1
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He J, Zhang L. The journey of STING: Guiding immune signaling through membrane trafficking. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024:S1359-6101(24)00046-7. [PMID: 39019665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) serves as a pivotal mediator in the innate immune signaling pathway, transducing signals from various DNA receptors and playing a crucial role in natural immune processes. During cellular quiescence, STING protein resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and its activation typically occurs through the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Upon activation, STING protein is transported to the Golgi apparatus, thereby initiating downstream signaling cascades. Vesicular transport serves as the primary mechanism for STING protein trafficking between the ER and Golgi apparatus, with COPII mediating anterograde transport from the ER to Golgi apparatus, while COPI is responsible for retrograde transport. Numerous factors influence these transport processes, thereby exerting either promoting or inhibitory effects on STING protein expression. Upon reaching the Golgi apparatus, to prevent over-activation, STING protein is transported to post-Golgi compartments for degradation. In addition to the conventional lysosomal degradation pathway, ESCRT has also been identified as one of the degradation pathways for STING protein. This review summarizes the recent findings on the membrane trafficking pathways of STING, highlighting their contributions to the regulation of cytokine production, the activation of immune cells, and the coordination of immune signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China.
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2
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Kersten N, Farías GG. A voyage from the ER: spatiotemporal insights into polarized protein secretion in neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1333738. [PMID: 38188013 PMCID: PMC10766823 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1333738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
To function properly, neurons must maintain a proteome that differs in their somatodendritic and axonal domain. This requires the polarized sorting of newly synthesized secretory and transmembrane proteins into different vesicle populations as they traverse the secretory pathway. Although the trans-Golgi-network is generally considered to be the main sorting hub, this sorting process may already begin at the ER and continue through the Golgi cisternae. At each step in the sorting process, specificity is conferred by adaptors, GTPases, tethers, and SNAREs. Besides this, local synthesis and unconventional protein secretion may contribute to the polarized proteome to enable rapid responses to stimuli. For some transmembrane proteins, some of the steps in the sorting process are well-studied. These will be highlighted here. The universal rules that govern polarized protein sorting remain unresolved, therefore we emphasize the need to approach this problem in an unbiased, top-down manner. Unraveling these rules will contribute to our understanding of neuronal development and function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje Kersten
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ginny G Farías
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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3
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Bura A, Čabrijan S, Đurić I, Bruketa T, Jurak Begonja A. A Plethora of Functions Condensed into Tiny Phospholipids: The Story of PI4P and PI(4,5)P 2. Cells 2023; 12:1411. [PMID: 37408244 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) are small, phosphorylated lipids that serve many functions in the cell. They regulate endo- and exocytosis, vesicular trafficking, actin reorganization, and cell mobility, and they act as signaling molecules. The most abundant PIs in the cell are phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate (PI4P) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. PI4P is mostly localized at the Golgi apparatus where it regulates the anterograde trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane (PM), but it also localizes at the PM. On the other hand, the main localization site of PI(4,5)P2 is the PM where it regulates the formation of endocytic vesicles. The levels of PIs are regulated by many kinases and phosphatases. Four main kinases phosphorylate the precursor molecule phosphatidylinositol into PI4P, divided into two classes (PI4KIIα, PI4KIIβ, PI4KIIIα, and PI4KIIIβ), and three main kinases phosphorylate PI4P to form PI(4,5)P2 (PI4P5KIα, PI4P5KIβ, and PI4P5KIγ). In this review, we discuss the localization and function of the kinases that produce PI4P and PI(4,5)P2, as well as the localization and function of their product molecules with an overview of tools for the detection of these PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bura
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sara Čabrijan
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Iris Đurić
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tea Bruketa
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Antonija Jurak Begonja
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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4
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Jani RA, Di Cicco A, Keren-Kaplan T, Vale-Costa S, Hamaoui D, Hurbain I, Tsai FC, Di Marco M, Macé AS, Zhu Y, Amorim MJ, Bassereau P, Bonifacino JS, Subtil A, Marks MS, Lévy D, Raposo G, Delevoye C. PI4P and BLOC-1 remodel endosomal membranes into tubules. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213508. [PMID: 36169638 PMCID: PMC9524204 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202110132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular trafficking is mediated by transport carriers that originate by membrane remodeling from donor organelles. Tubular carriers contribute to the flux of membrane lipids and proteins to acceptor organelles, but how lipids and proteins impose a tubular geometry on the carriers is incompletely understood. Using imaging approaches on cells and in vitro membrane systems, we show that phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1) govern the formation, stability, and functions of recycling endosomal tubules. In vitro, BLOC-1 binds and tubulates negatively charged membranes, including those containing PI4P. In cells, endosomal PI4P production by type II PI4-kinases is needed to form and stabilize BLOC-1-dependent recycling endosomal tubules. Decreased PI4KIIs expression impairs the recycling of endosomal cargoes and the life cycles of intracellular pathogens such as Chlamydia bacteria and influenza virus that exploit the membrane dynamics of recycling endosomes. This study demonstrates how a phospholipid and a protein complex coordinate the remodeling of cellular membranes into functional tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Atul Jani
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Di Cicco
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - Tal Keren-Kaplan
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Silvia Vale-Costa
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Daniel Hamaoui
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Cellular biology of microbial infection, Paris, France
| | - Ilse Hurbain
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - Feng-Ching Tsai
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Di Marco
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Macé
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - Yueyao Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Maria João Amorim
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.,Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Medical School, Católica Biomedical Research Centre, Palma de Cima, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Agathe Subtil
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Cellular biology of microbial infection, Paris, France
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel Lévy
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
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5
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Zhu Y, Li S, Jaume A, Jani RA, Delevoye C, Raposo G, Marks MS. Type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases function sequentially in cargo delivery from early endosomes to melanosomes. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213509. [PMID: 36169639 PMCID: PMC9524207 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanosomes are pigment cell-specific lysosome-related organelles in which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. Melanosome maturation requires delivery of melanogenic cargoes via tubular transport carriers that emanate from early endosomes and that require BLOC-1 for their formation. Here we show that phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) and the type II PtdIns-4-kinases (PI4KIIα and PI4KIIβ) support BLOC-1-dependent tubule formation to regulate melanosome biogenesis. Depletion of either PI4KIIα or PI4KIIβ with shRNAs in melanocytes reduced melanin content and misrouted BLOC-1-dependent cargoes to late endosomes/lysosomes. Genetic epistasis, cell fractionation, and quantitative live-cell imaging analyses show that PI4KIIα and PI4KIIβ function sequentially and non-redundantly downstream of BLOC-1 during tubule elongation toward melanosomes by generating local pools of PtdIns4P. The data show that both type II PtdIns-4-kinases are necessary for efficient BLOC-1-dependent tubule elongation and subsequent melanosome contact and content delivery during melanosome biogenesis. The independent functions of PtdIns-4-kinases in tubule extension are downstream of likely redundant functions in BLOC-1-dependent tubule initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shuixing Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alexa Jaume
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Riddhi Atul Jani
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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6
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Structure-based design and modular synthesis of novel PI4K class II inhibitors bearing a 4-aminoquinazoline scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 76:129010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Jensen JB, Falkenburger BH, Dickson EJ, de la Cruz L, Dai G, Myeong J, Jung SR, Kruse M, Vivas O, Suh BC, Hille B. Biophysical physiology of phosphoinositide rapid dynamics and regulation in living cells. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:e202113074. [PMID: 35583815 PMCID: PMC9121023 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide membrane lipids are ubiquitous low-abundance signaling molecules. They direct many physiological processes that involve ion channels, membrane identification, fusion of membrane vesicles, and vesicular endocytosis. Pools of these lipids are continually broken down and refilled in living cells, and the rates of some of these reactions are strongly accelerated by physiological stimuli. Recent biophysical experiments described here measure and model the kinetics and regulation of these lipid signals in intact cells. Rapid on-line monitoring of phosphoinositide metabolism is made possible by optical tools and electrophysiology. The experiments reviewed here reveal that as for other cellular second messengers, the dynamic turnover and lifetimes of membrane phosphoinositides are measured in seconds, controlling and timing rapid physiological responses, and the signaling is under strong metabolic regulation. The underlying mechanisms of this metabolic regulation remain questions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill B. Jensen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Eamonn J. Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Lizbeth de la Cruz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Gucan Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jongyun Myeong
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Martin Kruse
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Bates College, Lewiston, ME
| | - Oscar Vivas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Byung-Chang Suh
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bertil Hille
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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8
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides are signalling lipids derived from phosphatidylinositol, a ubiquitous phospholipid in the cytoplasmic leaflet of eukaryotic membranes. Initially discovered for their roles in cell signalling, phosphoinositides are now widely recognized as key integrators of membrane dynamics that broadly impact on all aspects of cell physiology and on disease. The past decade has witnessed a vast expansion of our knowledge of phosphoinositide biology. On the endocytic and exocytic routes, phosphoinositides direct the inward and outward flow of membrane as vesicular traffic is coupled to the conversion of phosphoinositides. Moreover, recent findings on the roles of phosphoinositides in autophagy and the endolysosomal system challenge our view of lysosome biology. The non-vesicular exchange of lipids, ions and metabolites at membrane contact sites in between organelles has also been found to depend on phosphoinositides. Here we review our current understanding of how phosphoinositides shape and direct membrane dynamics to impact on cell physiology, and provide an overview of emerging concepts in phosphoinositide regulation.
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9
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Li YP, Mikrani R, Hu YF, Faran Ashraf Baig MM, Abbas M, Akhtar F, Xu M. Research progress of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase and its inhibitors in inflammatory diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174300. [PMID: 34217706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) is a lipid kinase that can catalyze the transfer of phosphate group from ATP to the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) resulting in the phosphorylation of PtdIns at 4-OH sites, to generate phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P). Studies on biological functions reveal that PI4K is closely related to the occurrence and development of various inflammatory diseases such as obesity, cancer, viral infections, malaria, Alzheimer's disease, etc. PI4K-related inhibitors have been found to have the effects of inhibiting virus replication, anti-cancer, treating malaria and reducing rejection in organ transplants, among which MMV390048, an anti-malaria drug, has entered phase II clinical trial. This review discusses the classification, structure, distribution and related inhibitors of PI4K and their role in the progression of cancer, viral replication, and other inflammation induced diseases to explore their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Reyaj Mikrani
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yi-Fan Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Novel Bio-functional and Pharmaceutical Nano-materials, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Fahad Akhtar
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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10
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Dixon CL, Mekhail K, Fairn GD. Examining the Underappreciated Role of S-Acylated Proteins as Critical Regulators of Phagocytosis and Phagosome Maturation in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:659533. [PMID: 33868308 PMCID: PMC8047069 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.659533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a receptor-mediated process used by cells to engulf a wide variety of particulates, including microorganisms and apoptotic cells. Many of the proteins involved in this highly orchestrated process are post-translationally modified with lipids as a means of regulating signal transduction, membrane remodeling, phagosome maturation and other immunomodulatory functions of phagocytes. S-acylation, generally referred to as S-palmitoylation, is the post-translational attachment of fatty acids to a cysteine residue exposed topologically to the cytosol. This modification is reversible due to the intrinsically labile thioester bond between the lipid and sulfur atom of cysteine, and thus lends itself to a variety of regulatory scenarios. Here we present an overview of a growing number of S-acylated proteins known to regulate phagocytosis and phagosome biology in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charneal L Dixon
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katrina Mekhail
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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The type II phosphoinositide 4-kinase FgLsb6 is important for the development and virulence of Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 144:103443. [PMID: 32800918 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the main pathogenic fungus causing Fusarium head blight (FHB), which is a wheat disease with a worldwide prevalence. In eukaryotes, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), which participates in many physiological processes, is located primarily in different organelles, including the trans-Golgi network (TGN), plasma membrane and endosomes. Type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4Ks) are involved in regulating the production of PI4P in yeast, plants and mammalian cells. However, the role of these proteins in phytopathogenic fungi is not well understood. In this study, we characterized the type II PI4K protein FgLsb6 in F. graminearum, a homolog of Lsb6 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Unlike Lsb6, FgLsb6 localizes to the vacuoles and endosomes. The ΔFglsb6 mutant displayed defects in vegetative growth, deoxynivalenol (DON) production and pathogenicity. Furthermore, the ΔFglsb6 deletion mutant also exhibited increased resistance to osmotic, oxidative and cell wall stresses. Further analyses of the ΔFglsb6 mutant showed that it was defective in the generation of PI4P on endosomes and endocytosis. Collectively, our data suggest that the decreased vegetative growth and pathogenicity of ΔFglsb6 was due to the conservative roles of FgLsb6 in the generation of PI4P on endosomes and endocytosis.
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12
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The Great Escape: how phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases and PI4P promote vesicle exit from the Golgi (and drive cancer). Biochem J 2019; 476:2321-2346. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) is a membrane glycerophospholipid and a major regulator of the characteristic appearance of the Golgi complex as well as its vesicular trafficking, signalling and metabolic functions. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases, and in particular the PI4KIIIβ isoform, act in concert with PI4P to recruit macromolecular complexes to initiate the biogenesis of trafficking vesicles for several Golgi exit routes. Dysregulation of Golgi PI4P metabolism and the PI4P protein interactome features in many cancers and is often associated with tumour progression and a poor prognosis. Increased expression of PI4P-binding proteins, such as GOLPH3 or PITPNC1, induces a malignant secretory phenotype and the release of proteins that can remodel the extracellular matrix, promote angiogenesis and enhance cell motility. Aberrant Golgi PI4P metabolism can also result in the impaired post-translational modification of proteins required for focal adhesion formation and cell–matrix interactions, thereby potentiating the development of aggressive metastatic and invasive tumours. Altered expression of the Golgi-targeted PI 4-kinases, PI4KIIIβ, PI4KIIα and PI4KIIβ, or the PI4P phosphate Sac1, can also modulate oncogenic signalling through effects on TGN-endosomal trafficking. A Golgi trafficking role for a PIP 5-kinase has been recently described, which indicates that PI4P is not the only functionally important phosphoinositide at this subcellular location. This review charts new developments in our understanding of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase function at the Golgi and how PI4P-dependent trafficking can be deregulated in malignant disease.
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13
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Nakada-Tsukui K, Watanabe N, Maehama T, Nozaki T. Phosphatidylinositol Kinases and Phosphatases in Entamoeba histolytica. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:150. [PMID: 31245297 PMCID: PMC6563779 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) metabolism is indispensable in eukaryotes. Phosphoinositides (PIs) are phosphorylated derivatives of PtdIns and consist of seven species generated by reversible phosphorylation of the inositol moieties at the positions 3, 4, and 5. Each of the seven PIs has a unique subcellular and membrane domain distribution. In the enteric protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, it has been previously shown that the PIs phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P), PtdIns(4,5)P2, and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 are localized to phagosomes/phagocytic cups, plasma membrane, and phagocytic cups, respectively. The localization of these PIs in E. histolytica is similar to that in mammalian cells, suggesting that PIs have orthologous functions in E. histolytica. In contrast, the conservation of the enzymes that metabolize PIs in this organism has not been well-documented. In this review, we summarized the full repertoire of the PI kinases and PI phosphatases found in E. histolytica via a genome-wide survey of the current genomic information. E. histolytica appears to have 10 PI kinases and 23 PI phosphatases. It has a panel of evolutionarily conserved enzymes that generate all the seven PI species. However, class II PI 3-kinases, type II PI 4-kinases, type III PI 5-phosphatases, and PI 4P-specific phosphatases are not present. Additionally, regulatory subunits of class I PI 3-kinases and type III PI 4-kinases have not been identified. Instead, homologs of class I PI 3-kinases and PTEN, a PI 3-phosphatase, exist as multiple isoforms, which likely reflects that elaborate signaling cascades mediated by PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 are present in this organism. There are several enzymes that have the nuclear localization signal: one phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) kinase, two PI 3-phosphatases, and one PI 5-phosphatase; this suggests that PI metabolism also has conserved roles related to nuclear functions in E. histolytica, as it does in model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Watanabe
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maehama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Silencing of type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase β stabilizes prostate apoptosis response-4 and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Biochem J 2019; 476:405-419. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase β (PtdIns 4-kinase II β) is an enigma among the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase family. The role of PtdIns 4-kinase II β in MCF-7 cells was addressed with the help of short hairpin RNA (shRNA). PtdIns 4-kinase II β shRNA transfection increased pan-caspase activity and induced apoptosis in cancerous MCF-7 cells. Non-cancerous MCF-10A cells were resistant to PtdIns 4-kinase II β shRNA-induced apoptosis. Caspase 8 and 9 inhibitors rescued MCF-7 cells from apoptosis. Shotgun proteomic studies with Flag-tagged PtdIns 4-kinase II β immunoprecipitates showed tumor suppressor prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) as one of the interacting proteins in HEK293 cells. In reciprocal experiments, Par-4 antibodies co-precipitated PtdIns 4-kinase II β from MCF-7 cells. Deletion of membrane localization motif (ΔCCPCC) or a mutation in ATP-binding region (D304A) of PtdIns 4-kinase II β did not affect its interaction with Par-4. Pull-down assays with GST-PtdIns 4-kinase II β-truncated mutants showed that the region between 101 and 215 amino acid residues is essential for interaction with Par-4. At molecular level, PtdIns 4-kinase II β shRNA transfection increased Par-4 stability, its nuclear localization and inhibition of NF-κB binding to target DNA. Knocking down of Par-4 with siRNA (small interfering RNA) rescued MCF-7 cells from PtdIns 4-kinase II β shRNA-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that PtdIns 4-kinase II β may be a novel regulator of Par-4 through protein–protein interactions. These studies have potential implications in cancer therapy.
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15
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Minogue S. The Many Roles of Type II Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinases in Membrane Trafficking: New Tricks for Old Dogs. Bioessays 2017; 40. [PMID: 29280156 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4KIIs) produce the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) and participate in a confusing variety of membrane trafficking and signaling roles. This review argues that both historical and contemporary evidence supports the function of the PI4KIIs in numerous trafficking pathways, and that the key to understanding the enzymatic regulation is through membrane interaction and the intrinsic membrane environment. By summarizing new research and examining the trafficking roles of the PI4KIIs in the context of recently solved molecular structures, I highlight how mechanisms of PI4KII function and regulation are providing insights into the development of cancer and in neurological disease. I present an integrated view connecting the cell biology, molecular regulation, and roles in whole animal systems of these increasingly important proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Minogue
- Lipid and Membrane Biology Group, UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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16
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Sobocińska J, Roszczenko-Jasińska P, Zaręba-Kozioł M, Hromada-Judycka A, Matveichuk OV, Traczyk G, Łukasiuk K, Kwiatkowska K. Lipopolysaccharide Upregulates Palmitoylated Enzymes of the Phosphatidylinositol Cycle: An Insight from Proteomic Studies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 17:233-254. [PMID: 29217618 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that induces strong proinflammatory reactions of mammals. These processes are triggered upon sequential binding of LPS to CD14, a GPI-linked plasma membrane raft protein, and to the TLR4/MD2 receptor complex. We have found earlier that upon LPS binding, CD14 triggers generation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], a lipid controlling subsequent proinflammatory cytokine production. Here we show that stimulation of RAW264 macrophage-like cells with LPS induces global changes of the level of fatty-acylated, most likely palmitoylated, proteins. Among the acylated proteins that were up-regulated in those conditions were several enzymes of the phosphatidylinositol cycle. Global profiling of acylated proteins was performed by metabolic labeling of RAW264 cells with 17ODYA, an analogue of palmitic acid functionalized with an alkyne group, followed by detection and enrichment of labeled proteins using biotin-azide/streptavidin and their identification with mass spectrometry. This proteomic approach revealed that 154 fatty-acylated proteins were up-regulated, 186 downregulated, and 306 not affected in cells stimulated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 60 min. The acylated proteins affected by LPS were involved in diverse biological functions, as found by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Detailed studies of 17ODYA-labeled and immunoprecipitated proteins revealed that LPS induces S-palmitoylation, hence activation, of type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4KII) β, which phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol to phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate, a PI(4,5)P2 precursor. Silencing of PI4KIIβ and PI4KIIα inhibited LPS-induced expression and production of proinflammatory cytokines, especially in the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway of TLR4. Reciprocally, this LPS-induced signaling pathway was significantly enhanced after overexpression of PI4KIIβ or PI4KIIα; this was dependent on palmitoylation of the kinases. However, the S-palmitoylation of PI4KIIα, hence its activity, was constitutive in RAW264 cells. Taken together the data indicate that LPS triggers S-palmitoylation and activation of PI4KIIβ, which generates PI(4)P involved in signaling pathways controlling production of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Sobocińska
- From the ‡Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology
| | | | - Monika Zaręba-Kozioł
- §Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology
| | | | - Orest V Matveichuk
- From the ‡Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology
| | - Gabriela Traczyk
- From the ‡Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology
| | - Katarzyna Łukasiuk
- ¶Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Navarro Negredo P, Edgar JR, Wrobel AG, Zaccai NR, Antrobus R, Owen DJ, Robinson MS. Contribution of the clathrin adaptor AP-1 subunit µ1 to acidic cluster protein sorting. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2927-2943. [PMID: 28743825 PMCID: PMC5584140 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201602058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic clusters act as sorting signals for packaging cargo into clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs), and also facilitate down-regulation of MHC-I by HIV-1 Nef. To find acidic cluster sorting machinery, we performed a gene-trap screen and identified the medium subunit (µ1) of the clathrin adaptor AP-1 as a top hit. In µ1 knockout cells, intracellular CCVs still form, but acidic cluster proteins are depleted, although several other CCV components were either unaffected or increased, indicating that cells can compensate for long-term loss of AP-1. In vitro experiments showed that the basic patch on µ1 that interacts with the Nef acidic cluster also contributes to the binding of endogenous acidic cluster proteins. Surprisingly, µ1 mutant proteins lacking the basic patch and/or the tyrosine-based motif binding pocket could rescue the µ1 knockout phenotype completely. In contrast, these mutants failed to rescue Nef-induced down-regulation of MHC class I, suggesting a possible mechanism for attacking the virus while sparing the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Navarro Negredo
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - James R Edgar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Antoni G Wrobel
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Nathan R Zaccai
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - David J Owen
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Margaret S Robinson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
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18
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Daboussi L, Costaguta G, Ghukasyan R, Payne GS. Conserved role for Gga proteins in phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase localization to the trans-Golgi network. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3433-3438. [PMID: 28289207 PMCID: PMC5380026 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615163114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides serve as key membrane determinants for assembly of clathrin coat proteins that drive formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. At the trans-Golgi network (TGN), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) plays important roles in recruitment of two major clathrin adaptors, Gga (Golgi-localized, gamma-adaptin ear homology, Arf-binding) proteins and the AP-1 (assembly protein-1) complex. The molecular mechanisms that mediate localization of phosphatidylinositol kinases responsible for synthesis of PtdIns4P at the TGN are not well characterized. We identify two motifs in the yeast phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, Pik1, which are required for binding to the VHS domain of Gga2. Mutations in these motifs that inhibit Gga2-VHS binding resulted in reduced Pik1 localization and delayed accumulation of PtdIns4P and recruitment of AP-1 to the TGN. The Pik1 homolog in mammals, PI4KIIIβ, interacted preferentially with the VHS domain of GGA2 compared with VHS domains of GGA1 and GGA3. Depletion of GGA2, but not GGA1 or GGA3, specifically affected PI4KIIIβ localization. These results reveal a conserved role for Gga proteins in regulating phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase function at the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Daboussi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Giancarlo Costaguta
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Razmik Ghukasyan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Gregory S Payne
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
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19
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γ2 and γ1AP-1 complexes: Different essential functions and regulatory mechanisms in clathrin-dependent protein sorting. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:356-368. [PMID: 28372831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
γ2 adaptin is homologous to γ1, but is only expressed in vertebrates while γ1 is found in all eukaryotes. We know little about γ2 functions and their relation to γ1. γ1 is an adaptin of the heterotetrameric AP-1 complexes, which sort proteins in and do form clathrin-coated transport vesicles and they also regulate maturation of early endosomes. γ1 knockout mice develop only to blastocysts and thus γ2 does not compensate γ1-deficiency in development. γ2 has not been classified as a clathrin-coated vesicle adaptor protein in proteome analyses and functions for monomeric γ2 in endosomal protein sorting have been proposed, but adaptin interaction studies suggested formation of heterotetrameric AP-1/γ2 complexes. We detected γ2 at the trans-Golgi network, on peripheral vesicles and identified γ2 clathrin-coated vesicles in mice. Ubiquitous σ1A and tissue-specific σ1B adaptins bind γ2 and γ1. σ1B knockout in mice does not effect γ1/σ1A AP-1 levels, but γ2/σ1A AP-1 levels are increased in brain and adipocytes. Also γ2 is essential in development. In zebrafish AP-1/γ2 and AP-1/γ1 fulfill different, essential functions in brain and the vascular system.
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20
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Alli-Balogun GO, Gewinner CA, Jacobs R, Kriston-Vizi J, Waugh MG, Minogue S. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIβ negatively regulates invadopodia formation and suppresses an invasive cellular phenotype. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:4033-4042. [PMID: 27798239 PMCID: PMC5156544 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-08-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4KII) enzymes synthesize the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P), which has been detected at the Golgi complex and endosomal compartments and recruits clathrin adaptors. Despite common mechanistic similarities between the isoforms, the extent of their redundancy is unclear. We found that depletion of PI4KIIα and PI4KIIβ using small interfering RNA led to actin remodeling. Depletion of PI4KIIβ also induced the formation of invadopodia containing membrane type I matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). Depletion of PI4KII isoforms also differentially affected trans-Golgi network (TGN) pools of PI(4)P and post-TGN traffic. PI4KIIβ depletion caused increased MT1-MMP trafficking to invasive structures at the plasma membrane and was accompanied by reduced colocalization of MT1-MMP with membranes containing the endosomal markers Rab5 and Rab7 but increased localization with the exocytic Rab8. Depletion of PI4KIIβ was sufficient to confer an aggressive invasive phenotype on minimally invasive HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. Mining oncogenomic databases revealed that loss of the PI4K2B allele and underexpression of PI4KIIβ mRNA are associated with human cancers. This finding supports the cell data and suggests that PI4KIIβ may be a clinically significant suppressor of invasion. We propose that PI4KIIβ synthesizes a pool of PI(4)P that maintains MT1-MMP traffic in the degradative pathway and suppresses the formation of invadopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganiyu Olabanji Alli-Balogun
- Lipid and Membrane Biology Group, UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruth Jacobs
- Lipid and Membrane Biology Group, UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Janos Kriston-Vizi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G Waugh
- Lipid and Membrane Biology Group, UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Shane Minogue
- Lipid and Membrane Biology Group, UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
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21
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Marquer C, Tian H, Yi J, Bastien J, Dall'Armi C, Yang-Klingler Y, Zhou B, Chan RB, Di Paolo G. Arf6 controls retromer traffic and intracellular cholesterol distribution via a phosphoinositide-based mechanism. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11919. [PMID: 27336679 PMCID: PMC4931008 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases play a critical role in membrane traffic. Among them, Arf6 mediates transport to and from the plasma membrane, as well as phosphoinositide signalling and cholesterol homeostasis. Here we delineate the molecular basis for the link between Arf6 and cholesterol homeostasis using an inducible knockout (KO) model of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We find that accumulation of free cholesterol in the late endosomes/lysosomes of Arf6 KO MEFs results from mistrafficking of Niemann-Pick type C protein NPC2, a cargo of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR). This is caused by a selective increase in an endosomal pool of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) and a perturbation of retromer, which controls the retrograde transport of CI-M6PR via sorting nexins, including the PI4P effector SNX6. Finally, reducing PI4P levels in KO MEFs through independent mechanisms rescues aberrant retromer tubulation and cholesterol mistrafficking. Our study highlights a phosphoinositide-based mechanism for control of cholesterol distribution via retromer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Marquer
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York 10032, USA
| | - Huasong Tian
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York 10032, USA
| | - Julie Yi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York 10032, USA
| | - Jayson Bastien
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York 10032, USA
| | - Claudia Dall'Armi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York 10032, USA
| | - YoungJoo Yang-Klingler
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York 10032, USA
| | - Bowen Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York 10032, USA
| | - Robin Barry Chan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York 10032, USA
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York 10032, USA
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22
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Lopes da Silva M, O'Connor MN, Kriston-Vizi J, White IJ, Al-Shawi R, Simons JP, Mössinger J, Haucke V, Cutler DF. Type II PI4-kinases control Weibel-Palade body biogenesis and von Willebrand factor structure in human endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2096-105. [PMID: 27068535 PMCID: PMC4878995 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.187864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) are endothelial storage organelles that mediate the release of molecules involved in thrombosis, inflammation and angiogenesis, including the pro-thrombotic glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (VWF). Although many protein components required for WPB formation and function have been identified, the role of lipids is almost unknown. We examined two key phosphatidylinositol kinases that control phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate levels at the trans-Golgi network, the site of WPB biogenesis. RNA interference of the type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases PI4KIIα and PI4KIIβ in primary human endothelial cells leads to formation of an increased proportion of short WPB with perturbed packing of VWF, as exemplified by increased exposure of antibody-binding sites. When stimulated with histamine, these cells release normal levels of VWF yet, under flow, form very few platelet-catching VWF strings. In PI4KIIα-deficient mice, immuno-microscopy revealed that VWF packaging is also perturbed and these mice exhibit increased blood loss after tail cut compared to controls. This is the first demonstration that lipid kinases can control the biosynthesis of VWF and the formation of WPBs that are capable of full haemostatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie N O'Connor
- Endothelial Cell Biology Laboratory, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Janos Kriston-Vizi
- Bioinformatics Image Core, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ian J White
- Electron Microscopy Core, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Raya Al-Shawi
- Royal Free Centre for Biomedical Science, and Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - J Paul Simons
- Royal Free Centre for Biomedical Science, and Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Julia Mössinger
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel F Cutler
- Endothelial Cell Biology Laboratory, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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23
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Marques DA, Lucek K, Meier JI, Mwaiko S, Wagner CE, Excoffier L, Seehausen O. Genomics of Rapid Incipient Speciation in Sympatric Threespine Stickleback. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005887. [PMID: 26925837 PMCID: PMC4771382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological speciation is the process by which reproductively isolated populations emerge as a consequence of divergent natural or ecologically-mediated sexual selection. Most genomic studies of ecological speciation have investigated allopatric populations, making it difficult to infer reproductive isolation. The few studies on sympatric ecotypes have focused on advanced stages of the speciation process after thousands of generations of divergence. As a consequence, we still do not know what genomic signatures of the early onset of ecological speciation look like. Here, we examined genomic differentiation among migratory lake and resident stream ecotypes of threespine stickleback reproducing in sympatry in one stream, and in parapatry in another stream. Importantly, these ecotypes started diverging less than 150 years ago. We obtained 34,756 SNPs with restriction-site associated DNA sequencing and identified genomic islands of differentiation using a Hidden Markov Model approach. Consistent with incipient ecological speciation, we found significant genomic differentiation between ecotypes both in sympatry and parapatry. Of 19 islands of differentiation resisting gene flow in sympatry, all were also differentiated in parapatry and were thus likely driven by divergent selection among habitats. These islands clustered in quantitative trait loci controlling divergent traits among the ecotypes, many of them concentrated in one region with low to intermediate recombination. Our findings suggest that adaptive genomic differentiation at many genetic loci can arise and persist in sympatry at the very early stage of ecotype divergence, and that the genomic architecture of adaptation may facilitate this.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Marques
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Lab, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Kay Lucek
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Department of Animal and Plant Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Joana I. Meier
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Lab, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Salome Mwaiko
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Catherine E. Wagner
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Wyoming, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Laurent Excoffier
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Lab, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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Henmi Y, Morikawa Y, Oe N, Ikeda N, Fujita A, Takei K, Minogue S, Tanabe K. PtdIns4KIIα generates endosomal PtdIns(4)P and is required for receptor sorting at early endosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:990-1001. [PMID: 26823017 PMCID: PMC4791142 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-08-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PtdIns4KIIα has been implicated in the regulation of endosomal traffic, but the role of its enzymatic activity and the site of its action have not been elucidated. Depletion of PtdIns4KIIα significantly reduced the amount of vesicular PtdIns(4)P on early endosomes, leaving cells with an impaired ability to sort molecules from early endosomes. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα (PtdIns4KIIα) localizes to the trans-Golgi network and endosomal compartments and has been implicated in the regulation of endosomal traffic, but the roles of both its enzymatic activity and the site of its action have not been elucidated. This study shows that PtdIns4KIIα is required for production of endosomal phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) on early endosomes and for the sorting of transferrin and epidermal growth factor receptor into recycling and degradative pathways. Depletion of PtdIns4KIIα with small interfering RNA significantly reduced the amount of vesicular PtdIns(4)P on early endosomes but not on Golgi membranes. Cells depleted of PtdIns4KIIα had an impaired ability to sort molecules destined for recycling from early endosomes. We further identify the Eps15 homology domain–containing protein 3 (EHD3) as a possible endosomal effector of PtdIns4KIIα. Tubular endosomes containing EHD3 were shortened and became more vesicular in PtdIns4KIIα-depleted cells. Endosomal PtdIns(4,5)P2 was also significantly reduced in PtdIns4KIIα-depleted cells. These results show that PtdIns4KIIα regulates receptor sorting at early endosomes through a PtdIns(4)P-dependent pathway and contributes substrate for the synthesis of endosomal PtdIns(4,5)P2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Henmi
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Morikawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Natsuko Oe
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Narumi Ikeda
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akikazu Fujita
- Field of Veterinary Pathobiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kohji Takei
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shane Minogue
- Lipid and Membrane Biology Group, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Kenji Tanabe
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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25
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Gokhale A, Ryder PV, Zlatic SA, Faundez V. Identification of the Interactome of a Palmitoylated Membrane Protein, Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Type II Alpha. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1376:35-42. [PMID: 26552673 PMCID: PMC5696628 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3170-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4K) are enzymes responsible for the production of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphates, important intermediates in several cell signaling pathways. PI4KIIα is the most abundant membrane-associated kinase in mammalian cells and is involved in a variety of essential cellular functions. However, the precise role(s) of PI4KIIα in the cell is not yet completely deciphered. Here we present an experimental protocol that uses a chemical cross-linker, DSP, combined with immunoprecipitation and immunoaffinity purification to identify novel PI4KIIα interactors. As predicted, PI4KIIα participates in transient, low-affinity interactions that are stabilized by the use of DSP. Using this optimized protocol we have successfully identified actin cytoskeleton regulators-the WASH complex and RhoGEF1, as major novel interactors of PI4KIIα. While this chapter focuses on the PI4KIIα interactome, this protocol can and has been used to generate other membrane interactome networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street Room 446, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Pearl V Ryder
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street Room 446, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Stephanie A Zlatic
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street Room 446, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street Room 446, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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26
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Feng Q, Gao N. Keeping Wnt signalosome in check by vesicular traffic. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1170-80. [PMID: 25336320 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Wg/Wnts are paracrine and autocrine ligands that activate distinct signaling pathways while being internalized through surface receptors. Converging and contrasting views are shaping our understanding of whether, where, and how endocytosis may modulate Wnt signaling. We gather considerable amount of evidences to elaborate the point that signal-receiving cells utilize distinct, flexible, and sophisticated vesicular trafficking mechanisms to keep Wnt signaling activity in check. Same molecules in a highly context-dependent fashion serve as regulatory hub for various signaling purposes: amplification, maintenance, inhibition, and termination. Updates are provided for the regulatory mechanisms related to the three critical cell surface complexes, Wnt-Fzd-LRP6, Dkk1-Kremen-LRP6, and R-spondin-LGR5-RNF43, which potently influence Wnt signaling. We pay particular attentions to how cells achieve sustained and delicate control of Wnt signaling strength by employing comprehensive aspects of vesicular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
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27
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Mejdrová I, Chalupská D, Kögler M, Šála M, Plačková P, Baumlová A, Hřebabecký H, Procházková E, Dejmek M, Guillon R, Strunin D, Weber J, Lee G, Birkus G, Mertlíková-Kaiserová H, Boura E, Nencka R. Highly Selective Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase IIIβ Inhibitors and Structural Insight into Their Mode of Action. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3767-93. [PMID: 25897704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ is a cellular lipid kinase pivotal to pathogenesis of various RNA viruses. These viruses hijack the enzyme in order to modify the structure of intracellular membranes and use them for the construction of functional replication machinery. Selective inhibitors of this enzyme are potential broad-spectrum antiviral agents, as inhibition of this enzyme results in the arrest of replication of PI4K IIIβ-dependent viruses. Herein, we report a detailed study of novel selective inhibitors of PI4K IIIβ, which exert antiviral activity against a panel of single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses. Our crystallographic data show that the inhibitors occupy the binding site for the adenine ring of the ATP molecule and therefore prevent the phosphorylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gary Lee
- ‡Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Gabriel Birkus
- ‡Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
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28
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AP-1/σ1B-Dependent SV Protein Recycling Is Regulated in Early Endosomes and Is Coupled to AP-2 Endocytosis. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:142-61. [PMID: 25128028 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adaptor protein (AP)-1/σ1B(-/-) mice have reduced synaptic-vesicle (SV) recycling and increased endosomes. Mutant mice have impaired spatial memory, and σ1B-deficient humans have a severe mental retardation. In order to define these σ1B(-/-) 'bulk' endosomes and to determine their functions in SV recycling, we developed a protocol to separate them from the majority of the neuronal endosomes. The σ1B(-/-) 'bulk' endosomes proved to be classic early endosomes with an increase in the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI-3-P), which recruits proteins mediating protein sorting out of early endosomes into different routes. σ1B deficiency induced alterations in the endosomal proteome reveals two major functions: SV protein storage and sorting into endolysosomes. Alternative endosomal recycling pathways are not up-regulated, but certain SV proteins are misrouted. Tetraspanins are enriched in σ1B(-/-) synaptosomes, but not in their endosomes or in their clathrin-coated-vesicles (CCVs), indicating AP-1/σ1B-dependent sorting. Synapses contain also more AP-2 CCV, although it is expected that they contain less due to reduced SV recycling. Coat composition of these AP-2 CCVs is altered, and thus, they represent a subpopulation of AP-2 CCVs. Association of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)-IIα, -δ and casein kinase (CK)-IIα with the endosome/SV pool is altered, as well as 14-3-3η, indicating changes in specific signalling pathways regulating synaptic plasticity. The accumulation of early endosomes and endocytotic AP-2 CCV indicates the regulation of SV recycling via early endosomes by the interdependent regulation of AP-2-mediated endocytosis and AP-1/σ1B-mediated SV reformation.
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