considered as a fast linear subpopulation. For cryopreserved sperm, the cluster analysis yielded only two sperm subpopulations: SP1', considered as a slow nonlinear subpopulation and SP2', which seemed to be an intermediate subpopulation (showing medium motility and velocity values) merged from SP2 and SP3 obtained from fresh sperm. Coefficients of correlation (r) and determination (r2) between the sperm subpopulations from fresh sperm and the fertilization rates were calculated, and SP2 and SP3 (the fast-spermatozoa subpopulations) showed a high-positive correlation with the fertilization rates (r = 0.93 and 0.79, respectively). In addition, the positive significant correlations found in curvilinear velocity (r = 0.78), straight line velocity (r = 0.57), and average velocity (r = 0.75) indicate that sperm kinetic features seem to be a key factor in the fertilization process in tambaqui, as occur in other fish species.
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24
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Fabbrocini A, D'Adamo R, Del Prete F, Maurizio D, Specchiulli A, Oliveira LFJ, Silvestri F, Sansone G. The sperm motility pattern in ecotoxicological tests. The CRYO-Ecotest as a case study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 123:53-59. [PMID: 26318919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in environmental stressors inevitably lead to an increasing need for innovative and more flexible monitoring tools. The aim of this work has been the characterization of the motility pattern of the cryopreserved sea bream semen after exposure to a dumpsite leachate sample, for the identification of the best representative parameters to be used as endpoints in an ecotoxicological bioassay. Sperm motility has been evaluated either by visual and by computer-assisted analysis; parameters concerning motility on activation and those describing it in the times after activation (duration parameters) have been assessed, discerning them in terms of sensitivity, reliability and methodology of assessment by means of multivariate analyses. The EC50 values of the evaluated endpoints ranged between 2.3 and 4.5ml/L, except for the total motile percentage (aTM, 7.0ml/L), which proved to be the less sensitive among all the tested parameters. According to the multivariate analyses, a difference in sensitivity among "activation" endpoints in respect of "duration" ones can be inferred; on the contrary, endpoints seem to be equally informative either describing total motile sperm or the rapid sub-population, as well as the assessment methodology seems to be not discriminating. In conclusion, the CRYO-Ecotest is a multi-endpoint bioassay that can be considered a promising innovative ecotoxicological tool, characterized by a high plasticity, as its endpoints can be easy tailored each time according to the different needs of the environmental quality assessment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Fabbrocini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine, UOS Lesina (FG), Italy.
| | - Raffaele D'Adamo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine, UOS Lesina (FG), Italy
| | | | - Daniela Maurizio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine, UOS Lesina (FG), Italy
| | | | - Luis F J Oliveira
- Instituto Oceanográfico - USP, São Paulo, Brazil; The Capes Foundation - Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fausto Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi Federico II, Napoli, Italy; FIPERJ - Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Centro Angra dos Reis (RJ), Brazil
| | - Giovanni Sansone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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25
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Gil Anaya MC, Calle F, Pérez CJ, Martín-Hidalgo D, Fallola C, Bragado MJ, García-Marín LJ, Oropesa AL. A new Bayesian network-based approach to the analysis of sperm motility: application in the study of tench (Tinca tinca) semen. Andrology 2015; 3:956-66. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Gil Anaya
- Research Team of Intracellular Signaling and Technology of Reproduction (SINTREP); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - F. Calle
- Biostatistics Unit; Department of Mathematics; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - C. J. Pérez
- Biostatistics Unit; Department of Mathematics; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - D. Martín-Hidalgo
- Research Team of Intracellular Signaling and Technology of Reproduction (SINTREP); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - C. Fallola
- Aquaculture Center; Dirección General de Medio Natural; Gobierno de Extremadura; Badajoz Spain
| | - M. J. Bragado
- Research Team of Intracellular Signaling and Technology of Reproduction (SINTREP); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - L. J. García-Marín
- Research Team of Intracellular Signaling and Technology of Reproduction (SINTREP); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - A. L. Oropesa
- Toxicology Area; Animal Health Department; Sciences Faculty; University of Extremadura; Badajoz Spain
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26
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Liu Q, Wang X, Wang W, Zhang X, Xu S, Ma D, Xiao Z, Xiao Y, Li J. Effect of the addition of six antioxidants on sperm motility, membrane integrity and mitochondrial function in red seabream (Pagrus major) sperm cryopreservation. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:413-422. [PMID: 25255938 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was to evaluate the effects of six antioxidants on frozen-thawed sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity and mitochondrial function in red seabream (Pagrus major) by computer-assisted sperm analysis system and flow cytometry, respectively. All the parameters tested in this study were determined using one-way ANOVA and identified using the SNK test (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that on the first day, the highest motility and longevity occurred in 100 mM trehalose (78.34 ± 3.41%, 29 ± 4.00 days) and 50 mM taurine (77.46 ± 1.54%, 29.33 ± 4.04 days), followed by 25 mM vitamin C (79.03 ± 5.37 %, 17 ± 1.00 days), 25 mM vitamin E (69.64 ± 1.64%, 27.67 ± 1.53 days) and 25 mM vitamin A (78.89 ± 2.81%, 9.33 ± 1.53 days), which were all higher than frozen-thawed sperm without antioxidant (control) (66.80 ± 5.55, 5.67 ± 1.15 days). Especially, the percentages of class A sperm with the addition of 100 mM trehalose (40.39 ± 5.20%) and 50 mM taurine (37.78 ± 3.22%) were significantly improved compared to the control (19.63 ± 5.44%). The viability of all groups on the third and sixth day showed a similar trend. Moreover, during the 4 °C storage process, the decrease of frozen-thawed sperm motility was closely associated with the decrease in membrane integrity and mitochondrial function. In conclusion, the present study indicated that antioxidant (100 mM trehalose and 50 mM taurine) provided the most pronounced protective effect in improving frozen-thawed quality of red seabream sperm. The addition of antioxidant may be capable of scavenging the ROS generated during the cryopreservation process and 4 °C storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Liu
- Center of Biotechnology R&D, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
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Gallego V, Vílchez MC, Peñaranda DS, Pérez L, Herráez MP, Asturiano JF, Martínez-Pastor F. Subpopulation pattern of eel spermatozoa is affected by post-activation time, hormonal treatment and the thermal regimen. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 27:529-43. [DOI: 10.1071/rd13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a marked reduction in natural stocks of eels (genus Anguilla) over the past 60 years, and the culture of eels is still based on the capture of very large quantities of juveniles. It is necessary to close the life cycle in captivity in order to ease the pressure on wild populations. The aims of the present study were to evaluate sperm subpopulations (through cluster analysis of computer-aided sperm analysis data) in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and to assess the effects of motility acquisition time after activation (i.e. at 30, 60 and 90 s), the thermal regimen (i.e. 10°C (T10) or 15°C (T15) and up to 20°C, or constant at 20°C (T20)) and hormonal treatments (i.e. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), recombinant (r) hCG or pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG)) on these subpopulations. In all cases, we obtained three subpopulations of spermatozoa: low velocity and linear (S1); high velocity with low linearity (S2); and high velocity and linear (S3; considered high quality). Total motility and S1 were affected by acquisition time; thus, 30 s is recommended as the standard time for motility acquisition. When eels were kept at 20°C (T20), motility data fitted quadratic models, with the highest motility and proportion of S3 between Weeks 8 and 12 after the first injection. Lower temperatures (T10, T15) delayed spermiation and the obtaining of high-quality spermatozoa (S3), but did not seem to alter the spermiation process (similar subpopulation pattern). Conversely, the hormonal treatments altered both the dynamics of the subpopulation pattern and the onset of spermiation (with PMSG delaying it). Total motility and the yield of S3 with the widely used hCG treatment varied throughout the spermiation period. However, using rhCG allowed us to obtain high-quality and constant motility for most of the study (Weeks 7–20), and the S3 yield was also higher overall (61.8 ± 1.3%; mean ± s.e.m.) and more stable over time than the other hormonal treatments (averaging 53.0 ± 1.4%). Using T20 and rhCG would be more economical and practical, allowing us to obtain a higher number of S3 spermatozoa over an extended time.
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Fabbrocini A, D’Adamo R, Pelosi S, Oliveira LF, Silvestri F, Sansone G. Gamete cryobanks for laboratory research: Developing a rapid and easy-to-perform protocol for the cryopreservation of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lmk, 1816) spermatozoa. Cryobiology 2014; 69:149-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Zilli L, Beirão J, Schiavone R, Herraez MP, Gnoni A, Vilella S. Comparative proteome analysis of cryopreserved flagella and head plasma membrane proteins from sea bream spermatozoa: effect of antifreeze proteins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99992. [PMID: 24941006 PMCID: PMC4062426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation induces injuries to fish spermatozoa that in turn affect sperm quality in terms of fertilization ability, motility, DNA and protein integrity and larval survival. To reduce the loss of sperm quality due to freezing-thawing, it is necessary to improve these procedures. In the present study we investigated the ability of two antifreeze proteins (AFPI and AFPIII) to reduce the loss of quality of sea bream spermatozoa due to cryopreservation. To do so, we compared viability, motility, straight-line velocity and curvilinear velocity of fresh and (AFPs)-cryopreserved spermatozoa. AFPIII addition to cryopreservation medium improved viability, motility and straight-line velocity with respect to DMSO or DMSO plus AFPI. To clarify the molecular mechanism(s) underlying these findings, the protein profile of two different cryopreserved sperm domains, flagella and head plasma membranes, was analysed. The protein profiles differed between fresh and frozen-thawed semen and results of the image analysis demonstrated that, after cryopreservation, out of 270 proteins 12 were decreased and 7 were increased in isolated flagella, and out of 150 proteins 6 showed a significant decrease and 4 showed a significant increase in head membranes. Mass spectrometry analysis identified 6 proteins (4 from isolated flagella and 2 present both in flagella and head plasma membranes) within the protein spots affected by the freezing-thawing procedure. 3 out of 4 proteins from isolated flagella were involved in the sperm bioenergetic system. Our results indicate that the ability of AFPIII to protect sea bream sperm quality can be, at least in part, ascribed to reducing changes in the sperm protein profile occurring during the freezing-thawing procedure. Our results clearly demonstrated that AFPIII addition to cryopreservation medium improved the protection against freezing respect to DMSO or DMSO plus AFPI. In addition we propose specific proteins of spermatozoa as markers related to the procedures of fish sperm cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Zilli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - José Beirão
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Roberta Schiavone
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Gnoni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Vilella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Melatonin-mediated effects on killifish reproductive axis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 172:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Trigo P, Merino O, Figueroa E, Valdebenito I, Sánchez R, Risopatrón J. Effect of short-term semen storage in salmon (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on sperm functional parameters evaluated by flow cytometry. Andrologia 2014; 47:407-11. [PMID: 24717099 DOI: 10.1111/and.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The short-term storage of salmonid semen is a viable method for in vitro fertilisation. Previous studies have found that short-term storage affects sperm motility, compromising quality and fertilising capacity. However, the functional characteristics of the spermatozoa of O. mykiss during storage time and its relation to the spawning period are little known. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of in vitro short-term storage on sperm functional parameters in O. mykiss, determined by flow cytometry. Semen samples of the first spawning - undiluted (SSD) and diluted (SD) (Storfish(®) 1 : 2v/v; IMV AI solutions, France) - were stored at 4 °C for 14 days. Motility, viability (PMI: plasma membrane integrity) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM) were assessed. On the fifth day of storage, spermatozoa showed a motility >70% (SSD: 78.3% versus SD 85.0%), PMI (81.5% SSD/87.2% SD) and ΔΨM (72.5% SSD/SD 80.0%) (P < 0.05). However, a significant decline in the percentage of all functional parameters (P < 0.05) was observed after 5 days of storage for all samples of both undiluted (SSD) and diluted semen. In conclusion, the results here provide new data on O. mykiss sperm quality with respect to in vitro short-term storage evaluated by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Trigo
- Center of Biotechnology in Reproduction (CEBIOR-BIOREN), La Frontera University, Temuco, Chile
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Weber GM, Lee CS. Current and future assisted reproductive technologies for fish species. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 752:33-76. [PMID: 24170354 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8887-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that in 2012 aquaculture production of fish will meet or exceed that of the capture fisheries for the first time. Thus, we have just turned the corner from a predominantly hunting gathering approach to meeting our nutritional needs from fish, to a farming approach. In 2012, 327 finfish species and five hybrids were covered by FAO aquaculture statistics, although farming of carps, tilapias, salmonids, and catfishes account for most of food-fish production from aquaculture. Although for most major species at least part of production is based on what might be considered domesticated animals, only limited production in most species is based on farming of improved lines of fish or is fully independent of wild seedstock. Consistent with the infancy of most aquaculture industries, much of the development and implementation of reproductive technologies over the past 100 years has been directed at completion of the life cycle in captivity in order to increase seed production and begin the process of domestication. The selection of species to farm and the emphasis of selective breeding must also take into account other ways to modify performance of an animal. Reproductive technologies have also been developed and implemented to affect many performance traits among fishes. Examples include technologies to control gender, alter time of sexual maturation, and induce sterilization. These technologies help take advantage of sexually dimorphic growth, overcome problems with growth performance and flesh quality associated with sexual maturation, and genetic containment. Reproductive technologies developed to advance aquaculture and how these technologies have been implemented to advance various sectors of the aquaculture industry are discussed. Finally, we will present some thoughts regarding future directions for reproductive technologies and their applications in finfish aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Weber
- National Center for Cool and Coldwater Aquaculture, ARS/USDA, 11861 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA,
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Fabbrocini A, D'Adamo R, Del Prete F, Langellotti AL, Rinna F, Silvestri F, Sorrenti G, Vitiello V, Sansone G. Cryopreserved semen in ecotoxicological bioassays: sensitivity and reliability of cryopreserved Sparus aurata spermatozoa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 84:293-298. [PMID: 22889497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using cryopreserved S. aurata semen in spermiotoxicity tests. Cryopreservation is a biotechnology that can provide viable gametes and embryos on demand, rather than only in the spawning season, thus overcoming a limitation that has hindered the use of some species in ecotoxicological bioassays. Firstly, the sperm motility pattern of cryopreserved semen was evaluated after thawing by means of both visual and computer-assisted analyses. Motility parameters in the cryopreserved semen did not change significantly in the first hour after thawing, meaning that they were maintained for long enough to enable their use in spermiotoxicity tests. In the second phase of the research, bioassays were performed, using cadmium as the reference toxicant, in order to evaluate the sensitivity of cryopreserved S. aurata semen to ecotoxicological contamination. The sensitivity of the sperm motility parameters used as endpoints (motility percentages and velocities) proved to be comparable to what has been recorded for the fresh semen of other aquatic species (LOECs from 0.02 to 0.03 mg L(-1)). The test showed good reliability and was found to be rapid and easy to perform, requiring only a small volume of the sample. Moreover, cryopreserved semen is easy to store and transfer and makes it possible to perform bioassays in different sites or at different times with the same batch of semen. The proposed bioassay is therefore a promising starting point for the development of toxicity tests that are increasingly tailored to the needs of ecotoxicology and environmental quality evaluation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Fabbrocini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine, via Pola, 4, 71010 Lesina, Foggia, Italy.
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Maroto-Morales A, Ramón M, García-Álvarez O, Soler A, Fernández-Santos M, Roldan E, Gomendio M, Pérez-Guzmán M, Garde J. Morphometrically-distinct sperm subpopulations defined by a multistep statistical procedure in Ram ejaculates: intra- and interindividual variation. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1529-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Comparison of two techniques for the morphometry study on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) spermatozoa and evaluation of changes induced by cryopreservation. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1078-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Martínez-Páramo S, Diogo P, Dinis MT, Herráez MP, Sarasquete C, Cabrita E. Sea bass sperm freezability is influenced by motility variables and membrane lipid composition but not by membrane integrity and lipid peroxidation. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 131:211-8. [PMID: 22503480 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreserved sperm quality depends on the characteristics of fresh sperm. Thus, it is necessary to establish a group of variables to predict the cryopreservation potential of the fresh samples with the aim of optimizing resources. Motility, viability, lipid peroxidation and lipid profile of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) sperm were determined before and after cryopreservation to establish which variables more accurately predict the sperm cryopreservation potential in this species. Cryopreservation compromised sperm quality, expressed as a reduction of motility (46.5 ± 2.0% to 35.3 ± 2.5%; P<0.01) and viability (91.3 ± 0.7% to 69.9 ± 1.6%; P<0.01), and produced an increase in lipid peroxidation (2.4 ± 0.4 to 4.0 ± 0.4 μmoles MDA/mill spz; P<0.01). Also, significant changes were observed in the lipid composition before and after freezing, resulting in a reduction in the cholesterol/phospholipids ratio (1.4 ± 0.1 to 1.1 ± 0.0; P<0.01), phosphatidylcholine (47.7 ± 0.8% to 44.2 ± 0.8%; P<0.01) and oleic acid (8.7 ± 0.2% to 8.3 ± 0.2%; P<0.05) in cryopreserved sperm, as well as an increase in lysophosphatidylcholine (4.4 ± 0.3% to 4.8 ± 0.3%; P<0.01) and C24:1n9 fatty acid (0.5 ± 0.1% to 0.6 ± 0.1%; P<0.05). Motility, velocity, cholesterol/phospholipids ratio, monounsaturated fatty acids and the n3/n6 ratio were positively correlated (P<0.05) before and after freezing, whereas, viability and lipid peroxidation were not correlated. Motility and the cholesterol/phospholipids (CHO/PL) ratio were negatively correlated (P<0.05) with each other and the CHO/PL ratio was positively correlated (P<0.05) with lipid peroxidation. Therefore, the results demonstrated that motility and plasma membrane lipid composition (CHO/PL) were the most desirable variables determined in fresh samples to predict cryo-resistance in European sea bass sperm, taking into account the effect of both on cryopreserved sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martínez-Páramo
- CCMAR-Center for Marine Science, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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37
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Kanuga M, Drew R, Wilson-Leedy J, Ingermann R. Subpopulation distribution of motile sperm relative to activation medium in steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Theriogenology 2012; 77:916-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ramón M, Martínez-Pastor F, García-Álvarez O, Maroto-Morales A, Soler AJ, Jiménez-Rabadán P, Fernández-Santos MR, Bernabéu R, Garde JJ. Taking advantage of the use of supervised learning methods for characterization of sperm population structure related with freezability in the Iberian red deer. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1661-72. [PMID: 22341709 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using Iberian red deer as a model, this study presents a supervised learning method, the Support Vector Machines (SVM), to characterize sperm population structure related with freezability. Male freezability was assessed by evaluating motility, membrane status and mitochondrial membrane potential of sperm after a freezing-thawing procedure. The SVM model was generated using sperm motility information captured by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) from thawed semen, belonging to six stags with marked differences on their freezability. A total of 1369 sperm tracks were recorded for seven kinematic parameters and assigned to four motility patterns based on them: weak motile, progressive, transitional and hyperactivated-like. Then, these data were split in two sets: the training set, used to train the SVM model, and the testing set, used to examine how the SVM method and three other unsupervised methods, a non-hierarchical, a hierarchical and a multistep clustering procedures, performed the sperm classification into subpopulations. The SVM was revealed as the most accurate method in the characterization of sperm subpopulations, showing all the sperm subpopulations obtained in this way high significant correlations with those sperm parameters used to characterize freezability of males. Given its superiority, the SVM method was used to characterize the sperm motile subpopulations in Iberian red deer. Sperm motile data from frozen-thawed semen belonging to 25 stags were recorded and loaded into the SVM model. The sperm population structure revealed that those males showing poor freezability were characterized by high percentages of sperm with a weak motility pattern. In opposite, males showing good freezability were characterized by higher percentages of sperm with a progressive and hyperactivated-like motility pattern and lower percentages of sperm with a weak motile pattern. We also identified a sperm subpopulation with a transitional motility pattern. This subpopulation increased as the freezability of males improved, and may be used as indicative of overall sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramón
- Biology of Reproduction Group, National Wildlife Research Institute (IREC) UCLM-CSIC-JCCM, 02071, Albacete, Spain.
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Beirão J, Zilli L, Vilella S, Cabrita E, Schiavone R, Herráez MP. Improving Sperm Cryopreservation with Antifreeze Proteins: Effect on Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Plasma Membrane Lipids1. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:59. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.093401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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