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Chhichholiya Y, Singh HV, Singh S, Munshi A. Genetic variations in tumor-suppressor miRNA-encoding genes and their target genes: focus on breast cancer development and possible therapeutic strategies. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1-15. [PMID: 37093457 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) negatively affect gene expression by binding to their specific mRNAs resulting in either mRNA destruction or translational repression. The aberrant expression of various miRNAs has been associated with a number of human cancer. Oncogenic or tumor-suppressor miRNAs regulate a variety of pathways involved in the development of breast cancer (BC), including cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, cancer recurrence, and chemoresistance. Variations in miRNA-encoding genes and their target genes lead to dysregulated gene expression resulting in the development and progression of BC. The various therapeutic approaches to treat the disease include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgical removal, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted biological therapy. The purpose of the current review is to explore the genetic variations in tumor-suppressor miRNA-encoding genes and their target genes in association with the disease development and prognosis. The therapeutic interventions targeting the variants for better disease outcomes have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Chhichholiya
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Harsh Vikram Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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2
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Wang R, Kumar P, Reda M, Wallstrum AG, Crumrine NA, Ngamcherdtrakul W, Yantasee W. Nanotechnology Applications in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2308639. [PMID: 38126905 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation cancer treatments are expected not only to target cancer cells but also to simultaneously train immune cells to combat cancer while modulating the immune-suppressive environment of tumors and hosts to ensure a robust and lasting response. Achieving this requires carriers that can codeliver multiple therapeutics to the right cancer and/or immune cells while ensuring patient safety. Nanotechnology holds great potential for addressing these challenges. This article highlights the recent advances in nanoimmunotherapeutic development, with a focus on breast cancer. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved remarkable success and lead to cures in some cancers, their response rate in breast cancer is low. The poor response rate in solid tumors is often associated with the low infiltration of anti-cancer T cells and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). To enhance anti-cancer T-cell responses, nanoparticles are employed to deliver ICIs, bispecific antibodies, cytokines, and agents that induce immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD). Additionally, nanoparticles are used to manipulate various components of the TME, such as immunosuppressive myeloid cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts to improve T-cell activities. Finally, this article discusses the outlook, challenges, and future directions of nanoimmunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S Bond Ave, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S Bond Ave, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Moataz Reda
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, 3303 S Bond Ave, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | - Noah A Crumrine
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, 3303 S Bond Ave, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | - Wassana Yantasee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S Bond Ave, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, 3303 S Bond Ave, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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3
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Ngamcherdtrakul W, Bejan DS, Cruz-Muñoz W, Reda M, Zaidan HY, Siriwon N, Marshall S, Wang R, Nelson MA, Rehwaldt JPC, Gray JW, Hynynen K, Yantasee W. Targeted Nanoparticle for Co-delivery of HER2 siRNA and a Taxane to Mirror the Standard Treatment of HER2+ Breast Cancer: Efficacy in Breast Tumor and Brain Metastasis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107550. [PMID: 35083840 PMCID: PMC8959011 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The first-line treatment of advanced and metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2+) breast cancer requires two HER2-targeting antibodies (trastuzumab and pertuzumab) and a taxane (docetaxel or paclitaxel). The three-drug regimen costs over $320,000 per treatment course, requires a 4 h infusion time, and has many adverse side effects, while achieving only 18 months of progression-free survival. To replace this regimen, reduce infusion time, and enhance efficacy, a single therapeutic is developed based on trastuzumab-conjugated nanoparticles for co-delivering docetaxel and siRNA against HER2 (siHER2). The optimal nanoconstruct has a hydrodynamic size of 100 nm and specifically treats HER2+ breast cancer cells over organ-derived normal cells. In a drug-resistant orthotopic HER2+ HCC1954 tumor mouse model, the nanoconstruct inhibits tumor growth more effectively than the docetaxel and trastuzumab combination. When coupled with microbubble-assisted focused ultrasound that transiently disrupts the blood brain barrier, the nanoconstruct inhibits the growth of trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ BT474 tumors residing in the brains of mice. The nanoconstruct has a favorable safety profile in cells and in mice. Combination therapies have become the cornerstone of cancer treatment and this versatile nanoparticle platform can co-deliver multiple therapeutic types to ensure that they reach the target cells at the same time to realize their synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel S Bejan
- PDX Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3303 S Bond Ave, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - William Cruz-Muñoz
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Moataz Reda
- PDX Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3303 S Bond Ave, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Husam Y Zaidan
- PDX Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3303 S Bond Ave, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Natnaree Siriwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S Bond Ave, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Suphalak Marshall
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Ruijie Wang
- PDX Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3303 S Bond Ave, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Molly A Nelson
- PDX Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3303 S Bond Ave, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | - Joe W Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S Bond Ave, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Wassana Yantasee
- PDX Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3303 S Bond Ave, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S Bond Ave, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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4
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Ngamcherdtrakul W, Reda M, Nelson MA, Wang R, Zaidan HY, Bejan DS, Hoang NH, Lane RS, Luoh SW, Leachman SA, Mills GB, Gray JW, Lund AW, Yantasee W. In Situ Tumor Vaccination with Nanoparticle Co-Delivering CpG and STAT3 siRNA to Effectively Induce Whole-Body Antitumor Immune Response. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100628. [PMID: 34118167 PMCID: PMC8424660 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The success of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in a subset of individuals has been very exciting. However, in many cancers, responses to current ICIs are modest and are seen only in a small subsets of patients. Herein, a widely applicable approach that increases the benefit of ICIs is reported. Intratumoral administration of augmenting immune response and inhibiting suppressive environment of tumors-AIRISE-02 nanotherapeutic that co-delivers CpG and STAT3 siRNA-results in not only regression of the injected tumor, but also tumors at distant sites in multiple tumor model systems. In particular, three doses of AIRISE-02 in combination with systemic ICIs completely cure both treated and untreated aggressive melanoma tumors in 63% of mice, while ICIs alone do not cure any mice. A long-term memory immune effect is also reported. AIRISE-02 is effective in breast and colon tumor models as well. Lastly, AIRISE-02 is well tolerated in mice and nonhuman primates. This approach combines multiple therapeutic agents into a single nanoconstruct to create whole-body immune responses across multiple cancer types. Being a local therapeutic, AIRISE-02 circumvents regulatory challenges of systemic nanoparticle delivery, facilitating rapid translation to the clinic. AIRISE-02 is under investigational new drug (IND)-enabling studies, and clinical trials will soon follow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moataz Reda
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | - Ruijie Wang
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | | | - Ngoc Ha Hoang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ryan S Lane
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Shiuh-Wen Luoh
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sancy A Leachman
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Joe W Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Wassana Yantasee
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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5
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Tian Z, Liang G, Cui K, Liang Y, Wang Q, Lv S, Cheng X, Zhang L. Insight Into the Prospects for RNAi Therapy of Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644718. [PMID: 33796026 PMCID: PMC8007863 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), also known as gene silencing, is a biological process that prevents gene expression in certain diseases such as cancer. It can be used to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and stability of treatments, particularly genetic therapies. However, challenges such as delivery of oligonucleotide drug to less accessible parts of the body and the high incidence of toxic side effects are encountered. It is therefore imperative to improve their delivery to target sites and reduce their harmful effects on noncancerous cells to harness their full potential. In this study, the role of RNAi in the treatment of COVID-19, the novel coronavirus disease plaguing many countries, has been discussed. This review aims to ascertain the mechanism and application of RNAi and explore the current challenges of RNAi therapy by identifying some of the cancer delivery systems and providing drug information for their improvement. It is worth mentioning that delivery systems such as lipid-based delivery systems and exosomes have revolutionized RNAi therapy by reducing their immunogenicity and improving their cellular affinity. A deeper understanding of the mechanism and challenges associated with RNAi in cancer therapy can provide new insights into RNAi drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Tian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guohui Liang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kunli Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yayu Liang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuangyu Lv
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoxia Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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6
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Expanding the Scope of the Cleavable N-(methoxy)oxazolidine Linker for the Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Conjugates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020490. [PMID: 33477693 PMCID: PMC7838870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotides modified by a 2′-deoxy-2′-(N-methoxyamino) ribonucleotide react readily with aldehydes in slightly acidic conditions to yield the corresponding N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linked oligonucleotide-conjugates. The reaction is reversible and dynamic in slightly acidic conditions, while the products are virtually stable above pH 7, where the reaction is in a ‘‘switched off-state’’. Small molecular examinations have demonstrated that aldehyde constituents affect the cleavage rate of the N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linkage. This can be utilized to adjust the stability of this pH-responsive cleavable linker for drug delivery applications. In the present study, Fmoc-β-Ala-H was immobilized to a serine-modified ChemMatrix resin and used for the automated assembly of two peptidealdehydes and one aldehyde-modified peptide nucleic acid (PNA). In addition, a triantennary N-acetyl-d-galactosamine-cluster with a β-Ala-H unit has been synthesized. These aldehydes were conjugated via N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linkage to therapeutically relevant oligonucleotide phosphorothioates and one DNA-aptamer in 19–47% isolated yields. The cleavage rates of the conjugates were studied in slightly acidic conditions. In addition to the diverse set of conjugates synthesized, these experiments and a comparison to published data demonstrate that the simple conversion of Gly-H to β-Ala-H residue resulted in a faster cleavage of the N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linker at pH 5, being comparable (T0.5 ca 7 h) to hydrazone-based structures.
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7
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Shu M, Gao F, Yu C, Zeng M, He G, Wu Y, Su Y, Hu N, Zhou Z, Yang Z, Xu L. Dual-targeted therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer cells with the combination of carbon dots/HER3 siRNA and trastuzumab. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:335102. [PMID: 32303014 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8a8a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dual-targeted therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer cells with the combination of carbon dots/HER3 siRNA and trastuzumab resulted in enhanced antitumor activity, which overcomes the resistance to trastuzumab monotherapy. Herein, we have developed branched polyethylenimine-functionalized carbon dot (BP-CD) nanocarriers, which exhibited efficient green fluorescent protein gene delivery and expression. The positively charged BP-CDs allowed for effective nucleic acid binding and displayed a highly efficient small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated delivery targeting of cancer cells. The transfection of BP-CDs and HER3 siRNA complexes down-regulated HER3 protein expression and induced significant cell growth inhibition in BT-474 cells. BP-CDs/HER3 siRNA complexes induced cell death of BT-474 cells through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The combined treatment of BP-CDs/HER3 siRNA complexes and trastuzumab caused greater cell growth suppression in BT-474 cells when compared to either agent alone. The findings suggest that this dual-targeted therapy with the combination of BP-CDs/HER3 siRNA and trastuzumab represents a promising approach in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Shu
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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8
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Bhatia P, Sharma V, Alam O, Manaithiya A, Alam P, Kahksha, Alam MT, Imran M. Novel quinazoline-based EGFR kinase inhibitors: A review focussing on SAR and molecular docking studies (2015-2019). Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112640. [PMID: 32739648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The over expression of EGFR has been recognized as the driver mechanism in the occurrence and progression of carcinomas such as lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, etcetera. EGFR receptor was thus established as an important target for the management of solid tumors. The occurrence of resistance caused as a result of mutations in EGFR has presented a formidable challenge in the discovery of novel inhibitors of EGFR. This has resulted in the development of three generations of EGFR TKIs. Newer mutations like C797S cause failure of Osimertinib and other EGFR TKIs belonging to the third-generation caused by the development of resistance. In this review, we have summarized the work done in the last five years to overcome the limitations of currently marketed drugs, giving structural activity relationships of quinazoline-based lead compounds synthesized and tested recently. We have also highlighted the shortcomings of the currently used approaches and have provided guidance for circumventing these limitations. Our review would help medicinal chemists streamline and guide their efforts towards developing novel quinazoline-based EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Bhatia
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Vrinda Sharma
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Ozair Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Ajay Manaithiya
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Perwaiz Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kahksha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Md Tauquir Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Pin Code 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Pin Code 91911, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Padayachee J, Daniels A, Balgobind A, Ariatti M, Singh M. HER-2/neu and MYC gene silencing in breast cancer: therapeutic potential and advancement in nonviral nanocarrier systems. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1437-1452. [PMID: 32515263 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women, with approximately 1.4 million new cases diagnosed annually. Associated genetic perturbations are emerging in the face of intense scientific enquiry, facilitating its classification, prognostication and treatment. RNAi, utilizing siRNA, is a powerful treatment strategy to silence disease-causing genes. However, therapeutic siRNA instability and poor cellular uptake have limited its clinical application, necessitating the use of nanocarriers. In this review, we highlight the RNAi mechanism, HER-2/neu and MYC as breast cancer gene targets, and nonviral nanocarriers as potentially safe and efficient delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jananee Padayachee
- Nano-Gene & Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Aliscia Daniels
- Nano-Gene & Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Adhika Balgobind
- Nano-Gene & Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Mario Ariatti
- Nano-Gene & Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Nano-Gene & Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa
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10
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Ngamcherdtrakul W, Yantasee W. siRNA therapeutics for breast cancer: recent efforts in targeting metastasis, drug resistance, and immune evasion. Transl Res 2019; 214:105-120. [PMID: 31487500 PMCID: PMC6848785 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has an established and precise mode of action to achieve protein knockdown. With the ability to target any protein, it is very attractive as a potential therapeutic for a plethora of diseases driven by the (over)expression of certain proteins. Utilizing siRNA to understand and treat cancer, a disease largely driven by genetic aberration, is thus actively investigated. However, the main hurdle for the clinical translation of siRNA therapeutics is to achieve effective delivery of siRNA molecules to tumors and the site of action, the cytosol, within cancer cells. Several nanoparticle delivery platforms for siRNA have been developed. In this Review, we describe recent efforts in developing siRNA therapeutics for the treatment of cancer, with particular emphasis on breast cancer. Instead of conventionally targeting proliferation and apoptosis aspects of tumorigenesis, we focus on recent attempts in targeting cancer's metastasis, drug resistance, and immune evasion, which are considered more challenging and less manageable in clinics with current therapeutic molecules. siRNA can target all proteins, including traditionally undruggable proteins, and is thus poised to address these clinical challenges. Evidence also suggests that siRNA can be superior to antibodies or small molecule inhibitors when inhibiting the same druggable pathway. In addition to cancer cells, the role of the tumor microenvironment has been increasingly appreciated. Components in the tumor microenvironment, particularly immune cells, and thus siRNA-based immunotherapy, are under extensive investigation. Lastly, multiple siRNAs with or without additional drugs can be codelivered on the same nanoparticle to the same target site of action, maximizing their potential synergy while limiting off-target toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wassana Yantasee
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Portland, Oregon; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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11
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Sivakumar PM, Peimanfard S, Zarrabi A, Khosravi A, Islami M. Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosystems as Drug Carriers for Cancer Therapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 20:1327-1339. [PMID: 31490765 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190906160359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cyclodextrins have been of great interest as excellent candidates for fabricating versatile nano-drug delivery systems due to their commercial availability, easy functionalization, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility and safety. The possibility of reversible inclusion complex formation between cyclodextrins and various guest molecules in association with versatile exclusive properties of cyclodextrins offer a route towards the fabrication of highly sophisticated nanostructures with enormous potential for cancer treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS The current review discusses important recent advances in the fabrication and development of cyclodextrin-based nanostructures for cancer therapy. Firstly, the formation of inclusion complexes between cyclodextrin derivatives and anticancer compounds, as well as their application, are summarized. Secondly, the cyclodextrins -based nanosystems including cyclodextrin-containing polymers, cyclodextrin-based supramolecular necklaces, which consist of polyrotaxanes and polypseudorotaxanes and cyclodextrin based hydrogels accompanied by their applications in cancer treatment are highlighted. In the end, the future perspective of this field is discussed. CONCLUSION Numerous investigations in this area pave the way for the flourishing of the next generation of nano-therapeutics towards enhanced cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnurengam M Sivakumar
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Shohreh Peimanfard
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research & Application Center (SUNUM), Orta Mh. Üniversite Cd. No: 27/1
- 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arezoo Khosravi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Matin Islami
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Cheng Z, Wei W, Wu Z, Wang J, Ding X, Sheng Y, Han Y, Wu Q. ARPC2 promotes breast cancer proliferation and metastasis. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:3189-3200. [PMID: 31002363 PMCID: PMC6488984 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex (ARPC2) is an actin‑binding component involved in the regulation of actin polymerization. It mediates the formation of branched actin networks and contacts the mother actin filament. Migration and invasion are key processes which enable tumor cells to infiltrate blood vessels or lymphatic vessels, and the actin pathway plays a very important role. Given that ARPC2 is critical to this progression, the present study focused on ARPC2 activity in breast cancer (BrCa) cell invasion and migration. Limited data are available on the expression and role of ARPC2 proteins in breast carcinomas. We screened the Oncomine database for messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that are upregulated in BrCa and found that ARPC2 was one of the most consistently involved mRNAs in BrCa. The analysis of immunohistochemical data revealed that ARPC2 expression was higher in breast cancerous tissues than in adjacent non‑cancerous tissues. In addition, ARPC2 was highly associated with the tumor stage, nodal metastasis, and overall survival of patients with BrCa. We performed siRNA‑ARPC2 transfection to investigate the effect of ARPC2 on the proliferation, migration, invasion and arrest of BrCa cells. It was revealed that ectopic ARPC2 expression significantly upregulated N‑cadherin, vimentin, ZEB1, MMP‑9 and MMP‑3 expression and also activated the TGF‑β pathway to contribute to epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT). These results collectively indicated that ARPC2 promoted the tumorigenesis of breast carcinoma and the initiation of EMT. Therefore, ARPC2 was revealed to be a potential therapeutic target in patients with BrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongle Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Zhengshen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Youjing Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yinli Han
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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13
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Ngamcherdtrakul W, Sangvanich T, Reda M, Gu S, Bejan D, Yantasee W. Lyophilization and stability of antibody-conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticle with cationic polymer and PEG for siRNA delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4015-4027. [PMID: 30022824 PMCID: PMC6045907 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s164393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Long-term stability of therapeutic candidates is necessary toward their clinical applications. For most nanoparticle systems formulated in aqueous solutions, lyophilization or freeze-drying is a common method to ensure long-term stability. While lyophilization of lipid, polymeric, or inorganic nanoparticles have been studied, little has been reported on lyophilization and stability of hybrid nanoparticle systems, consisting of polymers, inorganic particles, and antibody. Lyophilization of complex nanoparticle systems can be challenging with respect to preserving physicochemical properties and the biological activities of the materials. We recently reported an effective small-interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticle carrier consisting of 50-nm mesoporous silica nanoparticles decorated with a copolymer of polyethylenimine and polyethyleneglycol, and antibody. Materials and methods Toward future personalized medicine, the nanoparticle carriers were lyophilized alone and loaded with siRNA upon reconstitution by a few minutes of simple mixing in phosphate-buffered saline. Herein, we optimize the lyophilization of the nanoparticles in terms of buffers, lyoprotectants, reconstitution, and time and temperature of freezing and drying steps, and monitor the physical and chemical properties (reconstitution, hydrodynamic size, charge, and siRNA loading) and biological activities (gene silencing, cancer cell killing) of the materials after storing at various temperatures and times. Results The material was best formulated in Tris-HCl buffer with 5% w/w trehalose. Freezing step was performed at −55°C for 3 h, followed by a primary drying step at −40°C (100 µBar) for 24 h and a secondary drying step at 20°C (20 µBar) for 12 h. The lyophilized material can be stored stably for 2 months at 4°C and at least 6 months at −20°C. Conclusion We successfully developed the lyophilization process that should be applicable to other similar nanoparticle systems consisting of inorganic nanoparticle cores modified with cationic polymers, PEG, and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worapol Ngamcherdtrakul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA, .,Nanomedicine Research Unit, PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Portland, OR, USA,
| | - Thanapon Sangvanich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA,
| | - Moataz Reda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA,
| | - Shenda Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA,
| | - Daniel Bejan
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Portland, OR, USA,
| | - Wassana Yantasee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA, .,Nanomedicine Research Unit, PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Portland, OR, USA,
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14
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Hong SS, Zhang MX, Zhang M, Yu Y, Chen J, Zhang XY, Xu CJ. Follicle-stimulating hormone peptide-conjugated nanoparticles for targeted shRNA delivery lead to effective gro-α silencing and antitumor activity against ovarian cancer. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:576-584. [PMID: 29461120 PMCID: PMC6058603 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1440667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinct hormone molecules and receptors, such as follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) in ovarian cancer, provide opportunities for more precisely targeted therapy. We previously developed FSHR-mediated nanoparticles and found that FSH peptides on the surface of nanoparticles improved the delivery of short interfering RNA (siRNA) into ovarian cancer cells. However, the high toxicity of the nanoparticles and the transient silencing of the siRNA in vivo limited further study. Here, we developed FSH peptide-conjugated nanoparticles with an increased amount of polyethylene glycol (PEG) grafting and encapsulated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to silence the target gene, growth-regulated oncogene α (gro-α). The nanoparticle complexes exhibited good stability over three weeks. Expression of the target gene, gro-α, was significantly down-regulated by gro-α shRNA-loaded nanoparticles conjugated with FSH peptides (FSH33-G-NP) in FSHR-positive HEY cells. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were also inhibited by FSH33-G-NP. Tumor growth was delayed significantly in the mice treated with FSH33-G-NP. No significant loss of body weight or severe toxic effects were observed in any groups. In conclusion, gro-α shRNA-loaded nanoparticles conjugated with FSH peptides overcame the drawbacks of the in vivo application of RNAi therapeutics and polymer-based nanocarriers and showed safe antitumor efficacy. Our study might contribute to the application of FSHR-based targeted therapy and imaging in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Hong
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ming-Xing Zhang
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Meng Zhang
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yi Yu
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jun Chen
- b Departments of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,d Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases , Shanghai , China
| | - Cong-Jian Xu
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,d Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases , Shanghai , China
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15
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A copper based enzyme-free fluorescence ELISA for HER2 detection. J Immunol Methods 2017; 451:78-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Morry J, Ngamcherdtrakul W, Yantasee W. Oxidative stress in cancer and fibrosis: Opportunity for therapeutic intervention with antioxidant compounds, enzymes, and nanoparticles. Redox Biol 2017; 11:240-253. [PMID: 28012439 PMCID: PMC5198743 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, mainly contributed by reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been implicated in pathogenesis of several diseases. We review two primary examples; fibrosis and cancer. In fibrosis, ROS promote activation and proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, activating TGF-β pathway in an autocrine manner. In cancer, ROS account for its genomic instability, resistance to apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Importantly, ROS trigger cancer cell invasion through invadopodia formation as well as extravasation into a distant metastasis site. Use of antioxidant supplements, enzymes, and inhibitors for ROS-generating NADPH oxidases (NOX) is a logical therapeutic intervention for fibrosis and cancer. We review such attempts, progress, and challenges. Lastly, we review how nanoparticles with inherent antioxidant activity can also be a promising therapeutic option, considering their additional feature as a delivery platform for drugs, genes, and imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingga Morry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Worapol Ngamcherdtrakul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA; PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Wassana Yantasee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA; PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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17
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Morry J, Ngamcherdtrakul W, Gu S, Reda M, Castro DJ, Sangvanich T, Gray JW, Yantasee W. Targeted Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer by PLK1 siRNA Delivered by an Antioxidant Nanoparticle Platform. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:763-772. [PMID: 28138033 PMCID: PMC5445934 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is developed in about 20% to 30% of newly diagnosed patients with early-stage breast cancer despite treatments. Herein, we report a novel nanoparticle platform with intrinsic antimetastatic properties for the targeted delivery of Polo-like kinase 1 siRNA (siPLK1). We first evaluated it in a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) model, which shows high metastatic potential. PLK1 was identified as the top therapeutic target for TNBC cells and tumor-initiating cells in a kinome-wide screen. The platform consists of a 50-nm mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNP) core coated layer-by-layer with bioreducible cross-linked PEI and PEG polymers, conjugated with an antibody for selective uptake into cancer cells. siRNA is loaded last and fully protected under the PEG layer from blood enzymatic degradation. The material has net neutral charge and low nonspecific cytotoxicity. We have also shown for the first time that the MSNP itself inhibited cancer migration and invasion in TNBC cells owing to its ROS- and NOX4-modulating properties. In vivo, siPLK1 nanoconstructs (six doses of 0.5 mg/kg) knocked down about 80% of human PLK1 mRNA expression in metastatic breast cancer cells residing in mouse lungs and reduced tumor incidence and burden in lungs and other organs of an experimental metastasis mouse model. Long-term treatment significantly delayed the onset of death in mice and improved the overall survival. The platform capable of simultaneously inhibiting the proliferative and metastatic hallmarks of cancer progression is unique and has great therapeutic potential to also target other metastatic cancers beyond TNBC. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 763-72. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingga Morry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Worapol Ngamcherdtrakul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shenda Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Moataz Reda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David J Castro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Portland, Oregon
| | - Thanapon Sangvanich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joe W Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Wassana Yantasee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Portland, Oregon
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18
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Hu L, Hu S, Guo L, Shen C, Yang M, Rasooly A. DNA Generated Electric Current Biosensor. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2547-2552. [PMID: 28219246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its primary function as a genetic material, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is also a potential biologic energy source for molecular electronics. For the first time, we demonstrate that DNA can generate a redox electric current. As an example of this new functionality, DNA generated redox current was used for electrochemical detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a clinically important breast cancer biomarker. To induce redox current, the phosphate of the single stranded DNA aptamer backbone was reacted with molybdate to form redox molybdophosphate precipitate and generate an electrochemical current of ∼16.8 μA/μM cm2. This detection of HER2 was performed using a sandwich detection assay. A HER2 specific peptide was immobilized onto a gold electrode surface for capturing HER2 in buffer and serum. The HER2 specific aptamer was used as both ligand to bind the captured HER2 and to generate a redox current signal. When tested for HER2 detection, the electrochemical current generated by the aptasensor was proportional to HER2 concentration in the range of 0.01 to 5 ng/mL, with a current generated in the range of ∼6.37 to 31.8 μA/cm2 in both buffer and serum. This detection level is within the clinically relevant range of HER2 concentrations. This method of electrochemical signal amplification greatly simplifies the signal transduction of aptasensors, broadening their use for HER2 analysis. This novel approach of using the same aptamer as biosensor ligand and as transducer can be universally extended to other aptasensors for a wide array of biodetection applications. Moreover, electric currents generated by DNA or other nucleic acids can be used in molecular electronics or implanted devices for both power generation and measurement of output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanshuang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, China , 410083
| | - Shengqiang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, China , 410083
| | - Linyan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, China , 410083
| | - Congcong Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, China , 410083
| | - Minghui Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, China , 410083
| | - Avraham Rasooly
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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