1
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Shi V, Morgan EF. Estrogen and estrogen receptors mediate the mechanobiology of bone disease and repair. Bone 2024; 188:117220. [PMID: 39106937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
It is well understood that the balance of bone formation and resorption is dependent on both mechanical and biochemical factors. In addition to cell-secreted cytokines and growth factors, sex hormones like estrogen are critical to maintaining bone health. Although the direct osteoprotective function of estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) has been reported extensively, evidence that estrogen signaling also has a role in mediating the effects of mechanical loading on maintenance of bone mass and healing of bone injuries has more recently emerged. Recent studies have underscored the role of estrogen and ERs in many pathways of bone mechanosensation and mechanotransduction. Estrogen and ERs have been shown to augment integrin-based mechanotransduction as well as canonical Wnt/b-catenin, RhoA/ROCK, and YAP/TAZ pathways. Estrogen and ERs also influence the mechanosensitivity of not only osteocytes but also osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and marrow stromal cells. The current review will highlight these roles of estrogen and ERs in cellular mechanisms underlying bone mechanobiology and discuss their implications for management of osteoporosis and bone fractures. A greater understanding of the mechanisms behind interactions between estrogen and mechanical loading may be crucial to addressing the shortcomings of current hormonal and pharmaceutical therapies. A combined therapy approach including high-impact exercise therapy may mitigate adverse side effects and allow an effective long-term solution for the prevention, treatment, and management of bone fragility in at-risk populations. Furthermore, future implications to novel local delivery mechanisms of hormonal therapy for osteoporosis treatment, as well as the effects on bone health of applications of sex hormone therapy outside of bone disease, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Shi
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington St, Boston 02215, MA, USA; Center for Multiscale and Translational Mechanobiology, Boston University, 44 Cummington St, Boston 02215, MA, USA
| | - Elise F Morgan
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington St, Boston 02215, MA, USA; Center for Multiscale and Translational Mechanobiology, Boston University, 44 Cummington St, Boston 02215, MA, USA.
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2
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Li J, Jo MH, Yan J, Hall T, Lee J, López-Sánchez U, Yan S, Ha T, Springer TA. Ligand binding initiates single-molecule integrin conformational activation. Cell 2024; 187:2990-3005.e17. [PMID: 38772370 PMCID: PMC11162317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Integrins link the extracellular environment to the actin cytoskeleton in cell migration and adhesiveness. Rapid coordination between events outside and inside the cell is essential. Single-molecule fluorescence dynamics show that ligand binding to the bent-closed integrin conformation, which predominates on cell surfaces, is followed within milliseconds by two concerted changes, leg extension and headpiece opening, to give the high-affinity integrin conformation. The extended-closed integrin conformation is not an intermediate but can be directly accessed from the extended-open conformation and provides a pathway for ligand dissociation. In contrast to ligand, talin, which links the integrin β-subunit cytoplasmic domain to the actin cytoskeleton, modestly stabilizes but does not induce extension or opening. Integrin activation is thus initiated by outside-in signaling and followed by inside-out signaling. Our results further imply that talin binding is insufficient for inside-out integrin activation and that tensile force transmission through the ligand-integrin-talin-actin cytoskeleton complex is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Myung Hyun Jo
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiabin Yan
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Taylor Hall
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joon Lee
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Uriel López-Sánchez
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sophia Yan
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Newton South High School, Newton, MA 02459, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Timothy A Springer
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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3
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Casarella S, Ferla F, Di Francesco D, Canciani E, Rizzi M, Boccafoschi F. Focal Adhesion's Role in Cardiomyocytes Function: From Cardiomyogenesis to Mechanotransduction. Cells 2024; 13:664. [PMID: 38667279 PMCID: PMC11049660 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction refers to the ability of cells to sense mechanical stimuli and convert them into biochemical signals. In this context, the key players are focal adhesions (FAs): multiprotein complexes that link intracellular actin bundles and the extracellular matrix (ECM). FAs are involved in cellular adhesion, growth, differentiation, gene expression, migration, communication, force transmission, and contractility. Focal adhesion signaling molecules, including Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), integrins, vinculin, and paxillin, also play pivotal roles in cardiomyogenesis, impacting cell proliferation and heart tube looping. In fact, cardiomyocytes sense ECM stiffness through integrins, modulating signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin. Moreover, FAK/Src complex activation mediates cardiac hypertrophic growth and survival signaling in response to mechanical loads. This review provides an overview of the molecular and mechanical mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between FAs and cardiac differentiation, as well as the role of FA-mediated mechanotransduction in guiding cardiac muscle responses to mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Casarella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Federica Ferla
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Dalila Di Francesco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, CRC-I, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Elena Canciani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Manuela Rizzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
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4
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Moody JC, Qadota H, Benian GM. The RhoGAP RRC-1 is required for the assembly or stability of integrin adhesion complexes and is a member of the PIX pathway in muscle. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar58. [PMID: 38446619 PMCID: PMC11064667 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-03-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
GTPases cycle between active GTP bound and inactive GDP bound forms. Exchange of GDP for GTP is catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) accelerate GTP hydrolysis, to promote the GDP bound form. We reported that the RacGEF, PIX-1, is required for assembly of integrin adhesion complexes (IAC) in striated muscle of Caenorhabditis elegans. In C. elegans, IACs are found at the muscle cell boundaries (MCBs), and bases of sarcomeric M-lines and dense bodies (Z-disks). Screening C. elegans mutants in proteins containing RhoGAP domains revealed that loss of function of rrc-1 results in loss of IAC components at MCBs, disorganization of M-lines and dense bodies, and reduced whole animal locomotion. RRC-1 localizes to MCBs, like PIX-1. The localization of RRC-1 at MCBs requires PIX-1, and the localization of PIX-1 requires RRC-1. Loss of function of CED-10 (Rac) shows lack of PIX-1 and RRC-1 at MCBs. RRC-1 exists in a complex with PIX-1. Transgenic rescue of rrc-1 was achieved with wild type RRC-1 but not RRC-1 with a missense mutation in a highly conserved residue of the RhoGAP domain. Our results are consistent with RRC-1 being a RhoGAP for the PIX pathway in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Qadota
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Guy M. Benian
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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5
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Jain K, Minhaj RF, Kanchanawong P, Sheetz MP, Changede R. Nano-clusters of ligand-activated integrins organize immobile, signalling active, nano-clusters of phosphorylated FAK required for mechanosignaling in focal adhesions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.25.581925. [PMID: 38464288 PMCID: PMC10925161 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.25.581925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Transmembrane signalling receptors, such as integrins, organise as nanoclusters that are thought to provide several advantages including, increasing avidity, sensitivity (increasing the signal-to-noise ratio) and robustness (signalling above a threshold rather than activation by a single receptor) of the signal compared to signalling by single receptors. Compared to large micron-sized clusters, nanoclusters offer the advantage of rapid turnover for the disassembly of the signal. However, if nanoclusters function as signalling hubs remains poorly understood. Here, we employ fluorescence nanoscopy combined with photoactivation and photobleaching at sub-diffraction limited resolution of ~100nm length scale within a focal adhesion to examine the dynamics of diverse focal adhesion proteins. We show that (i) subregions of focal adhesions are enriched in immobile population of integrin β3 organised as nanoclusters, which (ii) in turn serve to organise nanoclusters of associated key adhesome proteins- vinculin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin, demonstrating that signalling proceeds by formation of nanoclusters rather than through individual proteins. (iii) Distinct focal adhesion protein nanoclusters exhibit distinct dynamics dependent on function. (iv) long-lived nanoclusters function as signalling hubs- wherein phosphorylated FAK and paxillin formed stable nanoclusters in close proximity to immobile integrin nanoclusters which are disassembled in response to inactivation signal by phosphatase PTPN12 (v) signalling takes place in response to an external signal such as force or geometric arrangement of the nanoclusters and when the signal is removed, these nanoclusters disassemble. Taken together, these results demonstrate that signalling downstream of transmembrane receptors is organised as hubs of signalling proteins (FAK, paxillin, vinculin) seeded by nanoclusters of the transmembrane receptor (integrin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Jain
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rida F Minhaj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Molecular Mechanomedicine Program, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rishita Changede
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- TeOra Pte. Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Aretz J, Aziz M, Strohmeyer N, Sattler M, Fässler R. Talin and kindlin use integrin tail allostery and direct binding to activate integrins. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1913-1924. [PMID: 38087085 PMCID: PMC10716038 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Integrin affinity regulation, also termed integrin activation, is essential for metazoan life. Although talin and kindlin binding to the β-integrin cytoplasmic tail is indispensable for integrin activation, it is unknown how they achieve this function. By combining NMR, biochemistry and cell biology techniques, we found that talin and kindlin binding to the β-tail can induce a conformational change that increases talin affinity and decreases kindlin affinity toward it. We also discovered that this asymmetric affinity regulation is accompanied by a direct interaction between talin and kindlin, which promotes simultaneous binding of talin and kindlin to β-tails. Disrupting allosteric communication between the β-tail-binding sites of talin and kindlin or their direct interaction in cells severely compromised integrin functions. These data show how talin and kindlin cooperate to generate a small but critical population of ternary talin-β-integrin-kindlin complexes with high talin-integrin affinity and high dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Aretz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Masood Aziz
- Department of Bioscience, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz Munich, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nico Strohmeyer
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sattler
- Department of Bioscience, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz Munich, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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7
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Jain K, Lim KYE, Sheetz MP, Kanchanawong P, Changede R. Intrinsic self-organization of integrin nanoclusters within focal adhesions is required for cellular mechanotransduction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.567975. [PMID: 38045378 PMCID: PMC10690202 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Upon interaction with the extracellular matrix, the integrin receptors form nanoclusters as a first biochemical response to ligand binding. Here, we uncover a critical biodesign principle where these nanoclusters are spatially self-organized, facilitating effective mechanotransduction. Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs) with integrin β3 nanoclusters organized themselves with an intercluster distance of ∼550 nm on uniformly coated fibronectin substrates, leading to larger focal adhesions. We determined that this spatial organization was driven by cell-intrinsic factors since there was no pre-existing pattern on the substrates. Altering this spatial organization using cyclo-RGD functionalized Titanium nanodiscs (of 100 nm, corroborating to the integrin nanocluster size) spaced at intervals of 300 nm (almost half), 600 nm (normal) or 1000 nm (almost double) resulted in abrogation in mechanotransduction, indicating that a new parameter i.e., an optimal intercluster distance is necessary for downstream function. Overexpression of α-actinin, which induces a kink in the integrin tail, disrupted the establishment of the optimal intercluster distance, while simultaneous co-overexpression of talin head with α-actinin rescued it, indicating a concentration-dependent competition, and that cytoplasmic activation of integrin by talin head is required for the optimal intercluster organization. Additionally, talin head-mediated recruitment of FHOD1 that facilitates local actin polymerization at nanoclusters, and actomyosin contractility were also crucial for establishing the optimal intercluster distance and a robust mechanotransduction response. These findings demonstrate that cell-intrinsic machinery plays a vital role in organizing integrin receptor nanoclusters within focal adhesions, encoding essential information for downstream mechanotransduction signalling.
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8
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Honasoge KS, Karagöz Z, Goult BT, Wolfenson H, LaPointe VLS, Carlier A. Force-dependent focal adhesion assembly and disassembly: A computational study. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011500. [PMID: 37801464 PMCID: PMC10584152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) via cell-ECM adhesions. These physical interactions are transduced into biochemical signals inside the cell which influence cell behaviour. Although cell-ECM interactions have been studied extensively, it is not completely understood how immature (nascent) adhesions develop into mature (focal) adhesions and how mechanical forces influence this process. Given the small size, dynamic nature and short lifetimes of nascent adhesions, studying them using conventional microscopic and experimental techniques is challenging. Computational modelling provides a valuable resource for simulating and exploring various "what if?" scenarios in silico and identifying key molecular components and mechanisms for further investigation. Here, we present a simplified mechano-chemical model based on ordinary differential equations with three major proteins involved in adhesions: integrins, talin and vinculin. Additionally, we incorporate a hypothetical signal molecule that influences adhesion (dis)assembly rates. We find that assembly and disassembly rates need to vary dynamically to limit maturation of nascent adhesions. The model predicts biphasic variation of actin retrograde velocity and maturation fraction with substrate stiffness, with maturation fractions between 18-35%, optimal stiffness of ∼1 pN/nm, and a mechanosensitive range of 1-100 pN/nm, all corresponding to key experimental findings. Sensitivity analyses show robustness of outcomes to small changes in parameter values, allowing model tuning to reflect specific cell types and signaling cascades. The model proposes that signal-dependent disassembly rate variations play an underappreciated role in maturation fraction regulation, which should be investigated further. We also provide predictions on the changes in traction force generation under increased/decreased vinculin concentrations, complementing previous vinculin overexpression/knockout experiments in different cell types. In summary, this work proposes a model framework to robustly simulate the mechanochemical processes underlying adhesion maturation and maintenance, thereby enhancing our fundamental knowledge of cell-ECM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailas Shankar Honasoge
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Zeynep Karagöz
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vanessa L. S. LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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9
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Dobson L, Barrell WB, Seraj Z, Lynham S, Wu SY, Krause M, Liu KJ. GSK3 and lamellipodin balance lamellipodial protrusions and focal adhesion maturation in mouse neural crest migration. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113030. [PMID: 37632751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells are multipotent cells that delaminate from the neuroepithelium, migrating throughout the embryo. Aberrant migration causes developmental defects. Animal models are improving our understanding of neural crest anomalies, but in vivo migration behaviors are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that murine neural crest cells display actin-based lamellipodia and filopodia in vivo. Using neural crest-specific knockouts or inhibitors, we show that the serine-threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and the cytoskeletal regulator lamellipodin (Lpd) are required for lamellipodia formation while preventing focal adhesion maturation. Lpd is a substrate of GSK3, and phosphorylation of Lpd favors interactions with the Scar/WAVE complex (lamellipodia formation) at the expense of VASP and Mena interactions (adhesion maturation and filopodia formation). This improved understanding of cytoskeletal regulation in mammalian neural crest migration has general implications for neural crest anomalies and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dobson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - William B Barrell
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Zahra Seraj
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Steven Lynham
- Centre for Excellence for Mass Spectrometry, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Sheng-Yuan Wu
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Matthias Krause
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Karen J Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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10
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Neumann AJ, Prekeris R. A Rab-bit hole: Rab40 GTPases as new regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1268922. [PMID: 37736498 PMCID: PMC10509765 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1268922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of machinery involved in cell migration is vital to the maintenance of proper organism function. When migration is dysregulated, a variety of phenotypes ranging from developmental disorders to cancer metastasis can occur. One of the primary structures involved in cell migration is the actin cytoskeleton. Actin assembly and disassembly form a variety of dynamic structures which provide the pushing and contractile forces necessary for cells to properly migrate. As such, actin dynamics are tightly regulated. Classically, the Rho family of GTPases are considered the major regulators of the actin cytoskeleton during cell migration. Together, this family establishes polarity in the migrating cell by stimulating the formation of various actin structures in specific cellular locations. However, while the Rho GTPases are acknowledged as the core machinery regulating actin dynamics and cell migration, a variety of other proteins have become established as modulators of actin structures and cell migration. One such group of proteins is the Rab40 family of GTPases, an evolutionarily and functionally unique family of Rabs. Rab40 originated as a single protein in the bilaterians and, through multiple duplication events, expanded to a four-protein family in higher primates. Furthermore, unlike other members of the Rab family, Rab40 proteins contain a C-terminally located suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) box domain. Through the SOCS box, Rab40 proteins interact with Cullin5 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. As a member of this complex, Rab40 ubiquitinates its effectors, controlling their degradation, localization, and activation. Because substrates of the Rab40/Cullin5 complex can play a role in regulating actin structures and cell migration, the Rab40 family of proteins has recently emerged as unique modulators of cell migration machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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11
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Brondolin M, Herzog D, Sultan S, Warburton F, Vigilante A, Knight RD. Migration and differentiation of muscle stem cells are coupled by RhoA signalling during regeneration. Open Biol 2023; 13:230037. [PMID: 37726092 PMCID: PMC10508982 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is highly regenerative and is mediated by a population of migratory adult muscle stem cells (muSCs). Effective muscle regeneration requires a spatio-temporally regulated response of the muSC population to generate sufficient muscle progenitor cells that then differentiate at the appropriate time. The relationship between muSC migration and cell fate is poorly understood and it is not clear how forces experienced by migrating cells affect cell behaviour. We have used zebrafish to understand the relationship between muSC cell adhesion, behaviour and fate in vivo. Imaging of pax7-expressing muSCs as they respond to focal injuries in trunk muscle reveals that they migrate by protrusive-based means. By carefully characterizing their behaviour in response to injury we find that they employ an adhesion-dependent mode of migration that is regulated by the RhoA kinase ROCK. Impaired ROCK activity results in reduced expression of cell cycle genes and increased differentiation in regenerating muscle. This correlates with changes to focal adhesion dynamics and migration, revealing that ROCK inhibition alters the interaction of muSCs to their local environment. We propose that muSC migration and differentiation are coupled processes that respond to changes in force from the environment mediated by RhoA signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Brondolin
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Dylan Herzog
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sami Sultan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Fiona Warburton
- Oral Clinical Research Unit, King's College London, London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Robert D. Knight
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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12
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Kumar S, Stainer A, Dubrulle J, Simpkins C, Cooper JA. Cas phosphorylation regulates focal adhesion assembly. eLife 2023; 12:e90234. [PMID: 37489578 PMCID: PMC10435235 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell attachment rapidly induces tyrosine kinase signaling. Despite years of research, the role of this signaling in integrin activation and focal adhesion assembly is unclear. We provide evidence that the Src-family kinase (SFK) substrate Cas (Crk-associated substrate, p130Cas, BCAR1) is phosphorylated and associated with its Crk/CrkL effectors in clusters that are precursors of focal adhesions. The initial phospho-Cas clusters contain integrin β1 in its inactive, bent closed, conformation. Later, phospho-Cas and total Cas levels decrease as integrin β1 is activated and core focal adhesion proteins including vinculin, talin, kindlin, and paxillin are recruited. Cas is required for cell spreading and focal adhesion assembly in epithelial and fibroblast cells on collagen and fibronectin. Cas cluster formation requires Cas, Crk/CrkL, SFKs, and Rac1 but not vinculin. Rac1 provides positive feedback onto Cas through reactive oxygen, opposed by negative feedback from the ubiquitin proteasome system. The results suggest a two-step model for focal adhesion assembly in which clusters of phospho-Cas, effectors and inactive integrin β1 grow through positive feedback prior to integrin activation and recruitment of core focal adhesion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kumar
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
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13
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Venturini C, Sáez P. A multi-scale clutch model for adhesion complex mechanics. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011250. [PMID: 37450544 PMCID: PMC10393167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-matrix adhesion is a central mechanical function to a large number of phenomena in physiology and disease, including morphogenesis, wound healing, and tumor cell invasion. Today, how single cells respond to different extracellular cues has been comprehensively studied. However, how the mechanical behavior of the main individual molecules that form an adhesion complex cooperatively responds to force within the adhesion complex is still poorly understood. This is a key aspect of cell adhesion because how these cell adhesion molecules respond to force determines not only cell adhesion behavior but, ultimately, cell function. To answer this question, we develop a multi-scale computational model for adhesion complexes mechanics. We extend the classical clutch hypothesis to model individual adhesion chains made of a contractile actin network, a talin rod, and an integrin molecule that binds at individual adhesion sites on the extracellular matrix. We explore several scenarios of integrins dynamics and analyze the effects of diverse extracellular matrices on the behavior of the adhesion molecules and on the whole adhesion complex. Our results describe how every single component of the adhesion chain mechanically responds to the contractile actomyosin force and show how they control the traction forces exerted by the cell on the extracellular space. Importantly, our computational results agree with previous experimental data at the molecular and cellular levels. Our multi-scale clutch model presents a step forward not only to further understand adhesion complexes mechanics but also to impact, e.g., the engineering of biomimetic materials, tissue repairment, or strategies to arrest tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Venturini
- Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric (LaCaN), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Sáez
- Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric (LaCaN), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- E.T.S. de Ingeniería de Caminos, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Matemàtiques de la UPC-BarcelonaTech (IMTech), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Xie W, Wei X, Kang H, Jiang H, Chu Z, Lin Y, Hou Y, Wei Q. Static and Dynamic: Evolving Biomaterial Mechanical Properties to Control Cellular Mechanotransduction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204594. [PMID: 36658771 PMCID: PMC10037983 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic system that constantly offers physical, biological, and chemical signals to embraced cells. Increasing evidence suggests that mechanical signals derived from the dynamic cellular microenvironment are essential controllers of cell behaviors. Conventional cell culture biomaterials, with static mechanical properties such as chemistry, topography, and stiffness, have offered a fundamental understanding of various vital biochemical and biophysical processes, such as cell adhesion, spreading, migration, growth, and differentiation. At present, novel biomaterials that can spatiotemporally impart biophysical cues to manipulate cell fate are emerging. The dynamic properties and adaptive traits of new materials endow them with the ability to adapt to cell requirements and enhance cell functions. In this review, an introductory overview of the key players essential to mechanobiology is provided. A biophysical perspective on the state-of-the-art manipulation techniques and novel materials in designing static and dynamic ECM-mimicking biomaterials is taken. In particular, different static and dynamic mechanical cues in regulating cellular mechanosensing and functions are compared. This review to benefit the development of engineering biomechanical systems regulating cell functions is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Xie
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610065China
| | - Xi Wei
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841South Korea
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610065China
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Joint Appointment with School of Biomedical Sciences)The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
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15
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Geiger B, Boujemaa-Paterski R, Winograd-Katz SE, Balan Venghateri J, Chung WL, Medalia O. The Actin Network Interfacing Diverse Integrin-Mediated Adhesions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020294. [PMID: 36830665 PMCID: PMC9953007 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interface between the cellular actin network and diverse forms of integrin-mediated cell adhesions displays a unique capacity to serve as accurate chemical and mechanical sensors of the cell's microenvironment. Focal adhesion-like structures of diverse cell types, podosomes in osteoclasts, and invadopodia of invading cancer cells display distinct morphologies and apparent functions. Yet, all three share a similar composition and mode of coupling between a protrusive structure (the lamellipodium, the core actin bundle of the podosome, and the invadopodia protrusion, respectively), and a nearby adhesion site. Cytoskeletal or external forces, applied to the adhesion sites, trigger a cascade of unfolding and activation of key adhesome components (e.g., talin, vinculin, integrin), which in turn, trigger the assembly of adhesion sites and generation of adhesion-mediated signals that affect cell behavior and fate. The structural and molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic crosstalk between the actin cytoskeleton and the adhesome network are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (O.M.)
| | - Rajaa Boujemaa-Paterski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabina E. Winograd-Katz
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jubina Balan Venghateri
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Wen-Lu Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (O.M.)
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16
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Mana G, Valdembri D, Askari JA, Li Z, Caswell P, Zhu C, Humphries MJ, Ballestrem C, Serini G. The βI domain promotes active β1 integrin clustering into mature adhesion sites. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201388. [PMID: 36410791 PMCID: PMC9679427 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of integrin function is required in many physiological and pathological settings, such as angiogenesis and cancer. Integrin allosteric changes, clustering, and trafficking cooperate to regulate cell adhesion and motility on extracellular matrix proteins via mechanisms that are partly defined. By exploiting four monoclonal antibodies recognizing distinct conformational epitopes, we show that in endothelial cells (ECs), the extracellular βI domain, but not the hybrid or I-EGF2 domain of active β1 integrins, promotes their FAK-regulated clustering into tensin 1-containing fibrillar adhesions and impairs their endocytosis. In this regard, the βI domain-dependent clustering of active β1 integrins is necessary to favor fibronectin-elicited directional EC motility, which cannot be effectively promoted by β1 integrin conformational activation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mana
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Donatella Valdembri
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Janet A Askari
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Zhenhai Li
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patrick Caswell
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Guido Serini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
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17
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Kanchanawong P, Calderwood DA. Organization, dynamics and mechanoregulation of integrin-mediated cell-ECM adhesions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:142-161. [PMID: 36168065 PMCID: PMC9892292 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of animal cells to sense, adhere to and remodel their local extracellular matrix (ECM) is central to control of cell shape, mechanical responsiveness, motility and signalling, and hence to development, tissue formation, wound healing and the immune response. Cell-ECM interactions occur at various specialized, multi-protein adhesion complexes that serve to physically link the ECM to the cytoskeleton and the intracellular signalling apparatus. This occurs predominantly via clustered transmembrane receptors of the integrin family. Here we review how the interplay of mechanical forces, biochemical signalling and molecular self-organization determines the composition, organization, mechanosensitivity and dynamics of these adhesions. Progress in the identification of core multi-protein modules within the adhesions and characterization of rearrangements of their components in response to force, together with advanced imaging approaches, has improved understanding of adhesion maturation and turnover and the relationships between adhesion structures and functions. Perturbations of adhesion contribute to a broad range of diseases and to age-related dysfunction, thus an improved understanding of their molecular nature may facilitate therapeutic intervention in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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18
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Pang X, He X, Qiu Z, Zhang H, Xie R, Liu Z, Gu Y, Zhao N, Xiang Q, Cui Y. Targeting integrin pathways: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:1. [PMID: 36588107 PMCID: PMC9805914 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are considered the main cell-adhesion transmembrane receptors that play multifaceted roles as extracellular matrix (ECM)-cytoskeletal linkers and transducers in biochemical and mechanical signals between cells and their environment in a wide range of states in health and diseases. Integrin functions are dependable on a delicate balance between active and inactive status via multiple mechanisms, including protein-protein interactions, conformational changes, and trafficking. Due to their exposure on the cell surface and sensitivity to the molecular blockade, integrins have been investigated as pharmacological targets for nearly 40 years, but given the complexity of integrins and sometimes opposite characteristics, targeting integrin therapeutics has been a challenge. To date, only seven drugs targeting integrins have been successfully marketed, including abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban, natalizumab, vedolizumab, lifitegrast, and carotegrast. Currently, there are approximately 90 kinds of integrin-based therapeutic drugs or imaging agents in clinical studies, including small molecules, antibodies, synthetic mimic peptides, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, imaging agents, etc. A serious lesson from past integrin drug discovery and research efforts is that successes rely on both a deep understanding of integrin-regulatory mechanisms and unmet clinical needs. Herein, we provide a systematic and complete review of all integrin family members and integrin-mediated downstream signal transduction to highlight ongoing efforts to develop new therapies/diagnoses from bench to clinic. In addition, we further discuss the trend of drug development, how to improve the success rate of clinical trials targeting integrin therapies, and the key points for clinical research, basic research, and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Pang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xu He
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Hanxu Zhang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xie
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yanlun Gu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
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19
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Ji Y, Fang Y, Wu J. Tension Enhances the Binding Affinity of β1 Integrin by Clamping Talin Tightly: An Insight from Steered Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:5688-5698. [PMID: 36269690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrin activation is a predominant step for cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. Talin and Kindlin are mechanosensitive adaptor proteins that bind to the integrin cytoplasmic tail and mediate integrin activation, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and focal adhesion assembly. However, knowledge about how Talin and Kindlin synergistically assist integrin activation remains unclear. Here, we performed so-called "ramp-clamp" SMD simulations, which modeled the mechanosignaling from Kindlin, to investigate the effect of tension on the interaction of the β1 integrin cytoplasmic tail with the Talin-F3 domain. The present results showed that mild but not excessive stretching enhanced the binding of integrin with Talin. This mechanical regulation on integrin affinity to Talin referred to an event cascade, in which under stretching, the integrin cytoplasmic tail adopted allostery in response to the mechanical stimulus, remodeling of integrin in favor of Talin-association ensued, and finally, a stable, close-knit complex was formed. In the cascade, the torsion angle transition of integrin was the cue for the stable interaction of the complex under tensile force. The present work suggested a model for Talin and Kindlin to synergistically activate integrin. It should help understand integrin activation and its mechanochemical regulation mechanism, integrin-related innate cellular immune responses, cell adhesion, cell-cell interaction, and integrin-related drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Ji
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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20
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Wen L, Lyu Q, Ley K, Goult BT. Structural Basis of β2 Integrin Inside—Out Activation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193039. [PMID: 36231001 PMCID: PMC9564206 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β2 integrins are expressed on all leukocytes. Precise regulation of the β2 integrin is critical for leukocyte adhesion and trafficking. In neutrophils, β2 integrins participate in slow rolling. When activated by inside–out signaling, fully activated β2 integrins mediate rapid leukocyte arrest and adhesion. The two activation pathways, starting with selectin ligand engagement and chemokine receptor ligation, respectively, converge on phosphoinositide 3-kinase, talin-1, kindlin-3 and Rap1. Here, we focus on recent structural insights into autoinhibited talin-1 and autoinhibited trimeric kindlin-3. When activated, both talin-1 and kindlin-3 can bind the β2 cytoplasmic tail at separate but adjacent sites. We discuss possible pathways for talin-1 and kindlin-3 activation, recruitment to the plasma membrane, and their role in integrin activation. We propose new models of the final steps of integrin activation involving the complex of talin-1, kindlin-3, integrin and the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89577, USA
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qingkang Lyu
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1227-816-142
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21
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Ain U, Firdaus H. Parvin: A hub of intracellular signalling pathways regulating cellular behaviour and disease progression. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151935. [PMID: 35932544 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
α-actinin superfamily houses the family of parvins, comprising α, β and γ isoforms in the vertebrates and a single orthologue in the invertebrates. Parvin as an adaptor protein is a member of the ternary IPP-complex including Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK) and particularly-interesting-Cys-His-rich protein (PINCH). Each of the complex proteins showed a conserved lineage and was principally used by the evolutionarily primitive integrin-adhesome machinery to regulate cellular behaviour and signalling pathways. Parvin facilitated integrin mediated integration of the extracellular matrix with cytoskeletal framework culminating in regulation of cellular adhesion and spreading, cytoskeleton reorganisation and cell survival. Studies have established role of parvin in pregnancy, lactation, matrix degradation, blood vessel formation and in several diseases such as cancer, NAFLD and cardiac diseases etc. This review narrates the history of parvin discovery, its elaborate gene structure and conservation across phyla including cellular expression, localisation and interacting partners in vertebrates as well as invertebrates. The review further discusses how parvin acts as an epicentre of signalling pathways, its associated mutants and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushashi Ain
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, CTI Campus, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Ranchi 835205, India
| | - Hena Firdaus
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, CTI Campus, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Ranchi 835205, India.
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22
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Ma Z, Zhu K, Gao Y, Tan S, Miao Y. Molecular condensation and mechanoregulation of plant class I formin, an integrin‐like actin nucleator. FEBS J 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Kexin Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Yong‐Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Suet‐Mien Tan
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
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23
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Yamaguchi N, Knaut H. Focal adhesion-mediated cell anchoring and migration: from in vitro to in vivo. Development 2022; 149:275460. [PMID: 35587444 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell-extracellular matrix interactions have been studied extensively using cells cultured in vitro. These studies indicate that focal adhesion (FA)-based cell-extracellular matrix interactions are essential for cell anchoring and cell migration. Whether FAs play a similarly important role in vivo is less clear. Here, we summarize the formation and function of FAs in cultured cells and review how FAs transmit and sense force in vitro. Using examples from animal studies, we also describe the role of FAs in cell anchoring during morphogenetic movements and cell migration in vivo. Finally, we conclude by discussing similarities and differences in how FAs function in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Yamaguchi
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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24
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Case LB, De Pasquale M, Henry L, Rosen MK. Synergistic phase separation of two pathways promotes integrin clustering and nascent adhesion formation. eLife 2022; 11:e72588. [PMID: 35049497 PMCID: PMC8791637 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) are integrin-based plasma-membrane-associated compartments where cells sense environmental cues. The physical mechanisms and molecular interactions that mediate initial IAC formation are unclear. We found that both p130Cas ('Cas') and Focal adhesion kinase ('FAK') undergo liquid-liquid phase separation in vitro under physiologic conditions. Cas- and FAK- driven phase separation is sufficient to reconstitute kindlin-dependent integrin clustering in vitro with recombinant mammalian proteins. In vitro condensates and IACs in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit similar sensitivities to environmental perturbations including changes in temperature and pH. Furthermore, mutations that inhibit or enhance phase separation in vitro reduce or increase the number of IACs in MEFs, respectively. Finally, we find that the Cas and FAK pathways act synergistically to promote phase separation, integrin clustering, IAC formation and partitioning of key components in vitro and in cells. We propose that Cas- and FAK-driven phase separation provides an intracellular trigger for integrin clustering and nascent IAC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Case
- Department of Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Milagros De Pasquale
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Lisa Henry
- Department of Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Michael K Rosen
- Department of Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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25
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Orré T, Joly A, Karatas Z, Kastberger B, Cabriel C, Böttcher RT, Lévêque-Fort S, Sibarita JB, Fässler R, Wehrle-Haller B, Rossier O, Giannone G. Molecular motion and tridimensional nanoscale localization of kindlin control integrin activation in focal adhesions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3104. [PMID: 34035280 PMCID: PMC8149821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) initiate chemical and mechanical signals involved in cell polarity, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Super-resolution microscopy revealed that FAs are organized at the nanoscale into functional layers from the lower plasma membrane to the upper actin cytoskeleton. Yet, how FAs proteins are guided into specific nano-layers to promote interaction with given targets is unknown. Using single protein tracking, super-resolution microscopy and functional assays, we link the molecular behavior and 3D nanoscale localization of kindlin with its function in integrin activation inside FAs. We show that immobilization of integrins in FAs depends on interaction with kindlin. Unlike talin, kindlin displays free diffusion along the plasma membrane outside and inside FAs. We demonstrate that the kindlin Pleckstrin Homology domain promotes membrane diffusion and localization to the membrane-proximal integrin nano-layer, necessary for kindlin enrichment and function in FAs. Using kindlin-deficient cells, we show that kindlin membrane localization and diffusion are crucial for integrin activation, cell spreading and FAs formation. Thus, kindlin uses a different route than talin to reach and activate integrins, providing a possible molecular basis for their complementarity during integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Orré
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adrien Joly
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR, Bordeaux, France
| | - Zeynep Karatas
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR, Bordeaux, France
| | - Birgit Kastberger
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Clément Cabriel
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, CNRS UMR8214, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, Cedex, France
| | | | - Sandrine Lévêque-Fort
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, CNRS UMR8214, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sibarita
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Rossier
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Grégory Giannone
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR, Bordeaux, France.
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26
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Schumacher S, Vazquez Nunez R, Biertümpfel C, Mizuno N. Bottom-up reconstitution of focal adhesion complexes. FEBS J 2021; 289:3360-3373. [PMID: 33999507 PMCID: PMC9290908 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FA) are large macromolecular assemblies relevant for various cellular and pathological events such as migration, polarization, and metastatic cancer formation. At FA sites at the migrating periphery of a cell, hundreds of players gather and form a network to respond to extra cellular stimuli transmitted by the integrin receptor, the most upstream component within a cell, initiating the FA signaling pathway. Numerous cellular experiments have been performed to understand the FA architecture and functions; however, their intricate network formation hampers unraveling the precise molecular actions of individual players. Here, in vitro bottom‐up reconstitution presents an advantageous approach for elucidating the FA machinery and the hierarchical crosstalk of involved cellular players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schumacher
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Roberto Vazquez Nunez
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian Biertümpfel
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naoko Mizuno
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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27
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Mishra YG, Manavathi B. Focal adhesion dynamics in cellular function and disease. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110046. [PMID: 34004332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acting as a bridge between the cytoskeleton of the cell and the extra cellular matrix (ECM), the cell-ECM adhesions with integrins at their core, play a major role in cell signalling to direct mechanotransduction, cell migration, cell cycle progression, proliferation, differentiation, growth and repair. Biochemically, these adhesions are composed of diverse, yet an organised group of structural proteins, receptors, adaptors, various enzymes including protein kinases, phosphatases, GTPases, proteases, etc. as well as scaffolding molecules. The major integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) characterised are focal adhesions (FAs), invadosomes (podosomes and invadopodia), hemidesmosomes (HDs) and reticular adhesions (RAs). The varied composition and regulation of the IACs and their signalling, apart from being an integral part of normal cell survival, has been shown to be of paramount importance in various developmental and pathological processes. This review per-illustrates the recent advancements in the research of IACs, their crucial roles in normal as well as diseased states. We have also touched on few of the various methods that have been developed over the years to visualise IACs, measure the forces they exert and study their signalling and molecular composition. Having such pertinent roles in the context of various pathologies, these IACs need to be understood and studied to develop therapeutical targets. We have given an update to the studies done in recent years and described various techniques which have been applied to study these structures, thereby, providing context in furthering research with respect to IAC targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaswi Gayatri Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Bramanandam Manavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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28
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Phosphorylation of Kindlins and the Control of Integrin Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040825. [PMID: 33916922 PMCID: PMC8067640 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins serve as conduits for the transmission of information between cells and their extracellular environment. Signaling across integrins is bidirectional, transducing both inside-out and outside-signaling. Integrin activation, a transition from a low affinity/avidity state to a high affinity/avidity state for cognate ligands, is an outcome of inside-signaling. Such activation is particularly important for the recognition of soluble ligands by blood cells but also influences cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Integrin activation depends on a complex series of interactions, which both accelerate and inhibit their interconversion from the low to the high affinity/avidity state. There are three components regarded as being most proximately involved in integrin activation: the integrin cytoplasmic tails, talins and kindlins. The participation of each of these molecules in integrin activation is highly regulated by post-translation modifications. The importance of targeted phosphorylation of integrin cytoplasmic tails and talins in integrin activation is well-established, but much less is known about the role of post-translational modification of kindlins. The kindlins, a three-member family of 4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin (FERM)-domain proteins in mammals, bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrin beta subunits. This commentary provides a synopsis of the emerging evidence for the role of kindlin phosphorylation in integrin regulation.
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29
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Han SJ, Azarova EV, Whitewood AJ, Bachir A, Guttierrez E, Groisman A, Horwitz AR, Goult BT, Dean KM, Danuser G. Pre-complexation of talin and vinculin without tension is required for efficient nascent adhesion maturation. eLife 2021; 10:66151. [PMID: 33783351 PMCID: PMC8009661 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Talin and vinculin are mechanosensitive proteins that are recruited early to integrin-based nascent adhesions (NAs). In two epithelial cell systems with well-delineated NA formation, we find these molecules concurrently recruited to the subclass of NAs maturing to focal adhesions. After the initial recruitment under minimal load, vinculin accumulates in maturing NAs at a ~ fivefold higher rate than in non-maturing NAs, and is accompanied by a faster traction force increase. We identify the R8 domain in talin, which exposes a vinculin-binding-site (VBS) in the absence of load, as required for NA maturation. Disruption of R8 domain function reduces load-free vinculin binding to talin, and reduces the rate of additional vinculin recruitment. Taken together, these data show that the concurrent recruitment of talin and vinculin prior to mechanical engagement with integrins is essential for the traction-mediated unfolding of talin, exposure of additional VBSs, further recruitment of vinculin, and ultimately, NA maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyoon J Han
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, United States
| | - Evgenia V Azarova
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | | | - Alexia Bachir
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Edgar Guttierrez
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Alex Groisman
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Alan R Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Dean
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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30
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Wen L, Marki A, Roy P, McArdle S, Sun H, Fan Z, Gingras AR, Ginsberg MH, Ley K. Kindlin-3 recruitment to the plasma membrane precedes high-affinity β2-integrin and neutrophil arrest from rolling. Blood 2021; 137:29-38. [PMID: 32777822 PMCID: PMC7808012 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated neutrophil adhesion starts by arrest from rolling. Activation of integrins involves conformational changes from an inactive, bent conformation to an extended conformation (E+) with high affinity for ligand binding (H+). The cytoplasmic protein kindlin-3 is necessary for leukocyte adhesion; mutations of kindlin-3 cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 3. Kindlin-3 binds the β2-integrin cytoplasmic tail at a site distinct from talin-1, but the molecular mechanism by which kindlin-3 activates β2-integrins is unknown. In this study, we measured the spatiotemporal dynamics of kindlin-3 and β2-integrin conformation changes during neutrophil and HL-60 cell rolling and arrest under flow. Using high-resolution quantitative dynamic footprinting microscopy and kindlin-3-fluorescent protein (FP) fusion proteins, we found that kindlin-3 was recruited to the plasma membrane in response to interleukin-8 (IL-8) before induction of the H+ β2-integrin conformation. Intravital imaging revealed that EGFP-kindlin-3-reconstituted, kindlin-3-knockout neutrophils arrest in vivo in response to CXCL1. EGFP-kindlin-3 in primary mouse neutrophils was also recruited to the plasma membrane before arrest. Upon arrest, we found small clusters of high-affinity β2-integrin molecules within large areas of membrane-proximal kindlin-3 FP. Deletion of kindlin-3 or its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells completely abolished H+ β2-integrin induction. IL-8 also triggered recruitment of the isolated kindlin-3 PH domain to the plasma membrane before arrest. In summary, we showed that the kindlin-3 PH domain is necessary for recruitment to the plasma membrane, where full-length kindlin-3 is indispensable for the induction of high-affinity β2-integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wen
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology and
| | | | - Payel Roy
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology and
| | - Sara McArdle
- Microscopy Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology and
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT; and
| | | | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology and
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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31
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Abstract
Cell-surface adhesion receptors mediate interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) to control many fundamental aspects of cell behavior, including cell migration, survival, and proliferation. Integrin adhesion receptors recruit structural and signaling proteins to form multimolecular adhesion complexes that link the plasma membrane to the actomyosin cytoskeleton. The assembly and turnover of adhesion complexes are tightly regulated, governed in part by the networks of physical protein interactions and functional signaling associations between components of the adhesome. Proteomic profiling of adhesion complexes has begun to reveal their molecular complexity and diversity. To interrogate the composition of cell-ECM adhesions, we detail herein an approach for the network analysis of adhesion complex proteomes. Integration of these proteomic data with adhesome databases in the context of predicted protein interactions enables the mapping of experimentally defined adhesion complex networks. Computational analysis of resultant network models can identify subnetworks of putative functionally linked adhesion protein communities. This approach provides a framework to predict functional adhesion protein relationships and generate new mechanistic hypotheses for further experimental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Li Mow Chee
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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32
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Zhu L, Plow EF, Qin J. Initiation of focal adhesion assembly by talin and kindlin: A dynamic view. Protein Sci 2020; 30:531-542. [PMID: 33336515 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are integrin-containing protein complexes regulated by a network of hundreds of protein-protein interactions. They are formed in a spatiotemporal manner upon the activation of integrin transmembrane receptors, which is crucial to trigger cell adhesion and many other cellular processes including cell migration, spreading and proliferation. Despite decades of studies, a detailed molecular level understanding on how FAs are organized and function is lacking due to their highly complex and dynamic nature. However, advances have been made on studying key integrin activators, talin and kindlin, and their associated proteins, which are major components of nascent FAs critical for initiating the assembly of mature FAs. This review will discuss the structural and functional findings of talin and kindlin and their immediate interaction network, which will shed light upon the architecture of nascent FAs and how they act as seeds for FA assembly to dynamically regulate diverse adhesion-dependent physiological and pathological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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33
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D'Urso M, Kurniawan NA. Mechanical and Physical Regulation of Fibroblast-Myofibroblast Transition: From Cellular Mechanoresponse to Tissue Pathology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:609653. [PMID: 33425874 PMCID: PMC7793682 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.609653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are cells present throughout the human body that are primarily responsible for the production and maintenance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the tissues. They have the capability to modify the mechanical properties of the ECM within the tissue and transition into myofibroblasts, a cell type that is associated with the development of fibrotic tissue through an acute increase of cell density and protein deposition. This transition from fibroblast to myofibroblast-a well-known cellular hallmark of the pathological state of tissues-and the environmental stimuli that can induce this transition have received a lot of attention, for example in the contexts of asthma and cardiac fibrosis. Recent efforts in understanding how cells sense their physical environment at the micro- and nano-scales have ushered in a new appreciation that the substrates on which the cells adhere provide not only passive influence, but also active stimulus that can affect fibroblast activation. These studies suggest that mechanical interactions at the cell-substrate interface play a key role in regulating this phenotype transition by changing the mechanical and morphological properties of the cells. Here, we briefly summarize the reported chemical and physical cues regulating fibroblast phenotype. We then argue that a better understanding of how cells mechanically interact with the substrate (mechanosensing) and how this influences cell behaviors (mechanotransduction) using well-defined platforms that decouple the physical stimuli from the chemical ones can provide a powerful tool to control the balance between physiological tissue regeneration and pathological fibrotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko D'Urso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A. Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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34
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Henning Stumpf B, Ambriović-Ristov A, Radenovic A, Smith AS. Recent Advances and Prospects in the Research of Nascent Adhesions. Front Physiol 2020; 11:574371. [PMID: 33343382 PMCID: PMC7746844 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.574371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nascent adhesions are submicron transient structures promoting the early adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix. Nascent adhesions typically consist of several tens of integrins, and serve as platforms for the recruitment and activation of proteins to build mature focal adhesions. They are also associated with early stage signaling and the mechanoresponse. Despite their crucial role in sampling the local extracellular matrix, very little is known about the mechanism of their formation. Consequently, there is a strong scientific activity focused on elucidating the physical and biochemical foundation of their development and function. Precisely the results of this effort will be summarized in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Henning Stumpf
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana-Sunčana Smith
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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35
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Boujemaa-Paterski R, Martins B, Eibauer M, Beales CT, Geiger B, Medalia O. Talin-activated vinculin interacts with branched actin networks to initiate bundles. eLife 2020; 9:e53990. [PMID: 33185186 PMCID: PMC7682986 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinculin plays a fundamental role in integrin-mediated cell adhesion. Activated by talin, it interacts with diverse adhesome components, enabling mechanical coupling between the actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. Here we studied the interactions of activated full-length vinculin with actin and the way it regulates the organization and dynamics of the Arp2/3 complex-mediated branched actin network. Through a combination of surface patterning and light microscopy experiments we show that vinculin can bundle dendritic actin networks through rapid binding and filament crosslinking. We show that vinculin promotes stable but flexible actin bundles having a mixed-polarity organization, as confirmed by cryo-electron tomography. Adhesion-like synthetic design of vinculin activation by surface-bound talin revealed that clustered vinculin can initiate and immobilize bundles from mobile Arp2/3-branched networks. Our results provide a molecular basis for coordinate actin bundle formation at nascent adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa Boujemaa-Paterski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Université Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Bruno Martins
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Matthias Eibauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Charlie T Beales
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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36
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Moody JC, Qadota H, Reedy AR, Okafor CD, Shanmugan N, Matsunaga Y, Christian CJ, Ortlund EA, Benian GM. The Rho-GEF PIX-1 directs assembly or stability of lateral attachment structures between muscle cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5010. [PMID: 33024114 PMCID: PMC7538588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PIX proteins are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that activate Rac and Cdc42, and are known to have numerous functions in various cell types. Here, we show that a PIX protein has an important function in muscle. From a genetic screen in C. elegans, we found that pix-1 is required for the assembly of integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) at borders between muscle cells, and is required for locomotion of the animal. A pix-1 null mutant has a reduced level of activated Rac in muscle. PIX-1 localizes to IACs at muscle cell boundaries, M-lines and dense bodies. Mutations in genes encoding proteins at known steps of the PIX signaling pathway show defects at muscle cell boundaries. A missense mutation in a highly conserved residue in the RacGEF domain results in normal levels of PIX-1 protein, but a reduced level of activated Rac in muscle, and abnormal IACs at muscle cell boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine C Moody
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Hiroshi Qadota
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - April R Reedy
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - C Denise Okafor
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Niveda Shanmugan
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yohei Matsunaga
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Guy M Benian
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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37
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The Architecture of Talin1 Reveals an Autoinhibition Mechanism. Cell 2020; 179:120-131.e13. [PMID: 31539492 PMCID: PMC6856716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are protein machineries essential for cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Talin is an integrin-activating and tension-sensing FA component directly connecting integrins in the plasma membrane with the actomyosin cytoskeleton. To understand how talin function is regulated, we determined a cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of full-length talin1 revealing a two-way mode of autoinhibition. The actin-binding rod domains fold into a 15-nm globular arrangement that is interlocked by the integrin-binding FERM head. In turn, the rod domains R9 and R12 shield access of the FERM domain to integrin and the phospholipid PIP2 at the membrane. This mechanism likely ensures synchronous inhibition of integrin, membrane, and cytoskeleton binding. We also demonstrate that compacted talin1 reversibly unfolds to an ∼60-nm string-like conformation, revealing interaction sites for vinculin and actin. Our data explain how fast switching between active and inactive conformations of talin could regulate FA turnover, a process critical for cell adhesion and signaling. The structure of the autoinhibited human full-length talin1 was analyzed by cryo-EM Talin1 reversibly changes between a 15-nm closed and a ∼60-nm open conformation Rod R9/R12 and FERM domains synchronously shield membrane and cytoskeleton binding F-Actin and vinculin binding to talin is regulated by the opening of talin
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38
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Rohena C, Kalogriopoulos N, Rajapakse N, Roy S, Lopez-Sanchez I, Ablack J, Sahoo D, Ghosh P. GIV•Kindlin Interaction Is Required for Kindlin-Mediated Integrin Recognition and Activation. iScience 2020; 23:101209. [PMID: 32535026 PMCID: PMC7300163 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells perceive and respond to the extracellular matrix via integrin receptors; their dysregulation has been implicated in inflammation and cancer metastasis. Here we show that a guanine nucleotide-exchange modulator of trimeric-GTPase Gαi, GIV (a.k.a Girdin), directly binds the integrin adaptor Kindlin-2. A non-canonical short linear motif within the C terminus of GIV binds Kindlin-2-FERM3 domain at a site that is distinct from the binding site for the canonical NPxY motif on the -integrin tail. Binding of GIV to Kindlin-2 allosterically enhances Kindlin-2's affinity for β1-integrin. Consequently, integrin activation and clustering are maximized, which augments cell adhesion, spreading, and invasion. Findings elucidate how the GIV•Kindlin-2 complex has a 2-fold impact: it allosterically synergizes integrin activation and enables β1-integrins to indirectly access and modulate trimeric GTPases via the complex. Furthermore, Cox proportional-hazard models on tumor transcriptomics provide trans-scale evidence of synergistic interactions between GIV•Kindlin-2•β1-integrin on time to progression to metastasis. GIV and Kindlin (K2), two integrin adaptors that promote metastasis, bind each other Binding of GIV or integrin to K2 allosterically enhances GIV•K2•integrin complexes Binding is required for the maximal recruitment of GIV and K2 to active integrins Binding facilitates integrin clustering, activation, tumor cell adhesion, invasion
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rohena
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 239, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas Kalogriopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 239, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Navin Rajapakse
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Inmaculada Lopez-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 239, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jailal Ablack
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 239, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Rebecca and John Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 239, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Rebecca and John Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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Zheng H, Tian Y, Gao Q, Yu Y, Xia X, Feng Z, Dong F, Wu X, Sui L. Hierarchical Micro-Nano Topography Promotes Cell Adhesion and Osteogenic Differentiation via Integrin α2-PI3K-AKT Signaling Axis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:463. [PMID: 32509748 PMCID: PMC7248375 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface topography dictates important aspects of cell biological behaviors. In our study, hierarchical micro-nano topography (SLM-AHT) with micro-scale grooves and nano-scale pores was fabricated and compared with smooth topography (S) and irregular micro-scale topography (SLA) surfaces to investigate mechanism involved in cell-surface interactions. Integrin α2 had a higher expression level on SLM-AHT surface compared with S and SLA surfaces, and the expression levels of osteogenic markers icluding Runx2, Col1a1, and Ocn were concomitantly upregulated on SLM-AHT surface. Moreover, formation of mature focal adhesions were significantly enhanced in SLM-AHT group. Noticablely, silencing integrin α2 could wipe out the difference of osteogenic gene expression among surfaces with different topography, indicating a crucial role of integrin α2 in topography induced osteogenic differentiation. In addition, PI3K-AKT signaling was proved to be regulated by integrin α2 and consequently participate in this process. Taken together, our findings illustrated that integrin α2-PI3K-AKT signaling axis plays a key role in hierarchical micro-nano topography promoting cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zheng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujuan Tian
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Health Science Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianyou Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhipeng Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Sui
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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P 0-Related Protein Accelerates Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Migration by Modulating VLA-5 Interactions with Fibronectin. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051100. [PMID: 32365526 PMCID: PMC7290418 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
P0-related protein (PZR), a Noonan and LEOPARD syndrome target, is a member of the transmembrane Immunoglobulin superfamily. Its cytoplasmic tail contains two immune-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs), implicated in adhesion-dependent signaling and regulating cell adhesion and motility. PZR promotes cell migration on the extracellular matrix (ECM) molecule, fibronectin, by interacting with SHP-2 (Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2), a molecule essential for skeletal development and often mutated in Noonan and LEOPARD syndrome patients sharing overlapping musculoskeletal abnormalities and cardiac defects. To further explore the role of PZR, we assessed the expression of PZR and its ITIM-less isoform, PZRb, in human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM MSC), and its ability to facilitate adhesion to and spreading and migration on various ECM molecules. Furthermore, using siRNA knockdown, confocal microscopy, and immunoprecipitation assays, we assessed PZR and PZRb interactions with β1 integrins. PZR was the predominant isoform in hBM MSC. Migrating hBM MSCs interacted most effectively with fibronectin and required the association of PZR, but not PZRb, with the integrin, VLA-5(α5β1), leading to modulation of focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and vinculin levels. This raises the possibility that dysregulation of PZR function may modify hBM MSC migratory behavior, potentially contributing to skeletal abnormalities.
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Miller AE, Hu P, Barker TH. Feeling Things Out: Bidirectional Signaling of the Cell-ECM Interface, Implications in the Mechanobiology of Cell Spreading, Migration, Proliferation, and Differentiation. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901445. [PMID: 32037719 PMCID: PMC7274903 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical cues stemming from the extracellular environment are rapidly transduced into discernible chemical messages (mechanotransduction) that direct cellular activities-placing the extracellular matrix (ECM) as a potent regulator of cell behavior. Dynamic reciprocity between the cell and its associated matrix is essential to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and dysregulation of both ECM mechanical signaling, via pathological ECM turnover, and internal mechanotransduction pathways contribute to disease progression. This review covers the current understandings of the key modes of signaling used by both the cell and ECM to coregulate one another. By taking an outside-in approach, the inherent complexities and regulatory processes at each level of signaling (ECM, plasma membrane, focal adhesion, and cytoplasm) are captured to give a comprehensive picture of the internal and external mechanoregulatory environment. Specific emphasis is placed on the focal adhesion complex which acts as a central hub of mechanical signaling, regulating cell spreading, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. In addition, a wealth of available knowledge on mechanotransduction is curated to generate an integrated signaling network encompassing the central components of the focal adhesion, cytoplasm and nucleus that act in concert to promote durotaxis, proliferation, and differentiation in a stiffness-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd. MR5 1225, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd. MR5 1225, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Thomas H Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd. MR5 1225, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
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Starich MR, Tjandra N. The Kindlin Outside Connection. Structure 2020; 27:1615-1616. [PMID: 31693910 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane integrin bridges the extracellular and intracellular environments and is activated by focal adhesion proteins, talin and kindlin. Activated integrin engages ligands from the extracellular matrix and controls intracellular responses. In this issue of Structure, Zhu et al. (2019) describe an initial step involving recruitment of paxillin by ubiquitin-like kindlin-2 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Starich
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nico Tjandra
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Khan RB, Goult BT. Adhesions Assemble!-Autoinhibition as a Major Regulatory Mechanism of Integrin-Mediated Adhesion. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:144. [PMID: 31921890 PMCID: PMC6927945 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of cell-cell and cell-extracellular adhesion enabled cells to interact in a coherent manner, forming larger structures and giving rise to the development of tissues, organs and complex multicellular life forms. The development of such organisms required tight regulation of dynamic adhesive structures by signaling pathways that coordinate cell attachment. Integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix provides cells with support, survival signals and context-dependent cues that enable cells to run different cellular programs. One mysterious aspect of the process is how hundreds of proteins assemble seemingly spontaneously onto the activated integrin. An emerging concept is that adhesion assembly is regulated by autoinhibition of key proteins, a highly dynamic event that is modulated by a variety of signaling events. By enabling precise control of the activation state of proteins, autoinhibition enables localization of inactive proteins and the formation of pre-complexes. In response to the correct signals, these proteins become active and interact with other proteins, ultimately leading to development of cell-matrix junctions. Autoinhibition of key components of such adhesion complexes—including core components integrin, talin, vinculin, and FAK and important peripheral regulators such as RIAM, Src, and DLC1—leads to a view that the majority of proteins involved in complex assembly might be regulated by intramolecular interactions. Autoinhibition is relieved via multiple different signals including post-translation modification and proteolysis. More recently, mechanical forces have been shown to stabilize and increase the lifetimes of active conformations, identifying autoinhibition as a means of encoding mechanosensitivity. The complexity and scope for nuanced adhesion dynamics facilitated via autoinhibition provides numerous points of regulation. In this review, we discuss what is known about this mode of regulation and how it leads to rapid and tightly controlled assembly and disassembly of cell-matrix adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejina B Khan
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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Changede R, Cai H, Wind SJ, Sheetz MP. Integrin nanoclusters can bridge thin matrix fibres to form cell-matrix adhesions. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:1366-1375. [PMID: 31477904 PMCID: PMC7455205 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesions are key to sensing the geometry and rigidity of extracellular environments and influence vital cellular processes. In vivo, the extracellular matrix is composed of fibrous arrays. To understand the fibre geometries that are required for adhesion formation, we patterned nanolines of various line widths and arrangements in single, crossing or paired arrays with the integrin-binding peptide Arg-Gly-Asp. Single thin lines (width ≤30 nm) did not support cell spreading or formation of focal adhesions, despite the presence of a high density of Arg-Gly-Asp, but wide lines (>40 nm) did. Using super-resolution microscopy, we observed stable, dense integrin clusters formed on parallel (within 110 nm) or crossing thin lines (mimicking a matrix mesh) similar to those on continuous substrates. These dense clusters bridged the line pairs by recruiting activated but unliganded integrins, as verified by integrin mutants unable to bind ligands that coclustered with ligand-bound integrins when present in an active extended conformation. Thus, in a fibrous extracellular matrix mesh, stable integrin nanoclusters bridge between thin (≤30 nm) matrix fibres and bring about downstream consequences of cell motility and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishita Changede
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Haogang Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Shalom J Wind
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Molecular Mechanomedicine Program, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F Plow
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Jun Qin
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH
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46
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Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors ensuring the mechanical connection between cells and the extracellular matrix. In addition to the anchorage of cells to the extracellular matrix, these receptors have critical functions in intracellular signaling, but are also taking center stage in many physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we provide some historical, structural, and physiological notes so that the diverse functions of these receptors can be appreciated and put into the context of the emerging field of mechanobiology. We propose that the exciting journey of the exploration of these receptors will continue for at least another new generation of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
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Asaro RJ, Lin K, Zhu Q. Mechanosensitivity Occurs along the Adhesome's Force Train and Affects Traction Stress. Biophys J 2019; 117:1599-1614. [PMID: 31604520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we consider the process of force development along the adhesome within cell focal adhesions. Our model adhesome consists of the actin cytoskeleton-vinculin-talin-integrin-ligand-extracellular matrix-substrate force train. We specifically consider the effects of substrate stiffness on the force levels expected along the train and on the traction stresses they create at the substrate. We find that significant effects of substrate stiffness are manifest within each constitutive component of the force train and on the density and distribution of integrin/ligand anchorage points with the substrate. By following each component of the force train, we are able to delineate specific gaps in the quantitative descriptions of bond survival that must be addressed so that improved quantitative forecasts become possible. Our analysis provides, however, a rational description for the various levels of traction stresses that have been reported and of the effect of substrate stiffness. Our approach has the advantage of being quite clear as to how each constituent contributes to the net development of force and traction stress. We demonstrate that to provide truly quantitative forecasts for traction stress, a far more detailed description of integrin/ligand density and distribution is required. Although integrin density is already a well-recognized important feature of adhesion, our analysis places a finer point on it in the manner of how we evaluate the magnitude of traction stress. We provide mechanistic insight into how understanding of this vital element of the adhesion process may proceed by addressing mechanistic causes of integrin clustering that may lead to patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Asaro
- Structural Engineering, Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
| | - Kuanpo Lin
- Structural Engineering, Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Structural Engineering, Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
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48
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Multiscale model of integrin adhesion assembly. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007077. [PMID: 31163027 PMCID: PMC6568411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of adherent cells to form adhesions is critical to numerous phases of their physiology. The assembly of adhesions is mediated by several types of integrins. These integrins differ in physical properties, including rate of diffusion on the plasma membrane, rapidity of changing conformation from bent to extended, affinity for extracellular matrix ligands, and lifetimes of their ligand-bound states. However, the way in which nanoscale physical properties of integrins ensure proper adhesion assembly remains elusive. We observe experimentally that both β-1 and β-3 integrins localize in nascent adhesions at the cell leading edge. In order to understand how different nanoscale parameters of β-1 and β-3 integrins mediate proper adhesion assembly, we therefore develop a coarse-grained computational model. Results from the model demonstrate that morphology and distribution of nascent adhesions depend on ligand binding affinity and strength of pairwise interactions. Organization of nascent adhesions depends on the relative amounts of integrins with different bond kinetics. Moreover, the model shows that the architecture of an actin filament network does not perturb the total amount of integrin clustering and ligand binding; however, only bundled actin architectures favor adhesion stability and ultimately maturation. Together, our results support the view that cells can finely tune the expression of different integrin types to determine both structural and dynamic properties of adhesions.
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49
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Xia S, Yim EKF, Kanchanawong P. Molecular Organization of Integrin-Based Adhesion Complexes in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3828-3842. [PMID: 33438423 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical microenvironment serves as an important factor influencing stem cell differentiation. Mechanobiological responses depend strongly on actomyosin contractility and integrin-based cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions mediated by adhesive structures such as focal adhesions (FAs). While the roles of FAs in mechanobiology have been intensively studied in many mesenchymal and migratory cell types, recently it has been recognized that certain pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) exhibited significantly attenuated FA-mediated mechanobiological responses. FAs in such PSCs are sparsely distributed and much less prominent in comparison to "classical" FAs of typical adherent cells. Despite these differences, insights into how FAs in PSCs are structurally organized to perform their functions are still elusive. Using mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to study PSC-ECM interactions, here we surveyed the molecular composition and nanostructural organization of FAs. We found that, despite being small in size, mESC FAs appeared to be compositionally mature, containing markers such as vinculin, zyxin, and α-actinin, and dependent on myosin II contractility. Using super-resolution microscopy, we revealed that mESC FAs were organized into a conserved multilayer nanoscale architecture. However, the nanodomain organization was compressed in mESCs, with the force transduction layer spanning ∼10 nm, significantly more compact than in FAs of other cell types. Furthermore, we found that the position and orientation of vinculin, a key mechanotransduction protein, were modulated in an ECM-dependent manner. Our analysis also revealed that while most core FA genes were expressed, the expression of LIM domain proteins was comparatively lower in PSCs. Altogether our results suggest that while core structural and mechanosensitive elements are operational in mESC FAs, their structural organization and regulatory aspects may diverge significantly from "classical" FAs, which may account for the attenuated mechanobiological responses of these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Xia
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411
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50
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Huang D, Patel K, Perez-Garrido S, Marshall JF, Palma M. DNA Origami Nanoarrays for Multivalent Investigations of Cancer Cell Spreading with Nanoscale Spatial Resolution and Single-Molecule Control. ACS NANO 2019; 13:728-736. [PMID: 30588806 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present a strategy for the fabrication of biomimetic nanoarrays, based on the use of DNA origami, that permits the multivalent investigation of ligand-receptor molecule interactions in cancer cell spreading, with nanoscale spatial resolution and single-molecule control. We employed DNA origami to control the nanoscale spatial organization of integrin- and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-binding ligands that modulate epidermal cancer cell behavior. By organizing these multivalent DNA nanostructures in nanoarray configurations on nanopatterned surfaces, we demonstrated the cooperative behavior of integrin and EGF ligands in the spreading of human cutaneous melanoma cells: this cooperation was shown to depend on both the number and ratio of the selective ligands employed. Notably, the multivalent biochips we have developed allowed for this cooperative effect to be demonstrated with single-molecule control and nanoscale spatial resolution. By and large, the platform presented here is of general applicability for the study, with molecular control, of different multivalent interactions governing biological processes from the function of cell-surface receptors to protein-ligand binding and pathogen inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huang
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Materials Research Institute, Institute of Bioengineering , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Ketan Patel
- Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence , Queen Mary University of London , Charterhouse Square , London EC1M 6BQ , United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Perez-Garrido
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Materials Research Institute, Institute of Bioengineering , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
- Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence , Queen Mary University of London , Charterhouse Square , London EC1M 6BQ , United Kingdom
| | - John F Marshall
- Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence , Queen Mary University of London , Charterhouse Square , London EC1M 6BQ , United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Palma
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Materials Research Institute, Institute of Bioengineering , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
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