1
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Nhungo CJ, Mtafu NH, Mhaya JK, Mushi FA, Mtaturu G, Ngaiza AI, Mwanga AH, Mkony CA. Surgical management of huge paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in a 20-year-old male: Case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e9260. [PMID: 39139618 PMCID: PMC11319223 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.9260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of testicular rhabdomyosarcomas including surgery and chemotherapy significantly reduce local recurrence and improve survival rates in young adults with metastases. Adjuvant chemotherapy is highly recommended to enhances prognosis and survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles John Nhungo
- Department of Surgery, School of MedicineMuhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesDar es SalaamTanzania
| | - Naomi Herbert Mtafu
- Department of Surgery, School of MedicineMuhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesDar es SalaamTanzania
| | - Joachim Kulwa Mhaya
- Department of Surgery, School of MedicineMuhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesDar es SalaamTanzania
| | - Fransia Arda Mushi
- Department of Surgery, School of MedicineMuhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesDar es SalaamTanzania
| | - Gabriel Mtaturu
- Department of UrologyMuhimbili National HospitalDar es SalaamTanzania
| | | | - Ally Hamis Mwanga
- Department of Surgery, School of MedicineMuhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesDar es SalaamTanzania
| | - Charles A. Mkony
- Department of Surgery, School of MedicineMuhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesDar es SalaamTanzania
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2
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Nakamura N, Suzuki R, Takahashi Y, Uwamori A, Masuda M, Fukui T, Noda Y, Tsuta K, Naganuma M. Primary Gastric Rhabdomyosarcoma. Intern Med 2023; 62:3483-3488. [PMID: 37081684 PMCID: PMC10749818 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1645-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary gastric rhabdomyosarcoma is extremely rare. An 87-year-old man visited our clinic with a chief complaint of abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-CT revealed a massive tumor originating from the muscularis propria of the stomach along with splenic vein tumor thrombosis. We diagnosed the patient with primary gastric rhabdomyosarcoma by an endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Atsushi Uwamori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Masataka Masuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fukui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Yuri Noda
- Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Makoto Naganuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
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3
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Harris CJ, Rowell EE, Jayasinghe Y, Cost C, Childress KJ, Frederick NN, McNally O, Appiah L, Anazodo A. Pediatric, adolescent, and young adult breast and reproductive tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70 Suppl 5:e29422. [PMID: 36458682 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Tumors of the breast and reproductive organs that occur in children, adolescents, and young adults (AYA) have different biological features and can present special challenges. Although prognosis for these tumors is generally favorable, the long-term effects of treatment can be debilitating. Treatments are often multimodal and may include surgery as well as chemotherapy and/or radiation, which can cause considerable distress and anxiety related to loss of femininity or masculinity, concern over future fertility, or sexual dysfunction. Thus, tumors of the reproductive organs in pediatric/AYA patients require special consideration of the treatment effects beyond the intended oncologic outcome. Multidisciplinary teams should be involved in their care and address issues of fertility, sexual dysfunction, and psychosexual concerns before treatment begins. This review addresses histology, risk factors, prognosis, staging and treatment of gynecologic, breast and testicular cancers in pediatric and AYA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J Harris
- Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erin E Rowell
- Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yasmin Jayasinghe
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carrye Cost
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Krista J Childress
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Natasha N Frederick
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Orla McNally
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Antoinette Anazodo
- Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's, University of New South Wales, High St Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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Agaram NP. Evolving classification of rhabdomyosarcoma. Histopathology 2022; 80:98-108. [PMID: 34958505 PMCID: PMC9425116 DOI: 10.1111/his.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcomas comprise the single largest category of soft tissue sarcomas in children and adolescents in the United States, occurring in 4.5 million people aged below 20 years. Based on the clinicopathological features and genetic abnormalities identified, rhabdomyosarcomas are classified into embryonal, alveolar, spindle cell/sclerosing and pleomorphic subtypes. Each subtype shows distinctive morphology and has characteristic genetic abnormalities. This review discusses the evolution of the classification of rhabdomyosarcoma to the present day, together with a discussion of key histomorphological and genetic features of each subtype and the diagnostic approach to these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimhan P Agaram
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Cheng JJ, Mott RT, Savage PD, Paluri RK. Metastatic Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma with Extensive Bone Marrow Replacement in an Older Adult. Case Rep Oncol 2021; 14:1505-1510. [PMID: 34899243 PMCID: PMC8613543 DOI: 10.1159/000519595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is extremely rare in adults. Metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma can resemble other malignancies, which can delay diagnosis and prompt treatment. This case illustrates an example of metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with concurrent bone marrow infiltration. A 67-year-old woman presented with epistaxis and diffuse bone pain. She developed progressive thrombocytopenia requiring platelet transfusions. The patient was initially thought to have leukemia. She was found to have a large sinonasal mass with extensive metastatic disease and bone marrow infiltration. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. She was started on chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin, and cyclophosphamide. Unfortunately, she died prior to discharge home. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma can resemble a primary bone marrow malignancy when it infiltrates the bone marrow. Further investigation is needed to clarify its clinical behavior and expedite diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan T Mott
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul D Savage
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ravi K Paluri
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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6
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Yang C, Wang H, Niu F, Yao L. Population-Based Survival Analysis of Patients With Limb Rhabdomyosarcoma and Metastasis at Diagnosis. Front Surg 2021; 8:738771. [PMID: 34805258 PMCID: PMC8599280 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.738771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Given the poor prognosis and the relative rarity of patients diagnosed with limb rhabdomyosarcoma (LRMS) and metastasis at diagnosis, we performed this study to reveal distinctive clinical features and evaluated prognostic factors of this special population in order to provide appropriate treatment. Patients and Methods: We carried out retrospective research of patients diagnosed with LRMS and metastasis from 1975 to 2016 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database. Survival curves were generated by applying the Kaplan–Meier method. In terms of evaluating and determining independent predictors of survival, we conducted univariate and multivariate survival analyses using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: This retrospective analysis contained a series of 245 patients with metastatic LRMS, with male predominance (male vs. female, 1.6:1). Nearly half of the patients were diagnosed with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (44.9%). According to the results of the univariate and multivariate analyses, younger age, tumor subtype, and radiotherapy were found to be significantly associated with improved overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS). Conclusions: Patients with LRMS and metastasis at diagnosis experienced a quite poor prognosis. Age at diagnosis, tumor subtype, and radiotherapy can help clinicians to better estimate the prognosis. This study indicated that local radiotherapy can provide a survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Haiqing Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Feng Niu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lufeng Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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7
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De Vita A, Vanni S, Fausti V, Cocchi C, Recine F, Miserocchi G, Liverani C, Spadazzi C, Bassi M, Gessaroli M, Campobassi A, De Luca G, Pieri F, Farnedi A, Franchini E, Ferrari A, Domizio C, Cavagna E, Gurrieri L, Bongiovanni A, Riva N, Calpona S, Di Menna G, Debonis SA, Ibrahim T, Mercatali L. Deciphering the Genomic Landscape and Pharmacological Profile of Uncommon Entities of Adult Rhabdomyosarcomas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111564. [PMID: 34768995 PMCID: PMC8584142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents an uncommon entity with an incidence of less than 3% of all soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Consequently, the natural history and the clinical management of this disease are infrequently reported. In order to fill this gap, we investigated the molecular biology of an adult RMS case series. The expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition-related gene and chemoresistance-related gene panels were evaluated. Moreover, taking advantage of our STS translational model combining patient-derived primary culture and 3D-scaffold, the pharmacological profile of an adult head and neck sclerosing RMS was assessed. Furthermore, NGS, microsatellite instability, and in silico analyses were carried out. RT-PCR identified the upregulation of CDH1, SLUG, MMP9, RAB22a, S100P, and LAPTM4b, representing promising biomarkers for this disease. Pharmacological profiling showed the highest sensitivity with anthracycline-based regimen in both 2D and 3D culture systems. NGS analysis detected RAB3IP-HMGA2 in frame gene rearrangement and FGFR4 mutation; microsatellite instability analysis did not detect any alteration. In silico analysis confirmed the mutation of FGFR4 as a promising marker for poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target. We report for the first time the molecular and pharmacological characterization of rare entities of adult head and neck and posterior trunk RMS. These preliminary data could shed light on this poorly understood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Vita
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.V.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-0543-73-9239 (A.D.V. & C.C.); Fax: +39-0543-73-9221 (A.D.V. & C.C.)
| | - Silvia Vanni
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Valentina Fausti
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Claudia Cocchi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.V.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-0543-73-9239 (A.D.V. & C.C.); Fax: +39-0543-73-9221 (A.D.V. & C.C.)
| | - Federica Recine
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera “San Giovanni Addolorata”, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Miserocchi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara Liverani
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara Spadazzi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Massimo Bassi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, “Maurizio Bufalini” Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (M.B.); (M.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Manlio Gessaroli
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, “Maurizio Bufalini” Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (M.B.); (M.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Angelo Campobassi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, “Maurizio Bufalini” Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (M.B.); (M.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Giovanni De Luca
- Pathology Unit, “Maurizio Bufalini” Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Federica Pieri
- Pathology Unit, “Morgagni-Pierantoni” Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (F.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Anna Farnedi
- Pathology Unit, “Morgagni-Pierantoni” Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (F.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Eugenia Franchini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.F.); (A.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Anna Ferrari
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.F.); (A.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Chiara Domizio
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.F.); (A.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Enrico Cavagna
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale della Romagna (AUSL Romagna), 47923 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Lorena Gurrieri
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Alberto Bongiovanni
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Nada Riva
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Calpona
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Giandomenico Di Menna
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Silvia Angela Debonis
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
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8
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TERAMOTO N, IKEDA M, SUGIHARA H, SHIGA T, MATSUWAKI T, NISHIHARA M, UCHIDA K, YAMANOUCHI K. Loss of p16/Ink4a drives high frequency of rhabdomyosarcoma in a rat model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1416-1424. [PMID: 34334511 PMCID: PMC8498826 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive type of soft tissue sarcoma, and pleomorphic RMS is a rare subtype of RMS found in adult. p16 is a tumor suppressor which inhibits cell cycle. In human RMS, p16 gene is frequently deleted, but p16-null mice do not develop RMS. We reported that genetic ablation of p16 by the crossbreeding of p16 knock-out rats (p16-KO rats) improved the dystrophic phenotype of a rat model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Dmd-KO rats). However, p16/Dmd double knock-out rats (dKO rats) unexpectedly developed sarcoma. In the present study, we raised p16-KO, Dmd-KO, and dKO rats until 11 months of age. Twelve out of 22 dKO rats developed pleomorphic RMS after 9 months of age, while none of p16-KO rats and Dmd-KO rats developed tumor. The neoplasms were connected to skeletal muscle tissue with indistinct borders and characterized by diffuse proliferation of pleomorphic cells which had eosinophilic cytoplasm and atypical nuclei with anisokaryosis. For almost all cases, the tumor cells immunohistochemically expressed myogenic markers including desmin, MyoD, and myogenin. The single cell cloning from tumor primary cells gained 20 individual Pax7-negative MyoD-positive RMS cell clones. Our results demonstrated that double knock-out of p16 and dystrophin in rats leads to the development of pleomorphic RMS, providing an animal model that may be useful to study the developmental mechanism of pleomorphic RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi TERAMOTO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masanari IKEDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi SUGIHARA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takanori SHIGA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takashi MATSUWAKI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masugi NISHIHARA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki UCHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keitaro YAMANOUCHI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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9
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Ashley CW, Da Cruz Paula A, Ferrando L, Gularte-Mérida R, Sebastiao APM, Brown DN, Gazzo AM, Pareja F, Stylianou A, Abu-Rustum NR, Reis-Filho JS, Buehler D, Weisman P, Chiang S, Weigelt B. Genetic characterisation of adult primary pleomorphic uterine rhabdomyosarcoma and comparison with uterine carcinosarcoma. Histopathology 2021; 79:176-186. [PMID: 33527450 DOI: 10.1111/his.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterise the genetic alterations in adult primary uterine rhabdomyosarcomas (uRMSs) and to investigate whether these tumours are genetically distinct from uterine carcinosarcomas (UCSs). METHODS AND RESULTS Three tumours originally diagnosed as primary adult pleomorphic uRMS were subjected to massively parallel sequencing targeting 468 cancer-related genes and RNA-sequencing. Mutational profiles were compared with those of UCSs (n = 57) obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Sequencing data analyses were performed using validated bioinformatic approaches. Pathogenic TP53 mutations and high levels of genomic instability were detected in the three cases. uRMS1 harboured a likely pathogenic YTHDF2-FOXR1 fusion. uRMS2 harboured a PPP2R1A hotspot mutation and amplification of multiple genes, including WHSC1L1, FGFR1, MDM2, and CCNE1, whereas uRMS3 harboured an FBXW7 hotspot mutation and an ANKRD11 homozygous deletion. Hierarchical clustering of somatic mutations and copy number alterations revealed that these tumours initially diagnosed as pleomorphic uRMSs and UCSs were similar. Subsequent comprehensive pathological re-review of the three uRMSs revealed previously unidentified minute pan-cytokeratin-positive atypical glands in one case (uRMS3), favouring its reclassification as UCS with extensive rhabdomyosarcomatous overgrowth. CONCLUSIONS Adult pleomorphic uRMSs harbour TP53 mutations and high levels of copy number alterations. Our findings underscore the challenge in discriminating between uRMS and UCS with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Ashley
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnaud Da Cruz Paula
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Ferrando
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Gularte-Mérida
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana P M Sebastiao
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David N Brown
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea M Gazzo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fresia Pareja
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthe Stylianou
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadeem R Abu-Rustum
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darya Buehler
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul Weisman
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sarah Chiang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Santana SC, Prado FMS, de Oliveira Leal ML, Athanazio P, Athanazio DA. Rhabdomyosarcoma with an intratumoral adult type rhabdomyoma nodule with focal neuronal differentiation - diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of a rare disease. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-020-00063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRhabdomyosarcomas with areas reminiscent of adult type rhabdomyoma are rare and almost exclusive of pretreated tumors. We present a case of 17-year-old patient who sought medical assistance due to a right painless paratesticular mass. At gross examination, the paratesticular mass was a 5 cm tumor (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma) with a discrete 2.0 cm grayish nodule at the periphery. At microscopy, smaller nodule showed large eosinophilic granular cells suggestive of adult type rhabdomyoma. These cells were strongly and diffusely positive for desmin and multifocally positive for myogenin. Focal neuronal and neural differentiations (NSE and GFAP expression) were also detected. Awareness of benign appearing intratumoral rhabdomyoma in rhabdomyosarcomas of paratestis/retroperitonium is of relevance. Such tumor heterogeneity may be a diagnostic pitfall especially in the scenario of needle biopsies and frozen section consultation.
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11
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Waters R, Horvai A, Greipp P, John I, Demicco EG, Dickson BC, Tanas MR, Larsen BT, Ud Din N, Creytens DH, Bahrami A, Doyle LA, Jo VY, Al-Ibraheemi A, Thway K, Jenkins SM, Siontis B, Folpe A, Fritchie K. Atypical lipomatous tumour/well-differentiated liposarcoma and de-differentiated liposarcoma in patients aged ≤ 40 years: a study of 116 patients. Histopathology 2019; 75:833-842. [PMID: 31471922 DOI: 10.1111/his.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Limited data exist on atypical lipomatous tumour (ALT)/well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDL) and de-differentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) in children and young adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Cases of ALT/WDL/DDLPS arising in patients aged ≤ 40 years were collected from multiple institutional and consultation archives. A total of 116 cases of ALT/WDL (75) and DDLPS (41) were identified, representing fewer than 5% of these tumours seen at our institutions during this time-period. The patients (59 male/57 female) ranged in age from 8 to 40 years. Sites included deep central (abdomen/retroperitoneum/pelvis/groin) (n = 60), extremity (n = 42), trunk (n = 5), head/neck (n = 8) and mediastinum (n = 1). De-differentiated patterns included: high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma-like, heterologous rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, low-grade spindle cell sarcoma and homologous lipoblastic differentiation. Forty-one patients experienced a local recurrence and 11 patients with DDLPS developed metastasis. ALT arising in the extremities had lower recurrence rates than deep central WDL (5-year recurrence-free survival 88.9% versus 59.0%; P = 0.002), while patients with deep central DDLPS experienced significantly more adverse events compared to WDL at this site (5-year event-free survival 11.9% versus 59.0%) (P < 0.0001). Seven (of eight) head/neck tumours had follow-up available; five recurred, and one patient (DDLPS) with recurrence also experienced a metastasis. The single mediastinal tumour (DDLPS) recurred and metastasised. CONCLUSION ALT/WDL and DDLPS occurring in patients aged ≤ 40 years is rare, but exhibits similar morphological features to its counterparts in older adults, including potential for heterologous and homologous de-differentiation in the latter. Although case numbers are limited, tumours arising in the head and neck exhibit high rates of adverse events, suggesting that classification as WDL rather than ALT is more appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Waters
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew Horvai
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Greipp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ivy John
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Demicco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brendan C Dickson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Munir R Tanas
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brandon T Larsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Nasir Ud Din
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - David H Creytens
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Armita Bahrami
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Leona A Doyle
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vickie Y Jo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew Folpe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karen Fritchie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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12
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Alkhormi AM, Alqifari A, Aljarbou OZ, Alqarni M. Primary duodenal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in adults: a case report. AME Case Rep 2019; 3:29. [PMID: 31559385 DOI: 10.21037/acr.2019.07.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue sarcoma that histologically resembles embryonic skeletal muscle. It is a rare malignancy in adults with a predilection in the head and neck, the genitourinary tract, and other extremities. However, RMS of the gastrointestinal tract is an even rarer condition that merits presentation and discussion. Here, we report on a case of primary duodenal embryonal RMS in an adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman M Alkhormi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alqifari
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Z Aljarbou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alqarni
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Lupo PJ, Luna-Gierke RE, Chambers TM, Tavelin B, Scheurer ME, Melin B, Papworth K. Perinatal and familial risk factors for soft tissue sarcomas in childhood through young adulthood: A population-based assessment in 4 million live births. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:791-802. [PMID: 30980537 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal factors have been associated with soft tissue sarcomas (STS) in case-control studies. However, (i) the contributions of factors including fetal growth remain unknown, ( ii) these factors have not been examined in cohort studies and (iii) few assessments have evaluated risk in specific STS subtypes. We sought to identify the role of perinatal and familial factors on the risk of STS in a large population-based birth cohort. We identified 4,023,436 individuals in the Swedish Birth Registry born during 1973-2012. Subjects were linked to the Swedish Cancer Registry, where incident STS cases were identified. We evaluated perinatal and familial factors obtained from Statistics Sweden, including fetal growth, gestational age, and presence of a congenital malformation. Poisson regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between perinatal factors and STS overall, as well as by common subtypes. There were 673 individuals diagnosed with STS in 77.5 million person-years of follow-up. Having a congenital malformation was associated with STS (IRR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.23-2.35). This association was stronger (IRR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.25-6.71) in recent years (2000-2012). Low fetal growth was also associated with STS during the same time period (IRR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.05-3.29). Being born preterm was associated with rhabdomyosarcoma (IRR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.08-2.79). In our cohort study, those with congenital malformations and other adverse birth outcomes were more likely to develop a STS compared to their unaffected contemporaries. These associations may point to disrupted developmental pathways and genetic factors influencing the risk of STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Lupo
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ruth E Luna-Gierke
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tiffany M Chambers
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Björn Tavelin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Papworth
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Alkhaledi A, Hanafi I, Alsabe H, Chatty EM. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterus with multiple metastases in a post-menopausal woman. Oxf Med Case Reports 2019; 2019:omz017. [PMID: 30949355 PMCID: PMC6440278 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant soft tissue tumor, usually presenting in the head and neck in children, with frequent metastases to the lungs. In this report, we present a rare case of a post-menopausal RMS patient who presented with walking difficulties after hysterectomy. A computerized tomography scan revealed metastases spreading to the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, lungs, liver and bones. On a protocol of Gemcitabine and Carboplatin, the patient showed stability in the dimensions of the masses with significant improvement in her quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahem Hanafi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Hassan Alsabe
- Department of Radiotherapy, Bairouni Hospital, Damascus, Syria
| | - Eyad M Chatty
- Department of Pathology, Alassad University Hospital, Damascus, Syria.,Department of Pathology, Mowasat University Hospital, Damascus, Syria.,Syrian College of Pathologists, Syria.,Board of Trustees, Kalamoon University, Damascus, Syria
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15
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Abstract
Myogenic sarcomas include soft tissue sarcomas that show skeletal muscle differentiation (rhabdomyosarcoma) and those with smooth muscle differentiation (leiomyosarcoma). Rhabdomyosarcomas are more common in the pediatric age group and leiomyosarcomas occur more often in the adult population. Based on the clinico-pathologic features and genetic abnormalities identified, the rhabdomyosarcomas are classified into embryonal, alveolar, spindle cell/sclerosing, and pleomorphic subtypes. Each subtype shows distinctive morphology and has characteristic genetic abnormalities. In this update on myogenic sarcomas, each entity is discussed with special emphasis on recent updates in genetic findings and the diagnostic approach to these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimhan P Agaram
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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16
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Keramatinia A, Mohseny M, Akbari ME, Mosavi-Jarrahi A, Monfared ED, Amanpour F, Bahadori Monfared A, Amiri P, Khayamzadeh M, Khoshbin Khoshnazar TA, Abbaszadeh HA, Mehrvar A, Mazloumi Z, Movafagh A. Determinants of survival of common childhood cancers in Iran. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 23:101. [PMID: 30595709 PMCID: PMC6282777 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_835_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cancer is the second most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children. This study aimed to epidemiologically and demographically assess common cancers in children in Iran. Materials and Methods: This cohort study was conducted on children registered in Mahak Hospital and Rehabilitation Complex (which is a non-governmental organizations (NGO)-related hospital for only malignant diseases). A total of 2232 questionnaires were filled out for cancer patients between 2007 and 2016. The factors including age, gender, race, family history, type of treatment, and type of cancer were entered into Cox regression model to examine their effect on mortality of children diagnosed with cancer. Results: The Cox regression model showed that age, race, type of cancer, family history of cancer, and type of treatment had a significant effect on mortality of children diagnosed with cancer (P < 0.05). The hazard ratio (HR) of mortality in 10–15 years old was higher than that of 1–5 years old (P = 0.03, HR = 1.3). The HR of mortality in patients with brain tumor (P < 0.01, HR = 2.24), sarcoma (P < 0.01, HR = 2.32), and neuroblastoma (P < 0.01, HR = 2.56) was twice the value in patients with leukemia. The HR of mortality in patients who had a family history of cancer was higher than that of patients without it (P < 0.01, HR = 1.33). Patients who had undergone chemotherapy along with surgery and radiotherapy (P = 0.02, HR = 0.68) and patients who received chemotherapy along with surgery (P = 0.01, HR = 0.67) had a lower HR of mortality compared to the chemotherapy group. Conclusion: Young age, multidisciplinary approach, and absence of family history were associated with lower hazard of death in children diagnosed with cancer; brain tumor, leukemia, and sarcoma had higher hazard of mortality compared to leukemia. Children with a family history of cancer should be under regular follow-up. Treatment should be multidisciplinary and comprehensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar Keramatinia
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Health and Community Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohseny
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Mosavi-Jarrahi
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmat Davoudi Monfared
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Management Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Amanpour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ayad Bahadori Monfared
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Amiri
- Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Scienses, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Maryam Khayamzadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Alsadat Khoshbin Khoshnazar
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Mehrvar
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,MAHAK Pediatric Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mazloumi
- Department of Biology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Molina-Ortiz D, Torres-Zárate C, Cárdenas-Cardós R, Palacios-Acosta JM, Hernández-Arrazola D, Shalkow-Klincovstein J, Díaz-Díaz E, Vences-Mejía A. MDR1 not CYP3A4 gene expression is the predominant mechanism of innate drug resistance in pediatric soft tissue sarcoma patients. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:317-324. [PMID: 29689707 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-171027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intratumoral up-regulation of genes coding for drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes, such as MDR1 and CYP3A4, after chemotherapy are linked to cancer drug resistance. However their expression in primary soft tissue sarcomas (STS) prior to drug treatment and their role in innate resistance remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was characterize MDR1 and CYP3A4 expression pattern before to chemotherapy and its clinical implication in pediatric STS. METHODS In this prospective study we analyzed MDR1 and CYP3A4 mRNA expression in both normal and tumor tissues from 28 newly diagnosed STS pediatric and then compared with patients' clinical-pathological data, including chemotherapy response. RESULTS Our data showed that the expression of the MDR1 gene was significantly higher in malignant tissue than in the normal tissues of patients with STS. In addition, high MDR1 expression was significantly associated with local advances, as well as poor response to treatment. In contrast, CYP3A4 expression level was negligible in both tumoral and non-tumoral tissues. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a significant mRNA level of MDR1 gene was intrinsically present in STS before exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs, suggesting that MDR1 may be important contributors of innate chemoresistance of this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Molina-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen Torres-Zárate
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocío Cárdenas-Cardós
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Erick Díaz-Díaz
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Vences-Mejía
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Sachedina A, Chan K, MacGregor D, Campbell M, Grover SR. More than Grapes and Bleeding: An Updated Look at Pelvic Rhabdomyosarcoma in Young Women. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2018; 31:522-525. [PMID: 29421342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To review our local experience with urogenital rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) to determine the most common clinical presentation(s). DESIGN Retrospective case series of all female patients with urogenital RMS who presented to a tertiary pediatric hospital between 1996 and 2016. All institutional electronic pathology reports were screened for RMS and those that were pelvic in origin and occurred in female patients were included for further analysis. Seventeen cases of urogenital RMS in female patients were identified and reviewed. SETTING This study was conducted at The Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia. This is a tertiary referral center for the state of Victoria and surrounding areas, which services more than 1.5 million pediatric patients. PARTICIPANTS Female pediatric patients (ages 0-18 years) who presented to The Royal Children's Hospital with eventual pathologic tissue diagnosis of urogenital RMS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The cases were reviewed for clinical presentation, duration of symptoms before initial presentation, time to tissue diagnosis, and outcomes of treatment. RESULTS Of the 17 cases reviewed, 5 (29%) presented with perineal mass, 4 (24%) presented with each of abdominal mass and grape-like lesions/hemorrhagic mass at the introitus, 3 (18%) with nonspecific symptoms only, and 1 (6%) with vulvar inflammation. CONCLUSION The clinical presentation of urogenital RMS in women is heterogeneous, and the classically described presentation of grape-like lesions at the introitus and vaginal bleeding represents only a small proportion of clinical presentations. Awareness of other presentations, which appear to be more common than previously recognized, needs to be increased to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalia Sachedina
- Department of Gynecology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Kiri Chan
- Department of Gynecology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Adolescent Gynaecology, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Australia
| | - Duncan MacGregor
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Martin Campbell
- Children's Cancer Centre, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sonia R Grover
- Department of Gynecology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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19
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Importance of whole-body imaging with complete coverage of hands and feet in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma staging. Pediatr Radiol 2018; 48:648-657. [PMID: 29368010 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-4066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma commonly arises in the extremities and is characterized by aggressive biology and high frequency of metastases. Whole-body imaging is increasingly employed in pediatric oncology but not recommended as standard in the staging of soft-tissue sarcomas. OBJECTIVE After observing patients with a large symptomatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma lesion and a smaller silent lesion in the more distal part of an extremity we sought to estimate the frequency of this constellation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the data of prospectively registered paediatric patients (age <21 years) with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in the SoTiSaR (Soft Tissue Sarcoma Registry) of the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) 09/2011-04/2015 with regard to whole-body imaging. RESULTS Seventy-five patients were eligible. Images of 57 patients had been submitted for reference consultation, including 80 whole-body examinations in 36 patients. Among them were 5 patients (14%, 95% confidence interval 3-25%) who had been diagnosed because of a symptomatic lesion while an additional silent lesion in the distal part of an extremity had remained unnoticed and had only been detected by later whole-body imaging. It is noteworthy that in 42 (53%) of all 80 whole-body examinations, the hands and feet had been only partially covered or completely excluded. CONCLUSION In alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma silent lesions can be overlooked when the distal parts of the limbs are not thoroughly examined and not completely covered by imaging. Missing them influences treatment decisions and prognosis. Our results should be considered when evaluating the potential role of whole-body imaging in rhabdomyosarcoma.
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20
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Ludwig K, Alaggio R, Zin A, Peron M, Guzzardo V, Benini S, Righi A, Gambarotti M. BCOR-CCNB3 Undifferentiated Sarcoma-Does Immunohistochemistry Help in the Identification? Pediatr Dev Pathol 2017; 20:321-329. [PMID: 28420319 DOI: 10.1177/1093526617698263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent methodology has enabled the identification of some new genetic subgroups within the melting pot of lesions presently classified by the 2013 WHO classification as "undifferentiated/unclassified sarcomas". One of these subgroups is characterized by a paracentric inversion of the X chromosome with consequent formation of a BCOR-CCNB3 fusion. Clinical and pathological features of these tumors overlap with the Ewing sarcoma family as well as other soft tissue sarcomas, thus making them difficult to diagnose. To investigate the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of BCOR-CCNB3 positive sarcoma, we reviewed two sarcoma series, comprising 632 and 121 cases. The 11 tumors harboring the BCOR-CCNB3 fusion, identified by CCNB3 immunohistochemistry and/or RT-PCR, were reevaluated for morphological characteristics and further immunohistochemical investigations for CCNB3, SATB2, and Pax8 were performed. Tumors harboring a BCOR-CCNB3 fusion (11/753) occured exclusively in males, with a mean age at diagnosis of 12.9 years, and were mainly axially located. In this group of either spindled or round cell tumors, vesicular nuclei with finely dispersed chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli and an arciform vascular pattern were pathognomonic. More than 50% of cases stained positive for SATB2 and Pax8, raising the hypothesis of a potential use of these markers in the identification of BCOR-CCNB3 positive undifferentiated/unclassified sarcomas. CCNB3 was confirmed as a useful ancillary immunohistochemical marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Ludwig
- 1 Pathological Anatomy-Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University Hospital Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rita Alaggio
- 2 Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelica Zin
- 3 Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Marica Peron
- 4 Clinic of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenza Guzzardo
- 2 Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Righi
- 5 Department of Pathology, Rizzoli Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Nuclear medicine has an important role in the management of many cancers in pediatric age group with multiple imaging modalities and radiopharmaceuticals targeting various biological uptake mechanisms. 18-Flourodeoxyglucose is the radiotracer of choice especially in patients with sarcoma and lymphoma. (18)FDG-PET, for sarcoma and lymphomas, is proved to be superior to conventional imaging in staging and therapy response. Although studies are limited in pediatric population, (18)FDG-PET/CT has found its way through international guidelines. Limitations and strengths of PET imaging must be noticed before adapting PET imaging in clinical protocols. Established new response criteria using multiple parameters derived from (18)FDG-PET would increase the accuracy and repeatability of response evaluation. Current data suggest that I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) remains the tracer of choice in the evaluation of neuroblastoma (NB) because of its high sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and prognostic value. It is valuable in determining the response to therapy, surveillance for disease recurrence, and in selecting patients for I-131 therapy. SPECT/CT improves the diagnostic accuracy and the interpretation confidence of MIBG scans. (18)FDG-PET/CT is an important complementary to MIBG imaging despite its lack of specificity to NB. It is valuable in cases of negative or inconclusive MIBG scans and when MIBG findings underestimate the disease status as determined from clinical and radiological findings. F-18 DOPA is promising tracer that reflects catecholamine metabolism and is both sensitive and specific. F-18 DOPA scintigraphy provides the advantages of PET/CT imaging with early and short imaging times, high spatial resolution, inherent morphologic correlation with CT, and quantitation. Regulatory and production issues currently limit the tracer's availability. PET/CT with Ga-68 DOTA appears to be useful in NB imaging and may have a unique role in selecting patients for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with somatostatin analogues. C-11 hydroxyephedrine PET/CT is a specific PET tracer for NB, but the C-11 label that requires an on-site cyclotron production and the high physiologic uptake in the liver and kidneys limit its use. I-124 MIBG is useful for I-131 MIBG pretherapeutic dosimetry planning. Its use for diagnostic imaging as well as the use of F-18 labeled MIBG analogues is currently experimental. PET/MR imaging is emerging and is likely to become an important tool in the evaluation. It provides metabolic and superior morphological data in one imaging session, expediting the diagnosis and lowering the radiation exposure. Radioactive iodines not only detect residual tissue and metastatic disease but also are used in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. However, these are not well documented in pediatric age group like adult patients. Use of radioactivity in pediatric population is very important and strictly controlled because of the possibility of secondary malignities; therefore, management of oncological cases requires detailed literature knowledge. This article aims to review the literature on the use of radionuclide imaging and therapy in pediatric population with thyroid cancer, sarcomas, lymphoma, and NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Özgen Kiratli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical Center, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Murat Tuncel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zvi Bar-Sever
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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Robertson IJ, Bennani F, Ryan RS, Khan W, Barry MK. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Paediatric Ewing-like sarcoma arising from the cranium – a unique diagnostic challenge. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11:54. [DOI: 10.1186/s13000-016-0502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Al-Ibraheemi A, Kozakewich H, Perez-Atayde AR. Selected Diagnostically Challenging Pediatric Soft Tissue Tumors. Surg Pathol Clin 2016; 8:399-418. [PMID: 26297063 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many benign and malignant soft tissue tumors in children are challenging and their diagnosis requires knowledge of their vast diversity, histopathological complexity, and immunohistochemical, cytogenetic, and molecular characteristics. The importance of clinical and imaging features cannot be overstated. Soft tissue sarcomas account for 15% of all pediatric malignancies after leukemia/lymphoma, central nervous system tumors, neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor. This article discusses selected challenging pediatric soft tissue tumors with an update on recently described entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Al-Ibraheemi
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harry Kozakewich
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antonio R Perez-Atayde
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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25
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Thompson JC, Woods GM, Arnold MA, Elmaraghy C, Kahwash SB, Cripe TP, Setty BA. Pediatric Oral/Maxillofacial Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Clinicopathologic Report of Four Cases. Case Rep Oncol 2016; 9:447-453. [PMID: 27721766 PMCID: PMC5043172 DOI: 10.1159/000447689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric soft tissue sarcomas of the oral/maxillofacial region are rare neoplasms that present significant difficulty with respect to treatment and local control measures. We report four cases of pediatric oral/maxillofacial soft tissue sarcomas from our tertiary care pediatric hospital and emphasize the rarity of these malignancies and the challenges encountered in treating these lesions, and suggest areas for further research. We conclude that multimodal therapy and interdisciplinary cooperation are paramount to successful management of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel C. Thompson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Gary M. Woods
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, Va., USA
| | - Michael A. Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles Elmaraghy
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Samir B. Kahwash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy P. Cripe
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bhuvana A. Setty
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Burattini S, Battistelli M, Codenotti S, Falcieri E, Fanzani A, Salucci S. Melatonin action in tumor skeletal muscle cells: an ultrastructural study. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:278-85. [PMID: 26953151 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (Mel), or N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a circadian hormone that can diffuse through all the biological membranes thanks to its amphiphilic structure, also overcoming the blood-brain barrier and placenta. Although Mel has been reported to exhibit strong antioxidant properties in healthy tissues, studies carried out on tumor cultures gave a different picture of its action, often describing Mel as effective to trigger the cell death of tumor cells by enhancing oxidative stress. Based on this premise, here Mel effect was investigated using a tumor cell line representative of the human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS), the most frequent soft tissue sarcoma affecting childhood. For this purpose, Mel was given either dissolved in ethanol (EtOH) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at different concentrations and time exposures. Cell viability assays and ultrastructural observations demonstrated that Mel was able to induce a dose- and time-dependent cell death independently on the dissolution solvent. Microscopy analyses highlighted the presence of various apoptotic and necrotic patterns correlating with the increasing Mel dose and time of exposure. These findings suggest that Mel, triggering apoptosis in ARMS cells, could be considered as a promising drug for future multitargeted therapies.
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Do TH, Nguyen DM, Truong VD, Do THT, Le MT, Pham TQ, Thai KM, Tran TD. Synthesis and Selective Cytotoxic Activities on Rhabdomyosarcoma and Noncancerous Cells of Some Heterocyclic Chalcones. Molecules 2016; 21:329. [PMID: 27005608 PMCID: PMC6273843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemically diverse heterocyclic chalcones were prepared and evaluated for cytotoxicity, aiming to push forward potency and selectivity. They were tested against rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and noncancerous cell line (LLC-PK1). The influence of heteroaryl patterns on rings A and B was studied. Heterocycle functionalities on both rings, such as phenothiazine, thiophene, furan and pyridine were evaluated. Notably, the introduction of three methoxy groups at positions 3, 4, 5 on ring B appears to be critical for cytotoxicity. The best compound, with potent and selective cytotoxicity (IC50 = 12.51 μM in comparison with the value 10.84 μM of paclitaxel), contains a phenothiazine moiety on ring A and a thiophene heterocycle on ring B. Most of the potential compounds only show weak cytoxicity on the noncancerous cell line LLC-PK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuong-Ha Do
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho St., Tan Phong Ward, Dist. 7, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Dai-Minh Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Dist. 1, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Van-Dat Truong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Dist. 1, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Thi-Hong-Tuoi Do
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Dist. 1, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Minh-Tri Le
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Dist. 1, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Thanh-Quan Pham
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet St, Dist. 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Khac-Minh Thai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Dist. 1, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Thanh-Dao Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Dist. 1, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common sarcoma of soft tissues in childhood and adolescence, with an annual incidence of 4-7 cases per million children aged 15. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is common in adults younger than 30 years, and are usually presented as a large painless, palpable mass (> 5cm). Survival in the case of paratesticular sarcoma in men is approximately 50%. CLINICAL CASE Male 27 years of age with no history of importance, was seen in a clinic with an increased, painless, left testicular volume 3 years onset. Intrascrotal left testicle increased volume, with dimensions of 20×12×8cm, a stone and left inguinal node in induratum measuring 2×2cm. Microscopically, it showed a pattern of an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with left inguinal node metastases. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis of testicular tumours, and especially of primary intratesticular rhabdomyosarcomas, and aggressive surgical treatment in combination with chemotherapy reduces the incidence of local recurrence and may improve the rate of disease-free survival and overall survival in adult patients with metastases.
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Yi J, Zhou DA, Huo JR, Wang YH, Ma JA. Primary intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:1016-1020. [PMID: 26893684 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) that primarily occurs in the testes is particularly rare, with only retrospective studies and sporadic cases reported in the literature. The present study describes the case of a large, primary intratesticular RMS (ITRMS) that was treated with a radical inguinal orchiectomy (RIO) and a regimen of chemotherapy. The study also presents a review of the literature regarding primary ITRMSs, aiming to elucidate the clinical characteristics and optimal treatment of the disease. A 14-year-old male presented with a 1-year history of a slow-growing, painless, left scrotal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a mass in the left scrotum with mixed signal intensity; no abnormal signals were identified in the right testicle and retroperitoneal lymph node. An X-ray of the chest demonstrated no evidence of metastasis. Subsequent to this, a left RIO was performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the final diagnosis of embryonal ITRMS. At 21 days post-surgery, an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET-CT) scan identified widespread metastatic lesions in the lungs, local lymph nodes and bones, presenting as increased glucose metabolism nodules. Subsequently, the patient received six sequential cycles of adjunct chemotherapy. The patient is alive with disease in October 2015. The case described is noteworthy as it is an example of ITRMS, in which the patient received successful treatment. However, multidisciplinary treatment may further improve the outcome of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ai Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Rong Huo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Hua Wang
- Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jin-An Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Expression of the Chemokine Receptors CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR7 and Their Ligands in Rhabdomyosarcoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:1191-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Zhan XK, Zhang S, Cao BW, Wang JW, Li JL, Sun YK, Zhang W, Yang L, Zhou AP, Chi YHB, Li YX, Ma JH, Li CL. Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of Chinese patients with genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:190. [PMID: 26018798 PMCID: PMC4475326 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is rarely reported in China. This retrospective analysis aimed to characterize the clinicopathologic features and treatment outcomes of genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a sample of Chinese patients. Methods Basic demographic and clinical data of 29 patients, who were diagnosed with genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma between January 2000 and December 2011, were retrieved and analyzed. Results In these patients, 25 were males and 4 were females with a median age of 12 years. Paratesticule was the most common lesion site, followed by the prostate, bladder, and vagina. The median tumor size was 5.80 cm. Six patients had clinically positive regional nodes. At the initial diagnosis, patients had a metastatic disease. According to the TNM staging classification for the IRS-IV, phase I lesions were detected in ten cases, phase II lesions in six cases, phase III lesions in four cases, and phase IV lesions in nine cases. The median survival of all patients was 63 (range from 6 to 118) months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates for these patients were 93%, 83%, and 52%, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that staging and anemia were significant predictors of prognosis. Conclusions Our findings suggest that metastasis predicts a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy played an important role in comprehensive treatment. Palliative and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy could increase median survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-kai Zhan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Bang-wei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin-wan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun-ling Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong-kun Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ai-ping Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi-he Bali Chi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ye-xiong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian-hui Ma
- Department of Urological Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chang-ling Li
- Department of Urological Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Ahmad Z, Din NU, Ahmad A, Imran S, Pervez S, Ahmed R, Kayani N. Rhabdomyosarcoma - an Epidemiological and Histopathologic Study of 277 Cases from a Major Tertiary Care Center in Karachi, Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:757-60. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.2.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
Malignant bone tumors (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma) and soft-tissue sarcomas (rhabdomyosarcoma, nonrhabdomyosarcoma) account for approximately 14% of childhood malignancies. Successful treatment of patients with sarcoma depends on a multidisciplinary approach to therapy, including oncology, surgery, radiation oncology, radiology, pathology, and physiatry. By combining systemic treatment with chemotherapy and primary tumor control using surgery and/or radiation, survival rates for localized disease range from 70% to 75%. However, children with metastatic or recurrent disease continue to have dismal outcomes. A better understanding of the biology underlying both bone and soft-tissue sarcomas is required to further improve outcomes for children with these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine H HaDuong
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS 54, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Andrew A Martin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pauline Allen Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Medical Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, MC 9063, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Stephen X Skapek
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pauline Allen Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Medical Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, MC 9063, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Leo Mascarenhas
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS 54, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
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Wolf S, Hagl B, Kappler R. Identification of BMP2 as an epigenetically silenced growth inhibitor in rhabdomyosarcoma. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1727-35. [PMID: 24585058 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma of infancy and although therapy has improved over the years, mortality is still fairly high. The establishment of new treatments has been hampered by the limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms driving development of RMS. One characteristic of cancer cells is aberrant DNA methylation, which could lead to silencing of tumor suppressor genes. However, only a few epigenetically silenced genes have been described in RMS so far. We performed an expression profiling analysis of three RMS cell lines that were treated with the demethylating agent 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza‑dC) facilitating re-expression of epigenetically silenced genes. This treatment induced the gene BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2) throughout all cell lines. Detailed methylation analysis of CpG sites in the BMP2 promoter region by bisulfite sequencing and methylation-specific PCR revealed that a high degree of DNA methylation is causatively associated with the suppression of BMP2 in RMS cells. Consequently, treatment of the RMS cell lines with 5-Aza-dC resulted in DNA demethylation of the BMP2 promoter, most prominently in alveolar RMS. Supplementation of recombinant human BMP2 (rhBMP2) led to a reduced viability of RMS cells. Altogether, these findings suggest that suppression of BMP2 by epigenetic silencing may play a critical role in the genesis of RMS, thereby providing a rationale for the development of a new treatment strategy for RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wolf
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Beate Hagl
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Kappler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-80337 Munich, Germany
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Distinct and overlapping sarcoma subtypes initiated from muscle stem and progenitor cells. Cell Rep 2013; 5:933-40. [PMID: 24239359 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, whereas undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas diagnosed in adults. To investigate the myogenic cell(s) of origin of these sarcomas, we used Pax7-CreER and MyoD-CreER mice to transform Pax7(+) and MyoD(+) myogenic progenitors by expressing oncogenic Kras(G12D) and deleting Trp53 in vivo. Pax7-CreER mice developed RMS and UPS, whereas MyoD-CreER mice developed UPS. Using gene set enrichment analysis, RMS and UPS each clustered specifically within their human counterparts. These results suggest that RMS and UPS have distinct and overlapping cells of origin within the muscle lineage. Taking them together, we have established mouse models of soft tissue sarcoma from muscle stem and progenitor cells.
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Wilson RA, Teng L, Bachmeyer KM, Bissonnette MLZ, Husain AN, Parham DM, Triche TJ, Wing MR, Gastier-Foster JM, Barr FG, Hawkins DS, Anderson JR, Skapek SX, Volchenboum SL. A novel algorithm for simplification of complex gene classifiers in cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5625-32. [PMID: 23913937 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The clinical application of complex molecular classifiers as diagnostic or prognostic tools has been limited by the time and cost needed to apply them to patients. Using an existing 50-gene expression signature known to separate two molecular subtypes of the pediatric cancer rhabdomyosarcoma, we show that an exhaustive iterative search algorithm can distill this complex classifier down to two or three features with equal discrimination. We validated the two-gene signatures using three separate and distinct datasets, including one that uses degraded RNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material. Finally, to show the generalizability of our algorithm, we applied it to a lung cancer dataset to find minimal gene signatures that can distinguish survival. Our approach can easily be generalized and coupled to existing technical platforms to facilitate the discovery of simplified signatures that are ready for routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael A Wilson
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Pathology, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington; Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; The Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Center for Research Informatics, and The Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Taulli R, Foglizzo V, Morena D, Coda DM, Ala U, Bersani F, Maestro N, Ponzetto C. Failure to downregulate the BAF53a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex contributes to the differentiation block in rhabdomyosarcoma. Oncogene 2013; 33:2354-62. [PMID: 23728344 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and young adults, is characterized by a partially differentiated myogenic phenotype. We have previously shown that the blocking of tumor growth and resumption of differentiation can be achieved by re-expression of miR-206, a muscle-enriched microRNA missing in RMS. In this work, we focused on BAF53a, one of the genes downregulated in miR-206-expressing RMS cells, which codes for a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Here we show that the BAF53a transcript is significantly higher in primary RMS tumors than in normal muscle, and is a direct target of miR-206. Sustained expression of BAF53a interferes with differentiation in myogenic cells, whereas its silencing in RMS cells increases expression of myogenic markers and inhibits proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Accordingly, BAF53a silencing also impairs embryonal RMS and alveolar RMS tumor growth, inducing their morphological and biochemical differentiation. These results indicate that failure to downregulate the BAF53a subunit may contribute to the pathogenesis of RMS, and suggest that BAF53a may represent a novel therapeutic target for this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Taulli
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Turin, Italy [2] CERMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - V Foglizzo
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Turin, Italy [2] CERMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - D Morena
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Turin, Italy [2] CERMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - D M Coda
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Turin, Italy [2] CERMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - U Ala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - F Bersani
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Turin, Italy [2] CERMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - N Maestro
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Turin, Italy [2] CERMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - C Ponzetto
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Turin, Italy [2] CERMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy
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Caserto BG. A Comparative Review of Canine and Human Rhabdomyosarcoma With Emphasis on Classification and Pathogenesis. Vet Pathol 2013; 50:806-26. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985813476069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcomas are a diverse group of malignant mesenchymal neoplasms exhibiting variable levels of differentiation toward skeletal myocytes. Neoplastic cells may resemble relatively undifferentiated myoblasts, satellite cells, or more differentiated elongated spindle cells and multicellular myotubes. In veterinary medicine, classification into subtypes and variants is based on an outdated system derived from human pathology and is solely based on histologic characteristics. In contrast, classification of human rhabdomyosarcoma is based on histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular diagnostic techniques, and subclassification has clinical and prognostic relevance. Relevance of tumor subtyping has not been established in veterinary medicine. Recent discoveries of components of the molecular pathogenesis and genomes of human rhabdomyosarcomas have led to new diagnostic techniques and revisions of the human classification system. The current classification system in veterinary medicine is reviewed in light of these changes. Diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma using histopathology, electron microscopy, and the clinical aspects of human and canine rhabdomyosarcomas is compared. The clinical features and biologic behavior of canine rhabdomyosarcomas are compared with canine soft tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. G. Caserto
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Herrero Martín D, Boro A, Schäfer BW. Cell-based small-molecule compound screen identifies fenretinide as potential therapeutic for translocation-positive rhabdomyosarcoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55072. [PMID: 23372815 PMCID: PMC3555977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of paediatric sarcomas are characterized by chromosomal translocations encoding specific oncogenic transcription factors. Such fusion proteins represent tumor specific therapeutic targets although so far it has not been possible to directly inhibit their activity by small-molecule compounds. In this study, we hypothesized that screening a small-molecule library might identify already existing drugs that are able to modulate the transcriptional activity of PAX3/FOXO1, the fusion protein specifically found in the pediatric tumor alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS). Towards this end, we established a reporter cell line based on the well characterized PAX3/FOXO1 target gene AP2ß. A library enriched in mostly FDA approved drugs was screened using specific luciferase activity as read-out and normalized for cell viability. The most effective inhibitor identified from this screen was Fenretinide. Treatment with this compound resulted in down-regulation of PAX3/FOXO1 mRNA and protein levels as well as in reduced expression of several of its direct target genes, but not of wild-type FOXO1, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, fenretinide induced reactive oxygen species and apoptosis as shown by caspase 9 and PARP cleavage and upregulated miR-9. Importantly, it demonstrated a significant anti-tumor effect in vivo. These results are similar to earlier reports for two other pediatric tumors, namely neuroblastoma and Ewing sarcoma, where fenretinide is under clinical development. Our results suggest that fenretinide might represent a novel treatment option also for translocation-positive rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Herrero Martín
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Benesch M, von Bueren AO, Dantonello T, von Hoff K, Pietsch T, Leuschner I, Claviez A, Bierbach U, Kropshofer G, Korinthenberg R, Graf N, Suttorp M, Kortmann RD, Friedrich C, von der Weid N, Kaatsch P, Klingebiel T, Koscielniak E, Rutkowski S. Primary intracranial soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents: a cooperative analysis of the European CWS and HIT study groups. J Neurooncol 2012; 111:337-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-012-1020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tuna M, Ju Z, Amos CI, Mills GB. Soft tissue sarcoma subtypes exhibit distinct patterns of acquired uniparental disomy. BMC Med Genomics 2012; 5:60. [PMID: 23217126 PMCID: PMC3541987 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are heterogeneous mesenchymal tumors with diverse subtypes. STS can be classified into two main categories according to the type of genomic alteration: recurrent translocation driven STS, and non-recurrent translocations. However, little has known about acquired uniparental disomy in STS. Methods In this study, we analyzed SNP microarray data to determine the frequency and distribution patterns of acquired uniparental disomy (aUPD) in major soft tissue sarcoma (STS) subtypes using CNAG and R softwares. Results We identified recurrent aUPD regions specific to alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with the most frequent at 11p15.4, gastrointestinal stromal tumor at 1p36.11-p35.3, leiomyosarcoma at 17p13.3-p13.1, myxofibrosarcoma at 1p35.1-p34.2 and 16q23.3-q24.1, and pleomorphic liposarcoma at 13q13.2-q13.3 and 13q14.11-q14.2. In contrast, specific recurrent aUPD regions were not identified in dedifferentiated liposarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, myxoid/round cell liposarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. Strikingly total, centromeric and segmental aUPD regions are more frequent in STS that do not exhibit recurrent translocation events. Conclusions Our study yields a detailed map of aUPD across 9 diverse STS subtypes and suggests the potential location of several novel tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaffe Tuna
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
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Zanola A, Rossi S, Faggi F, Monti E, Fanzani A. Rhabdomyosarcomas: an overview on the experimental animal models. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1377-91. [PMID: 22225829 PMCID: PMC3823208 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are aggressive childhood soft-tissue malignancies deriving from mesenchymal progenitors that are committed to muscle-specific lineages. Despite the histopathological signatures associated with three main histological variants, termed embryonal, alveolar and pleomorphic, a plethora of genetic and molecular changes are recognized in RMS. Over the years, exposure to carcinogens or ionizing radiations and gene-targeting approaches in vivo have greatly contributed to disclose some of the mechanisms underlying RMS onset. In this review, we describe the principal distinct features associated with RMS variants and focus on the current available experimental animal models to point out the molecular determinants cooperating with RMS development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zanola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Stramare R, Beltrame V, Gazzola M, Gerardi M, Scattolin G, Coran A, Faccinetto A, Rastrelli M, Riccardo Rossi C. Imaging of soft-tissue tumors. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 37:791-804. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Prognostic factors and survival in pediatric and adolescent liposarcoma. Sarcoma 2012; 2012:870910. [PMID: 22991488 PMCID: PMC3443598 DOI: 10.1155/2012/870910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Liposarcoma is extremely rare in the pediatric population. To identify prognostic factors and determine treatment outcomes, we reviewed our institutional experience with pediatric liposarcoma. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed all pediatric patients (age <22 years) with confirmed liposarcoma treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Histologic subtype, tumor location, margin status, recurrence, and adjuvant therapy were analyzed and correlated with overall survival. Results. Thirty-four patients (56% male) with a median age of 18.1 years were identified. Twenty-two (65%) had peripheral tumors and 12 (35%) had centrally located tumors. Histologically, 29 (85%) tumors were low grade, and 5 (15%) were high grade pleomorphic. Eleven (32%) had recurrent disease, 9 patients with central tumors and 2 patients with peripheral lesions. Eight deaths occurred, all in patients with central disease. Five-year overall survival was 78%, with a median follow-up time of 5.4 years (range, 0.3–30.3 years). Tumor grade (P = .003), histologic subtype (P = .01), and primary location (P < .001) all correlated with survival, as did stage (P < .001) and margin status (P = .001). Conclusions. Central location of the primary tumor, high tumor grade, and positive surgical margins are strongly correlated with poor survival in pediatric patients with liposarcoma.
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Davicioni E, Wai DH, Anderson MJ. Diagnostic and Prognostic Sarcoma Signatures. Mol Diagn Ther 2012; 12:359-74. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03256302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Crose LES, Etheridge KT, Chen C, Belyea B, Talbot LJ, Bentley RC, Linardic CM. FGFR4 blockade exerts distinct antitumorigenic effects in human embryonal versus alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3780-90. [PMID: 22648271 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignancy with features of skeletal muscle, and the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood. Survival for high-risk groups is approximately 30% at 5 years and there are no durable therapies tailored to its genetic aberrations. During genetic modeling of the common RMS variants, embryonal RMS (eRMS) and alveolar RMS (aRMS), we noted that the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) was upregulated as an early event in aRMS. Herein, we evaluated the expression of FGFR4 in eRMS compared with aRMS, and whether FGFR4 had similar or distinct roles in their tumorigenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Human RMS cell lines and tumor tissue were analyzed for FGFR4 expression by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. Genetic and pharmacologic loss-of-function of FGFR4 using virally transduced short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and the FGFR small-molecule inhibitor PD173074, respectively, were used to study the role of FGFR4 in RMS cell lines in vitro and xenografts in vivo. Expression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL2L1 was also examined. RESULTS FGFR4 is expressed in both RMS subtypes, but protein expression is higher in aRMS. The signature aRMS gene fusion product, PAX3-FOXO1, induced FGFR4 expression in primary human myoblasts. In eRMS, FGFR4 loss-of-function reduced cell proliferation in vitro and xenograft formation in vivo. In aRMS, it diminished cell survival in vitro. In myoblasts and aRMS, FGFR4 was necessary and sufficient for expression of BCL2L1 whereas in eRMS, this induction was not observed, suggesting differential FGFR4 signaling. CONCLUSION These studies define dichotomous roles for FGFR4 in RMS subtypes, and support further study of FGFR4 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E S Crose
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Salman M, Tamim H, Medlej F, El-Ariss T, Saad F, Boulos F, Eid T, Muwakkit S, Khoury N, Abboud M, Saab R. Rhabdomyosarcoma treatment and outcome at a multidisciplinary pediatric cancer center in Lebanon. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012; 29:322-34. [PMID: 22568795 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2012.676721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. Outcome of patients treated on standard protocols, in a multidisciplinary cancer center setting outside of clinical trials, is not well reported. We reviewed characteristics and outcome of 23 pediatric patients treated at a single, multidisciplinary cancer center in Lebanon, between April 2002 and December 2010. Median follow-up was 41 months. The most commonly affected primary site was the head and neck (48%, n = 11). Nineteen tumors (82.6%) were of embryonal histology. Tumor size was ≥5 cm in eight (34.8%) patients. Sixteen patients (69.6%) had localized disease, and one (4.4%) had metastatic disease. Fifteen (65.2%) had Group III tumors. All patients received chemotherapy, for a duration ranging 21-51 weeks. Upfront surgical resection was performed in 10 patients (43.5%). Eighteen patients (78.3%) received radiation therapy. The 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 83% and 64%, respectively. Relapse correlated with absence of surgery. Treatment of childhood RMS in a multidisciplinary cancer center in Lebanon results in similar survival to that in developed countries when similar protocols are applied. There was a higher incidence of local relapse, but those were salvageable with further therapy and surgical local control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysaa Salman
- Department of Pediatrics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Abstract
Caveolins are scaffolding proteins that play a pivotal role in numerous processes, including caveolae biogenesis, vesicular transport, cholesterol homeostasis and regulation of signal transduction. There are three different isoforms (Cav-1, -2 and -3) that form homo- and hetero-aggregates at the plasma membrane and modulate the activity of a number of intracellular binding proteins. Cav-1 and Cav-3, in particular, are respectively expressed in the reserve elements (e.g. satellite cells) and in mature myofibres of skeletal muscle and their expression interplay characterizes the switch from muscle precursors to differentiated elements. Recent findings have shown that caveolins are also expressed in rhabdomyosarcoma, a group of heterogeneous childhood soft-tissue sarcomas in which the cancer cells seem to derive from progenitors that resemble myogenic cells. In this review, we will focus on the role of caveolins in rhabdomyosarcomas and on their potential use as markers of the degree of differentiation in these paediatric tumours. Given that the function of Cav-1 as tumour conditional gene in cancer has been well-established, we will also discuss the relationship between Cav-1 and the progression of rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Rossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Kachanov DY, Dobrenkov KV, Abdullaev RT, Shamanskaya TV, Varfolomeeva SR. Incidence and survival of pediatric soft tissue sarcomas in moscow region, Russian Federation, 2000-2009. Sarcoma 2012; 2012:350806. [PMID: 22566750 PMCID: PMC3337554 DOI: 10.1155/2012/350806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the incidence and survival rates of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) in children 0-14 years of age in Moscow Region, Russian Federation. The database of childhood population-based cancer registry of Moscow Region was used as a data source. Tumors were stratified according to International Classification of Childhood Cancer, 3d ed. Sixty-eight cases of STS were registered from 2000 to 2009. Crude incidence rate was 0,78, and age-standardized incidence rate using World Standard Population was 0,81 per 100.000 children/year. The highest age-specific incidence was observed in infants: 1,76 per 100.000 children/year. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) was the most common histological type comprising 54,4% of all STS. 5-year observed survival (OS) of all patients with STS was 64,1 (95% CI 55,0-73,2). There was no statistically significant difference in OS between RMS-59,2 (95% CI 47,0-71,4) and nonrhabdomyosarcoma STS-69,3 (95% CI 55,8-82,8) (P = 0.63). Incidence and survival rates of STS observed in the study were comparable to the other Eastern European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Y. Kachanov
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Russian State Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 1 Samory Mashela Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - K. V. Dobrenkov
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 1 Samory Mashela Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - R. T. Abdullaev
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 1 Samory Mashela Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - T. V. Shamanskaya
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 1 Samory Mashela Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - S. R. Varfolomeeva
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Russian State Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 1 Samory Mashela Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
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Is there a need for dedicated bone imaging in addition to 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in pediatric sarcoma patients? J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012; 34:131-6. [PMID: 22134608 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e3182282825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many children with sarcomas undergo whole body 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) and technetium methylene diphosphonate ((99)Tc-MDP) studies. It is unknown whether the combination of both tests results in more accurate detection of bone lesions than (18)F-FDG- PET/CT alone. METHODS (99)Tc-MDP bone and (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans were each read by 2 "blinded" observers and then reviewed side-by-side by 3 readers. Bone lesions were graded qualitatively on a 5-point scale (from benign to malignant). Clinical and imaging follow-up (n = 21) and bone biopsy results (n = 8) served as reference standard. RESULTS A total of 39 paired (99)Tc-MDP and (18)F-FDG-PET/CT studies (cases) performed at a mean interval 4 ± 7 days, were performed on 29 patients (mean age 12 ± 5 y). Of these, 21 patients (72%) had bone sarcoma, whereas 8 patients (28%) had soft tissue sarcoma. By patient and case-based analysis, (18)F-FDG PET/CT had an accuracy of 100%. Tc-MDP had accuracies of 90% and 82% by patient and case-based analysis. The combined interpretation had an accuracy of 97%. CONCLUSIONS In this study, (99)Tc-MDP bone imaging does not provide an added diagnostic value for bone involvement over (18)F-FDG-PET/CT.
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