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Al-Hammadi M, Güngörmüşler M. New insights into Chlorella vulgaris applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1486-1502. [PMID: 38343183 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a big challenge that has been faced by humans in contemporary life. In this context, fossil fuel, cement production, and plastic waste pose a direct threat to the environment and biodiversity. One of the prominent solutions is the use of renewable sources, and different organisms to valorize wastes into green energy and bioplastics such as polylactic acid. Chlorella vulgaris, a microalgae, is a promising candidate to resolve these issues due to its ease of cultivation, fast growth, carbon dioxide uptake, and oxygen production during its growth on wastewater along with biofuels, and other productions. Thus, in this article, we focused on the potential of Chlorella vulgaris to be used in wastewater treatment, biohydrogen, biocement, biopolymer, food additives, and preservation, biodiesel which is seen to be the most promising for industrial scale, and related biorefineries with the most recent applications with a brief review of Chlorella and polylactic acid market size to realize the technical/nontechnical reasons behind the cost and obstacles that hinder the industrial production for the mentioned applications. We believe that our findings are important for those who are interested in scientific/financial research about microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Hammadi
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Mine Güngörmüşler
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Türkiye
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2
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Behzadi M, Akbarzadeh M, Mohammadi Sartang M, Rabiee M, Bideshki MV. Effect of carotenoid supplementation on blood pressure in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2024:nuad172. [PMID: 38219250 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypertension (HTN) is regarded as a serious public health issue throughout the world. High blood pressure (BP) may be improved by carotenoid supplementation; however, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide conflicting evidence. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of carotenoid supplementation on BP in RCTs by systematically review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive literature search was performed in the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases until October 2023, with no limitation on the date or language of publication. DATA EXTRACTION Studies that evaluated the net effects of carotenoids in the form of supplements on BP in adults were selected. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated on the basis of a fixed or random-effects model. Sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, publication bias, and heterogeneity were assessed using standard methods. Cochrane quality assessments were used to evaluate the included studies' bias risks. Evidence certainty was calculated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework). DATA ANALYSIS Reports on a total of 19 RCTs involving 1151 participants were included in this review. Carotenoid supplementation significantly reduced the systolic BP (SBP) (WMD, -2.492 mmHg; 95%CI, -4.52, -0.47; P = 0.016) and diastolic BP (DBP) (WMD, -1.60 mmHg; 95%CI, -2.73, -0.47; P = 0.005). Greater effects were observed in Asian participants, those aged >50 years, nonhealthy participants, and participants with a baseline SBP ≥130 mmHg and DBP ≥80 mmHg, at dose >10 mg. Dose-response analysis showed that carotenoid supplementation decreased SBP and DBP levels at doses of, respectively, 0-25 and 0-20 mg/d. Evidence for all SBP, DBP, and heart rate values was high quality. CONCLUSIONS Carotenoid supplementation had a beneficial effect on BP parameters, especially in nonhealthy study participants with high BP baseline levels. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NO CRD42023402740.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Behzadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Akbarzadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi Sartang
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Rabiee
- Department of Sport Sciences, International Division, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vesal Bideshki
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Wu JY, Tso R, Teo HS, Haldar S. The utility of algae as sources of high value nutritional ingredients, particularly for alternative/complementary proteins to improve human health. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1277343. [PMID: 37904788 PMCID: PMC10613476 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1277343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global population continues to grow, the demand for dietary protein is rapidly increasing, necessitating the exploration of sustainable and nutritious protein sources. Algae has emerged as a promising food source due to their high value ingredients such as proteins, as well as for their environmental sustainability and abundance. However, knowledge gaps surrounding dietary recommendations and food applications restrict algae's utilization as a viable protein source. This review aims to address these gaps by assessing the suitability of both microalgae and macroalgae as alternative/complementary protein sources and exploring their potential applications in food products. The first section examines the potential suitability of algae as a major food source by analyzing the composition and bioavailability of key components in algal biomass, including proteins, lipids, dietary fiber, and micronutrients. Secondly, the biological effects of algae, particularly their impact on metabolic health are investigated with an emphasis on available clinical evidence. While evidence reveals protective effects of algae on glucose and lipid homeostasis as well as anti-inflammatory properties, further research is required to understand the longer-term impact of consuming algal protein, protein isolates, and concentrates on metabolic health, including protein metabolism. The review then explores the potential of algal proteins in food applications, including ways to overcome their sensory limitations, such as their dark pigmentation, taste, and odor, in order to improve consumer acceptance. To maximize algae's potential as a valuable protein source in the food sector, future research should prioritize the production of more acceptable algal biomass and explore new advances in food sciences and technology for improved consumer acceptance. Overall, this paper supports the potential utility of algae as a sustainable and healthy ingredient source for widespread use in future food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yee Wu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Tso
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Sze Teo
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sumanto Haldar
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
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Barghchi H, Dehnavi Z, Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Alwaily ER, Almulla AF, Kareem AK, Barati M, Ranjbar G, Mohammadzadeh A, Rahimi P, Pahlavani N. The effects of Chlorella vulgaris on cardiovascular risk factors: A comprehensive review on putative molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114624. [PMID: 37018990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High incidence rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) make this condition as an important public health concern. The use of natural products in treating this chronic condition has increased in recent years one of which is the single-celled green alga Chlorella. Chlorella vulgaris (CV) has been studied for its potential benefits to human health due to its biological and pharmacological features. CV contains a variety of macro and micronutrients, including proteins, omega-3, polysaccharides, vitamins, and minerals. Some studies have indicated that taking CV as a dietary supplement can help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. In some studies, cardiovascular risk factors that are based on hematological indices did not show these benefits, and no molecular mechanisms have been identified. This comprehensive review summarized the research on the cardio-protective benefits of chlorella supplementation and the underlying molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Barghchi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Dehnavi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Abbas F Almulla
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ali K Kareem
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Iraq
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Pegah Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; School of Medical Sciences, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran.
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Gurney T, Brouner J, Spendiff O. The Efficacy of Chlorella Supplementation on Multiple Indices of Cycling Performance. J Diet Suppl 2023; 21:99-115. [PMID: 36905653 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2023.2186557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of chlorella supplementation on submaximal endurance, time trial performance, lactate threshold, and power indices during a repeated sprint performance test by fourteen male trained cyclists. Participants ingested 6 g/day of chlorella or placebo for 21-days in a double-blinded randomized counter-balanced cross-over design, with a fourteen-day washout period between trials. Each completed a 2-day testing period comprising a 1-hour submaximal endurance test at 55% external power output max and a 16.1 km time trial (Day-1), followed by a lactate threshold (Dmax) and repeated sprint performance tests (3 X 20 s sprints interspersed by 4-mins) (Day-2). Heart rate (b.min-1), RER, V̇O2 (ml·kg-1·min-1), lactate and glucose (mmol/L), time (secs), power output (W/kg), and hemoglobin (g/L) were compared across conditions. Following chlorella supplementation (chlorella vs. placebo for each measurement) average lactate and heart rate were significantly lower (p < 0.05) during submaximal endurance tests (1.68 ± 0.50 mmol/L vs. 1.91 ± 0.65 mmol/L & 138 ± 11b.min-1 vs. 144 ± 10b.min-1), average power and peak power (W/kg) were significantly higher during repeated sprint bouts (9.5 ± 0.7 W/kg vs. 9.0 ± 0.7 W/kg & 12.0 ± 1.2 W/kg vs. 11.4 ± 1.4 W/kg), hemoglobin significantly increased (149.1 ± 10.3 g/L) in comparison to placebo (143.4 ± 8.7 g/L) (p = 0.05). No differences existed between conditions for all oxygen consumption values, 16.1 km time trial measures and lactate threshold tests (p > 0.05). In conclusion, chlorella may pose as an additional supplement for cyclists to consider, particularly for those cyclists who want to improve their sprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Gurney
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, England
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, England
| | - James Brouner
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, England
| | - Owen Spendiff
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, England
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Asbaghi O, Nazarian B, Yousefi M, Anjom-Shoae J, Rasekhi H, Sadeghi O. Effect of vitamin E intake on glycemic control and insulin resistance in diabetic patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr J 2023; 22:10. [PMID: 36800965 PMCID: PMC9936725 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since a 2014 meta-analysis, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of vitamin E intake on glycemic indices and insulin resistance in adults with diabetes have reached inconsistent conclusions. Therefore, we updated the previous meta-analysis to summarize the current evidence in this regard. Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant studies published up to September 30, 2021, using relevant keywords. Random-effects models were used to obtain overall mean difference (MD) comparing vitamin E intake with a control group. In total, 38 RCTs with a total sample size of 2171 diabetic patients (1110 in vitamin E groups and 1061 in control groups) were included. Combining the results from 28 RCTs on fasting blood glucose, 32 RCTs on HbA1c, 13 RCTs on fasting insulin, and 9 studies on homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) showed a summary MD of -3.35 mg/dL (95% CI: -8.10 to 1.40, P = 0.16), -0.21% (95% CI: -0.33 to -0.09, P = 0.001), -1.05 µIU/mL (95% CI: -1.53 to -0.58, P < 0.001), and -0.44 (95% CI: -0.82 to -0.05, P = 0.02), respectively. This indicates a significant lowering effect of vitamin E on HbA1c, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, while no significant effect on fasting blood glucose in diabetic patients. However, in subgroup analyses, we found that vitamin E intake significantly reduced fasting blood glucose in studies with an intervention duration of < 10 weeks. In conclusion, vitamin E intake has a beneficial role in improving HbA1c and insulin resistance in a population with diabetes. Moreover, short-term interventions with vitamin E have resulted in lower fasting blood glucose in these patients. This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO with code CRD42022343118.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- grid.411600.2Cancer Research Center, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Nazarian
- grid.508728.00000 0004 0612 1516Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi
- grid.413020.40000 0004 0384 8939Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Javad Anjom-Shoae
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Hamid Rasekhi
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. .,Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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