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Ling X, Xu W, Tang J, Cao Q, Luo G, Chen X, Yang S, Reinach PS, Yan D. The Role of Ubiquitination and the E3 Ligase Nedd4 in Regulating Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:29. [PMID: 38888282 PMCID: PMC11186577 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ubiquitination serves as a fundamental post-translational modification in numerous cellular events. Yet, its role in regulating corneal epithelial wound healing (CEWH) remains elusive. This study endeavored to determine the function and mechanism of ubiquitination in CEWH. Methods Western blot and immunoprecipitation were used to discern ubiquitination alterations during CEWH in mice. Interventions, including neuronally expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (Nedd4) siRNA and proteasome/lysosome inhibitor, assessed their impact on CEWH. In vitro analyses, such as the scratch wound assay, MTS assay, and EdU staining, were conducted to gauge cell migration and proliferation in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Moreover, transfection of miR-30/200 coupled with a luciferase activity assay ascertained their regulatory mechanism on Nedd4. Results Global ubiquitination levels were markedly increased during the mouse CEWH. Importantly, the application of either proteasomal or lysosomal inhibitors notably impeded the healing process both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, Nedd4 was identified as an essential E3 ligase for CEWH. Nedd4 expression was significantly upregulated during CEWH. In vivo studies revealed that downregulation of Nedd4 substantially delayed CEWH, whereas further investigations underscored its role in regulating cell proliferation and migration, through the Stat3 pathway by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Notably, our findings pinpointed miR-30/200 family members as direct regulators of Nedd4. Conclusions Ubiquitination holds pivotal significance in orchestrating CEWH. The critical E3 ligase Nedd4, under the regulatory purview of miR-30 and miR-200, facilitates CEWH through PTEN-mediated Stat3 signaling. This revelation sheds light on a prospective therapeutic target within the realm of CEWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiongjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guangying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peter Sol Reinach
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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2
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Wilkin MB, Whiteford R, Akbar T, Hosseini-Alghaderi S, Revici R, Carbery AM, Baron M. The First Defined Null Allele of the Notch Regulator, a Suppressor of Deltex: Uncovering Its Novel Roles in Drosophila melanogaster Oogenesis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:522. [PMID: 38785929 PMCID: PMC11118177 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of deltex (Su(dx)) is a Drosophila melanogaster member of the NEDD4 family of the HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligases. Su(dx) acts as a regulator of Notch endocytic trafficking, promoting Notch lysosomal degradation and the down-regulation of both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent signalling, the latter involving trafficking through the endocytic pathway and activation of the endo/lysosomal membrane. Mutations of Su(dx) result in developmental phenotypes in the Drosophila wing that reflect increased Notch signalling, leading to gaps in the specification of the wing veins, and Su(dx) functions to provide the developmental robustness of Notch activity to environmental temperature shifts. The full developmental functions of Su(dx) are unclear; however, this is due to a lack of a clearly defined null allele. Here we report the first defined null mutation of Su(dx), generated by P-element excision, which removes the complete open reading frame. We show that the mutation is recessive-viable, with the Notch gain of function phenotypes affecting wing vein and leg development. We further uncover new roles for Su(dx) in Drosophila oogenesis, where it regulates interfollicular stalk formation, egg chamber separation and germline cyst enwrapment by the follicle stem cells. Interestingly, while the null allele exhibited a gain in Notch activity during oogenesis, the previously described Su(dx)SP allele, which carries a seven amino acid in-frame deletion, displayed a Notch loss of function phenotypes and an increase in follicle stem cell turnover. This is despite both alleles displaying similar Notch gain of function in wing development. We attribute this unexpected context-dependent outcome of Su(dx)sp being due to the partial retention of function by the intact C2 and WW domain regions of the protein. Our results extend our understanding of the developmental role of Su(dx) in the tissue renewal and homeostasis of the Drosophila ovary and illustrate the importance of examining an allelic series of mutations to fully understand developmental functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Baron
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building and Oxford Rd., Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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3
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Cai J, Qiao Y, Chen L, Lu Y, Zheng D. Regulation of the Notch signaling pathway by natural products for cancer therapy. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109483. [PMID: 37848105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that modulates normal biological processes involved in cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and stem cell self-renewal in a context-dependent fashion. Attributed to its pleiotropic physiological roles, both overexpression and silencing of the pathway are associated with the emergence, progression, and poorer prognosis in various types of cancer. To decrease disease incidence and promote survival, targeting Notch may have chemopreventive and anti-cancer effects. Natural products with profound historical origins have distinguished themselves from other therapies due to their easy access, high biological compatibility, low toxicity, and reliable effects at specific physiological sites in vivo. This review describes the Notch signaling pathway, particularly its normal activation process, and some main illnesses related to Notch signaling pathway dysregulation. Emphasis is placed on the effects and mechanisms of natural products targeting the Notch signaling pathway in diverse cancer types, including curcumin, ellagic acid (EA), resveratrol, genistein, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin, and xanthohumol and so on. Existing evidence indicates that natural products are feasible solution to fight against cancer by targeting Notch signaling, either alone or in combination with current therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Cai
- School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yajie Qiao
- School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Lingbin Chen
- School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Youguang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Dali Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
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4
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Carter AA, Ramsey KM, Hatem CL, Sherry KP, Majumdar A, Barrick D. Structural features of the Notch ankyrin domain-Deltex WWE 2 domain heterodimer determined by NMR spectroscopy and functional implications. Structure 2023; 31:584-594.e5. [PMID: 36977409 PMCID: PMC10338078 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway, an important cell fate determination pathway, is modulated by the ubiquitin ligase Deltex. Here, we investigate the structural basis for Deltex-Notch interaction. We used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to assign the backbone of the Drosophila Deltex WWE2 domain and mapped the binding site of the Notch ankyrin (ANK) domain to the N-terminal WWEA motif. Using cultured Drosophila S2R+ cells, we find that point substitutions within the ANK-binding surface of Deltex disrupt Deltex-mediated enhancement of Notch transcriptional activation and disrupt ANK binding in cells and in vitro. Likewise, ANK substitutions that disrupt Notch-Deltex heterodimer formation in vitro block disrupt Deltex-mediated stimulation of Notch transcription activation and diminish interaction with full-length Deltex in cells. Surprisingly, the Deltex-Notch intracellular domain (NICD) interaction is not disrupted by deletion of the Deltex WWE2 domain, suggesting a secondary Notch-Deltex interaction. These results show the importance of the WWEA:ANK interaction in enhancing Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Carter
- T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kristen M Ramsey
- T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Christine L Hatem
- T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kathryn P Sherry
- T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ananya Majumdar
- Biomolecular NMR Center, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Doug Barrick
- T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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5
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Fabian B, Sachse S. Experience-dependent plasticity in the olfactory system of Drosophila melanogaster and other insects. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1130091. [PMID: 36923450 PMCID: PMC10010147 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1130091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It is long known that the nervous system of vertebrates can be shaped by internal and external factors. On the other hand, the nervous system of insects was long assumed to be stereotypic, although evidence for plasticity effects accumulated for several decades. To cover the topic comprehensively, this review recapitulates the establishment of the term "plasticity" in neuroscience and introduces its original meaning. We describe the basic composition of the insect olfactory system using Drosophila melanogaster as a representative example and outline experience-dependent plasticity effects observed in this part of the brain in a variety of insects, including hymenopterans, lepidopterans, locusts, and flies. In particular, we highlight recent advances in the study of experience-dependent plasticity effects in the olfactory system of D. melanogaster, as it is the most accessible olfactory system of all insect species due to the genetic tools available. The partly contradictory results demonstrate that morphological, physiological and behavioral changes in response to long-term olfactory stimulation are more complex than previously thought. Different molecular mechanisms leading to these changes were unveiled in the past and are likely responsible for this complexity. We discuss common problems in the study of experience-dependent plasticity, ways to overcome them, and future directions in this area of research. In addition, we critically examine the transferability of laboratory data to natural systems to address the topic as holistically as possible. As a mechanism that allows organisms to adapt to new environmental conditions, experience-dependent plasticity contributes to an animal's resilience and is therefore a crucial topic for future research, especially in an era of rapid environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silke Sachse
- Research Group Olfactory Coding, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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6
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Monticone G, Huang Z, Csibi F, Leit S, Ciccone D, Champhekar AS, Austin JE, Ucar DA, Hossain F, Ibba SV, Boulares AH, Carpino N, Xu K, Majumder S, Osborne BA, Loh C, Miele L. Targeting the Cbl-b-Notch1 axis as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy to boost CD8+ T-cell responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:987298. [PMID: 36090975 PMCID: PMC9459147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.987298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical feature of cancer is the ability to induce immunosuppression and evade immune responses. Tumor-induced immunosuppression diminishes the effectiveness of endogenous immune responses and decreases the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we describe a new immunosuppressive pathway in which adenosine promotes Casitas B-lineage lymphoma b (Cbl-b)-mediated Notch1 degradation, causing suppression of CD8+ T-cells effector functions. Genetic knockout and pharmacological inhibition of Cbl-b prevents Notch1 degradation in response to adenosine and reactivates its signaling. Reactivation of Notch1 results in enhanced CD8+ T-cell effector functions, anti-cancer response and resistance to immunosuppression. Our work provides evidence that targeting the Cbl-b-Notch1 axis is a novel promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Monticone
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Fred Csibi
- Nimbus Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Silvana Leit
- Nimbus Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Ameya S. Champhekar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jermaine E. Austin
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Deniz A. Ucar
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Fokhrul Hossain
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Salome V. Ibba
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - A. Hamid Boulares
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Nicholas Carpino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Keli Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Samarpan Majumder
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Barbara A. Osborne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | | | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Lucio Miele,
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7
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The Role of NEDD4 E3 Ubiquitin–Protein Ligases in Parkinson’s Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030513. [PMID: 35328067 PMCID: PMC8950476 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that causes a great clinical burden. However, its exact molecular pathologies are not fully understood. Whilst there are a number of avenues for research into slowing, halting, or reversing PD, one central idea is to enhance the clearance of the proposed aetiological protein, oligomeric α-synuclein. Oligomeric α-synuclein is the main constituent protein in Lewy bodies and neurites and is considered neurotoxic. Multiple E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, including the NEDD4 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4) family, parkin, SIAH (mammalian homologues of Drosophila seven in absentia), CHIP (carboxy-terminus of Hsc70 interacting protein), and SCFFXBL5 SCF ubiquitin ligase assembled by the S-phase kinase-associated protein (SKP1), cullin-1 (Cul1), a zinc-binding RING finger protein, and the F-box domain/Leucine-rich repeat protein 5-containing protein FBXL5), have been shown to be able to ubiquitinate α-synuclein, influencing its subsequent degradation via the proteasome or lysosome. Here, we explore the link between NEDD4 ligases and PD, which is not only via α-synuclein but further strengthened by several additional substrates and interaction partners. Some members of the NEDD4 family of ligases are thought to crosstalk even with PD-related genes and proteins found to be mutated in familial forms of PD. Mutations in NEDD4 family genes have not been observed in PD patients, most likely because of their essential survival function during development. Following further in vivo studies, it has been thought that NEDD4 ligases may be viable therapeutic targets in PD. NEDD4 family members could clear toxic proteins, enhancing cell survival and slowing disease progression, or might diminish beneficial proteins, reducing cell survival and accelerating disease progression. Here, we review studies to date on the expression and function of NEDD4 ubiquitin ligases in the brain and their possible impact on PD pathology.
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8
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Schnute B, Shimizu H, Lyga M, Baron M, Klein T. Ubiquitylation is required for the incorporation of the Notch receptor into intraluminal vesicles to prevent prolonged and ligand-independent activation of the pathway. BMC Biol 2022; 20:65. [PMID: 35264151 PMCID: PMC8908686 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitylation of the ligands and the receptor plays an important part in the regulation of the activity of the evolutionary conserved Notch signalling pathway. However, its function for activation of Notch is not completely understood, despite the identification of several E3 ligases devoted to the receptor. RESULTS Here we analysed a variant of the Notch receptor where all lysines in its intracellular domain are replaced by arginines. Our analysis of this variant revealed that ubiquitylation of Notch is not essential for its endocytosis. We identified two functions for ubiquitylation of lysines in the Notch receptor. First, it is required for the degradation of free Notch intracellular domain (NICD) in the nucleus, which prevents a prolonged activation of the pathway. More importantly, it is also required for the incorporation of Notch into intraluminal vesicles of maturing endosomes to prevent ligand-independent activation of the pathway from late endosomal compartments. CONCLUSIONS The findings clarify the role of lysine-dependent ubiquitylation of the Notch receptor and indicate that Notch is endocytosed by several independent operating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Schnute
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Marvin Lyga
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Baron
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Thomas Klein
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Regulators of Notch Receptor Endocytosis: From Flies to Humans. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020224. [PMID: 35204725 PMCID: PMC8961608 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch is a developmental receptor, conserved in the evolution of the metazoa, which regulates cell fate proliferation and survival in numerous developmental contexts, and also regulates tissue renewal and repair in adult organisms. Notch is activated by proteolytic removal of its extracellular domain and the subsequent release of its intracellular domain, which then acts in the nucleus as part of a transcription factor complex. Numerous regulatory mechanisms exist to tune the amplitude, duration and spatial patterning of this core signalling mechanism. In Drosophila, Deltex (Dx) and Suppressor of dx (Su(dx)) are E3 ubiquitin ligases which interact with the Notch intracellular domain to regulate its endocytic trafficking, with impacts on both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent signal activation. Homologues of Dx and Su(dx) have been shown to also interact with one or more of the four mammalian Notch proteins and other target substrates. Studies have shown similarities, specialisations and diversifications of the roles of these Notch regulators. This review collates together current research on vertebrate Dx and Su(dx)-related proteins, provides an overview of their various roles, and discusses their contributions to cell fate regulation and disease.
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Thambyrajah R, Bigas A. Notch Signaling in HSC Emergence: When, Why and How. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030358. [PMID: 35159166 PMCID: PMC8833884 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) sustains blood homeostasis throughout life in vertebrates. During embryonic development, HSCs emerge from the aorta-gonads and mesonephros (AGM) region along with hematopoietic progenitors within hematopoietic clusters which are found in the dorsal aorta, the main arterial vessel. Notch signaling, which is essential for arterial specification of the aorta, is also crucial in hematopoietic development and HSC activity. In this review, we will present and discuss the evidence that we have for Notch activity in hematopoietic cell fate specification and the crosstalk with the endothelial and arterial lineage. The core hematopoietic program is conserved across vertebrates and here we review studies conducted using different models of vertebrate hematopoiesis, including zebrafish, mouse and in vitro differentiated Embryonic stem cells. To fulfill the goal of engineering HSCs in vitro, we need to understand the molecular processes that modulate Notch signaling during HSC emergence in a temporal and spatial context. Here, we review relevant contributions from different model systems that are required to specify precursors of HSC and HSC activity through Notch interactions at different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshana Thambyrajah
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (A.B.); Tel.: +34-933160437 (R.T.); +34-933160440 (A.B.)
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (A.B.); Tel.: +34-933160437 (R.T.); +34-933160440 (A.B.)
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11
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Zhang F, Chen Y, Shen J, Zhang J. The Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme UbcD1 is Required for Notch Signaling Activation During Drosophila Wing Development. Front Genet 2021; 12:770853. [PMID: 34712275 PMCID: PMC8546230 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.770853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling pathway plays crucial roles in animal development. Protein ubiquitination contributes to Notch signaling regulation by governing the stability and activity of major signaling components. Studies in Drosophila have identified multiple ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes that modify Notch ligand and receptor proteins. The fate of ubiquitinated substrates depend on topologies of the attached ubiquitin chains, which are determined by the ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2 enzymes). However, which E2 enzymes participate in Notch signal transduction remain elusive. Here, we report that the E2 enzyme UbcD1 is required for Notch signaling activation during Drosophila wing development. Mutations of UbcD1 lead to marginal nicks in the adult wing and reduction of Notch signaling targets expression in the wing imaginal disc. Genetic analysis reveal that UbcD1 functions in the signaling receiving cells prior to cleavage of the Notch protein. We provide further evidence suggesting that UbcD1 is likely involved in endocytic trafficking of Notch protein. Our results demonstrate that UbcD1 positively regulates Notch signaling and thus reveal a novel role of UbcD1 in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Zhang
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Chen
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junzheng Zhang
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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Hounjet J, Vooijs M. The Role of Intracellular Trafficking of Notch Receptors in Ligand-Independent Notch Activation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091369. [PMID: 34572582 PMCID: PMC8466058 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Notch signaling has been found in a broad range of human malignancies. Consequently, small molecule inhibitors and antibodies targeting Notch signaling in human cancers have been developed and tested; however, these have failed due to limited anti-tumor efficacy because of dose-limiting toxicities in normal tissues. Therefore, there is an unmet need to discover novel regulators of malignant Notch signaling, which do not affect Notch signaling in healthy tissues. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the role of intracellular trafficking in ligand-independent Notch receptor activation, the possible mechanisms involved, and possible therapeutic opportunities for inhibitors of intracellular trafficking in Notch targeting.
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13
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Martinez Lyons A, Boulter L. The developmental origins of Notch-driven intrahepatic bile duct disorders. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048413. [PMID: 34549776 PMCID: PMC8480193 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cell-cell communication that mediates cellular proliferation, cell fate specification, and maintenance of stem and progenitor cell populations. In the vertebrate liver, an absence of Notch signaling results in failure to form bile ducts, a complex tubular network that radiates throughout the liver, which, in healthy individuals, transports bile from the liver into the bowel. Loss of a functional biliary network through congenital malformations during development results in cholestasis and necessitates liver transplantation. Here, we examine to what extent Notch signaling is necessary throughout embryonic life to initiate the proliferation and specification of biliary cells and concentrate on the animal and human models that have been used to define how perturbations in this signaling pathway result in developmental liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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14
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Montejo-Kovacevich G, Salazar PA, Smith SH, Gavilanes K, Bacquet CN, Chan YF, Jiggins CD, Meier JI, Nadeau NJ. Genomics of altitude-associated wing shape in two tropical butterflies. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:6387-6402. [PMID: 34233044 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how organisms adapt to their local environment is central to evolution. With new whole-genome sequencing technologies and the explosion of data, deciphering the genomic basis of complex traits that are ecologically relevant is becoming increasingly feasible. Here, we studied the genomic basis of wing shape in two Neotropical butterflies that inhabit large geographical ranges. Heliconius butterflies at high elevations have been shown to generally have rounder wings than those in the lowlands. We reared over 1,100 butterflies from 71 broods of H. erato and H. melpomene in common-garden conditions and showed that wing aspect ratio, that is, elongatedness, is highly heritable in both species and that elevation-associated wing aspect ratio differences are maintained. Genome-wide associations with a published data set of 666 whole genomes from across a hybrid zone, uncovered a highly polygenic basis to wing aspect ratio variation in the wild. We identified several genes that have roles in wing morphogenesis or wing aspect ratio variation in Drosophila flies, making them promising candidates for future studies. There was little evidence for molecular parallelism in the two species, with only one shared candidate gene, nor for a role of the four known colour pattern loci, except for optix in H. erato. Thus, we present the first insights into the heritability and genomic basis of within-species wing aspect ratio in two Heliconius species, adding to a growing body of evidence that polygenic adaptation may underlie many ecologically relevant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie H Smith
- Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | | | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joana I Meier
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,St John's College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola J Nadeau
- Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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15
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Acar A, Hidalgo-Sastre A, Leverentz MK, Mills CG, Woodcock S, Baron M, Collu GM, Brennan K. Inhibition of Wnt signalling by Notch via two distinct mechanisms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9096. [PMID: 33907274 PMCID: PMC8079408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch and Wnt are two essential signalling pathways that help to shape animals during development and to sustain adult tissue homeostasis. Although they are often active at the same time within a tissue, they typically have opposing effects on cell fate decisions. In fact, crosstalk between the two pathways is important in generating the great diversity of cell types that we find in metazoans. Several different mechanisms have been proposed that allow Notch to limit Wnt signalling, driving a Notch-ON/Wnt-OFF state. Here we explore these different mechanisms in human cells and demonstrate two distinct mechanisms by which Notch itself, can limit the transcriptional activity of β-catenin. At the membrane, independently of DSL ligands, Notch1 can antagonise β-catenin activity through an endocytic mechanism that requires its interaction with Deltex and sequesters β-catenin into the membrane fraction. Within the nucleus, the intracellular domain of Notch1 can also limit β-catenin induced transcription through the formation of a complex that requires its interaction with RBPjκ. We believe these mechanisms contribute to the robustness of cell-fate decisions by sharpening the distinction between opposing Notch/Wnt responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Acar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Universiteler Mah. Dumlupınar Bulvarı 1, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Ana Hidalgo-Sastre
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Michael K Leverentz
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Christopher G Mills
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon Woodcock
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin Baron
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Giovanna M Collu
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Keith Brennan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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16
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Dutta D, Sharma V, Mutsuddi M, Mukherjee A. Regulation of Notch signaling by E3 ubiquitin ligases. FEBS J 2021; 289:937-954. [PMID: 33644958 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that is widely used for multiple cellular events during development. Activation of the Notch pathway occurs when the ligand from a neighboring cell binds to the Notch receptor and induces cleavage of the intracellular domain of Notch, which further translocates into the nucleus to activate its downstream genes. The involvement of the Notch pathway in diverse biological events is possible due to the complexity in its regulation. In order to maintain tight spatiotemporal regulation, the Notch receptor, as well as its ligand, undergoes a series of physical and biochemical modifications that, in turn, helps in proper maintenance and fine-tuning of the signaling outcome. Ubiquitination is the post-translational addition of a ubiquitin molecule to a substrate protein, and the process is regulated by E3 ubiquitin ligases. The present review describes the involvement of different E3 ubiquitin ligases that play an important role in the regulation and maintenance of proper Notch signaling and how perturbation in ubiquitination results in abnormal Notch signaling leading to a number of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdeep Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vartika Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mousumi Mutsuddi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashim Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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17
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Notch Pathway: A Journey from Notching Phenotypes to Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1287:201-222. [PMID: 33034034 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55031-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Notch is a key evolutionary conserved pathway, which has fascinated and engaged the work of investigators in an uncountable number of biological fields, from development of metazoans to immunotherapy for cancer. The study of Notch has greatly contributed to the understanding of cancer biology and a substantial effort has been spent in designing Notch-targeting therapies. Due to its broad involvement in cancer, targeting Notch would allow to virtually modulate any aspect of the disease. However, this means that Notch-based therapies must be highly specific to avoid off-target effects. This review will present the newest mechanistic and therapeutic advances in the Notch field and discuss the promises and challenges of this constantly evolving field.
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18
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Jeon SA, Kim DW, Lee DB, Cho JY. NEDD4 Plays Roles in the Maintenance of Breast Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1680. [PMID: 33014839 PMCID: PMC7509455 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type with poor prognosis among the breast cancers and has a high population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are the main target to cure and inhibit TNBC. In this study, we examined the role of neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4 (NEDD4) in the proliferation, migration, and CSC characteristics of MDA-MB-231, a TNBC cell line. Interestingly, the Kaplan–Meier plotter showed that the survival rate of patients with a higher expression level of NEDD4 was significantly shorter than those of patients with a lower expression only in relatively aggressive and higher stage (grade 3) breast cancer patients. The knockdown of NEDD4 drastically decreased the proliferation, migration, and mammosphere formation in MDA-MB-231 cells. A proteomic analysis revealed the alteration of CSC-related proteins; notably, Myc targets stem cell-like signatures in siNEDD4-treated MDA-MB-231. An immunoassay also showed that the expression and the activity of breast CSC markers are decreased in NEDD4-deleted MDA-MB-231. Taken together, these results indicate that NEDD4 is involved in the maintenance of populations and characteristics of breast CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ae Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Bin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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19
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Wang ZW, Hu X, Ye M, Lin M, Chu M, Shen X. NEDD4 E3 ligase: Functions and mechanism in human cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:92-101. [PMID: 32171886 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A growing amount of evidence indicates that the neuronally expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (NEDD4, also known as NEDD4-1) E3 ligase plays a critical role in a variety of cellular processes via the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of multiple substrates. The abnormal regulation of NEDD4 protein has been implicated in cancer development and progression. In this review article, we briefly delineate the downstream substrates and upstream regulators of NEDD4, which are involved in carcinogenesis. Moreover, we succinctly elucidate the functions of NEDD4 protein in tumorigenesis and progression, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, invasion, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells, and drug resistance. The findings regarding NEDD4 functions are further supported by knockout mouse models and human tumor tissue studies. This review could provide a promising and optimum anticancer therapeutic strategy via targeting the NEDD4 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Wang
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Miaomiao Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Man Chu
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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20
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Hosseini-Alghaderi S, Baron M. Notch3 in Development, Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030485. [PMID: 32210034 PMCID: PMC7175233 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch3 is one of four mammalian Notch proteins, which act as signalling receptors to control cell fate in many developmental and adult tissue contexts. Notch signalling continues to be important in the adult organism for tissue maintenance and renewal and mis-regulation of Notch is involved in many diseases. Genetic studies have shown that Notch3 gene knockouts are viable and have limited developmental defects, focussed mostly on defects in the arterial smooth muscle cell lineage. Additional studies have revealed overlapping roles for Notch3 with other Notch proteins, which widen the range of developmental functions. In the adult, Notch3, in collaboration with other Notch proteins, is involved in stem cell regulation in different tissues in stem cell regulation in different tissues, and it also controls the plasticity of the vascular smooth muscle phenotype involved in arterial vessel remodelling. Overexpression, gene amplification and mis-activation of Notch3 are associated with different cancers, in particular triple negative breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Mutations of Notch3 are associated with a dominantly inherited disease CADASIL (cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy), and there is further evidence linking Notch3 misregulation to hypertensive disease. Here we discuss the distinctive roles of Notch3 in development, health and disease, different views as to the underlying mechanisms of its activation and misregulation in different contexts and potential for therapeutic intervention.
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21
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Shen W, Sun J. Different modes of Notch activation and strength regulation in the spermathecal secretory lineage. Development 2020; 147:dev184390. [PMID: 31988187 PMCID: PMC7033723 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The strength of Notch signaling contributes to pleiotropic actions of Notch; however, we do not yet have a full understanding of the molecular regulation of Notch-signaling strength. We have investigated the mode of Notch activation in binary fate specification in the Drosophila spermathecal linage, where Notch is asymmetrically activated across three divisions to specify different cell fates. Using clonal analysis, we show that Delta (Dl) serves as the ligand for Notch in the first and second divisions. Dl and Serrate (Ser) function redundantly in the third division. Compared with the third division, cell-fate decision in the second division requires a lower level of Suppressor of Hairless protein, and, consequently, a lower level of Notch signaling. Several Notch endosomal trafficking regulators differentially regulate Notch signaling between the second and third divisions. Here, we demonstrate that cell differentiation in spermathecae involves different Notch-activation modes, Notch-signaling strengths and Notch-trafficking regulations. Thus, the Drosophila spermathecal lineage is an exciting model for probing the molecular mechanisms that modulate the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute for System Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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22
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Yang Y, Luo M, Zhang K, Zhang J, Gao T, Connell DO, Yao F, Mu C, Cai B, Shang Y, Chen W. Nedd4 ubiquitylates VDAC2/3 to suppress erastin-induced ferroptosis in melanoma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:433. [PMID: 31974380 PMCID: PMC6978386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly defined form of regulated cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides. Erastin, the ferroptosis activator, binds to voltage-dependent anion channels VDAC2 and VDCA3, but treatment with erastin can result in the degradation of the channels. Here, the authors show that Nedd4 is induced following erastin treatment, which leads to the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the channels. Depletion of Nedd4 limits the protein degradation of VDAC2/3, which increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to erastin. By understanding the molecular mechanism of erastin-induced cellular resistance, we can discover how cells adapt to new molecules to maintain homeostasis. Furthermore, erastin-induced resistance mediated by FOXM1-Nedd4-VDAC2/3 negative feedback loop provides an initial framework for creating avenues to overcome the drug resistance of ferroptosis activators. Erastin, the ferroptosis activator, binds to voltage gated ion channels CDAC2 and VDCA3 but treatment with erastin can result in the degradation of the channels. Here, the authors show that Nedd4 is induced following erastin treatment, which leads to the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Meiying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.,Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Tongtong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Douglas O' Connell
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University, Vallejo, CA, 94592, USA
| | - Fengping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Changwen Mu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bingyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuxue Shang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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23
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Regulation of Notch Signaling in Drosophila melanogaster: The Role of the Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Hrp48 and Deltex. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1227:95-105. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36422-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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The many substrates and functions of NEDD4-1. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:904. [PMID: 31787758 PMCID: PMC6885513 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis, tumor growth, and prognosis are highly related to gene alterations and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Ubiquitination is a critical PTM that governs practically all aspects of cellular function. An increasing number of studies show that E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are important enzymes in the process of ubiquitination that primarily determine substrate specificity and thus need to be tightly controlled. Among E3s, neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4-1 (NEDD4-1) has been shown to play a critical role in modulating the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells and the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer therapies via regulating multiple substrates. This review discusses some significant discoveries on NEDD4-1 substrates and the signaling pathways in which NEDD4-1 participates. In addition, we introduce the latest potential therapeutic strategies that inhibit or activate NEDD4-1 activity using small molecules. NEDD4-1 likely acts as a novel drug target or diagnostic marker in the battle against cancer.
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25
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Ruetalo N, Anders S, Stollmaier C, Jäckl M, Schütz-Stoffregen MC, Stefan N, Wolf C, Wiesner S. The WW1 Domain Enhances Autoinhibition in Smurf Ubiquitin Ligases. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:4834-4847. [PMID: 31628949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of ubiquitin (Ub) ligase activity prevents premature ubiquitination and is critical for cellular homeostasis. Nedd4 Ub ligases share a common domain architecture and yet are regulated in distinct ways through interactions of the catalytic HECT domain with the N-terminal C2 domain or the central WW domain region. Smurf1 and Smurf2 are two highly related Nedd4 ligases with ~70% overall sequence identity. Here, we show that the Smurf1 C2 domain interacts with the HECT domain and inhibits ligase activity in trans. However, in contrast to Smurf2, we find that full-length Smurf1 is a highly active Ub ligase, and we can attribute this striking difference in regulation to the lack of one WW domain (WW1) in Smurf1. Using NMR spectroscopy and biochemical assays, we identified the WW1 region as an additional inhibitory element in Smurf2 that cooperates with the C2 domain to enhance HECT domain binding and Smurf2 inhibition. Our work provides important insights into Smurf regulation and highlights that the activities of highly related proteins can be controlled in distinct ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ruetalo
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Samira Anders
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Stollmaier
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Magnus Jäckl
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mira C Schütz-Stoffregen
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Stefan
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christine Wolf
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silke Wiesner
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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26
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Shin S, Kim K, Kim HR, Ylaya K, Do SI, Hewitt SM, Park HS, Roe JS, Chung JY, Song J. Deubiquitylation and stabilization of Notch1 intracellular domain by ubiquitin-specific protease 8 enhance tumorigenesis in breast cancer. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1341-1354. [PMID: 31527799 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch, an essential factor in tissue development and homoeostasis, has been reported to play an oncogenic function in a variety of cancers. Here, we report ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) as a novel deubiquitylase of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD). USP8 specifically stabilizes and deubiquitylates NICD through a direct interaction. The inhibition of USP8 downregulated the Notch signalling pathway via NICD destabilization, resulting in the retardation of cellular growth, wound closure, and colony forming ability of breast cancer cell lines. These phenomena were restored by the reconstitution of NICD or USP8, supporting the direct interaction between these two proteins. The expression levels of NICD and USP8 proteins were positively correlated in patients with advanced breast cancer. Taken together, our results suggest that USP8 functions as a positive regulator of Notch signalling, offering a therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungeun Kim
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Ryeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kris Ylaya
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sung-Im Do
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hee-Sae Park
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Liu J, Yao Q, Xiao L, Ma W, Li F, Lai B, Wang N. PPARγ induces NEDD4 gene expression to promote autophagy and insulin action. FEBS J 2019; 287:529-545. [PMID: 31423749 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4 (NEDD4) plays a crucial role in governing a number of signaling pathways, including insulin and autophagy signaling. However, the molecular mechanism by which NEDD4 gene is transcriptionally regulated has not been fully elucidated. Here, we reported that NEDD4 mRNA and protein levels were increased by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in HepG2 hepatocytes. PPARγ antagonist GW9662 abolished thiazolidinedione (TZD)-induced NEDD4 expression. ChIP and luciferase reporter assays showed that PPARγ directly bound to the potential PPAR-responsive elements (PPREs) within the promoter region of the human NEDD4 gene. In addition, TZDs increased Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake, which were abrogated through NEDD4 depletion. Furthermore, we showed that NEDD4-mediated autophagy induction and Akt phosphorylation were suppressed by oleic acid and high glucose treatment, activation of PPARγ successfully prevented this suppression. In conclusion, these results suggest that PPARγ plays a novel role in linking glucose metabolism and protein homeostasis through NEDD4-mediated effects on the autophagy machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Qinyu Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Fan Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Baochang Lai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Nanping Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China
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28
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Antfolk D, Antila C, Kemppainen K, Landor SKJ, Sahlgren C. Decoding the PTM-switchboard of Notch. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118507. [PMID: 31301363 PMCID: PMC7116576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The developmentally indispensable Notch pathway exhibits a high grade of pleiotropism in its biological output. Emerging evidence supports the notion of post-translational modifications (PTMs) as a modus operandi controlling dynamic fine-tuning of Notch activity. Although, the intricacy of Notch post-translational regulation, as well as how these modifications lead to multiples of divergent Notch phenotypes is still largely unknown, numerous studies show a correlation between the site of modification and the output. These include glycosylation of the extracellular domain of Notch modulating ligand binding, and phosphorylation of the PEST domain controlling half-life of the intracellular domain of Notch. Furthermore, several reports show that multiple PTMs can act in concert, or compete for the same sites to drive opposite outputs. However, further investigation of the complex PTM crosstalk is required for a complete understanding of the PTM-mediated Notch switchboard. In this review, we aim to provide a consistent and up-to-date summary of the currently known PTMs acting on the Notch signaling pathway, their functions in different contexts, as well as explore their implications in physiology and disease. Furthermore, we give an overview of the present state of PTM research methodology, and allude to a future with PTM-targeted Notch therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antfolk
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Christian Antila
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Kemppainen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sebastian K-J Landor
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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29
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Regulation of autoimmune disease by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch. Cell Immunol 2019; 340:103916. [PMID: 31126634 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Itch is a HECT type E3 ubiquitin ligase that is required to prevent the development of autoimmune disease in both mice and humans. Itch is expressed in most mammalian cell types, and, based on published data, it regulates many cellular pathways ranging from T cell differentiation to liver tumorigenesis. Since 1998, when Itch was first discovered, hundreds of publications have described mechanisms through which Itch controls various biologic activities in both immune and non-immune cells. Other studies have provided insight into how Itch catalytic activity is regulated. However, while autoimmunity is the primary clinical feature that occurs in both mice and humans lacking Itch, and Itch control of immune cell function has been well-studied, it remains unclear how Itch prevents the emergence of autoimmune disease. In this review, we explore recent discoveries that advance our understanding of how Itch regulates immune cell biology, and the extent to which these clarify how Itch prevents autoimmune disease. Additionally, we discuss how molecular regulators of Itch impact its ability to control these processes, as this may provide clues on how to therapeutically target Itch to treat patients with autoimmune disease.
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30
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Baron M. Combining genetic and biophysical approaches to probe the structure and function relationships of the notch receptor. Mol Membr Biol 2018; 34:33-49. [PMID: 30246579 DOI: 10.1080/09687688.2018.1503742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Notch is a conserved cell signalling receptor regulating many aspects of development and tissue homeostasis. Notch is activated by ligand-induced proteolytic cleavages that release the Notch intracellular domain, which relocates to the nucleus to regulate gene transcription. Proteolytic activation first requires mechanical force to be applied to the Notch extracellular domain through an endocytic pulling mechanism transmitted through the ligand/receptor interface. This exposes the proteolytic cleavage site allowing the signal to be initiated following removal of the Notch extracellular domain. Ligands can also act, when expressed in the same cell, through non-productive cis-interactions to inhibit Notch activity. Furthermore, ligand selectivity and Notch activation are regulated by numerous post-translational modifications of the extracellular domain. Additional non-canonical trans and cis interactions with other regulatory proteins may modulate alternative mechanisms of Notch activation that depend on endocytic trafficking of the full-length receptor and proteolytic release of the intracellular domain from endo-lysosomal surface. Mutations of Notch, located in different regions of the protein, are associated with a spectrum of different loss and gain of function phenotypes and offer the possibility to dissect distinct regulatory interactions and mechanisms, particularly when combined with detailed structural analysis of Notch in complex with various regulatory partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Baron
- a School of Biological Sciences , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
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31
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Yao W, Shan Z, Gu A, Fu M, Shi Z, Wen W. WW domain-mediated regulation and activation of E3 ubiquitin ligase Suppressor of Deltex. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16697-16708. [PMID: 30213861 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nedd4 family E3 ligases Itch and WWP1/2 play crucial roles in the regulation of cell cycle progression and apoptosis and are closely correlated with cancer development and metastasis. It has been recently shown that the ligase activities of Itch and WWP1/2 are tightly regulated, with the HECT domain sequestered intramolecularly by a linker region connecting WW2 and WW3. Here, we show that a similar autoinhibitory mechanism is utilized by the Drosophila ortholog of Itch and WWP1/2, Suppressor of Deltex (Su(dx)). We show that Su(dx) adopts an inactive steady state with the WW domain region interacting with the HECT domain. We demonstrate that both the linker and preceding WW2 are required for the efficient binding and regulation of Su(dx) HECT. Recruiting the multiple-PY motif-containing adaptor dNdfip via WW domains relieves the inhibitory state of Su(dx) and leads to substrate (e.g. Notch) ubiquitination. Our study demonstrates an evolutionarily conservative mechanism governing the regulation and activation of some Nedd4 family E3 ligases. Our results also suggest a dual regulatory mechanism for specific Notch down-regulation via dNdfip-Su(dx)-mediated Notch ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Yao
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China and
| | - Zelin Shan
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China and
| | - Aihong Gu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China and
| | - Minjie Fu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China and
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China and
| | - Wenyu Wen
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China and .,the Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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32
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Li B, Wong C, Gao SM, Zhang R, Sun R, Li Y, Song Y. The retromer complex safeguards against neural progenitor-derived tumorigenesis by regulating Notch receptor trafficking. eLife 2018; 7:38181. [PMID: 30176986 PMCID: PMC6140715 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct establishment and maintenance of unidirectional Notch signaling are critical for the homeostasis of various stem cell lineages. However, the molecular mechanisms that prevent cell-autonomous ectopic Notch signaling activation and deleterious cell fate decisions remain unclear. Here we show that the retromer complex directly and specifically regulates Notch receptor retrograde trafficking in Drosophila neuroblast lineages to ensure the unidirectional Notch signaling from neural progenitors to neuroblasts. Notch polyubiquitination mediated by E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch/Su(dx) is inherently inefficient within neural progenitors, relying on retromer-mediated trafficking to avoid aberrant endosomal accumulation of Notch and cell-autonomous signaling activation. Upon retromer dysfunction, hypo-ubiquitinated Notch accumulates in Rab7+ enlarged endosomes, where it is ectopically processed and activated in a ligand-dependent manner, causing progenitor-originated tumorigenesis. Our results therefore unveil a safeguard mechanism whereby retromer retrieves potentially harmful Notch receptors in a timely manner to prevent aberrant Notch activation-induced neural progenitor dedifferentiation and brain tumor formation. Most cells in the animal body are tailored to perform particular tasks, but stem cells have not yet made their choice. Instead, they have unlimited capacity to divide and, with the right signals, they can start to specialize to become a given type of cells. In the brain, this process starts with a stem cell dividing. One of the daughters will remain a stem cell, while the other, the neural progenitor, will differentiate to form a mature cell such as a neuron. Keeping this tight balance is crucial for the health of the organ: if the progenitor reverts back to being a stem cell, there will be a surplus of undifferentiated cells that can lead to a tumor. A one-way signal driven by the protein Notch partly controls the distinct fates of the two daughter cells. While the neural progenitor carries Notch at its surface, its neural stem cell sister has a Notch receptor on its membrane instead. This ensures that the Notch signaling goes in one direction, from the cell with Notch to the one sporting the receptor. When a stem cell divides, one daughter gets more of a protein called Numb than the other. Numb pulls Notch receptors away from the external membrane and into internal capsules called endosomes. This guarantees that only one of the siblings will be carrying the receptors at its surface. Yet, sometimes the Notch receptors can get activated in the endosomes, which may make neural progenitors revert to being stem cells. It is still unclear what tools the cells have to stop this abnormal activation. Here, Li et al. screened brain cells from fruit fly larvae to find out the genes that might play a role in suppressing the inappropriate Notch signaling. This highlighted a protein complex known as the retromer, which normally helps to transport proteins in the cell. Experiments showed that, in progenitors, the retromer physically interacts with Notch receptors and retrieves them from the endosomes back to the cell surface. If the retromer is inactive, the Notch receptors accumulate in the endosomes, where they can be switched on. It seems that, in fruit flies, the retromer acts as a bomb squad that recognizes and retrieves potentially harmful Notch receptors, thereby preventing brain tumor formation. Several retromer components are less present in patients with various cancers, including glioblastoma, an aggressive form of brain cancer. The results by Li et al. may therefore shed light on the link between the protein complex and the emergence of the disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chouin Wong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihong Max Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rulan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Crosstalk between Notch, HIF-1α and GPER in Breast Cancer EMT. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072011. [PMID: 29996493 PMCID: PMC6073901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway acts in both physiological and pathological conditions, including embryonic development and tumorigenesis. In cancer progression, diverse mechanisms are involved in Notch-mediated biological responses, including angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). During EMT, the activation of cellular programs facilitated by transcriptional repressors results in epithelial cells losing their differentiated features, like cell–cell adhesion and apical–basal polarity, whereas they gain motility. As it concerns cancer epithelial cells, EMT may be consequent to the evolution of genetic/epigenetic instability, or triggered by factors that can act within the tumor microenvironment. Following a description of the Notch signaling pathway and its major regulatory nodes, we focus on studies that have given insights into the functional interaction between Notch signaling and either hypoxia or estrogen in breast cancer cells, with a particular focus on EMT. Furthermore, we describe the role of hypoxia signaling in breast cancer cells and discuss recent evidence regarding a functional interaction between HIF-1α and GPER in both breast cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). On the basis of these studies, we propose that a functional network between HIF-1α, GPER and Notch may integrate tumor microenvironmental cues to induce robust EMT in cancer cells. Further investigations are required in order to better understand how hypoxia and estrogen signaling may converge on Notch-mediated EMT within the context of the stroma and tumor cells interaction. However, the data discussed here may anticipate the potential benefits of further pharmacological strategies targeting breast cancer progression.
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34
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Histone deacetylase 6 controls Notch3 trafficking and degradation in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Oncogene 2018; 37:3839-3851. [PMID: 29643474 PMCID: PMC6041259 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have revealed that endosomal sorting controls the steady-state levels of Notch at the cell surface in normal cells and prevents its inappropriate activation in the absence of ligands. However, whether this highly dynamic physiologic process can be exploited to counteract dysregulated Notch signaling in cancer cells remains unknown. T-ALL is a malignancy characterized by aberrant Notch signaling, sustained by activating mutations in Notch1 as well as overexpression of Notch3, a Notch paralog physiologically subjected to lysosome-dependent degradation in human cancer cells. Here we show that treatment with the pan-HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) strongly decreases Notch3 full-length protein levels in T-ALL cell lines and primary human T-ALL cells xenografted in mice without substantially reducing NOTCH3 mRNA levels. Moreover, TSA markedly reduced the levels of Notch target genes, including pTα, CR2, and DTX-1, and induced apoptosis of T-ALL cells. We further observed that Notch3 was post-translationally regulated following TSA treatment, with reduced Notch3 surface levels and increased accumulation of Notch3 protein in the lysosomal compartment. Surface Notch3 levels were rescued by inhibition of dynein with ciliobrevin D. Pharmacologic studies with HDAC1, 6, and 8-specific inhibitors disclosed that these effects were largely due to inhibition of HDAC6 in T-ALL cells. HDAC6 silencing by specific shRNA was followed by reduced Notch3 expression and increased apoptosis of T-ALL cells. Finally, HDAC6 silencing impaired leukemia outgrowth in mice, associated with reduction of Notch3 full-length protein in vivo. These results connect HDAC6 activity to regulation of total and surface Notch3 levels and suggest HDAC6 as a potential novel therapeutic target to lower Notch signaling in T-ALL and other Notch3-addicted tumors.
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35
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Li S, Li S, Wang B, Jiang J. Hedgehog reciprocally controls trafficking of Smo and Ptc through the Smurf family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/516/eaan8660. [PMID: 29438012 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan8660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) induces signaling by promoting the reciprocal trafficking of its receptor Patched (Ptc) and the signal transducer Smoothened (Smo), which is inhibited by Ptc, at the cell surface. We identified Smurf family E3 ubiquitin ligases as essential for Smo ubiquitylation and cell surface clearance and demonstrated that Smurf family members mediate the reciprocal trafficking of Ptc and Smo in Drosophila melanogaster G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (Gprk2)-mediated phosphorylation of Smurf promoted Smo ubiquitylation by increasing the recruitment of Smurf to Smo, whereas protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of Smo caused Smurf to dissociate from Smo, thereby inhibiting Smo ubiquitylation. Smo and Ptc competed for the same pool of Smurf family E3 ubiquitin ligases, and Hh promoted Ptc ubiquitylation and degradation by disrupting the association of Smurf family E3 ubiquitin ligases with Smo and stimulating their binding to Ptc. Our study identifies the E3 ubiquitin ligases that target Smo and provides insight into how Hh regulates the reciprocal trafficking of its receptor and signal transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shuangxi Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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36
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Shukla V, Shukla A, Joshi SS, Lu R. Interferon regulatory factor 4 attenuates Notch signaling to suppress the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41081-41094. [PMID: 27232759 PMCID: PMC5173044 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular pathogenesis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is not fully elucidated. Genome wide association studies have linked Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF4) to the development of CLL. We recently established a causal relationship between low levels of IRF4 and development of CLL. However, the molecular mechanism through which IRF4 suppresses CLL development remains unclear. Deregulation of Notch signaling pathway has been identified as one of the most recurrent molecular anomalies in the pathogenesis of CLL. Yet, the role of Notch signaling as well as its regulation during CLL development remains poorly understood. Previously, we demonstrated that IRF4 deficient mice expressing immunoglobulin heavy chain Vh11 (IRF4−/−Vh11) developed spontaneous CLL with complete penetrance. In this study, we show that elevated Notch2 expression and the resulting hyperactivation of Notch signaling are common features of IRF4−/−Vh11 CLL cells. Our studies further reveal that Notch signaling is indispensable for CLL development in the IRF4−/−Vh11 mice. Moreover, we identify E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4, which targets Notch for degradation, as a direct target of IRF4 in CLL cells and their precursors. Collectively, our studies provide the first in vivo evidence for an essential role of Notch signaling in the development of CLL and establish IRF4 as a critical regulator of Notch signaling during CLL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Shukla
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ashima Shukla
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shantaram S Joshi
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Runqing Lu
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Bala Tannan N, Collu G, Humphries AC, Serysheva E, Weber U, Mlodzik M. AKAP200 promotes Notch stability by protecting it from Cbl/lysosome-mediated degradation in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007153. [PMID: 29309414 PMCID: PMC5785023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AKAP200 is a Drosophila melanogaster member of the “A Kinase Associated Protein” family of scaffolding proteins, known for their role in the spatial and temporal regulation of Protein Kinase A (PKA) in multiple signaling contexts. Here, we demonstrate an unexpected function of AKAP200 in promoting Notch protein stability. In Drosophila, AKAP200 loss-of-function (LOF) mutants show phenotypes that resemble Notch LOF defects, including eye patterning and sensory organ specification defects. Through genetic interactions, we demonstrate that AKAP200 interacts positively with Notch in both the eye and the thorax. We further show that AKAP200 is part of a physical complex with Notch. Biochemical studies reveal that AKAP200 stabilizes endogenous Notch protein, and that it limits ubiquitination of Notch. Specifically, our genetic and biochemical evidence indicates that AKAP200 protects Notch from the E3-ubiquitin ligase Cbl, which targets Notch to the lysosomal pathway. Indeed, we demonstrate that the effect of AKAP200 on Notch levels depends on the lysosome. Interestingly, this function of AKAP200 is fully independent of its role in PKA signaling and independent of its ability to bind PKA. Taken together, our data indicate that AKAP200 is a novel tissue specific posttranslational regulator of Notch, maintaining high Notch protein levels and thus promoting Notch signaling. AKAP200 belongs to a family of scaffolding proteins best known for their regulation of PKA localization. In this study, we have identified a novel role of AKAP200 in Notch protein stability and signaling. In Drosophila melanogaster, AKAP200’s loss and gain-of-function (LOF/GOF) phenotypes are characteristic of Notch signaling defects. Furthermore, we demonstrated genetic interactions between AKAP200 and Notch. Consistent with this, AKAP200 stabilizes the endogenous Notch protein and limits its ubiquitination. AKAP200 exerts its effects on Notch by antagonizing Cbl-mediated ubiquitination and thus lysosome targeting of Notch. Based on these data, we postulate a novel PKA independent mechanism of AKAP200 to achieve optimal Notch protein levels, with AKAP200 preventing Cbl-mediated lysosomal degradation of Notch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Bala Tannan
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Giovanna Collu
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ashley C. Humphries
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ekatherina Serysheva
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ursula Weber
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Alfred V, Vaccari T. Mechanisms of Non-canonical Signaling in Health and Disease: Diversity to Take Therapy up a Notch? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1066:187-204. [PMID: 30030827 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89512-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-canonical Notch signaling encompasses a wide range of cellular processes, diverging considerably from the established paradigm. It can dispense of ligand, proteolytic or nuclear activity. Non-canonical Notch signaling events have been studied mostly in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the organism in which Notch was identified first and a powerful model for understanding signaling outcomes. However, non-canonical events are ill-defined and their involvement in human physiology is not clear, hampering our understanding of diseases arising from Notch signaling alterations. At a time in which therapies based on specific targeting of Notch signaling are still an unfulfilled promise, detailed understanding of non-canonical Notch events might be key to devising more specific and less toxic pharmacologic options. Based on the blueprint of non-canonical signaling in Drosophila, here, we review and rationalize current evidence about non-canonical Notch signaling. Our effort might inform Notch biologists developing new research avenues and clinicians seeking future treatment of Notch-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Alfred
- IFOM, Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare at IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- IFOM, Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare at IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Endocytic Trafficking of the Notch Receptor. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1066:99-122. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89512-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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40
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Plasma membrane-derived extracellular microvesicles mediate non-canonical intercellular NOTCH signaling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:709. [PMID: 28955033 PMCID: PMC5617834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ARMMs (arrestin domain-containing protein 1 (ARRDC1)-mediated microvesicles) are extracellular vesicles that bud directly at the plasma membrane; however, little is known about the molecular composition and physiological function of these vesicles. Here we report that ARMMs contain active NOTCH receptors and mediate a non-canonical intercellular NOTCH signaling. We identify over 100 proteins that are significantly enriched in ARMMs, including ARRDC1, TSG101 and multiple ESCRT complex proteins. About a third of ARMMs-enriched proteins are plasma membrane proteins, including the NOTCH2 receptor. The incorporation of NOTCH2 into ARMMs is facilitated by the ITCH E3 ligase and the metalloprotease ADAM10, both of which are also secreted into ARMMs. NOTCH2 in ARMMs can be delivered into recipient cells, and upon activation by γ-secretase cleavage, induces NOTCH-specific gene expression. Together, our findings reveal a role for ARMMs in a novel NOTCH signaling pathway that acts in distance and is independent of direct cell–cell contact. ARMMs are extracellular vesicles that bud directly at the plasma membrane; their function is poorly understood. Here the authors purify and carryout a proteomics analysis of the protein components of ARMMs, and show that NOTCH receptors are recruited into ARMMs and can be transferred to recipient cells to mediate NOTCH signaling.
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41
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Zhu JY, Heidersbach A, Kathiriya IS, Garay BI, Ivey KN, Srivastava D, Han Z, King IN. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4/Nedd4L is directly regulated by microRNA 1. Development 2017; 144:866-875. [PMID: 28246214 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
miR-1 is a small noncoding RNA molecule that modulates gene expression in heart and skeletal muscle. Loss of Drosophila miR-1 produces defects in somatic muscle and embryonic heart development, which have been partly attributed to miR-1 directly targeting Delta to decrease Notch signaling. Here, we show that overexpression of miR-1 in the fly wing can paradoxically increase Notch activity independently of its effects on Delta. Analyses of potential miR-1 targets revealed that miR-1 directly regulates the 3'UTR of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 Analysis of embryonic and adult fly heart revealed that the Nedd4 protein regulates heart development in Drosophila Larval fly hearts overexpressing miR-1 have profound defects in actin filament organization that are partially rescued by concurrent overexpression of Nedd4. These results indicate that miR-1 and Nedd4 act together in the formation and actin-dependent patterning of the fly heart. Importantly, we have found that the biochemical and genetic relationship between miR-1 and the mammalian ortholog Nedd4-like (Nedd4l) is evolutionarily conserved in the mammalian heart, potentially indicating a role for Nedd4L in mammalian postnatal maturation. Thus, miR-1-mediated regulation of Nedd4/Nedd4L expression may serve to broadly modulate the trafficking or degradation of Nedd4/Nedd4L substrates in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Zhu
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Amy Heidersbach
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Irfan S Kathiriya
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bayardo I Garay
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kathryn N Ivey
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zhe Han
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Isabelle N King
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA .,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Horner DS, Pasini ME, Beltrame M, Mastrodonato V, Morelli E, Vaccari T. ESCRT genes and regulation of developmental signaling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 74:29-39. [PMID: 28847745 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport) proteins have been shown to control an increasing number of membrane-associated processes. Some of these, and prominently regulation of receptor trafficking, profoundly shape signal transduction. Evidence in fungi, plants and multiple animal models support the emerging concept that ESCRTs are main actors in coordination of signaling with the changes in cells and tissues occurring during development and homeostasis. Consistent with their pleiotropic function, ESCRTs are regulated in multiple ways to tailor signaling to developmental and homeostatic needs. ESCRT activity is crucial to correct execution of developmental programs, especially at key transitions, allowing eukaryotes to thrive and preventing appearance of congenital defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Horner
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria E Pasini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Beltrame
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Mastrodonato
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Morelli
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy.
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Chastagner P, Rubinstein E, Brou C. Ligand-activated Notch undergoes DTX4-mediated ubiquitylation and bilateral endocytosis before ADAM10 processing. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/483/eaag2989. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aag2989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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44
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Totaro A, Castellan M, Battilana G, Zanconato F, Azzolin L, Giulitti S, Cordenonsi M, Piccolo S. YAP/TAZ link cell mechanics to Notch signalling to control epidermal stem cell fate. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15206. [PMID: 28513598 PMCID: PMC5442321 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
How the behaviour of somatic stem cells (SCs) is influenced by mechanical signals remains a black-box in cell biology. Here we show that YAP/TAZ regulation by cell shape and rigidity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) dictates a pivotal SC decision: to remain undifferentiated and grow, or to activate a terminal differentiation programme. Notably, mechano-activation of YAP/TAZ promotes epidermal stemness by inhibition of Notch signalling, a key factor for epidermal differentiation. Conversely, YAP/TAZ inhibition by low mechanical forces induces Notch signalling and loss of SC traits. As such, mechano-dependent regulation of YAP/TAZ reflects into mechano-dependent regulation of Notch signalling. Mechanistically, at least in part, this is mediated by YAP/TAZ binding to distant enhancers activating the expression of Delta-like ligands, serving as ‘in cis' inhibitors of Notch. Thus YAP/TAZ mechanotransduction integrates with cell–cell communication pathways for fine-grained orchestration of SC decisions. Notch signalling is a fundamental negative regulator of epidermal stemness. Here, the authors show that cell mechanics through YAP/TAZ activity prevent primary human keratinocytes from differentiating by inhibiting cell-autonomous Notch signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Totaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, Padua 35126, Italy
| | - Martina Castellan
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, Padua 35126, Italy
| | - Giusy Battilana
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, Padua 35126, Italy
| | - Francesca Zanconato
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, Padua 35126, Italy
| | - Luca Azzolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, Padua 35126, Italy
| | - Stefano Giulitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, Padua 35126, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padua, via Marzolo 9, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Cordenonsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, Padua 35126, Italy
| | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, Padua 35126, Italy
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Abstract
Newly synthesized transmembrane proteins undergo a series of steps to ensure that only the required amount of correctly folded protein is localized to the membrane. The regulation of protein quality and its abundance at the membrane are often controlled by ubiquitination, a multistep enzymatic process that results in the attachment of ubiquitin, or chains of ubiquitin to the target protein. Protein ubiquitination acts as a signal for sorting, trafficking, and the removal of membrane proteins via endocytosis, a process through which multiple ubiquitin ligases are known to specifically regulate the functions of a number of ion channels, transporters, and signaling receptors. Endocytic removal of these proteins through ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis provides a way to rapidly downregulate the physiological outcomes, and defects in such controls are directly linked to human pathologies. Recent evidence suggests that ubiquitination is also involved in the shedding of membranes and associated proteins as extracellular vesicles, thereby not only controlling the cell surface levels of some membrane proteins, but also their potential transport to neighboring cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and functions of ubiquitination of membrane proteins and provide specific examples of ubiquitin-dependent regulation of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Foot
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tanya Henshall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Brigui A, Hofmann L, Argüelles C, Sanial M, Holmgren RA, Plessis A. Control of the dynamics and homeostasis of the Drosophila Hedgehog receptor Patched by two C2-WW-HECT-E3 Ubiquitin ligases. Open Biol 2016; 5:rsob.150112. [PMID: 26446620 PMCID: PMC4632511 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved Hedgehog (HH) signals control animal development, adult stem cell maintenance and oncogenesis. In Drosophila, the HH co-receptor Patched (PTC) controls both HH gradient formation and signalling. PTC is post-translationally downregulated by HH, which promotes its endocytosis and destabilization, but the mechanisms of PTC trafficking and its importance in the control of PTC remain to be understood. PTC interacts with E3 Ubiquitin (UB)-ligases of the C2-WW-HECT family; two of them—SMURF and NEDD4—are known to regulate its levels. We demonstrate that mutation of the PTC PY motif, which mediates binding of C2-WW-HECT family members, inhibits its internalization but not its autonomous and non-autonomous signalling activities. In addition, we show that the two related UB-C2-WW-HECT ligases NEDD4 and SU(DX) regulate PTC trafficking and finely tune its accumulation through partially redundant but distinct functions. While both NEDD4 and SU(DX) promote PTC endocytosis, only SU(DX) is able to induce its lysosomal targeting and degradation. In conclusion, PTC trafficking and homeostasis are tightly regulated by a family of UB-ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Brigui
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75205, France
| | - Line Hofmann
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75205, France
| | - Camilla Argüelles
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75205, France
| | - Matthieu Sanial
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75205, France
| | - Robert A Holmgren
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Anne Plessis
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75205, France
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Lina TT, Farris T, Luo T, Mitra S, Zhu B, McBride JW. Hacker within! Ehrlichia chaffeensis Effector Driven Phagocyte Reprogramming Strategy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:58. [PMID: 27303657 PMCID: PMC4885862 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a small, gram negative, obligately intracellular bacterium that preferentially infects mononuclear phagocytes. It is the etiologic agent of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME), an emerging life-threatening tick-borne zoonosis. Mechanisms by which E. chaffeensis establishes intracellular infection, and avoids host defenses are not well understood, but involve functionally relevant host-pathogen interactions associated with tandem and ankyrin repeat effector proteins. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie Ehrlichia host cellular reprogramming strategies that enable intracellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taslima T Lina
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Tierra Farris
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Tian Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Shubhajit Mitra
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Bing Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jere W McBride
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA; Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA
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48
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Hu B, Phan SH. Notch in fibrosis and as a target of anti-fibrotic therapy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 108:57-64. [PMID: 27107790 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Notch pathway represents a highly conserved signaling network with essential roles in regulation of key cellular processes and functions, many of which are critical for development. Accumulating evidence indicates that it is also essential for fibrosis and thus the pathogenesis of chronic fibroproliferative diseases in diverse organs and tissues. Different effects of Notch activation are observed depending on cellular and tissue context as well as in both physiologic and pathologic states. Close interactions of Notch signaling pathway with other signaling pathways have been identified. In this review, current knowledge on the role of the Notch signaling with special focus on fibrosis and its potential as a therapeutic target is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Sem H Phan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Li H, Koo Y, Mao X, Sifuentes-Dominguez L, Morris LL, Jia D, Miyata N, Faulkner RA, van Deursen JM, Vooijs M, Billadeau DD, van de Sluis B, Cleaver O, Burstein E. Endosomal sorting of Notch receptors through COMMD9-dependent pathways modulates Notch signaling. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:605-17. [PMID: 26553930 PMCID: PMC4639872 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201505108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
COMMD protein family member COMMD9 regulates the endosome to plasma membrane trafficking of Notch through a unique COMMD–CCDC22–CCDC93 (CCC) complex. Notch family members are transmembrane receptors that mediate essential developmental programs. Upon ligand binding, a proteolytic event releases the intracellular domain of Notch, which translocates to the nucleus to regulate gene transcription. In addition, Notch trafficking across the endolysosomal system is critical in its regulation. In this study we report that Notch recycling to the cell surface is dependent on the COMMD–CCDC22–CCDC93 (CCC) complex, a recently identified regulator of endosomal trafficking. Disruption in this system leads to intracellular accumulation of Notch2 and concomitant reduction in Notch signaling. Interestingly, among the 10 copper metabolism MURR1 domain containing (COMMD) family members that can associate with the CCC complex, only COMMD9 and its binding partner, COMMD5, have substantial effects on Notch. Furthermore, Commd9 deletion in mice leads to embryonic lethality and complex cardiovascular alterations that bear hallmarks of Notch deficiency. Altogether, these studies highlight that the CCC complex controls Notch activation by modulating its intracellular trafficking and demonstrate cargo-specific effects for members of the COMMD protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Yeon Koo
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Xicheng Mao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | | | - Lindsey L Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Da Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Naoteru Miyata
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Rebecca A Faulkner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW-School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Molecular Genetics Section - Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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50
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Regulation of Notch Signaling Through Intracellular Transport. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 323:107-27. [PMID: 26944620 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The highly conserved Notch-signaling pathway performs a central role in cell differentiation, survival, and proliferation. A major mechanism by which cells modulate signaling is by controlling the intracellular transport itinerary of Notch. Indeed, Notch removal from the cell surface and its targeting to the lysosome for degradation is one way in which Notch activity is downregulated since it limits receptor exposure to ligand. In contrast, Notch-signaling capacity is maintained through repeated rounds of receptor recycling and redelivery of Notch to the cell surface from endosomal stores. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms by which Notch transit through the endosome is controlled and how various intracellular sorting decisions are thought to impact signaling activity.
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