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Chi XJ, Song YB, Zhang H, Wei LQ, Gao Y, Miao XJ, Yang ST, Lin CY, Lan D, Zhang X. TBC1D10B promotes tumor progression in colon cancer via PAK4‑mediated promotion of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01972-3. [PMID: 38824479 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the expression, function, and mechanisms of TBC1D10B in colon cancer, as well as its potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.The expression levels of TBC1D10B in colon cancer were assessed by analyzing the TCGA and CCLE databases. Immunohistochemistry analysis was conducted using tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues from 68 colon cancer patients. Lentiviral infection techniques were employed to silence and overexpress TBC1D10B in colon cancer cells. The effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated using CCK-8, EDU, wound healing, and Transwell invasion assays. Additionally, GSEA enrichment analysis was used to explore the association of TBC1D10B with biological pathways related to colon cancer. TBC1D10B was significantly upregulated in colon cancer and closely associated with patient prognosis. Silencing of TBC1D10B notably inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells and promoted apoptosis. Conversely, overexpression of TBC1D10B enhanced these cellular functions. GSEA analysis revealed that TBC1D10B is enriched in the AKT/PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway and highly correlated with PAK4. The high expression of TBC1D10B in colon cancer is associated with poor prognosis. It influences cancer progression by regulating the proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of colon cancer cells, potentially acting through the AKT/PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings provide new targets and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jv Chi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yi-Bei Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Qiang Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xue-Jing Miao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shu-Ting Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dong Lan
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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2
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Brock K, Alpha KM, Brennan G, De Jong EP, Luke E, Turner CE. A comparative analysis of paxillin and Hic-5 proximity interactomes. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38801098 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Focal adhesions serve as structural and signaling hubs, facilitating bidirectional communication at the cell-extracellular matrix interface. Paxillin and the related Hic-5 (TGFβ1i1) are adaptor/scaffold proteins that recruit numerous structural and regulatory proteins to focal adhesions, where they perform both overlapping and discrete functions. In this study, paxillin and Hic-5 were expressed in U2OS osteosarcoma cells as biotin ligase (BioID2) fusion proteins and used as bait proteins for proximity-dependent biotinylation in order to directly compare their respective interactomes. The fusion proteins localized to both focal adhesions and the centrosome, resulting in biotinylation of components of each of these structures. Biotinylated proteins were purified and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The list of proximity interactors for paxillin and Hic-5 comprised numerous shared core focal adhesion proteins that likely contribute to their similar functions in cell adhesion and migration, as well as proteins unique to paxillin and Hic-5 that have been previously localized to focal adhesions, the centrosome, or the nucleus. Western blotting confirmed biotinylation and enrichment of FAK and vinculin, known interactors of Hic-5 and paxillin, as well as several potentially unique proximity interactors of Hic-5 and paxillin, including septin 7 and ponsin, respectively. Further investigation into the functional relationship between the unique interactors and Hic-5 or paxillin may yield novel insights into their distinct roles in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Brock
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Kyle M Alpha
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Grant Brennan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Ebbing P De Jong
- Proteomics Core Facility, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth Luke
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Christopher E Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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3
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Zehrbach NM, Dubois F, Turner CE. Paxillin regulates Rab5-mediated vesicle motility through modulating microtubule acetylation. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar65. [PMID: 37043310 PMCID: PMC10295489 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-10-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab GTPase-mediated vesicle trafficking of cell surface proteins, including integrins, through endocytic and recycling pathways is important in controlling cell-extracellular matrix interactions during cell migration. The focal adhesion adaptor protein, paxillin, plays a central role in regulating adhesion dynamics and was previously shown to promote anterograde vesicle trafficking through modulation of microtubule acetylation via its inhibition of the deacetylase HDAC6. The role of paxillin in retrograde trafficking is unknown. Herein, we identified a role for paxillin in the modulation of the Rab5 GTPase, which is necessary for regulating early endosome dynamics and focal adhesion turnover. Using MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and paxillin (-/-) fibroblasts, paxillin was shown to impact Rab5-associated vesicle size and distribution, as well as Rab5 GTPase activity, through its modulation of HDAC6. Using a combination of real-time imaging and particle tracking analysis, paxillin was shown to promote Rab5-associated vesicle motility through inhibition of HDAC6-mediated micro-tubule deacetylation, along with the localization of active integrin to focal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Zehrbach
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Fatemeh Dubois
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Christopher E. Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
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4
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Moreno MR, Boswell K, Casbolt HL, Bulgakova NA. Multifaceted control of E-cadherin dynamics by Adaptor Protein Complex 1 during epithelial morphogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar80. [PMID: 35609212 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-12-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular trafficking regulates the distribution of transmembrane proteins including the key determinants of epithelial polarity and adhesion. The Adaptor Protein 1 (AP-1) complex is the key regulator of vesicle sorting, which binds many specific cargoes. We examined roles of the AP-1 complex in epithelial morphogenesis, using the Drosophila wing as a paradigm. We found that AP-1 knockdown leads to ectopic tissue folding, which is consistent with the observed defects in integrin targeting to the basal cell-extracellular matrix adhesion sites. This occurs concurrently with an integrin-independent induction of cell death, which counteracts elevated proliferation and prevents hyperplasia. We discovered a distinct pool of AP-1 that localizes at the subapical adherens junctions. Upon AP-1 knockdown, E-cadherin is hyperinternalized from these junctions and becomes enriched at the Golgi and recycling endosomes. We then provide evidence that E-cadherin hyperinternalization acts upstream of cell death in a potential tumor-suppressive mechanism. Simultaneously, cells compensate for elevated internalization of E-cadherin by increasing its expression to maintain cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ramírez Moreno
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Katy Boswell
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Helen L Casbolt
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Natalia A Bulgakova
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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5
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Wang X, Zheng S, Yang F, Zhang W, Zhao D, Xue X, Lin Q, He Y, Hu G, Hu Y. lncRNA HITT inhibits metastasis by attenuating Rab5-mediated endocytosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1071-1088. [PMID: 35017116 PMCID: PMC8899701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis of cell surface receptors is essential for cell migration and cancer metastasis. Rab5, a small GTPase of the Rab family, is a key regulator of endosome dynamics and thus cell migration. However, how its activity is regulated still remains to be addressed. Here, we identified a Rab5 inhibitor, a long non-coding RNA, namely HITT (HIF-1α inhibitor at translation level). Our data show that HITT expression is inversely associated with advanced stages and poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients with area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) 0.6473. Further study reveals that both endogenous and exogenous HITT inhibits single-cell migration by repressing β1 integrin endocytosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Mechanistically, HITT is physically associated with Rab5 at switch I via 1248-1347 nt and suppresses β1 integrin endocytosis and subsequent cancer metastasis by interfering with guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rab5 binding. Collectively, these findings suggest that HITT directly participates in the regulation of Rab5 activity, leading to a decreased integrin internalization and cancer metastasis, which provides important insights into a mechanistic understanding of endocytosis and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Shanliang Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Xuting Xue
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Qingyu Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Yunfei He
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Science, 320 Yuyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guohong Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Science, 320 Yuyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China; Shenzhen Graduate School of Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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6
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Rao XS, Cong XX, Gao XK, Shi YP, Shi LJ, Wang JF, Ni CY, He MJ, Xu Y, Yi C, Meng ZX, Liu J, Lin P, Zheng LL, Zhou YT. AMPK-mediated phosphorylation enhances the auto-inhibition of TBC1D17 to promote Rab5-dependent glucose uptake. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3214-3234. [PMID: 34045668 PMCID: PMC8630067 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose homeostasis contributes to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Whilst exercise stimulated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important energy sensor, has been highlighted for its potential to promote insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the underlying mechanisms for this remain largely unknown. Here we found that AMPK positively regulates the activation of Rab5, a small GTPase which is involved in regulating Glut4 translocation, in both myoblasts and skeletal muscles. We further verified that TBC1D17, identified as a potential interacting partner of Rab5 in our recent study, is a novel GTPase activating protein (GAP) of Rab5. TBC1D17-Rab5 axis regulates transport of Glut1, Glut4, and transferrin receptor. TBC1D17 interacts with Rab5 or AMPK via its TBC domain or N-terminal 1-306 region (N-Ter), respectively. Moreover, AMPK phosphorylates the Ser 168 residue of TBC1D17 which matches the predicted AMPK consensus motif. N-Ter of TBC1D17 acts as an inhibitory region by directly interacting with the TBC domain. Ser168 phosphorylation promotes intra-molecular interaction and therefore enhances the auto-inhibition of TBC1D17. Our findings reveal that TBC1D17 acts as a molecular bridge that links AMPK and Rab5 and delineate a previously unappreciated mechanism by which the activation of TBC/RabGAP is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sheng Rao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xia Cong
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Kui Gao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Pu Shi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Jing Shi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Feng Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Yao Ni
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991The School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Ming Jie He
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Yi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pulmonology, the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Lin
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Ling Zheng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ting Zhou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Moehle EA, Higuchi-Sanabria R, Tsui CK, Homentcovschi S, Tharp KM, Zhang H, Chi H, Joe L, de los Rios Rogers M, Sahay A, Kelet N, Benitez C, Bar-Ziv R, Garcia G, Shen K, Frankino PA, Schinzel RT, Shalem O, Dillin A. Cross-species screening platforms identify EPS-8 as a critical link for mitochondrial stress and actin stabilization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj6818. [PMID: 34714674 PMCID: PMC8555897 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj6818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The dysfunction of mitochondria is associated with the physiological consequences of aging and many age-related diseases. Therefore, critical quality control mechanisms exist to protect mitochondrial functions, including the unfolded protein response of the mitochondria (UPRMT). However, it is still unclear how UPRMT is regulated in mammals with mechanistic discrepancies between previous studies. Here, we reasoned that a study of conserved mechanisms could provide a uniquely powerful way to reveal previously uncharacterized components of the mammalian UPRMT. We performed cross-species comparison of genetic requirements for survival under—and in response to—mitochondrial stress between karyotypically normal human stem cells and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We identified a role for EPS-8/EPS8 (epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8), a signaling protein adaptor, in general mitochondrial homeostasis and UPRMT regulation through integrin-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. This study also highlights the use of cross-species comparisons in genetic screens to interrogate cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica A. Moehle
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - C. Kimberly Tsui
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stefan Homentcovschi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kevin M. Tharp
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hannah Chi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Larry Joe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mattias de los Rios Rogers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Arushi Sahay
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Naame Kelet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Camila Benitez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Raz Bar-Ziv
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gilberto Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Koning Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Phillip A. Frankino
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Robert T. Schinzel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ophir Shalem
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA 191004, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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8
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Lucci G, Giverso C, Preziosi L. Cell orientation under stretch: Stability of a linear viscoelastic model. Math Biosci 2021; 337:108630. [PMID: 34015301 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2021.108630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of cells to alterations in the microenvironment and in particular to external mechanical stimuli is significant in many biological and physiological circumstances. In this regard, experimental assays demonstrated that, when a monolayer of cells cultured on an elastic substrate is subject to an external cyclic stretch with a sufficiently high frequency, a reorganization of actin stress fibres and focal adhesions happens in order to reach a stable equilibrium orientation, characterized by a precise angle between the cell major axis and the largest strain direction. To examine the frequency effect on the orientation dynamics, we propose a linear viscoelastic model that describes the coupled evolution of the cellular stress and the orientation angle. We find that cell orientation oscillates tending to an angle that is predicted by the minimization of a very general orthotropic elastic energy, as confirmed by a bifurcation analysis. Moreover, simulations show that the speed of convergence towards the predicted equilibrium orientation presents a changeover related to the viscous-elastic transition for viscoelastic materials. In particular, when the imposed oscillation period is lower than the characteristic turnover rate of the cytoskeleton and of adhesion molecules such as integrins, reorientation is significantly faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Lucci
- Department of Mathematical Sciences "G.L. Lagrange" Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; Department of Mathematics "G. Peano", Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Carlo Alberto 10, 10123 Turin, Italy.
| | - Chiara Giverso
- Department of Mathematical Sciences "G.L. Lagrange" Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
| | - Luigi Preziosi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences "G.L. Lagrange" Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
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9
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Cancer-driving mutations and variants of components of the membrane trafficking core machinery. Life Sci 2020; 264:118662. [PMID: 33127517 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The core machinery for vesicular membrane trafficking broadly comprises of coat proteins, RABs, tethering complexes and SNAREs. As cellular membrane traffic modulates key processes of mitogenic signaling, cell migration, cell death and autophagy, its dysregulation could potentially results in increased cell proliferation and survival, or enhanced migration and invasion. Changes in the levels of some components of the core machinery of vesicular membrane trafficking, likely due to gene amplifications and/or alterations in epigenetic factors (such as DNA methylation and micro RNA) have been extensively associated with human cancers. Here, we provide an overview of association of membrane trafficking with cancer, with a focus on mutations and variants of coat proteins, RABs, tethering complex components and SNAREs that have been uncovered in human cancer cells/tissues. The major cellular and molecular cancer-driving or suppression mechanisms associated with these components of the core membrane trafficking machinery shall be discussed.
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10
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Platenkamp A, Detmar E, Sepulveda L, Ritz A, Rogers SL, Applewhite DA. The Drosophila melanogaster Rab GAP RN-tre cross-talks with the Rho1 signaling pathway to regulate nonmuscle myosin II localization and function. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2379-2397. [PMID: 32816624 PMCID: PMC7851959 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-03-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify novel regulators of nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) we performed an image-based RNA interference screen using stable Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged regulatory light chain (RLC) of NMII and mCherry-Actin. We identified the Rab-specific GTPase-activating protein (GAP) RN-tre as necessary for the assembly of NMII RLC into contractile actin networks. Depletion of RN-tre led to a punctate NMII phenotype, similar to what is observed following depletion of proteins in the Rho1 pathway. Depletion of RN-tre also led to a decrease in active Rho1 and a decrease in phosphomyosin-positive cells by immunostaining, while expression of constitutively active Rho or Rho-kinase (Rok) rescues the punctate phenotype. Functionally, RN-tre depletion led to an increase in actin retrograde flow rate and cellular contractility in S2 and S2R+ cells, respectively. Regulation of NMII by RN-tre is only partially dependent on its GAP activity as overexpression of constitutively active Rabs inactivated by RN-tre failed to alter NMII RLC localization, while a GAP-dead version of RN-tre partially restored phosphomyosin staining. Collectively, our results suggest that RN-tre plays an important regulatory role in NMII RLC distribution, phosphorylation, and function, likely through Rho1 signaling and putatively serving as a link between the secretion machinery and actomyosin contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Detmar
- Department of Biology & Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
| | - Liz Sepulveda
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202
| | - Anna Ritz
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202
| | - Stephen L Rogers
- Department of Biology & Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
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11
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Reyes M, Flores T, Betancur D, Peña-Oyarzún D, Torres VA. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Oral Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134682. [PMID: 32630122 PMCID: PMC7369957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral carcinogenesis is a complex and multifactorial process that involves cumulative genetic and molecular alterations, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation, impaired DNA repair and defective cell death. At the early stages, the onset of potentially malignant lesions in the oral mucosa, or oral dysplasia, is associated with higher rates of malignant progression towards carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. Efforts have been made to get insights about signaling pathways that are deregulated in oral dysplasia, as these could be translated into novel markers and might represent promising therapeutic targets. In this context, recent evidence underscored the relevance of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in oral dysplasia, as this pathway is progressively "switched on" through the different grades of dysplasia (mild, moderate and severe dysplasia), with the consequent nuclear translocation of β-catenin and expression of target genes associated with the maintenance of representative traits of oral dysplasia, namely cell proliferation and viability. Intriguingly, recent studies provide an unanticipated connection between active β-catenin signaling and deregulated endosome trafficking in oral dysplasia, highlighting the relevance of endocytic components in oral carcinogenesis. This review summarizes evidence about the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the underlying mechanisms that account for its aberrant activation in oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Reyes
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (T.F.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Tania Flores
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (T.F.); (D.B.)
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Research Centre in Dental Science (CICO), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Diego Betancur
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (T.F.); (D.B.)
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Daniel Peña-Oyarzún
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Vicente A. Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.A.T.)
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12
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Conformationally active integrin endocytosis and traffic: why, where, when and how? Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:83-93. [PMID: 32065228 PMCID: PMC7054750 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal control of integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for physiological and pathological events in multicellular organisms, such as embryonic development, angiogenesis, platelet aggregation, leukocytes extravasation, and cancer cell metastatic dissemination. Regulation of integrin adhesive function and signaling relies on the modulation of both conformation and traffic. Indeed, integrins exist in a dynamic equilibrium between a bent/closed (inactive) and an extended/open (active) conformation, respectively endowed with low and high affinity for ECM ligands. Increasing evidence proves that, differently to what hypothesized in the past, detachment from the ECM and conformational inactivation are not mandatory for integrin to get endocytosed and trafficked. Specific transmembrane and cytosolic proteins involved in the control of ECM proteolytic fragment-bound active integrin internalization and recycling exist. In the complex masterplan that governs cell behavior, active integrin traffic is key to the turnover of ECM polymers and adhesion sites, the polarized secretion of endogenous ECM proteins and modifying enzymes, the propagation of motility and survival endosomal signals, and the control of cell metabolism.
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13
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Reyes M, Peña-Oyarzún D, Silva P, Venegas S, Criollo A, Torres VA. Nuclear accumulation of β-catenin is associated with endosomal sequestration of the destruction complex and increased activation of Rab5 in oral dysplasia. FASEB J 2020; 34:4009-4025. [PMID: 31990106 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902345rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Potentially malignant lesions, commonly referred to as dysplasia, are associated with malignant transformation by mechanisms that remain unclear. We recently reported that increased Wnt secretion promotes the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and expression of target genes in oral dysplasia. However, the mechanisms accounting for nuclear re-localization of β-catenin in oral dysplasia remain unclear. In this study, we show that endosomal sequestration of the β-catenin destruction complex allows nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in oral dysplasia, and that these events depended on the endocytic protein Rab5. Tissue immunofluorescence analysis showed aberrant accumulation of enlarged early endosomes in oral dysplasia biopsies, when compared with healthy oral mucosa. These observations were confirmed in cell culture models, by comparing dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK) and non-dysplastic oral keratinocytes (OKF6). Intriguingly, DOK depicted higher levels of active Rab5, a critical regulator of early endosomes, when compared with OKF6. Increased Rab5 activity in DOK was necessary for nuclear localization of β-catenin and Tcf/Lef-dependent transcription, as shown by expression of dominant negative and constitutively active mutants of Rab5, along with immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation, transcription, and protease protection assays. Mechanistically, elevated Rab5 activity in DOK accounted for endosomal sequestration of components of the destruction complex, including GSK3β, Axin, and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), as observed in Rab5 dominant negative experiments. In agreement with these in vitro observations, tissue immunofluorescence analysis showed increased co-localization of GSK3β, APC, and Axin, with early endosome antigen 1- and Rab5-positive early endosomes in clinical samples of oral dysplasia. Collectively, these data indicate that increased Rab5 activity and endosomal sequestration of the β-catenin destruction complex leads to stabilization and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in oral dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Reyes
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Peña-Oyarzún
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Silva
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Venegas
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Arriagada C, Silva P, Millet M, Solano L, Moraga C, Torres VA. Focal adhesion kinase-dependent activation of the early endocytic protein Rab5 is associated with cell migration. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12836-12845. [PMID: 31292193 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a central regulator of integrin-dependent cell adhesion and migration and has recently been shown to co-localize with endosomal proteins. The early endocytic protein Rab5 controls integrin trafficking, focal adhesion disassembly, and cell migration and has been shown to be activated upon integrin engagement by mechanisms that remain unclear. Because FAK is a critical regulator of integrin-dependent signaling and Rab5 recapitulates FAK-mediated effects, we evaluated the possibility that FAK activates Rab5 and contributes to cell migration. Pulldown assays revealed that Rab5-GTP levels are decreased upon treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of FAK, PF562,271, in resting A549 cells. These events were associated with decreased peripheral Rab5 puncta and a reduced number of early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1)-positive early endosomes. Accordingly, as indicated by FAK inhibition experiments and in FAK-null fibroblasts, adhesion-induced FAK activity increased Rab5-GTP levels. In fact, expression of WT FAK and FAK/Y180A/M183A (open conformation), but not FAK/Arg454 (kinase-dead), augmented Rab5-GTP levels in FAK-null fibroblasts and A549 cells. Moreover, expression of a GDP-bound Rab5 mutant (Rab5/S34N) or shRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous Rab5 prevented FAK-induced A549 cell migration, whereas expression of WT or GTP-bound Rab5 (Rab5/Q79L), but not Rab5/S34N, promoted cell migration in FAK-null fibroblasts. Mechanistically, FAK co-immunoprecipitated with the GTPase-activating protein p85α in a phosphorylation (Tyr397)-dependent manner, preventing Rab5-GTP loading, as shown by knockdown and transfection recovery experiments. Taken together, these results reveal that FAK activates Rab5, leading to cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Arriagada
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Patricio Silva
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Martial Millet
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Luis Solano
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Carolina Moraga
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
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15
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A germline mutation in Rab43 gene identified from a cancer family predisposes to a hereditary liver-colon cancer syndrome. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:613. [PMID: 31226964 PMCID: PMC6588942 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary cancer syndromes have inherited germline mutations which predispose to benign and malignant tumors. Understanding of the molecular causes in hereditary cancer syndromes has advanced cancer treatment and prevention. However, the causal genes of many hereditary cancer syndromes remain unknown due to their rare frequency of mutation. Methods A large Chinese family with a history of hereditary liver-colon cancer syndrome was studied. The genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples of involved family members, whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify genetic variants. Functional validation of a candidate variant was carried out using gene expression, gene knockout and immunohistochemistry. Results The whole-exome of the proband diagnosed with colon cancer was sequenced in comparison with his mother. A total of 13 SNVs and 16 InDels were identified. Among these variants, we focused on a mutation of Rab43 gene, a GTPase family member involving in protein trafficking, for further validation. Sanger DNA sequencing confirmed a mutation (c: 128810106C > T, p: A158T) occurred in one allele of Rab43 gene from the proband, that heterozygous mutation also was verified in the genome of the proband’s deceased father with liver cancer, but not in his healthy mother and sister. Ectopic expression of the Rab43 A158T mutant in Huh7 cells led to more enhanced cell growth, proliferation and migration compared to the expression of wild type Rab43. Conversely, knockout of Rab43 in HepG2 cells resulted in slow cell growth and multiple nuclei formation and impaired activation of Akt. Finally, a positive correlation between the expression levels of Rab43 protein and cancer development in that family was confirmed. Conclusions A germline mutation of Rab43 gene is identified to be associated with the onset of a familial liver-colon cancer syndrome. Our finding points to a potential role of protein trafficking in the tumorigenesis of the familial cancer syndrome, and helps the genetic counseling to the affected family members. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5845-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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16
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Sun K, He SB, Yao YZ, Qu JG, Xie R, Ma YQ, Zong MH, Chen JX. Tre2 (USP6NL) promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:102. [PMID: 31015802 PMCID: PMC6469084 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are diagnosed at an advanced or metastatic stage with poor prognosis. Ubiquitin-specific protease 6 N-terminal-like protein (USP6NL) with high expression in CRC tissues regulates CRC cell proliferation via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We hypothesized that USP6NL impacts CRC growth and inhibition of USP6NL may be a novel treatment strategy to improve CRC therapy. Methods USP6NL level in human CRC tissues and its association with tumor growth and metastasis were examined. Its roles and potential mechanisms in regulating tumor growth were studied by genetic and pharmacological manipulation of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Results Herein, we found that USP6NL was up-regulated in tumorous tissues of CRC patients. Our data suggested that knockdown of USP6NL in human CRC cell lines (HCT116 and LOVO cells) inhibited cell proliferation, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and prevented the tumorigenicity of HCT116 cells in nude mice, and which was associated with the prevention of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. On the contrary, USP6NL overexpression in human CRC cells (SW480) showed the opposite result. Our data suggested that the promoted cell proliferation, G1/S cell cycle progression, and the enhanced expression of β-catenin Cyclin D1 and C-myc while reduced P27 induced by the overexpression of USP6NL were significantly reversed by additional treatment of XAV939, indicating that activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway was the mechanism, by which USP6NL exerted carcinogenesis in CRC in vitro. Besides, our data suggested that knockdown of USP6NL increased the ubiquitination of β-catenin, indicating that USP6NL may serve as a deubiquitinase that regulated β-catenin accumulation in this process. Furthermore, 10058-F4 down-regulated USP6NL, inhibited CRC cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest. The result demonstrated a possible feedback loop between USP6NL, β-catenin and C-myc in regulating CRC cell growth. Conclusion USP6NL was an oncogene in CRC, and it may be a potential target for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Sun
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Bing He
- 2Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhou Yao
- 2Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Qu
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xie
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qiao Ma
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hui Zong
- 3School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Xiang Chen
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 People's Republic of China
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17
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Moreno-Layseca P, Icha J, Hamidi H, Ivaska J. Integrin trafficking in cells and tissues. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:122-132. [PMID: 30602723 PMCID: PMC6597357 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix is fundamental to metazoan multicellularity and is accomplished primarily through the integrin family of cell-surface receptors. Integrins are internalized and enter the endocytic-exocytic pathway before being recycled back to the plasma membrane. The trafficking of this extensive protein family is regulated in multiple context-dependent ways to modulate integrin function in the cell. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms and cellular roles of integrin endocytic trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Moreno-Layseca
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaroslav Icha
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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18
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Avanzato D, Pupo E, Ducano N, Isella C, Bertalot G, Luise C, Pece S, Bruna A, Rueda OM, Caldas C, Di Fiore PP, Sapino A, Lanzetti L. High USP6NL Levels in Breast Cancer Sustain Chronic AKT Phosphorylation and GLUT1 Stability Fueling Aerobic Glycolysis. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3432-3444. [PMID: 29691252 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
USP6NL, also named RN-tre, is a GTPase-activating protein involved in control of endocytosis and signal transduction. Here we report that USP6NL is overexpressed in breast cancer, mainly of the basal-like/integrative cluster 10 subtype. Increased USP6NL levels were accompanied by gene amplification and were associated with worse prognosis in the METABRIC dataset, retaining prognostic value in multivariable analysis. High levels of USP6NL in breast cancer cells delayed endocytosis and degradation of the EGFR, causing chronic AKT (protein kinase B) activation. In turn, AKT stabilized the glucose transporter GLUT1 at the plasma membrane, increasing aerobic glycolysis. In agreement, elevated USP6NL sensitized breast cancer cells to glucose deprivation, indicating that their glycolytic capacity relies on this protein. Depletion of USP6NL accelerated EGFR/AKT downregulation and GLUT1 degradation, impairing cell proliferation exclusively in breast cancer cells that harbored increased levels of USP6NL. Overall, these findings argue that USP6NL overexpression generates a metabolic rewiring that is essential to foster the glycolytic demand of breast cancer cells and promote their proliferation.Significance: USP6NL overexpression leads to glycolysis addiction of breast cancer cells and presents a point of metabolic vulnerability for therapeutic targeting in a subset of aggressive basal-like breast tumors.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/13/3432/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(13); 3432-44. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Avanzato
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pupo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Nadia Ducano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Isella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Luise
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pece
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar M Rueda
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
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Chang CH, Bijian K, Qiu D, Su J, Saad A, Dahabieh MS, Miller WH, Alaoui-Jamali MA. Endosomal sorting and c-Cbl targeting of paxillin to autophagosomes regulate cell-matrix adhesion turnover in human breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31199-31214. [PMID: 28415719 PMCID: PMC5458201 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational mechanisms regulating cell-matrix adhesion turnover during cell locomotion are not fully elucidated. In this study, we uncovered an essential role of Y118 site-specific tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin, an adapter protein of focal adhesion complexes, in paxillin recruitment to autophagosomes to trigger turnover of peripheral focal adhesions in human breast cancer cells. We demonstrate that the Rab-7 GTPase is a key upstream regulator of late endosomal sorting of tyrosine118-phosphorylated paxillin, which is subsequently recruited to autophagosomes via the cargo receptor c-Cbl. Essentially, this recruitment involves a direct and selective interaction between Y118-phospho-paxillin, c-Cbl, and LC3 and is independent from c-Cbl E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Interference with the Rab7-paxillin-autophagy regulatory network using genetic and pharmacological approaches greatly impacted focal adhesion stability, cell locomotion and progression to metastasis using a panel of human breast cancer cells. Together, these results provide novel insights into the requirement of phospho-site specific post-translational mechanism of paxillin for autophagy targeting to regulate cell-matrix adhesion turnover and cell locomotion in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Center, SMBD Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Krikor Bijian
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Center, SMBD Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dinghong Qiu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Center, SMBD Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jie Su
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Center, SMBD Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Amine Saad
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Center, SMBD Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael S Dahabieh
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Center, SMBD Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Wilson H Miller
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Center, SMBD Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Moulay A Alaoui-Jamali
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Center, SMBD Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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20
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Silva P, Mendoza P, Rivas S, Díaz J, Moraga C, Quest AFG, Torres VA. Hypoxia promotes Rab5 activation, leading to tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29548-62. [PMID: 27121131 PMCID: PMC5045416 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common condition of the tumor microenvironment, is associated with poor patient prognosis, tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Recent evidence suggests that hypoxia alters endosome dynamics in tumor cells, leading to augmented cell proliferation and migration and this is particularly relevant, because endosomal components have been shown to be deregulated in cancer. The early endosome protein Rab5 is a small GTPase that promotes integrin trafficking, focal adhesion turnover, Rac1 activation, tumor cell migration and invasion. However, the role of Rab5 and downstream events in hypoxia remain unknown. Here, we identify Rab5 as a critical player in hypoxia-driven tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Exposure of A549 human lung carcinoma, ZR-75, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer and B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells to hypoxia increased Rab5 activation, followed by its re-localization to the leading edge and association with focal adhesions. Importantly, Rab5 was required for hypoxia-driven cell migration, FAK phosphorylation and Rac1 activation, as shown by shRNA-targeting and transfection assays with Rab5 mutants. Intriguingly, the effect of hypoxia on both Rab5 activity and migration was substantially higher in metastatic B16-F10 cells than in poorly invasive B16-F0 cells. Furthermore, exogenous expression of Rab5 in B16-F0 cells predisposed to hypoxia-induced migration, whereas expression of the inactive mutant Rab5/S34N prevented the migration of B16-F10 cells induced by hypoxia. Finally, using an in vivo syngenic C57BL/6 mouse model, Rab5 expression was shown to be required for hypoxia-induced metastasis. In summary, these findings identify Rab5 as a key mediator of hypoxia-induced tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Silva
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Mendoza
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Solange Rivas
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Díaz
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Moraga
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC) and Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Mendoza PA, Silva P, Díaz J, Arriagada C, Canales J, Cerda O, Torres VA. Calpain2 mediates Rab5-driven focal adhesion disassembly and cell migration. Cell Adh Migr 2017; 12:185-194. [PMID: 29099266 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2017.1377388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The early endosome protein Rab5 was recently shown to promote cell migration by enhancing focal adhesion disassembly through mechanisms that remain elusive. Focal adhesion disassembly is associated to proteolysis of talin, in a process that requires calpain2. Since calpain2 has been found at vesicles and endosomal compartments, we hypothesized that Rab5 stimulates calpain2 activity, leading to enhanced focal adhesion disassembly in migrating cells. We observed that calpain2 co-localizes with EEA1-positive early endosomes and co-immunoprecipitates with EEA1 and Rab5 in A549 lung carcinoma cells undergoing spreading, whereas Rab5 knock-down decreased the accumulation of calpain2 at early endosomal-enriched fractions. In addition, Rab5 silencing decreased calpain2 activity, as shown by cleavage of the fluorogenic substrate tBOC-LM-CMAC and the endogenous substrate talin. Accordingly, Rab5 promoted focal adhesion disassembly in a calpain2-dependent manner, as expression of GFP-Rab5 accelerated focal adhesion disassembly in nocodazole-synchronized cells, whereas pharmacological inhibition of calpain2 with N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-Met prevented both focal adhesion disassembly and cell migration induced by Rab5. In summary, these data uncover Rab5 as a novel regulator of calpain2 activity and focal adhesion proteolysis leading to cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Mendoza
- a Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,b Molecular Pathology Laboratory , Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Sciences Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile , Valdivia , Chile
| | - Patricio Silva
- a Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,c Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Central de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Jorge Díaz
- a Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,d Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Cecilia Arriagada
- a Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Jimena Canales
- e Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular , Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Oscar Cerda
- e Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular , Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,f Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD) , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Vicente A Torres
- a Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,d Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
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22
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Secretory RAB GTPase 3C modulates IL6-STAT3 pathway to promote colon cancer metastasis and is associated with poor prognosis. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:135. [PMID: 28784136 PMCID: PMC5547507 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RAB GTPases are important in the regulation of membrane trafficking and cell movement. Recently, exocytic RABs have received increasing attention in cancer research. However, the functional roles of exocytic RABs in colorectal carcinogenesis remain to be elucidated. METHODS Immunohistochemistry analysis of a microarray containing 215 colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues was used to identify the association between exocytic RABs and patient prognosis. Complementary functional RAB3C overexpression and knockdown experiments were performed. The molecular mechanism of RAB3C in inducing colon cancer cell metastasis was determined. RESULTS High RAB3C expression in patients was found to be significantly associated with advanced pathological stage, distant metastasis and poor prognosis. Multivariate analyses showed that high RAB3C expression was an independent prognostic marker in overall (P = 0.001) and disease-free survival (P < 0.001). Furthermore, our experimental results showed an increase in the migration and invasion ability of RAB3C-overexpressing colon cancer cells and increased metastatic nodules in a mouse metastasis model. The effect of RAB3C-overexpressing cell-conditioned medium was found to significantly promote the migration ability of parental colon cancer cells, thus suggesting that the promotion of migration is exocytosis dependent. Upregulation of other exocytic RABs was also seen in RAB3C-overexpressing cells. Through microarray and proteomics analyses, increased production of multiple cytokines was observed in RAB3C-overexpressing cell lines, and the IL-6 pathway was the top pathway whose members exhibited gene expression changes after RAB3C overexpression, according to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Blocking IL-6 with IL-6 antibody treatment or IL-6 knockdown significantly inhibited the migration potential of RAB3C-overexpressing colon cancer cells. In addition, IL-6 was found to induce STAT3 phosphorylation in RAB3C-overexpressing colon cancer cells, thus promoting migration. Ruxolitinib, a JAK2 inhibitor, was found to significantly inhibit RAB3C-induced colon cancer cell migration. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that RAB3C overexpression promotes tumor metastasis and is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer, through modulating the ability of cancer cells to release IL-6 through exocytosis and activate the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. These results further suggest that inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation in the RAB3C-IL-6-STAT3 axis by using Ruxolitinib may be a new therapeutic strategy to combat metastatic colon cancers.
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Atherton P, Lausecker F, Harrison A, Ballestrem C. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes cell motility through vinculin-controlled Rac1 GTPase activity. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2277-2291. [PMID: 28576970 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.192781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a therapy used clinically to promote healing. Using live-cell imaging we show that LIPUS stimulation, acting through integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesions, rapidly induces Rac1 activation associated with dramatic actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. Our study demonstrates that the mechanosensitive focal adhesion (FA) protein vinculin, and both focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2) and Rab5 (both the Rab5a and Rab5b isoforms) have key roles in regulating these effects. Inhibiting the link of vinculin to the actin-cytoskeleton abolished LIPUS sensing. We show that this vinculin-mediated link was not only critical for Rac1 induction and actin rearrangements, but was also important for the induction of a Rab5-dependent increase in the number of early endosomes. Expression of dominant-negative Rab5, or inhibition of endocytosis with dynasore, also blocked LIPUS-induced Rac1 signalling events. Taken together, our data show that LIPUS is sensed by cell matrix adhesions through vinculin, which in turn modulates a Rab5-Rac1 pathway to control ultrasound-mediated endocytosis and cell motility. Finally, we demonstrate that a similar FAK-Rab5-Rac1 pathway acts to control cell spreading upon fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Atherton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, USA
| | - Franziska Lausecker
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, USA
| | - Andrew Harrison
- Bioventus Cooperatief, Taurusavenue 31, 2132 LS Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, USA
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24
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Mana G, Clapero F, Panieri E, Panero V, Böttcher RT, Tseng HY, Saltarin F, Astanina E, Wolanska KI, Morgan MR, Humphries MJ, Santoro MM, Serini G, Valdembri D. PPFIA1 drives active α5β1 integrin recycling and controls fibronectin fibrillogenesis and vascular morphogenesis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13546. [PMID: 27876801 PMCID: PMC5122980 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Basolateral polymerization of cellular fibronectin (FN) into a meshwork drives endothelial cell (EC) polarity and vascular remodelling. However, mechanisms coordinating α5β1 integrin-mediated extracellular FN endocytosis and exocytosis of newly synthesized FN remain elusive. Here we show that, on Rab21-elicited internalization, FN-bound/active α5β1 is recycled to the EC surface. We identify a pathway, comprising the regulators of post-Golgi carrier formation PI4KB and AP-1A, the small GTPase Rab11B, the surface tyrosine phosphatase receptor PTPRF and its adaptor PPFIA1, which we propose acts as a funnel combining FN secretion and recycling of active α5β1 integrin from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the EC surface, thus allowing FN fibrillogenesis. In this framework, PPFIA1 interacts with active α5β1 integrin and localizes close to EC adhesions where post-Golgi carriers are targeted. We show that PPFIA1 is required for FN polymerization-dependent vascular morphogenesis, both in vitro and in the developing zebrafish embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mana
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Torino 10060, Italy
- Laboratory of Cell Adhesion Dynamics, Candiolo Cancer Institute—Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Torino 10060, Italy
| | - Fabiana Clapero
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Torino 10060, Italy
- Laboratory of Cell Adhesion Dynamics, Candiolo Cancer Institute—Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Torino 10060, Italy
| | - Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Panero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ralph T. Böttcher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Hui-Yuan Tseng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Federico Saltarin
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Torino 10060, Italy
- Laboratory of Cell Adhesion Dynamics, Candiolo Cancer Institute—Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Torino 10060, Italy
| | - Elena Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Torino 10060, Italy
- Laboratory of Vascular Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute—Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Torino 10060, Italy
| | - Katarzyna I. Wolanska
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Mark R. Morgan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Massimo M. Santoro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Guido Serini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Torino 10060, Italy
- Laboratory of Cell Adhesion Dynamics, Candiolo Cancer Institute—Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Torino 10060, Italy
| | - Donatella Valdembri
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Torino 10060, Italy
- Laboratory of Cell Adhesion Dynamics, Candiolo Cancer Institute—Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Torino 10060, Italy
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25
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Schulte C, Ripamonti M, Maffioli E, Cappelluti MA, Nonnis S, Puricelli L, Lamanna J, Piazzoni C, Podestà A, Lenardi C, Tedeschi G, Malgaroli A, Milani P. Scale Invariant Disordered Nanotopography Promotes Hippocampal Neuron Development and Maturation with Involvement of Mechanotransductive Pathways. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:267. [PMID: 27917111 PMCID: PMC5114288 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of biomaterials which promote neuronal maturation up to the generation of integrated neural circuits is fundamental for modern neuroscience. The development of neural circuits arises from complex maturative processes regulated by poorly understood signaling events, often guided by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we report that nanostructured zirconia surfaces, produced by supersonic cluster beam deposition of zirconia nanoparticles and characterized by ECM-like nanotopographical features, can direct the maturation of neural networks. Hippocampal neurons cultured on such cluster-assembled surfaces displayed enhanced differentiation paralleled by functional changes. The latter was demonstrated by single-cell electrophysiology showing earlier action potential generation and increased spontaneous postsynaptic currents compared to the neurons grown on the featureless unnaturally flat standard control surfaces. Label-free shotgun proteomics broadly confirmed the functional changes and suggests furthermore a vast impact of the neuron/nanotopography interaction on mechanotransductive machinery components, known to control physiological in vivo ECM-regulated axon guidance and synaptic plasticity. Our results indicate a potential of cluster-assembled zirconia nanotopography exploitable for the creation of efficient neural tissue interfaces and cell culture devices promoting neurogenic events, but also for unveiling mechanotransductive aspects of neuronal development and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schulte
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Centro Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturate, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy; Fondazione FilareteMilan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Ripamonti
- Neurobiology of Learning Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Maffioli
- Fondazione FilareteMilan, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Martino A Cappelluti
- Fondazione FilareteMilan, Italy; SEMM - European School of Molecular MedicineMilan, Italy
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Puricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Centro Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturate, Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lamanna
- Neurobiology of Learning Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Piazzoni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Centro Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturate, Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Podestà
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Centro Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturate, Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Lenardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Centro Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturate, Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Fondazione FilareteMilan, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Antonio Malgaroli
- Neurobiology of Learning Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Centro Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturate, Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
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Pupo E, Ducano N, Lupo B, Vigna E, Avanzato D, Perera T, Trusolino L, Lanzetti L, Comoglio PM. Rebound Effects Caused by Withdrawal of MET Kinase Inhibitor Are Quenched by a MET Therapeutic Antibody. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5019-29. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Dong JM, Tay FPL, Swa HLF, Gunaratne J, Leung T, Burke B, Manser E. Proximity biotinylation provides insight into the molecular composition of focal adhesions at the nanometer scale. Sci Signal 2016; 9:rs4. [PMID: 27303058 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf3572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesions are protein complexes that link metazoan cells to the extracellular matrix through the integrin family of transmembrane proteins. Integrins recruit many proteins to these complexes, referred to as the "adhesome." We used proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID) in U2OS osteosarcoma cells to label proteins within 15 to 25 nm of paxillin, a cytoplasmic focal adhesion protein, and kindlin-2, which directly binds β integrins. Using mass spectrometry analysis of the biotinylated proteins, we identified 27 known adhesome proteins and 8 previously unknown components close to paxillin. However, only seven of these proteins interacted directly with paxillin, one of which was the adaptor protein Kank2. The proteins in proximity to β integrin included 15 of the adhesion proteins identified in the paxillin BioID data set. BioID also correctly established kindlin-2 as a cell-cell junction protein. By focusing on this smaller data set, new partners for kindlin-2 were found, namely, the endocytosis-promoting proteins liprin β1 and EFR3A, but, contrary to previous reports, not the filamin-binding protein migfilin. A model adhesome based on both data sets suggests that focal adhesions contain fewer components than previously suspected and that paxillin lies away from the plasma membrane. These data not only illustrate the power of using BioID and stable isotope-labeled mass spectrometry to define macromolecular complexes but also enable the correct identification of therapeutic targets within the adhesome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ming Dong
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Felicia Pei-Ling Tay
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Hannah Lee-Foon Swa
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Thomas Leung
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Brian Burke
- Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ed Manser
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore. Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore. Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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28
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Mani M, Lee UH, Yoon NA, Kim HJ, Ko MS, Seol W, Joe Y, Chung HT, Lee BJ, Moon CH, Cho WJ, Park JW. Developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 2 coordinates Rab5 activity and transferrin recycling. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 27:334-48. [PMID: 26582392 PMCID: PMC4713135 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-08-0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rab5 regulates the early endocytic pathway of transferrin (Tfn), and Rab5 deactivation is required for Tfn recycling. Developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 2 is required for interaction between Rab5 and RabGAP5 on endosomes and acts as a key regulator for Rab5 deactivation and Tfn recycling. The small GTPase Rab5 regulates the early endocytic pathway of transferrin (Tfn), and Rab5 deactivation is required for Tfn recycling. Rab5 deactivation is achieved by RabGAP5, a GTPase-activating protein, on the endosomes. Here we report that recruitment of RabGAP5 is insufficient to deactivate Rab5 and that developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 2 (DRG2) is required for Rab5 deactivation and Tfn recycling. DRG2 was associated with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate–containing endosomes. It colocalized and interacted with EEA1 and Rab5 on endosomes in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–dependent manner. DRG2 depletion did not affect Tfn uptake and recruitment of RabGAP5 and Rac1 to Rab5 endosomes. However, it resulted in impairment of interaction between Rab5 and RabGAP5, Rab5 deactivation on endosomes, and Tfn recycling. Ectopic expression of shRNA-resistant DRG2 rescued Tfn recycling in DRG2-depleted cells. Our results demonstrate that DRG2 is an endosomal protein and a key regulator of Rab5 deactivation and Tfn recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidharan Mani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Unn Hwa Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Nal Ae Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Myoung Seok Ko
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Wongi Seol
- Inam Institute for Brain Science, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo 435-040, Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Moon
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 682-060, Korea
| | - Wha Ja Cho
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 682-060, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
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29
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Mendoza P, Díaz J, Silva P, Torres VA. Rab5 activation as a tumor cell migration switch. Small GTPases 2015; 5:e28195. [PMID: 25763873 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.28195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased cell migration is an acquired feature of metastatic cancer cells and relies on derailed signal transduction pathways. Intracellular vesicular trafficking plays a key role in cell migration due to its intricate involvement in cargo transport and membrane composition. In the last decade, endocytosis has been implicated in cell migration and found to be responsible for the internalization of membrane receptors at the plasma membrane, where integrin trafficking and fine-tuning of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling by internalization are major mechanisms. Accumulating evidence has suggested a link between endosome dynamics, cell migration, and invasion, in which small GTPases of the Rab family have central roles. We have recently determined that Rab5 activation is a crucial event in promoting focal adhesion disassembly, which is concomitant with the migration and invasion of metastatic cancer cells. The mechanisms underlying this novel role for Rab5 are currently unclear, and their elucidation will provide insight into the role of Rab5 function in cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Mendoza
- a Institute for Research in Dental Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago, Chile
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30
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Silva P, Soto N, Díaz J, Mendoza P, Díaz N, Quest AF, Torres VA. Down-regulation of Rab5 decreases characteristics associated with maintenance of cell transformation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:642-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Torres VA. Rab'ing tumor cell migration and invasion: focal adhesion disassembly driven by Rab5. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:84-7. [PMID: 24727246 DOI: 10.4161/cam.28510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rab5 has been extensively studied in the context of endocytic trafficking because it is critical in the regulation of early endosome dynamics. In addition to this canonical role, evidence obtained in recent years implicates Rab5 in the regulation of cell migration. This novel role of Rab5 is based not only on an indirect relationship between cell migration and endosomal trafficking as separate processes, but also on the direct regulation of signaling proteins implicated in cell migration. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this connection have remained elusive. Recent studies have shown that the activation of Rab5 is a critical event for maintaining the dynamics of focal adhesions, which is fundamental in regulating not only cell migration but also tumor cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago, Chile
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32
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Castelli M, De Pascalis C, Distefano G, Ducano N, Oldani A, Lanzetti L, Boletta A. Regulation of the microtubular cytoskeleton by Polycystin-1 favors focal adhesions turnover to modulate cell adhesion and migration. BMC Cell Biol 2015; 16:15. [PMID: 25947155 PMCID: PMC4437554 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-015-0059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystin-1 (PC-1) is a large plasma membrane receptor, encoded by the PKD1 gene, which is mutated in most cases of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD). The disease is characterized by renal cysts. The precise function of PC-1 remains elusive, although several studies suggest that it can regulate the cellular shape in response to external stimuli. We and others reported that PC-1 regulates the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration. Results Here we show that cells over-expressing PC-1 display enhanced adhesion rates to the substrate, while cells lacking PC-1 have a reduced capability to adhere. In search for the mechanism responsible for this new property of PC-1 we found that this receptor is able to regulate the stability of the microtubules, in addition to its capability to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. The two cytoskeletal components are acting in a coordinated fashion. Notably, we uncovered that PC-1 regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton impacts on the turnover rates of focal adhesions in migrating cells and we link all these properties to the capability of PC-1 to regulate the activation state of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK). Conclusions In this study we show several new features of the PC-1 receptor in modulating microtubules and adhesion dynamics, which are essential for its capability to regulate migration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12860-015-0059-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Castelli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara De Pascalis
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. .,Current Address: International PhD Program, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Gianfranco Distefano
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Nadia Ducano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo, Torino, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Amanda Oldani
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy.
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo, Torino, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Boletta
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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33
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Ghosh S, Shinogle HE, Garg G, Vielhauer GA, Holzbeierlein JM, Dobrowsky RT, Blagg BSJ. Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors exhibit antimigratory activity by disrupting the Hsp90α/Aha1 complex in PC3-MM2 cells. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:577-90. [PMID: 25402753 PMCID: PMC4340358 DOI: 10.1021/cb5008713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
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Human Hsp90 isoforms are molecular
chaperones that are often up-regulated
in malignances and represent a primary target for Hsp90 inhibitors
undergoing clinical evaluation. Hsp90α is a stress-inducible
isoform of Hsp90 that plays a significant role in apoptosis and metastasis.
Though Hsp90α is secreted into the extracellular space under
metastatic conditions, its role in cancer biology is poorly understood.
We report that Hsp90α associates with the Aha1 co-chaperone
and found this complex to localize in secretory vesicles and at the
leading edge of migrating cells. Knockdown of Hsp90α resulted
in a defect in cell migration. The functional role of Hsp90α/Aha1
was studied by treating the cells with various novobiocin-based Hsp90
C-terminal inhibitors. These inhibitors disrupted the Hsp90α/Aha1
complex, caused a cytoplasmic redistribution of Hsp90α and Aha1,
and decreased cell migration. Structure–function studies determined
that disruption of Hsp90α/Aha1 association and inhibition of
cell migration correlated with the presence of a benzamide side chain,
since an acetamide substituted analog was less effective. Our results
show that disruption of Hsp90α/Aha1 interactions with novobiocin-based
Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors may limit the metastatic potential of
tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - George A. Vielhauer
- Department
of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Holzbeierlein
- Department
of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
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Abstract
Integrins are a family of transmembrane cell surface molecules that constitute the principal adhesion receptors for the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are indispensable for the existence of multicellular organisms. In vertebrates, 24 different integrin heterodimers exist with differing substrate specificity and tissue expression. Integrin–extracellular-ligand interaction provides a physical anchor for the cell and triggers a vast array of intracellular signalling events that determine cell fate. Dynamic remodelling of adhesions, through rapid endocytic and exocytic trafficking of integrin receptors, is an important mechanism employed by cells to regulate integrin–ECM interactions, and thus cellular signalling, during processes such as cell migration, invasion and cytokinesis. The initial concept of integrin traffic as a means to translocate adhesion receptors within the cell has now been expanded with the growing appreciation that traffic is intimately linked to the cell signalling apparatus. Furthermore, endosomal pathways are emerging as crucial regulators of integrin stability and expression in cells. Thus, integrin traffic is relevant in a number of pathological conditions, especially in cancer. Nearly a decade ago we wrote a Commentary in Journal of Cell Science entitled ‘Integrin traffic’. With the advances in the field, we felt it would be appropriate to provide the growing number of researchers interested in integrin traffic with an update.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Jonna Alanko
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Pranshu Sahgal
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland
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35
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Toward a comprehensive map of the effectors of rab GTPases. Dev Cell 2014; 31:358-373. [PMID: 25453831 PMCID: PMC4232348 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Rab GTPases recruit peripheral membrane proteins to intracellular organelles. These Rab effectors typically mediate the motility of organelles and vesicles and contribute to the specificity of membrane traffic. However, for many Rabs, few, if any, effectors have been identified; hence, their role remains unclear. To identify Rab effectors, we used a comprehensive set of Drosophila Rabs for affinity chromatography followed by mass spectrometry to identify the proteins bound to each Rab. For many Rabs, this revealed specific interactions with Drosophila orthologs of known effectors. In addition, we found numerous Rab-specific interactions with known components of membrane traffic as well as with diverse proteins not previously linked to organelles or having no known function. We confirm over 25 interactions for Rab2, Rab4, Rab5, Rab6, Rab7, Rab9, Rab18, Rab19, Rab30, and Rab39. These include tethering complexes, coiled-coiled proteins, motor linkers, Rab regulators, and several proteins linked to human disease. Proteomic screen identifies effectors of Drosophila Rabs with a human ortholog Specific hits include orthologs of numerous known effectors of mammalian Rabs Validated effectors include traffic proteins and those of unknown function Orthologs of disease genes CLEC16A, LRRK2, and SPG20 are validated as effectors
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36
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Díaz J, Mendoza P, Ortiz R, Díaz N, Leyton L, Stupack D, Quest AFG, Torres VA. Rab5 is required in metastatic cancer cells for Caveolin-1-enhanced Rac1 activation, migration and invasion. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2401-6. [PMID: 24659799 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.141689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab5 is a small GTPase that regulates early endosome trafficking and other cellular processes, including cell adhesion and migration. Specifically, Rab5 promotes Rac1 activation and cancer cell migration, but little is known about the upstream regulators of Rab5. We have previously shown that the scaffolding protein Caveolin-1 (CAV1) promotes Rac1 activation and migration of cancer cells. Here, we hypothesized that CAV1 stimulates Rab5 activation, leading to increased Rac1 activity and cell migration. Expression of CAV1 in B16-F10 mouse melanoma and HT-29(US) human colon adenocarcinoma cells increased the GTP loading of Rab5, whereas shRNA-mediated targeting of endogenous CAV1 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells decreased Rab5-GTP levels. Accordingly, shRNA-mediated downregulation of Rab5 decreased CAV1-mediated Rac1 activation, cell migration and invasion in B16-F10 and HT-29(US) cells. Expression of CAV1 was accompanied by increased recruitment of Tiam1, a Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), to Rab5-positive early endosomes. Using the inhibitor NSC23766, Tiam1 was shown to be required for Rac1 activation and cell migration induced by CAV1 and Rab5. Mechanistically, we provide evidence implicating p85α (also known as PIK3R1), a Rab5 GTPase-activating protein (GAP), in CAV1-dependent effects, by showing that CAV1 recruits p85α, precluding p85α-mediated Rab5 inactivation and increasing cell migration. In summary, these studies identify a novel CAV1-Rab5-Rac1 signaling axis, whereby CAV1 prevents Rab5 inactivation, leading to increased Rac1 activity and enhanced tumor cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Díaz
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Calle Sergio Livingstone 943, Santiago, Chile Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Mendoza
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Calle Sergio Livingstone 943, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rina Ortiz
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Díaz
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dwayne Stupack
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Calle Sergio Livingstone 943, Santiago, Chile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
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37
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Chen PI, Schauer K, Kong C, Harding AR, Goud B, Stahl PD. Rab5 isoforms orchestrate a "division of labor" in the endocytic network; Rab5C modulates Rac-mediated cell motility. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90384. [PMID: 24587345 PMCID: PMC3938722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab5, the prototypical Rab GTPase and master regulator of the endocytic pathway, is encoded as three differentially expressed isoforms, Rab5A, Rab5B and Rab5C. Here, we examined the differential effects of Rab5 isoform silencing on cell motility and report that Rab5C, but neither Rab5A nor Rab5B, is selectively associated with the growth factor-activation of Rac1 and with enhanced cell motility. Initial observations revealed that silencing of Rab5C expression, but neither Rab5A nor Rab5C, led to spindle-shaped cells that displayed reduced formation of membrane ruffles. When subjected to a scratch wound assay, cells depleted of Rab5C, but not Rab5A or Rab5B, demonstrated reduced cell migration. U937 cells depleted of Rab5C also displayed reduced cell motility in a Transwell plate migration assay. To examine activation of Rac, HeLa cells stably expressing GFP-Rac1 were independently depleted of Rab5A, Rab5B or Rab5C and seeded onto coverslips imprinted with a crossbow pattern. 3-D GFP-Rac1 images of micro-patterned cells show that GFP-Rac1 was less localized to the cell periphery in the absence of Rab5C. To confirm the connection between Rab5C and Rac activation, HeLa cells depleted of Rab5 isoforms were starved and then stimulated with EGF. Rac1 pull-down assays revealed that EGF-stimulated Rac1 activity was significantly suppressed in Rab5C-suppressed cells. To determine whether events upstream of Rac activation were affected by Rab5C, we observed that EGF-stimulated Akt phosphorylation was suppressed in cells depleted of Rab5C. Finally, since spatio-temporal assembly/disassembly of adhesion complexes are essential components of cell migration, we examined the effect of Rab5 isoform depletion on the formation of focal adhesion complexes. Rab5C-depleted HeLa cells have significantly fewer focal adhesion foci, in accordance with the lack of persistent lamellipodial protrusions and reduced directional migration. We conclude that Rab5 isoforms selectively oversee the multiple signaling and trafficking events associated with the endocytic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-I Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kristine Schauer
- Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Chen Kong
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Andrew R. Harding
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bruno Goud
- Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Philip D. Stahl
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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38
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Langemeyer L, Nunes Bastos R, Cai Y, Itzen A, Reinisch KM, Barr FA. Diversity and plasticity in Rab GTPase nucleotide release mechanism has consequences for Rab activation and inactivation. eLife 2014; 3:e01623. [PMID: 24520163 PMCID: PMC3919270 DOI: 10.7554/elife.01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras superfamily GTPase activation and inactivation occur by canonical nucleotide exchange and GTP hydrolysis mechanisms. Despite conservation of active-site residues, the Ras-related Rab GTPase activation pathway differs from Ras and between different Rabs. Analysis of DENND1-Rab35, Rabex-Rab5, TRAPP-Rab1 and DrrA-Rab1 suggests Rabs have the potential for activation by distinct GDP-release pathways. Conserved active-site residues in the Rab switch II region stabilising the nucleotide-free form differentiate these pathways. For DENND1-Rab35 and DrrA-Rab1 the Rab active-site glutamine, often mutated to create constitutively active forms, is involved in GEF mediated GDP-release. By contrast, in Rab5 the switch II aspartate is required for Rabex mediated GDP-release. Furthermore, Rab1 switch II glutamine mutants refractory to activation by DrrA can be activated by TRAPP, showing that a single Rab can be activated by more than one mechanistically distinct GDP-release pathway. These findings highlight plasticity in the activation mechanisms of closely related Rab GTPases. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01623.001 The 70 or so members of the Rab subfamily of proteins perform a wide range of important tasks inside cells. A Rab protein is always bound to another molecule, which determines whether it is inactive or active. Binding to a molecule called GDP makes the Rab protein inactive, while binding to GTP makes it active. Proteins called guanine nucleotide exchange factors, or GEFs for short, activate the Rab protein by promoting the release of GDP and the binding of GTP. Other proteins—known as GAPs—lead to the inactivation of the Rab protein. Together these proteins form a molecular switch that can be turned on and off. The Rab subfamily of proteins is part of the large Ras superfamily, and all members of this superfamily are activated and inactivated in a similar way, with the binding and unbinding of GDP and GTP taking place at a structure called the G-domain. The fact that the detailed structure of this domain (at the level of individual amino acids) has been conserved over evolution is often taken as an indication that its mechanism has also been conserved. Langemeyer et al. have now tested this assumption with four different types of GEFs—three from humans and one from the bacteria that cause Listeria—and found that the story is more complicated than expected. The experiments showed that different amino acids in the active site of the Rab protein are involved when the GEFs mediate the release of the GDP during the activation process. For example, the amino acid glutamine is involved when the Listeria GEF and one of the human GEFs activate the protein, whereas a different amino acid—aspartate—is involved when one of the other human GEFs is responsible for the activation. Using this information, Langemeyer et al. create a human Rab protein that cannot be activated by the GEF from the bacteria that cause Listeria, but can still be activated by its normal human GEF. By showing that different Rab proteins are activated by different mechanisms, and that a single Rab protein can be activated by more than one mechanism, the work of Langemeyer et al. clearly illustrates the on-going ability of evolution to surprise researchers. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01623.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Langemeyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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