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Ochiai KK, Hanawa D, Ogawa HA, Tanaka H, Uesaka K, Edzuka T, Shirae-Kurabayashi M, Toyoda A, Itoh T, Goshima G. Genome sequence and cell biological toolbox of the highly regenerative, coenocytic green feather alga Bryopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:1091-1111. [PMID: 38642374 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Green feather algae (Bryopsidales) undergo a unique life cycle in which a single cell repeatedly executes nuclear division without cytokinesis, resulting in the development of a thallus (>100 mm) with characteristic morphology called coenocyte. Bryopsis is a representative coenocytic alga that has exceptionally high regeneration ability: extruded cytoplasm aggregates rapidly in seawater, leading to the formation of protoplasts. However, the genetic basis of the unique cell biology of Bryopsis remains poorly understood. Here, we present a high-quality assembly and annotation of the nuclear genome of Bryopsis sp. (90.7 Mbp, 27 contigs, N50 = 6.7 Mbp, 14 034 protein-coding genes). Comparative genomic analyses indicate that the genes encoding BPL-1/Bryohealin, the aggregation-promoting lectin, are heavily duplicated in Bryopsis, whereas homologous genes are absent in other ulvophyceans, suggesting the basis of regeneration capability of Bryopsis. Bryopsis sp. possesses >30 kinesins but only a single myosin, which differs from other green algae that have multiple types of myosin genes. Consistent with this biased motor toolkit, we observed that the bidirectional motility of chloroplasts in the cytoplasm was dependent on microtubules but not actin in Bryopsis sp. Most genes required for cytokinesis in plants are present in Bryopsis, including those in the SNARE or kinesin superfamily. Nevertheless, a kinesin crucial for cytokinesis initiation in plants (NACK/Kinesin-7II) is hardly expressed in the coenocytic part of the thallus, possibly underlying the lack of cytokinesis in this portion. The present genome sequence lays the foundation for experimental biology in coenocytic macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta K Ochiai
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, 517-0004, Japan
| | - Daiki Hanawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Harumi A Ogawa
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, 517-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuma Uesaka
- Centre for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tomoya Edzuka
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, 517-0004, Japan
| | - Maki Shirae-Kurabayashi
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, 517-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takehiko Itoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, 517-0004, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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2
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Wang X, Li T, Xu J, Zhang F, Liu L, Wang T, Wang C, Ren H, Zhang Y. Distinct functions of microtubules and actin filaments in the transportation of the male germ unit in pollen. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5448. [PMID: 38937444 PMCID: PMC11211427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Flowering plants rely on the polarized growth of pollen tubes to deliver sperm cells (SCs) to the embryo sac for double fertilization. In pollen, the vegetative nucleus (VN) and two SCs form the male germ unit (MGU). However, the mechanism underlying directional transportation of MGU is not well understood. In this study, we provide the first full picture of the dynamic interplay among microtubules, actin filaments, and MGU during pollen germination and tube growth. Depolymerization of microtubules and inhibition of kinesin activity result in an increased velocity and magnified amplitude of VN's forward and backward movement. Pharmacological washout experiments further suggest that microtubules participate in coordinating the directional movement of MGU. In contrast, suppression of the actomyosin system leads to a reduced velocity of VN mobility but without a moving pattern change. Moreover, detailed observation shows that the direction and velocity of VN's movement are in close correlations with those of the actomyosin-driven cytoplasmic streaming surrounding VN. Therefore, we propose that while actomyosin-based cytoplasmic streaming influences on the oscillational movement of MGU, microtubules and kinesins avoid MGU drifting with the cytoplasmic streaming and act as the major regulator for fine-tuning the proper positioning and directional migration of MGU in pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Tonghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Fanfan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Guangdong Zhuhai-Macao Joint Biotech Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, 519087, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.
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3
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Pereira D, Alline T, Cascaro L, Lin E, Asnacios A. Mechanical resistance of the environment affects root hair growth and nucleus dynamics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13788. [PMID: 38877117 PMCID: PMC11178823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Root hair (RH) cells are important for the growth and survival of seedlings. They favor plant-microbe interactions and nutrients uptake. When invading the soil, RH cells have to penetrate a dense medium exhibiting a variety of physical properties, such as mechanical resistance, that impact the growth and survival of plants. Here we investigate the effect of the mechanical resistance of the culture medium on RH-physical and phenotypical parameters such as length, time, and speed of growth. We also analyze the impact of the environment on nuclear dynamics. We show that the RH growth rate and the nucleus speed decrease similarly as mechanical resistance increases while the time of growth of RH cells is invariable. Moreover, during RH growth, the nucleus-to-tip distance was found to decrease when the stiffness of the environment was increased. Along this line, using Latrunculin B treatment in liquid growth media, we could internally slow down RH growth to reach speeds similar to those observed in stiff solid media while the nucleus-to-tip distance was only slightly affected, supporting thus the idea of a specific effect of mechanical resistance of the environment on nucleus dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pereira
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR7057, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Thomas Alline
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR7057, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Léa Cascaro
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR7057, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Lin
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR7057, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Atef Asnacios
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR7057, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013, Paris, France.
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4
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Mottareale R, Frascogna C, La Verde G, Arrichiello C, Muto P, Netti PA, Fusco S, Panzetta V, Pugliese M. Impact of ionizing radiation on cell-ECM mechanical crosstalk in breast cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1408789. [PMID: 38903185 PMCID: PMC11187264 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1408789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The stiffness of the extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in cell motility and spreading, influencing cell morphology through cytoskeleton organization and transmembrane proteins' expression. In this context, mechanical characterization of both cells and the extracellular matrix gains prominence for enhanced diagnostics and clinical decision-making. Here, we investigate the combined effect of mechanotransduction and ionizing radiations on altering cells' mechanical properties, analysing mammary cell lines (MCF10A and MDA-MB-231) after X-ray radiotherapy (2 and 10 Gy). We found that ionizing radiations sensitively affect adenocarcinoma cells cultured on substrates mimicking cancerous tissue stiffness (15 kPa), inducing an increased structuration of paxillin-rich focal adhesions and cytoskeleton: this process translates in the augmentation of tension at the actin filaments level, causing cellular stiffness and consequently affecting cytoplasmatic/nuclear morphologies. Deeper exploration of the intricate interplay between mechanical factors and radiation should provide novel strategies to orient clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Mottareale
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems E. Caianiello (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Crescenzo Frascogna
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Verde
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Arrichiello
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabato Fusco
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Valeria Panzetta
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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5
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Yoshinari A, Isoda R, Yagi N, Sato Y, Lindeboom JJ, Ehrhardt DW, Frommer WB, Nakamura M. Near-infrared imaging of phytochrome-derived autofluorescence in plant nuclei. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1699-1712. [PMID: 38509728 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Capturing images of the nuclear dynamics within live cells is an essential technique for comprehending the intricate biological processes inherent to plant cell nuclei. While various methods exist for imaging nuclei, including combining fluorescent proteins and dyes with microscopy, there is a dearth of commercially available dyes for live-cell imaging. In Arabidopsis thaliana, we discovered that nuclei emit autofluorescence in the near-infrared (NIR) range of the spectrum and devised a non-invasive technique for the visualization of live cell nuclei using this inherent NIR autofluorescence. Our studies demonstrated the capability of the NIR imaging technique to visualize the dynamic behavior of nuclei within primary roots, root hairs, and pollen tubes, which are tissues that harbor a limited number of other organelles displaying autofluorescence. We further demonstrated the applicability of NIR autofluorescence imaging in various other tissues by incorporating fluorescence lifetime imaging techniques. Nuclear autofluorescence was also detected across a wide range of plant species, enabling analyses without the need for transformation. The nuclear autofluorescence in the NIR wavelength range was not observed in animal or yeast cells. Genetic analysis revealed that this autofluorescence was caused by the phytochrome protein. Our studies demonstrated that nuclear autofluorescence imaging can be effectively employed not only in model plants but also for studying nuclei in non-model plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshinari
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-0814, Japan
| | - Reika Isoda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Yagi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Jelmer J Lindeboom
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - David W Ehrhardt
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Masayoshi Nakamura
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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6
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Dupouy G, Dong Y, Herzog E, Chabouté ME, Berr A. Nuclear envelope dynamics in connection to chromatin remodeling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:963-981. [PMID: 37067011 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus is a central organelle of eukaryotic cells undergoing dynamic structural changes during cellular fundamental processes such as proliferation and differentiation. These changes rely on the integration of developmental and stress signals at the nuclear envelope (NE), orchestrating responses at the nucleo-cytoplasmic interface for efficient genomic functions such as DNA transcription, replication and repair. While in animals, correlation has already been established between NE dynamics and chromatin remodeling using last-generation tools and cutting-edge technologies, this topic is just emerging in plants, especially in response to mechanical cues. This review summarizes recent data obtained in this field with more emphasis on the mechanical stress response. It also highlights similarities/differences between animal and plant cells at multiples scales, from the structural organization of the nucleo-cytoplasmic continuum to the functional impacts of NE dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Dupouy
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer,, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yihan Dong
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer,, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Herzog
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer,, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Edith Chabouté
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer,, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Berr
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer,, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
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7
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Chocano-Coralla EJ, Vidali L. Myosin XI, a model of its conserved role in plant cell tip growth. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:505-515. [PMID: 38629612 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, organelle and vesicle transport, positioning, and interactions play crucial roles in cytoplasmic organization and function. These processes are governed by intracellular trafficking mechanisms. At the core of that trafficking, the cytoskeleton and directional transport by motor proteins stand out as its key regulators. Plant cell tip growth is a well-studied example of cytoplasm organization by polarization. This polarization, essential for the cell's function, is driven by the cytoskeleton and its associated motors. This review will focus on myosin XI, a molecular motor critical for vesicle trafficking and polarized plant cell growth. We will center our discussion on recent data from the moss Physcomitrium patens and the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. The biochemical properties and structure of myosin XI in various plant species are discussed, highlighting functional conservation across species. We further explore this conservation of myosin XI function in the process of vesicle transport in tip-growing cells. Existing evidence indicates that myosin XI actively organizes actin filaments in tip-growing cells by a mechanism based on vesicle clustering at their tips. A hypothetical model is presented to explain the essential function of myosin XI in polarized plant cell growth based on vesicle clustering at the tip. The review also provides insight into the in vivo localization and dynamics of myosin XI, emphasizing its role in cytosolic calcium regulation, which influences the polymerization of F-actin. Lastly, we touch upon the need for additional research to elucidate the regulation of myosin function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Vidali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, U.S.A
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8
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Kumar S, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N. Dehydration-responsive cytoskeleton proteome of rice reveals reprograming of key molecular pathways to mediate metabolic adaptation and cell survival. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108359. [PMID: 38237420 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
The plant cytoskeletal proteins play a key role that control cytoskeleton dynamics, contributing to crucial biological processes such as cell wall morphogenesis, stomatal conductance and abscisic acid accumulation in repercussion to water-deficit stress or dehydration. Yet, it is still completely unknown which specific biochemical processes and regulatory mechanisms the cytoskeleton uses to drive dehydration tolerance. To better understand the role of cytoskeleton, we developed the dehydration-responsive cytoskeletal proteome map of a resilient rice cultivar. Initially, four-week-old rice plants were exposed to progressive dehydration, and the magnitude of dehydration-induced compensatory physiological responses was monitored in terms of physicochemical indices. The organelle fractionation in conjunction with label-free quantitative proteome analysis led to the identification of 955 dehydration-responsive cytoskeletal proteins (DRCPs). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a stress-responsive plant cytoskeletal proteome, representing the largest inventory of cytoskeleton and cytoskeleton-associated proteins. The DRCPs were apparently involved in a wide array of intra-cellular molecules transportation, organelles positioning, cytoskeleton organization followed by different metabolic processes including amino acid metabolism. These findings presented open a unique view on global regulation of plant cytoskeletal proteome is intimately linked to cellular metabolic rewiring of adaptive responses, and potentially confer dehydration tolerance, especially in rice, and other crop species, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Tian Z, Wang X, Dun X, Zhao K, Wang H, Ren L. An integrated QTL mapping and transcriptome sequencing provides further molecular insights and candidate genes for stem strength in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:38. [PMID: 38294547 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We detected the major QTL- qSR.A07, which regulated stem strength and was fine-mapped to 490 kb. BnaA07G0302800ZS and BnaA07G0305700ZS as the candidate functional genes were identified at qSR.A07 locus. The stem's mechanical properties reflect its ability to resist lodging. In rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), although stem lodging negatively affects yield and generates harvesting difficulties, the molecular regulation of stem strength remains elusive. Hence, this study aimed to unravel the main loci and molecular mechanisms governing rapeseed stem strength. A mapping population consisting of 267 RILs (recombinant inbred lines) was developed from the crossed between ZS11 (high stem strength) and 4D122 (low stem strength), and two mechanical properties of stems including stem breaking strength and stem rind penetrometer resistance were phenotyped in four different environments. Four pleiotropic QTLs that were stable in at least two environments were detected. qSR.A07, the major one, was fine-mapped to a 490 kb interval between markers SA7-2711 and SA7-2760 on chromosome 7. It displayed epistatic interaction with qRPR.A09-2. Comparative transcriptome sequencing and analysis unveiled methionine/S-adenosylmethionine cycle (Met/SAM cycle), cytoskeleton organization, sulfur metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis as the main pathways associated with high stem strength. Further, we identified two candidate genes, BnaA07G0302800ZS and BnaA07G0305700ZS, at qSR.A07 locus. Gene sequence alignment identified a number of InDels, SNPs and amino acid variants in sequences of these genes between ZS11 and 4D122. Finally, based on these genetic variants, we developed three SNP markers of these genes to facilitate future genetic selection and functional studies. These findings offer important genetic resources for the molecular-assisted breeding of novel rapeseed stem lodging-resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshu Tian
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Industrial Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xinfa Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoling Dun
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiqin Zhao
- Industrial Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lijun Ren
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'An, China.
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10
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Griffing LR. Dancing with the Stars: Using Image Analysis to Study the Choreography of the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Its Partners and of Movement Within Its Tubules. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2772:87-114. [PMID: 38411808 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3710-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In this chapter, approaches to the image analysis of the choreography of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) labeled with fluorescent fusion proteins ("stars," if you wish) are presented. The approaches include the analyses of those parts of the ER that are attached through membrane contact sites to moving or non-moving partners (other "stars"). Image analysis is also used to understand the nature of the tubular polygonal network, the hallmark of this organelle, and how the polygons change over time due to tubule sliding or motion. Furthermore, the remodeling polygons of the ER interact with regions of fundamentally different topologies, the ER cisternae, and image analysis can be used to separate the tubules from the cisternae. ER cisternae, like polygons and tubules, can be motile or stationary. To study which parts are attached to non-moving partners, such as domains of the ER that form membrane contact sites with the plasma membrane/cell wall, an image analysis approach called persistency mapping has been used. To study the domains of the ER that move rapidly and stream through the cell, image analysis of optic flow has been used. However, optic flow approaches confuse the movement of the ER itself with the movement of proteins within the ER. As an overall measure of ER dynamics, optic flow approaches are of value, but their limitation as to what exactly is "flowing" needs to be specified. Finally, there are important imaging approaches that directly address the movement of fluorescent proteins within the ER lumen or in the membrane of the ER. Of these, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), inverse FRAP (iFRAP), and single particle tracking approaches are described.
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Blunt EL, Choi J, Sussman H, Christopherson RC, Keen P, Rahmati Ishka M, Li LY, Idrovo JM, Julkowska MM, Van Eck J, Richards EJ. The nuclear lamina is required for proper development and nuclear shape distortion in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5500-5513. [PMID: 37503569 PMCID: PMC10540737 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear lamina in plant cells is composed of plant-specific proteins, including nuclear matrix constituent proteins (NMCPs), which have been postulated to be functional analogs of lamin proteins that provide structural integrity to the organelle and help stabilize the three-dimensional organization of the genome. Using genomic editing, we generated alleles for the three genes encoding NMCPs in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to determine if the consequences of perturbing the nuclear lamina in this crop species were similar to or distinct from those observed in the model Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss of the sole NMCP2-class protein was lethal in tomato but is tolerated in Arabidopsis. Moreover, depletion of NMCP1-type nuclear lamina proteins leads to distinct developmental phenotypes in tomato, including leaf morphology defects and reduced root growth rate (in nmcp1b mutants), compared with cognate mutants in Arabidopsis. These findings suggest that the nuclear lamina interfaces with different developmental and signaling pathways in tomato compared with Arabidopsis. At the subcellular level, however, tomato nmcp mutants resembled their Arabidopsis counterparts in displaying smaller and more spherical nuclei in differentiated cells. This result argues that the plant nuclear lamina facilitates nuclear shape distortion in response to forces exerted on the organelle within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endia L Blunt
- The Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Junsik Choi
- The Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hayley Sussman
- The Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Patricia Keen
- The Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Linda Y Li
- The Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Joanna M Idrovo
- The Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Joyce Van Eck
- The Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Eric J Richards
- The Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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12
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Yoshida MW, Oguri N, Goshima G. Physcomitrium patens SUN2 Mediates MTOC Association with the Nuclear Envelope and Facilitates Chromosome Alignment during Spindle Assembly. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1106-1117. [PMID: 37421143 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells lack centrosomes and instead utilize acentrosomal microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) to rapidly increase the number of microtubules at the onset of spindle assembly. Although several proteins required for MTOC formation have been identified, how the MTOC is positioned at the right place is not known. Here, we show that the inner nuclear membrane protein SUN2 is required for MTOC association with the nuclear envelope (NE) during mitotic prophase in the moss Physcomitrium patens. In actively dividing protonemal cells, microtubules accumulate around the NE during prophase. In particular, regional MTOC is formed at the apical surface of the nucleus. However, microtubule accumulation around the NE was impaired and apical MTOCs were mislocalized in sun2 knockout cells. Upon NE breakdown, the mitotic spindle was assembled with mislocalized MTOCs. However, completion of chromosome alignment in the spindle was delayed; in severe cases, the chromosome was transiently detached from the spindle body. SUN2 tended to localize to the apical surface of the nucleus during prophase in a microtubule-dependent manner. Based on these results, we propose that SUN2 facilitates the attachment of microtubules to chromosomes during spindle assembly by localizing microtubules to the NE. MTOC mispositioning was also observed during the first division of the gametophore tissue. Thus, this study suggests that microtubule-nucleus linking, a well-known function of SUN in animals and yeast, is conserved in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari W Yoshida
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Noiri Oguri
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, 429-63 Sugashima-cho, Toba, 517-0004 Japan
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13
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Ashraf MA, Liu L, Facette MR. A polarized nuclear position specifies the correct division plane during maize stomatal development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:125-139. [PMID: 37300534 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division generates different cell types and is a feature of development in multicellular organisms. Prior to asymmetric cell division, cell polarity is established. Maize (Zea mays) stomatal development serves as an excellent plant model system for asymmetric cell division, especially the asymmetric division of the subsidiary mother cell (SMC). In SMCs, the nucleus migrates to a polar location after the accumulation of polarly localized proteins but before the appearance of the preprophase band. We examined a mutant of an outer nuclear membrane protein that is part of the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex that localizes to the nuclear envelope in interphase cells. Previously, maize linc kash sine-like2 (mlks2) was observed to have abnormal stomata. We confirmed and identified the precise defects that lead to abnormal asymmetric divisions. Proteins that are polarly localized in SMCs prior to division polarized normally in mlks2. However, polar localization of the nucleus was sometimes impaired, even in cells that have otherwise normal polarity. This led to a misplaced preprophase band and atypical division planes. MLKS2 localized to mitotic structures; however, the structure of the preprophase band, spindle, and phragmoplast appeared normal in mlks2. Time-lapse imaging revealed that mlks2 has defects in premitotic nuclear migration toward the polarized site and unstable position at the division site after formation of the preprophase band. Overall, our results show that nuclear envelope proteins promote premitotic nuclear migration and stable nuclear position and that the position of the nucleus influences division plane establishment in asymmetrically dividing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arif Ashraf
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Plant Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Michelle R Facette
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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14
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Hartman KS, Muroyama A. Polarizing to the challenge: New insights into polarity-mediated division orientation in plant development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 74:102383. [PMID: 37285693 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Land plants depend on oriented cell divisions that specify cell identities and tissue architecture. As such, the initiation and subsequent growth of plant organs require pathways that integrate diverse systemic signals to inform division orientation. Cell polarity is one solution to this challenge, allowing cells to generate internal asymmetry both spontaneously and in response to extrinsic cues. Here, we provide an update on our understanding of how plasma membrane-associated polarity domains control division orientation in plant cells. These cortical polar domains are flexible protein platforms whose positions, dynamics, and recruited effectors can be modulated by varied signals to control cellular behavior. Several recent reviews have explored the formation and maintenance of polar domains during plant development [1-4], so we focus here on substantial advances in our understanding of polarity-mediated division orientation from the last five years to provide a current snapshot of the field and highlight areas for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensington S Hartman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew Muroyama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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15
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Collins PP, Broad RC, Yogeeswaran K, Varsani A, Poole AM, Collings DA. Characterisation of the trans-membrane nucleoporins GP210 and NDC1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 332:111719. [PMID: 37116717 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear pore is structurally conserved across eukaryotes as are many of the pore's constituent proteins. The transmembrane nuclear pore proteins GP210 and NDC1 span the nuclear envelope holding the nuclear pore in place. Orthologues of GP210 and NDC1 in Arabidopsis were investigated through characterisation of T-DNA insertional mutants. While the T-DNA insert into GP210 reduced expression of the gene, the insert in the NDC1 gene resulted in increased expression in both the ndc1 mutant as well as the ndc1/gp210 double mutant. The ndc1 and gp210 individual mutants showed little phenotypic difference from wild-type plants, but the ndc1/gp210 mutant showed a range of phenotypic effects. As with many plant nuclear pore protein mutants, these effects included non-nuclear phenotypes such as reduced pollen viability, reduced growth and glabrous leaves in mature plants. Importantly, however, ndc1/gp210 exhibited nuclear-specific effects including modifications to nuclear shape in different cell types. We also observed functional changes to nuclear transport in ndc1/gp210 plants, with low levels of cytoplasmic fluorescence observed in cells expressing nuclear-targeted GFP. The lack of phenotypes in individual insertional lines, and the relatively mild phenotype suggests that additional transmembrane nucleoporins, such as the recently-discovered CPR5, likely compensate for their loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P Collins
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Ronan C Broad
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Krithika Yogeeswaran
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Arvind Varsani
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Anthony M Poole
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - David A Collings
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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16
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Nan Q, Liang H, Mendoza J, Liu L, Fulzele A, Wright A, Bennett EJ, Rasmussen CG, Facette MR. The OPAQUE1/DISCORDIA2 myosin XI is required for phragmoplast guidance during asymmetric cell division in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2678-2693. [PMID: 37017144 PMCID: PMC10291028 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Formative asymmetric divisions produce cells with different fates and are critical for development. We show the maize (Zea mays) myosin XI protein, OPAQUE1 (O1), is necessary for asymmetric divisions during maize stomatal development. We analyzed stomatal precursor cells before and during asymmetric division to determine why o1 mutants have abnormal division planes. Cell polarization and nuclear positioning occur normally in the o1 mutant, and the future site of division is correctly specified. The defect in o1 becomes apparent during late cytokinesis, when the phragmoplast forms the nascent cell plate. Initial phragmoplast guidance in o1 is normal; however, as phragmoplast expansion continues o1 phragmoplasts become misguided. To understand how O1 contributes to phragmoplast guidance, we identified O1-interacting proteins. Maize kinesins related to the Arabidopsis thaliana division site markers PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESINs (POKs), which are also required for correct phragmoplast guidance, physically interact with O1. We propose that different myosins are important at multiple steps of phragmoplast expansion, and the O1 actin motor and POK-like microtubule motors work together to ensure correct late-stage phragmoplast guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Nan
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Janette Mendoza
- Department of Botany, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Amit Fulzele
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amanda Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Eric J Bennett
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Michelle R Facette
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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17
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Yoshida MW, Hakozaki M, Goshima G. Armadillo repeat-containing kinesin represents the versatile plus-end-directed transporter in Physcomitrella. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:733-748. [PMID: 37142749 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin-1, also known as conventional kinesin, is widely used for microtubule plus-end-directed (anterograde) transport of various cargos in animal cells. However, a motor functionally equivalent to the conventional kinesin has not been identified in plants, which lack the kinesin-1 genes. Here we show that plant-specific armadillo repeat-containing kinesin (ARK) is the long sought-after versatile anterograde transporter in plants. In ARK mutants of the moss Physcomitrium patens, the anterograde motility of nuclei, chloroplasts, mitochondria and secretory vesicles was suppressed. Ectopic expression of non-motile or tail-deleted ARK did not restore organelle distribution. Another prominent macroscopic phenotype of ARK mutants was the suppression of cell tip growth. We showed that this defect was attributed to the mislocalization of actin regulators, including RopGEFs; expression and forced apical localization of RopGEF3 partially rescued the growth phenotype of the ARK mutant. The mutant phenotypes were partially rescued by ARK homologues in Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting the conservation of ARK functions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari W Yoshida
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maya Hakozaki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, Japan.
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18
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Andov B, Boulaflous-Stevens A, Pain C, Mermet S, Voisin M, Charrondiere C, Vanrobays E, Tutois S, Evans DE, Kriechbaumer V, Tatout C, Graumann K. In Depth Topological Analysis of Arabidopsis Mid-SUN Proteins and Their Interaction with the Membrane-Bound Transcription Factor MaMYB. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091787. [PMID: 37176845 PMCID: PMC10180911 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mid-SUN proteins are a neglected family of conserved type III membrane proteins of ancient origin with representatives in plants, animals, and fungi. Previous higher plant studies have associated them with functions at the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this study, high-resolution confocal light microscopy is used to explore the localisation of SUN3 and SUN4 in the perinuclear region, to explore topology, and to study the role of mid-SUNs on endoplasmic reticulum morphology. The role of SUN3 in the ER is reinforced by the identification of a protein interaction between SUN3 and the ER membrane-bound transcription factor maMYB. The results highlight the importance of mid-SUNs as functional components of the ER and outer nuclear membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisa Andov
- Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | | | - Charlotte Pain
- Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Sarah Mermet
- CNRS, Inserm, GReD Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maxime Voisin
- CNRS, Inserm, GReD Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Camille Charrondiere
- CNRS, Inserm, GReD Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Vanrobays
- CNRS, Inserm, GReD Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvie Tutois
- CNRS, Inserm, GReD Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David E Evans
- Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Verena Kriechbaumer
- Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Christophe Tatout
- CNRS, Inserm, GReD Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Katja Graumann
- Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
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19
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Uyehara AN, Rasmussen CG. Redundant mechanisms in division plane positioning. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151308. [PMID: 36921356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Redundancies in plant cell division contribute to the maintenance of proper division plane orientation. Here we highlight three types of redundancy: 1) Temporal redundancy, or correction of earlier defects that results in proper final positioning, 2) Genetic redundancy, or functional compensation by homologous genes, and 3) Synthetic redundancy, or redundancy within or between pathways that contribute to proper division plane orientation. Understanding the types of redundant mechanisms involved provides insight into current models of division plane orientation and opens up new avenues for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee N Uyehara
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, USA.
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20
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Studying Nuclear Dynamics in Response to Actin Disruption in Planta. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2604:203-214. [PMID: 36773235 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2867-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The plant nucleus and the actin cytoskeleton are intimately connected. The actin cytoskeleton is pivotal for nuclear positioning, shape, and dynamics. These properties of the nucleus are important for its functions during normal development and in response to external cues such as biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, we know that there is a direct physical connection between the actin cytoskeleton and the nucleus which spans the double-membraned nuclear envelope into the nuclear lamina, and this connection is called the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Recently a role for actin in regulating inter-nuclear organization via the control of nuclear invaginations has emerged. Therefore, a detailed understanding of nuclear shape, organization, and dynamics and the techniques used to measure and quantify these metrics will allow us to determine and further understand the contribution made by actin to these parameters. The protocols described here will allow researchers to determine the circularity index of a nucleus, quantify nuclear deformations, and determine dynamics of nuclei within plant cells.
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21
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Ashraf MA. A nuclear Pandora's box: functions of nuclear envelope proteins in cell division. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plac065. [PMID: 36779223 PMCID: PMC9910035 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus is characteristic of eukaryotic cells and nuclear envelope proteins are conserved across the kingdoms. Over the years, the function of these proteins was studied in the intact nuclear envelope. Knowledge regarding the localization and function of nuclear envelope proteins during mitosis, after the nuclear envelope breaks down, is limited. Until recently, the localization of nuclear envelope proteins during mitosis has been observed with the mitotic apparatus. In this context, research in plant cell biology is more advanced compared to non-plant model systems. Although current studies shed light on the localization of nuclear envelope proteins, further experiments are required to determine what, if any, functional role different nuclear envelope proteins play during mitosis. This review will highlight our current knowledge about the role of nuclear envelope proteins and point out the unanswered questions as future direction.
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22
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Kumar S, Jeevaraj T, Yunus MH, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N. The plant cytoskeleton takes center stage in abiotic stress responses and resilience. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:5-22. [PMID: 36151598 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stress resilience behaviours in plants are defensive mechanisms that develop under adverse environmental conditions to promote growth, development and yield. Over the past decades, improving stress resilience, especially in crop species, has been a focus of intense research for global food security and economic growth. Plants have evolved specific mechanisms to sense external stress and transmit information to the cell interior and generate appropriate responses. Plant cytoskeleton, comprising microtubules and actin filaments, takes a center stage in stress-induced signalling pathways, either as a direct target or as a signal transducer. In the past few years, it has become apparent that the function of the plant cytoskeleton and other associated proteins are not merely limited to elementary processes of cell growth and proliferation, but they also function in stress response and resilience. This review summarizes recent advances in the role of plant cytoskeleton and associated proteins in abiotic stress management. We provide a thorough overview of the mechanisms that plant cells employ to withstand different abiotic stimuli such as hypersalinity, dehydration, high temperature and cold, among others. We also discuss the crucial role of the plant cytoskeleton in organellar positioning under the influence of high light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Stress Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Theboral Jeevaraj
- Stress Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd H Yunus
- Stress Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- Stress Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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23
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Hajibarat Z, Saidi A, Gorji AM, Zeinalabedini M, Ghaffari MR, Hajibarat Z, Nasrollahi A. Identification of myosin genes and their expression in response to biotic (PVY, PVX, PVS, and PVA) and abiotic (Drought, Heat, Cold, and High-light) stress conditions in potato. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11983-11996. [PMID: 36271979 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant organelles are highly motile where their movement is significant for fast distribution of material around the cell, facilitation of the plant's ability to respond to abiotic and biotic signals, and for appropriate growth. Abiotic and biotic stresses are among the major factors limiting crop yields, and biological membranes are the first target of these stresses. Plants utilize adaptive mechanisms namely myosin to repair injured membranes following exposure to abiotic and biotic stresses. OBJECTIVE Due to the economic importance and cultivation of potato grown under abiotic and biotic stress prone areas, identification and characterization of myosin family members in potato were performed in the present research. METHODS To identify the myosin genes in potato, we performed genome-wide analysis of myosin genes in the S. tuberosum genome using the phytozome. All putative sequences were approved with the interproscan. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted using phylogenetic tree, gene structure, cis-regulatory elements, protein-protein interaction, and gene expression. RESULT The majority of the cell machinery contain actin cytoskeleton and myosins, where motility of organelles are dependent on them. Homology-based analysis was applied to determine seven myosin genes in the potato genome. The members of myosin could be categorized into two groups (XI and VIII). Some of myosin proteins were sub-cellularly located in the nucleus containing 71.5% of myosin proteins and other myosin proteins were localized in the mitochondria, plasma-membrane, and cytoplasm. Determination of co-expressed network, promoter analysis, and gene structure were also performed and gene expression pattern of each gene was surveyed. Number of introns in the gene family members varied from 1 to 39. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that StMyoXI-B and StMyoVIII-2 had the highest transcripts, induced by biotic and abiotic stresses in all three tissues of stem, root, and leaves, respectively. Overall, different cis-elements including abiotic and biotic responsive, hormonal responsive, light responsive, defense responsive elements were found in the myosin promoter sequences. Among the cis-elements, the MYB, G-box, ABRE, JA, and SA contributed the most in the plant growth and development, and in response to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. CONCLUSION Our results showed that myosin genes can be utilized in breeding programs and genetic engineering of plants with the aim of increasing tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, especially to viral stresses such as PVY, PVX, PVA, PVS, high light, drought, cold and heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajibarat
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Saidi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Mosuapour Gorji
- Department of Vegetable Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehrshad Zeinalabedini
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaffari
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Zohreh Hajibarat
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nasrollahi
- Department of Vegetable Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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24
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Acevedo-Garcia J, Walden K, Leissing F, Baumgarten K, Drwiega K, Kwaaitaal M, Reinstädler A, Freh M, Dong X, James GV, Baus LC, Mascher M, Stein N, Schneeberger K, Brocke-Ahmadinejad N, Kollmar M, Schulze-Lefert P, Panstruga R. Barley Ror1 encodes a class XI myosin required for mlo-based broad-spectrum resistance to the fungal powdery mildew pathogen. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:84-103. [PMID: 35916711 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-function alleles of plant MLO genes confer broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildews in many eudicot and monocot species. Although barley (Hordeum vulgare) mlo mutants have been used in agriculture for more than 40 years, understanding of the molecular principles underlying this type of disease resistance remains fragmentary. Forward genetic screens in barley have revealed mutations in two Required for mlo resistance (Ror) genes that partially impair immunity conferred by mlo mutants. While Ror2 encodes a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attached protein receptor (SNARE), the identity of Ror1, located at the pericentromeric region of barley chromosome 1H, remained elusive. We report the identification of Ror1 based on combined barley genomic sequence information and transcriptomic data from ror1 mutant plants. Ror1 encodes the barley class XI myosin Myo11A (HORVU.MOREX.r3.1HG0046420). Single amino acid substitutions of this myosin, deduced from non-functional ror1 mutant alleles, map to the nucleotide-binding region and the interface between the relay-helix and the converter domain of the motor protein. Ror1 myosin accumulates transiently in the course of powdery mildew infection. Functional fluorophore-labeled Ror1 variants associate with mobile intracellular compartments that partially colocalize with peroxisomes. Single-cell expression of the Ror1 tail region causes a dominant-negative effect that phenocopies ror1 loss-of-function mutants. We define a myosin motor for the establishment of mlo-mediated resistance, suggesting that motor protein-driven intracellular transport processes are critical for extracellular immunity, possibly through the targeted transfer of antifungal and/or cell wall cargoes to pathogen contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Acevedo-Garcia
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kim Walden
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franz Leissing
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kira Baumgarten
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Drwiega
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Kwaaitaal
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Reinstädler
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Freh
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Geo Velikkakam James
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa C Baus
- Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany
- Center of integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Von Siebold Str. 8, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Korbinian Schneeberger
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nahal Brocke-Ahmadinejad
- INRES Crop Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 2, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Kollmar
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Group Systems Biology of Motor Proteins, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul Schulze-Lefert
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
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25
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Brueggeman JM, Windham IA, Nebenführ A. Nuclear movement in growing Arabidopsis root hairs involves both actin filaments and microtubules. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5388-5399. [PMID: 35554524 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear migration during growth and development is a conserved phenomenon among many eukaryotic species. In Arabidopsis, movement of the nucleus is important for root hair growth, but the detailed mechanism behind this movement is not well known. Previous studies in different cell types have reported that the myosin XI-I motor protein is responsible for this nuclear movement by attaching to the nuclear transmembrane protein complex WIT1/WIT2. Here, we analyzed nuclear movement in growing root hairs of wild-type, myosin xi-i, and wit1 wit2 Arabidopsis lines in the presence of actin and microtubule-disrupting inhibitors to determine the individual effects of actin filaments and microtubules on nuclear movement. We discovered that forward nuclear movement during root hair growth can occur in the absence of myosin XI-I, suggesting the presence of an alternative actin-based mechanism that mediates rapid nuclear displacements. By quantifying nuclear movements with high temporal resolution during the initial phase of inhibitor treatment, we determined that microtubules work to dampen erratic nuclear movements during root hair growth. We also observed microtubule-dependent backwards nuclear movement when actin filaments were impaired in the absence of myosin XI-I, indicating the presence of complex interactions between the cytoskeletal arrays during nuclear movements in growing root hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Brueggeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Ian A Windham
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andreas Nebenführ
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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26
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Hong WJ, Kim EJ, Yoon J, Silva J, Moon S, Min CW, Cho LH, Kim ST, Park SK, Kim YJ, Jung KH. A myosin XI adaptor, TAPE, is essential for pollen tube elongation in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:562-575. [PMID: 35736513 PMCID: PMC9434255 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube (PT) elongation is important for double fertilization in angiosperms and affects the seed-setting rate and, therefore, crop productivity. Compared to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.), information on PT elongation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is limited by the difficulty in obtaining homozygous mutants. In a screen of T-DNA insertional mutants, we identified a mutant in the Tethering protein of actomyosin transport in pollen tube elongation (TAPE) gene with an unusual segregation ratio by genotyping analysis. A CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mutant of TAPE that produced a short PT was sterile, and TAPE was expressed specifically in pollen grains. TAPE is a homolog of a myosin XI adaptor in Arabidopsis with three tetratricopeptide repeat and Phox and Bem1 protein domains. TAPE showed latrunculin B-sensitive, actin-dependent localization to the endoplasmic reticulum. Yeast two-hybrid screening and transcriptome analysis revealed that TAPE interacted with pollen-specific LIM protein 2b and elongation factor 1-alpha. Loss of TAPE affected transcription of 1,259 genes, especially genes related to cell organization, which were downregulated. In summary, TAPE encodes a myosin XI adaptor essential for rice PT elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jong Hong
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmi Yoon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeniffer Silva
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunok Moon
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Authors for correspondence: (Y.-J.K.); (K.-H.J.)
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Authors for correspondence: (Y.-J.K.); (K.-H.J.)
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27
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Sakamoto T, Sakamoto Y, Grob S, Slane D, Yamashita T, Ito N, Oko Y, Sugiyama T, Higaki T, Hasezawa S, Tanaka M, Matsui A, Seki M, Suzuki T, Grossniklaus U, Matsunaga S. Two-step regulation of centromere distribution by condensin II and the nuclear envelope proteins. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:940-953. [PMID: 35915144 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The arrangement of centromeres within the nucleus differs among species and cell types. However, neither the mechanisms determining centromere distribution nor its biological significance are currently well understood. In this study, we demonstrate the importance of centromere distribution for the maintenance of genome integrity through the cytogenic and molecular analysis of mutants defective in centromere distribution. We propose a two-step regulatory mechanism that shapes the non-Rabl-like centromere distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana through condensin II and the linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Condensin II is enriched at centromeres and, in cooperation with the LINC complex, induces the scattering of centromeres around the nuclear periphery during late anaphase/telophase. After entering interphase, the positions of the scattered centromeres are then stabilized by nuclear lamina proteins of the CROWDED NUCLEI (CRWN) family. We also found that, despite their strong impact on centromere distribution, condensin II and CRWN proteins have little effect on chromatin organization involved in the control of gene expression, indicating a robustness of chromatin organization regardless of the type of centromere distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Stefan Grob
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Slane
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomoe Yamashita
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Nanami Ito
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yuka Oko
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Hasezawa
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsui
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan.
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28
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Yi P, Goshima G. Division site determination during asymmetric cell division in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2120-2139. [PMID: 35201345 PMCID: PMC9134084 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
During development, both animals and plants exploit asymmetric cell division (ACD) to increase tissue complexity, a process that usually generates cells dissimilar in size, morphology, and fate. Plants lack the key regulators that control ACD in animals. Instead, plants have evolved two unique cytoskeletal structures to tackle this problem: the preprophase band (PPB) and phragmoplast. The assembly of the PPB and phragmoplast and their contributions to division plane orientation have been extensively studied. However, how the division plane is positioned off the cell center during asymmetric division is poorly understood. Over the past 20 years, emerging evidence points to a critical role for polarly localized membrane proteins in this process. Although many of these proteins are species- or cell type specific, and the molecular mechanism underlying division asymmetry is not fully understood, common features such as morphological changes in cells, cytoskeletal dynamics, and nuclear positioning have been observed. In this review, we provide updates on polarity establishment and nuclear positioning during ACD in plants. Together with previous findings about symmetrically dividing cells and the emerging roles of developmental cues, we aim to offer evolutionary insight into a common framework for asymmetric division-site determination and highlight directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba 517-0004, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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29
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Biel A, Moser M, Groves NR, Meier I. Distinct Roles for KASH Proteins SINE1 and SINE2 in Guard Cell Actin Reorganization, Calcium Oscillations, and Vacuolar Remodeling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:784342. [PMID: 35599883 PMCID: PMC9120628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.784342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex is a protein complex spanning the inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope. Outer nuclear membrane KASH proteins interact in the nuclear envelope lumen with inner nuclear membrane SUN proteins. The paralogous Arabidopsis KASH proteins SINE1 and SINE2 function during stomatal dynamics induced by light-dark transitions and ABA. Previous studies have shown F-actin organization, cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) oscillations, and vacuolar morphology changes are involved in ABA-induced stomatal closure. Here, we show that SINE1 and SINE2 are both required for actin pattern changes during ABA-induced stomatal closure, but influence different, temporally distinguishable steps. External Ca2+ partially overrides the mutant defects. ABA-induced cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillations are diminished in sine2-1 but not sine1-1, and this defect can be rescued by both exogenous Ca2+ and F-actin depolymerization. We show first evidence for nuclear Ca2+ oscillations during ABA-induced stomatal closure, which are disrupted in sine2-1. Vacuolar fragmentation is impaired in both mutants and is partially rescued by F-actin depolymerization. Together, these data indicate distinct roles for SINE1 and SINE2 upstream of this network of players involved in ABA-based stomatal closure, suggesting a role for the nuclear surface in guard cell ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia Biel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Morgan Moser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Norman R. Groves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Iris Meier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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30
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Cheung AY, Cosgrove DJ, Hara-Nishimura I, Jürgens G, Lloyd C, Robinson DG, Staehelin LA, Weijers D. A rich and bountiful harvest: Key discoveries in plant cell biology. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:53-71. [PMID: 34524464 PMCID: PMC8773953 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The field of plant cell biology has a rich history of discovery, going back to Robert Hooke's discovery of cells themselves. The development of microscopes and preparation techniques has allowed for the visualization of subcellular structures, and the use of protein biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology has enabled the identification of proteins and mechanisms that regulate key cellular processes. In this review, seven senior plant cell biologists reflect on the development of this research field in the past decades, including the foundational contributions that their teams have made to our rich, current insights into cell biology. Topics covered include signaling and cell morphogenesis, membrane trafficking, cytokinesis, cytoskeletal regulation, and cell wall biology. In addition, these scientists illustrate the pathways to discovery in this exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Cell Biology Program, Plant Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | - Gerd Jürgens
- ZMBP-Developmental Genetics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Clive Lloyd
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - David G Robinson
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - L Andrew Staehelin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347, USA
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708WE, the Netherlands
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31
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Kang BH, Anderson CT, Arimura SI, Bayer E, Bezanilla M, Botella MA, Brandizzi F, Burch-Smith TM, Chapman KD, Dünser K, Gu Y, Jaillais Y, Kirchhoff H, Otegui MS, Rosado A, Tang Y, Kleine-Vehn J, Wang P, Zolman BK. A glossary of plant cell structures: Current insights and future questions. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:10-52. [PMID: 34633455 PMCID: PMC8846186 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this glossary of plant cell structures, we asked experts to summarize a present-day view of plant organelles and structures, including a discussion of outstanding questions. In the following short reviews, the authors discuss the complexities of the plant cell endomembrane system, exciting connections between organelles, novel insights into peroxisome structure and function, dynamics of mitochondria, and the mysteries that need to be unlocked from the plant cell wall. These discussions are focused through a lens of new microscopy techniques. Advanced imaging has uncovered unexpected shapes, dynamics, and intricate membrane formations. With a continued focus in the next decade, these imaging modalities coupled with functional studies are sure to begin to unravel mysteries of the plant cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology and Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Shin-ichi Arimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emmanuelle Bayer
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, Villenave d'Ornon F-33140, France
| | - Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Miguel A Botella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortifruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora,” Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Tessa M Burch-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - Kai Dünser
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP) University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Abel Rosado
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP) University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bethany Karlin Zolman
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
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32
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Di Stefano M, Nützmann HW. Modeling the 3D genome of plants. Nucleus 2021; 12:65-81. [PMID: 34057011 PMCID: PMC8168717 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2021.1927503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomes are the carriers of inheritable traits and define cell function and development. This is not only based on the linear DNA sequence of chromosomes but also on the additional molecular information they are associated with, including the transcription machinery, histone modifications, and their three-dimensional folding. The synergistic application of experimental approaches and computer simulations has helped to unveil how these organizational layers of the genome interplay in various organisms. However, such multidisciplinary approaches are still rarely explored in the plant kingdom. Here, we provide an overview of our current knowledge on plant 3D genome organization and review recent efforts to integrate cutting-edge experiments from microscopy and next-generation sequencing approaches with theoretical models. Building on these recent approaches, we propose possible avenues to extend the application of theoretical modeling in the characterization of the 3D genome organization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Stefano
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hans-Wilhelm Nützmann
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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33
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Fan J, Sun Z, Wang Y. The assembly of a noncanonical LINC complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 2021; 68:91-96. [PMID: 34779871 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex is a protein complex across the nuclear envelope and has maintained its general assembly mode throughout evolution. SUN and KASH proteins, which are the major components of LINC complex, interact with each other in the nuclear lumen to transmit forces across the nuclear envelope and have diverse functions. However, research of LINC complex in budding yeast has been limited due to the lack of identification of a canonical KASH protein and a cytoskeleton factor. Here, we review recent findings that addressed these puzzles in budding yeast. We highlight the distinct assembly model of the telomere-associated LINC complex in budding yeast, which could be beneficial for identifying LINC variants in other eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Fan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
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34
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Arabidopsis thaliana myosin XIK is recruited to the Golgi through interaction with a MyoB receptor. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1182. [PMID: 34645991 PMCID: PMC8514473 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell organelles are highly mobile and their positioning play key roles in plant growth, development and responses to changing environmental conditions. Movement is acto-myosin dependent. Despite controlling the dynamics of several organelles, myosin and myosin receptors identified so far in Arabidopsis thaliana generally do not localise to the organelles whose movement they control, raising the issue of how specificity is determined. Here we show that a MyoB myosin receptor, MRF7, specifically localises to the Golgi membrane and affects its movement. Myosin XI-K was identified as a putative MRF7 interactor through mass spectrometry analysis. Co-expression of MRF7 and XI-K tail triggers the relocation of XI-K to the Golgi, linking a MyoB/myosin complex to a specific organelle in Arabidopsis. FRET-FLIM confirmed the in vivo interaction between MRF7 and XI-K tail on the Golgi and in the cytosol, suggesting that myosin/myosin receptor complexes perhaps cycle on and off organelle membranes. This work supports a traditional mechanism for organelle movement where myosins bind to receptors and adaptors on the organelle membranes, allowing them to actively move on the actin cytoskeleton, rather than passively in the recently proposed cytoplasmic streaming model. Perico et al. use co-expression analysis and a FRET-FLIM approach to show that the Arabidopsis MyoB myosin receptor, MRF7, triggers the relocation of Myosin XI-K to the Golgi. As such, this study provides evidence for plant myosin recruitment and control of organelle movement.
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35
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Singh G, Pereira D, Baudrey S, Hoffmann E, Ryckelynck M, Asnacios A, Chabouté ME. Real-time tracking of root hair nucleus morphodynamics using a microfluidic approach. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:303-313. [PMID: 34562320 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs (RHs) are tubular extensions of root epidermal cells that favour nutrient uptake and microbe interactions. RHs show a fast apical growth, constituting a unique single cell model system for analysing cellular morphodynamics. In this context, live cell imaging using microfluidics recently developed to analyze root development is appealing, although high-resolution imaging is still lacking to enable an investigation of the accurate spatiotemporal morphodynamics of organelles. Here, we provide a powerful coverslip based microfluidic device (CMD) that enables us to capture high resolution confocal imaging of Arabidopsis RH development with real-time monitoring of nuclear movement and shape changes. To validate the setup, we confirmed the typical RH growth rates and the mean nuclear positioning previously reported with classical methods. Moreover, to illustrate the possibilities offered by the CMD, we have compared the real-time variations in the circularity, area and aspect ratio of nuclei moving in growing and mature RHs. Interestingly, we observed higher aspect ratios in the nuclei of mature RHs, correlating with higher speeds of nuclear migration. This observation opens the way for further investigations of the effect of mechanical constraints on nuclear shape changes during RH growth and nuclear migration and its role in RH and plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - David Pereira
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057, CNRS et Université de Paris, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Stéphanie Baudrey
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Elise Hoffmann
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Michael Ryckelynck
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Atef Asnacios
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057, CNRS et Université de Paris, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Marie-Edith Chabouté
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67084, France
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36
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Masuda K, Hikida R, Fujino K. The plant nuclear lamina proteins NMCP1 and NMCP2 form a filamentous network with lateral filament associations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6190-6204. [PMID: 34086868 PMCID: PMC8483785 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant genomes lack genes encoding intermediate filament proteins, including lamins; however, functional lamin analogues are presumed to exist in plants. Plant-specific coiled-coil proteins, that is, nuclear matrix constituent proteins (NMCPs), are the most likely candidates as the structural elements of the nuclear lamina because they exhibit a lamin-like domain arrangement. They are exclusively localized at the nuclear periphery and have functions that are analogous to those of lamins. However, their assembly into filamentous polymers has not yet been confirmed. In this study, we examined the higher-order structure of NMCP1 and NMCP2 in Apium graveolens cells by using stimulated emission depletion microscopy combined with immunofluorescence cell labelling. Our analyses revealed that NMCP1 and NMCP2 form intricate filamentous networks, which include thick segments consisting of filament bundles, forming a dense filamentous layer extending across the nuclear periphery. Furthermore, the outermost chromatin distribution was found to be in the nucleoplasm-facing region of the nuclear lamina. Recombinant Daucus carota NMCP1 with a His-tag produced in Escherichia coli refolded into dimers and self-assembled into filaments and filament bundles. These results suggest that NMCP1 and NMCP2 organize into the nuclear lamina by forming a filamentous network with filament bundles that localize at the nuclear periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Masuda
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-8589, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Riku Hikida
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-8589, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kaien Fujino
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-8589, Hokkaido, Japan
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37
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Duckney P, Kroon JT, Dixon MR, Hawkins TJ, Deeks MJ, Hussey PJ. NETWORKED2-subfamily proteins regulate the cortical actin cytoskeleton of growing pollen tubes and polarised pollen tube growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:152-164. [PMID: 33864269 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have recently characterised NET2A as a pollen-specific actin-binding protein that binds F-actin at the plasma membrane of growing pollen tubes. However, the role of NET2 proteins in pollen development and fertilisation have yet to be elucidated. To further characterise the role of Arabidopsis NET2 proteins in pollen development and fertilisation, we analysed the subcellular localisation of NET2A over the course of pollen grain development and investigated the role of the NET2 family using net2 loss-of-function mutants. We observed NET2A to localise to the F-actin cytoskeleton in developing pollen grains as it underwent striking structural reorganisations at specific stages of development and during germination and pollen tube growth. Furthermore, net2 loss-of-function mutants exhibited striking morphological defects in the early stages of pollen tube growth, arising from frequent changes to pollen tube growth trajectory. We observed defects in the cortical actin cytoskeleton and actin-driven subcellular processes in net2 mutant pollen tubes. We demonstrate that NET2 proteins are essential for normal actin-driven pollen development highlighting an important role for the NET2 family members in regulating pollen tube growth during fertilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Duckney
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Johan T Kroon
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Martin R Dixon
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Timothy J Hawkins
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Michael J Deeks
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Patrick J Hussey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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You C, Zhang Y, Yang S, Wang X, Yao W, Jin W, Wang W, Hu X, Yang H. Proteomic Analysis of Generative and Vegetative Nuclei Reveals Molecular Characteristics of Pollen Cell Differentiation in Lily. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:641517. [PMID: 34163497 PMCID: PMC8215658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.641517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the cell fates of a vegetative cell (VC) and generative cell (GC) are determined after the asymmetric division of the haploid microspore. The VC exits the cell cycle and grows a pollen tube, while the GC undergoes further mitosis to produce two sperm cells for double fertilization. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying their fate differentiation remains limited. One major advantage of the nuclear proteome analysis is that it is the only method currently able to uncover the systemic differences between VC and GC due to GC being engulfed within the cytoplasm of VC, limiting the use of transcriptome. Here, we obtained pure preparations of the vegetative cell nuclei (VNs) and generative cell nuclei (GNs) from germinating lily pollens. Utilizing these high-purity VNs and GNs, we compared the differential nucleoproteins between them using state-of-the-art quantitative proteomic techniques. We identified 720 different amount proteins (DAPs) and grouped the results in 11 fate differentiation categories. Among them, we identified 29 transcription factors (TFs) and 10 cell fate determinants. Significant differences were found in the molecular activities of vegetative and reproductive nuclei. The TFs in VN mainly participate in pollen tube development. In comparison, the TFs in GN are mainly involved in cell differentiation and male gametogenesis. The identified novel TFs may play an important role in cell fate differentiation. Our data also indicate differences in nuclear pore complexes and epigenetic modifications: more nucleoporins synthesized in VN; more histone variants and chaperones; and structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins, chromatin remodelers, and DNA methylation-related proteins expressed in GN. The VC has active macromolecular metabolism and mRNA processing, while GC has active nucleic acid metabolism and translation. Moreover, the members of unfolded protein response (UPR) and programmed cell death accumulate in VN, and DNA damage repair is active in GN. Differences in the stress response of DAPs in VN vs. GN were also found. This study provides a further understanding of pollen cell differentiation mechanisms and also a sound basis for future studies of the molecular mechanisms behind cell fate differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen You
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - YuPing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - ShaoYu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - WeiHuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - XiuLi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dubos T, Poulet A, Gonthier-Gueret C, Mougeot G, Vanrobays E, Li Y, Tutois S, Pery E, Chausse F, Probst AV, Tatout C, Desset S. Automated 3D bio-imaging analysis of nuclear organization by NucleusJ 2.0. Nucleus 2021; 11:315-329. [PMID: 33153359 PMCID: PMC7714466 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2020.1845012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NucleusJ 1.0, an ImageJ plugin, is a useful tool to analyze nuclear morphology and chromatin organization in plant and animal cells. NucleusJ 2.0 is a new release of NucleusJ, in which image processing is achieved more quickly using a command-lineuser interface. Starting with large collection of 3D nuclei, segmentation can be performed by the previously developed Otsu-modified method or by a new 3D gift-wrapping method, taking better account of nuclear indentations and unstained nucleoli. These two complementary methods are compared for their accuracy by using three types of datasets available to the community at https://www.brookes.ac.uk/indepth/images/ . Finally, NucleusJ 2.0 was evaluated using original plant genetic material by assessing its efficiency on nuclei stained with DNA dyes or after 3D-DNA Fluorescence in situ hybridization. With these improvements, NucleusJ 2.0 permits the generation of large user-curated datasets that will be useful for software benchmarking or to train convolution neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Dubos
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France58
| | - Axel Poulet
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University , New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Guillaume Mougeot
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France58.,Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University , Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanuel Vanrobays
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France58
| | - Yanru Li
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich , Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Tutois
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France58
| | - Emilie Pery
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Chausse
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aline V Probst
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France58
| | - Christophe Tatout
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France58
| | - Sophie Desset
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France58
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40
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Evans DE, Mermet S, Tatout C. Advancing knowledge of the plant nuclear periphery and its application for crop science. Nucleus 2021; 11:347-363. [PMID: 33295233 PMCID: PMC7746251 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2020.1838697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we explore recent advances in knowledge of the structure and dynamics of the plant nuclear envelope. As a paradigm, we focused our attention on the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, a structurally conserved bridging complex comprising SUN domain proteins in the inner nuclear membrane and KASH domain proteins in the outer nuclear membrane. Studies have revealed that this bridging complex has multiple functions with structural roles in positioning the nucleus within the cell, conveying signals across the membrane and organizing chromatin in the 3D nuclear space with impact on gene transcription. We also provide an up-to-date survey in nuclear dynamics research achieved so far in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana that highlights its potential impact on several key plant functions such as growth, seed maturation and germination, reproduction and response to biotic and abiotic stress. Finally, we bring evidences that most of the constituents of the LINC Complex and associated components are, with some specificities, conserved in monocot and dicot crop species and are displaying very similar functions to those described for Arabidopsis. This leads us to suggest that a better knowledge of this system and a better account of its potential applications will in the future enhance the resilience and productivity of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Evans
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University , Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Mermet
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Tatout
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France
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41
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Stephan L, Jakoby M, Das A, Koebke E, Hülskamp M. Unravelling the molecular basis of the dominant negative effect of myosin XI tails on P-bodies. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252327. [PMID: 34038472 PMCID: PMC8153422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The directional movement and positioning of organelles and macromolecules is essential for regulating and maintaining cellular functions in eukaryotic cells. In plants, these processes are actin-based and driven by class XI myosins, which transport various cargos in a directed manner. As the analysis of myosin function is challenging due to high levels of redundancy, dominant negative acting truncated myosins have frequently been used to study intracellular transport processes. A comparison of the dominant negative effect of the coiled-coil domains and the GTD domains revealed a much stronger inhibition of P-body movement by the GTD domains. In addition, we show that the GTD domain does not inhibit P-body movement when driven by a hybrid myosin in which the GTD domain was replaced by DCP2. These data suggest that the dominant negative effect of myosin tails involves a competition of the GTD domains for cargo binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Stephan
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Jakoby
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arijit Das
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology & Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Koebke
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hülskamp
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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42
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Ashraf S, Tay YD, Kelly DA, Sawin KE. Microtubule-independent movement of the fission yeast nucleus. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.253021. [PMID: 33602740 PMCID: PMC8015250 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.253021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement of the cell nucleus typically involves the cytoskeleton and either polymerization-based pushing forces or motor-based pulling forces. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, nuclear movement and positioning are thought to depend on microtubule polymerization-based pushing forces. Here, we describe a novel, microtubule-independent, form of nuclear movement in fission yeast. Microtubule-independent nuclear movement is directed towards growing cell tips, and it is strongest when the nucleus is close to a growing cell tip, and weakest when the nucleus is far from that tip. Microtubule-independent nuclear movement requires actin cables but does not depend on actin polymerization-based pushing or myosin V-based pulling forces. The vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated proteins (VAPs) Scs2 and Scs22, which are critical for endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact sites in fission yeast, are also required for microtubule-independent nuclear movement. We also find that in cells in which microtubule-based pushing forces are present, disruption of actin cables leads to increased fluctuations in interphase nuclear positioning and subsequent altered septation. Our results suggest two non-exclusive mechanisms for microtubule-independent nuclear movement, which may help illuminate aspects of nuclear positioning in other cells.
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43
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Yuan L, Pan J, Zhu S, Li Y, Yao J, Li Q, Fang S, Liu C, Wang X, Li B, Chen W, Zhang Y. Evolution and Functional Divergence of SUN Genes in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:646622. [PMID: 33763102 PMCID: PMC7982736 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
SUN-domain containing proteins are crucial nuclear membrane proteins involved in a plethora of biological functions, including meiosis, nuclear morphology, and embryonic development, but their evolutionary history and functional divergence are obscure. In all, 216 SUN proteins from protists, fungi, and plants were divided into two monophyletic clades (Cter-SUN and Mid-SUN). We performed comprehensive evolutionary analyses, investigating the characteristics of different subfamilies in plants. Mid-SUNs further evolved into two subgroups, SUN3 and SUN5, before the emergence of the ancestor of angiosperms, while Cter-SUNs retained one subfamily of SUN1. The two clades were distinct from each other in the conserved residues of the SUN domain, the TM motif, and exon/intron structures. The gene losses occurred with equal frequency between these two clades, but duplication events of Mid-SUNs were more frequent. In cotton, SUN3 proteins are primarily expressed in petals and stamens and are moderately expressed in other tissues, whereas SUN5 proteins are specifically expressed in mature pollen. Virus-induced knock-down and the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of GbSUN5 both showed higher ratios of aborted seeds, although pollen viability remained normal. Our results indicated divergence of biological function between SUN3 and SUN5, and that SUN5 plays an important role in reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Jingwen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shouhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Jinbo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Qiulin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shengtao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yongshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
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44
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Yagi H, Nagano AJ, Kim J, Tamura K, Mochizuki N, Nagatani A, Matsushita T, Shimada T. Fluorescent protein-based imaging and tissue-specific RNA-seq analysis of Arabidopsis hydathodes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1260-1270. [PMID: 33165567 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydathodes are typically found at leaf teeth in vascular plants and are involved in water release to the outside. Although morphological and physiological analysis of hydathodes has been performed in various plants, little is known about the genes involved in hydathode function. In this study, we performed fluorescent protein-based imaging and tissue-specific RNA-seq analysis in Arabidopsis hydathodes. We used the enhancer trap line E325, which has been reported to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) at its hydathodes. We found that E325-GFP was expressed in small cells found inside the hydathodes (named E cells) that were distributed between the water pores and xylem ends. No fluorescence of the phloem markers pSUC2:GFP and pSEOR1:SEOR1-YFP was observed in the hydathodes. These observations indicate that Arabidopsis hydathodes are composed of three major components: water pores, xylem ends, and E cells. In addition, we performed transcriptome analysis of the hydathode using the E325-GFP line. Microsamples were collected from GFP-positive or -negative regions of E325 leaf margins with a needle-based device (~130 µm in diameter). RNA-seq was performed with each single microsample using a high-throughput library preparation method called Lasy-Seq. We identified 72 differentially expressed genes. Among them, 68 genes showed significantly higher and four genes showed significantly lower expression in the hydathode. Our results provide new insights into the molecular basis for hydathode physiology and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yagi
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Jaewook Kim
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Mochizuki
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Nagatani
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonao Matsushita
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shimada
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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45
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McKenna JF, Gumber HK, Turpin ZM, Jalovec AM, Kartick AC, Graumann K, Bass HW. Maize ( Zea mays L.) Nucleoskeletal Proteins Regulate Nuclear Envelope Remodeling and Function in Stomatal Complex Development and Pollen Viability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:645218. [PMID: 33679862 PMCID: PMC7925898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.645218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the nuclear envelope (NE) encloses chromatin and separates it from the rest of the cell. The Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex physically bridges across the NE, linking nuclear and cytoplasmic components. In plants, these LINC complexes are beginning to be ascribed roles in cellular and nuclear functions, including chromatin organization, regulation of nuclei shape and movement, and cell division. Homologs of core LINC components, KASH and SUN proteins, have previously been identified in maize. Here, we characterized the presumed LINC-associated maize nucleoskeletal proteins NCH1 and NCH2, homologous to members of the plant NMCP/CRWN family, and MKAKU41, homologous to AtKAKU4. All three proteins localized to the nuclear periphery when transiently and heterologously expressed as fluorescent protein fusions in Nicotiana benthamiana. Overexpression of MKAKU41 caused dramatic changes in the organization of the nuclear periphery, including nuclear invaginations that stained positive for non-nucleoplasmic markers of the inner and outer NE membranes, and the ER. The severity of these invaginations was altered by changes in LINC connections and the actin cytoskeleton. In maize, MKAKU41 appeared to share genetic functions with other LINC components, including control of nuclei shape, stomatal complex development, and pollen viability. Overall, our data show that NCH1, NCH2, and MKAKU41 have characteristic properties of LINC-associated plant nucleoskeletal proteins, including interactions with NE components suggestive of functions at the nuclear periphery that impact the overall nuclear architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. McKenna
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Hardeep K. Gumber
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Zachary M. Turpin
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Alexis M. Jalovec
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Andre C. Kartick
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Katja Graumann
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Katja Graumann, ; Hank W. Bass,
| | - Hank W. Bass
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Katja Graumann, ; Hank W. Bass,
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Wu S, Li H, Wang L, Mak N, Wu X, Ge R, Sun F, Cheng CY. Motor Proteins and Spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:131-159. [PMID: 34453735 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the intermediate filament- and septin-based cytoskeletons which are apolar structures, the microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeletons are polarized structures in mammalian cells and tissues including the testis, most notable in Sertoli cells. In the testis, these cytoskeletons that stretch across the epithelium of seminiferous tubules and lay perpendicular to the basement membrane of tunica propria serve as tracks for corresponding motor proteins to support cellular cargo transport. These cargoes include residual bodies, phagosomes, endocytic vesicles and most notably developing spermatocytes and haploid spermatids which lack the ultrastructures of motile cells (e.g., lamellipodia, filopodia). As such, these developing germ cells require the corresponding motor proteins to facilitate their transport across the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis. Due to the polarized natures of these cytoskeletons with distinctive plus (+) and minus (-) end, directional cargo transport can take place based on the use of corresponding actin- or MT-based motor proteins. These include the MT-based minus (-) end directed motor proteins: dyneins, and the plus (+) end directed motor proteins: kinesins, as well as the actin-based motor proteins: myosins, many of which are plus (+) end directed but a few are also minus (-) end directed motor proteins. Recent studies have shown that these motor proteins are essential to support spermatogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarize and evaluate these recent findings so that this information will serve as a helpful guide for future studies and for planning functional experiments to better understand their role mechanistically in supporting spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huitao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lingling Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nathan Mak
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Goto C, Hara-Nishimura I, Tamura K. Regulation and Physiological Significance of the Nuclear Shape in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:673905. [PMID: 34177991 PMCID: PMC8222917 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.673905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The shape of plant nuclei varies among different species, tissues, and cell types. In Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, nuclei in meristems and guard cells are nearly spherical, whereas those of epidermal cells in differentiated tissues are elongated spindle-shaped. The vegetative nuclei in pollen grains are irregularly shaped in angiosperms. In the past few decades, it has been revealed that several nuclear envelope (NE) proteins play the main role in the regulation of the nuclear shape in plants. Some plant NE proteins that regulate nuclear shape are also involved in nuclear or cellular functions, such as nuclear migration, maintenance of chromatin structure, gene expression, calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling, plant growth, reproduction, and plant immunity. The shape of the nucleus has been assessed both by labeling internal components (for instance chromatin) and by labeling membranes, including the NE or endoplasmic reticulum in interphase cells and viral-infected cells of plants. Changes in NE are correlated with the formation of invaginations of the NE, collectively called the nucleoplasmic reticulum. In this review, what is known and what is unknown about nuclear shape determination are presented, and the physiological significance of the control of the nuclear shape in plants is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Goto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Tamura
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kentaro Tamura,
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Moser M, Kirkpatrick A, Groves NR, Meier I. LINC-complex mediated positioning of the vegetative nucleus is involved in calcium and ROS signaling in Arabidopsis pollen tubes. Nucleus 2020; 11:149-163. [PMID: 32631106 PMCID: PMC7529407 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2020.1783783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear movement and positioning play a role in developmental processes throughout life. Nuclear movement and positioning are mediated primarily by linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes. LINC complexes are comprised of the inner nuclear membrane SUN proteins and the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) KASH proteins. In Arabidopsis pollen tubes, the vegetative nucleus (VN) maintains a fixed distance from the pollen tube tip during growth, and the VN precedes the sperm cells (SCs). In pollen tubes of wit12 and wifi, mutants deficient in the ONM component of a plant LINC complex, the SCs precede the VN during pollen tube growth and the fixed VN distance from the tip is lost. Subsequently, pollen tubes frequently fail to burst upon reception. In this study, we sought to determine if the pollen tube reception defect observed in wit12 and wifi is due to decreased sensitivity to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that wit12 and wifi are hyposensitive to exogenous H2O2, and that this hyposensitivity is correlated with decreased proximity of the VN to the pollen tube tip. Additionally, we report the first instance of nuclear Ca2+ peaks in growing pollen tubes, which are disrupted in the wit12 mutant. In the wit12 mutant, nuclear Ca2+ peaks are reduced in response to exogenous ROS, but these peaks are not correlated with pollen tube burst. This study finds that VN proximity to the pollen tube tip is required for both response to exogenous ROS, as well as internal nuclear Ca2+ fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Moser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Kirkpatrick
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Norman Reid Groves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Iris Meier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
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Ali MF, Fatema U, Peng X, Hacker SW, Maruyama D, Sun MX, Kawashima T. ARP2/3-independent WAVE/SCAR pathway and class XI myosin control sperm nuclear migration in flowering plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32757-32763. [PMID: 33288691 PMCID: PMC7768783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015550117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After eukaryotic fertilization, gamete nuclei migrate to fuse parental genomes in order to initiate development of the next generation. In most animals, microtubules control female and male pronuclear migration in the zygote. Flowering plants, on the other hand, have evolved actin filament (F-actin)-based sperm nuclear migration systems for karyogamy. Flowering plants have also evolved a unique double-fertilization process: two female gametophytic cells, the egg and central cells, are each fertilized by a sperm cell. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of how flowering plants utilize and control F-actin for double-fertilization events are largely unknown. Using confocal microscopy live-cell imaging with a combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches, we identified factors involved in F-actin dynamics and sperm nuclear migration in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) and Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). We demonstrate that the F-actin regulator, SCAR2, but not the ARP2/3 protein complex, controls the coordinated active F-actin movement. These results imply that an ARP2/3-independent WAVE/SCAR-signaling pathway regulates F-actin dynamics in female gametophytic cells for fertilization. We also identify that the class XI myosin XI-G controls active F-actin movement in the Arabidopsis central cell. XI-G is not a simple transporter, moving cargos along F-actin, but can generate forces that control the dynamic movement of F-actin for fertilization. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms that control gamete nuclear migration and reveal regulatory pathways for dynamic F-actin movement in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Foteh Ali
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
| | - Umma Fatema
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Samuel W Hacker
- Agriculture and Medical Biotechnology Program, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 244-0813 Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Meng-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Tomokazu Kawashima
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312;
- Agriculture and Medical Biotechnology Program, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
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50
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Groves NR, Biel A, Moser M, Mendes T, Amstutz K, Meier I. Recent advances in understanding the biological roles of the plant nuclear envelope. Nucleus 2020; 11:330-346. [PMID: 33161800 PMCID: PMC7746247 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2020.1846836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional organization of the plant nuclear envelope is gaining increasing attention through new connections made between nuclear envelope-associated proteins and important plant biological processes. Animal nuclear envelope proteins play roles in nuclear morphology, nuclear anchoring and movement, chromatin tethering and mechanical signaling. However, how these roles translate to functionality in a broader biological context is often not well understood. A surprising number of plant nuclear envelope-associated proteins are plant-unique, suggesting that separate functionalities evolved after the split of Opisthokonta and Streptophyta. Significant progress has now been made in discovering broader biological roles of plant nuclear envelope proteins, increasing the number of known plant nuclear envelope proteins, and connecting known proteins to chromatin organization, gene expression, and the regulation of nuclear calcium. The interaction of viruses with the plant nuclear envelope is another emerging theme. Here, we survey the recent developments in this still relatively new, yet rapidly advancing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Reid Groves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alecia Biel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Morgan Moser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tyler Mendes
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katelyn Amstutz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Iris Meier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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