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Ozer U, Yucens B, Tumkaya S. Efficacy of accelerated deep transcranial magnetic stimulation wi̇th double cone coi̇l in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 171:325-331. [PMID: 38342033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
High-frequency deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) targeting the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) with an H-coil has received approval from the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Nevertheless, there is limited evidence regarding the efficacy of a similar procedure performed using a double-cone coil or in an accelerated regimen. In this study, patients in the active TMS group (n = 14) underwent stimulation of the mPFC and ACC twice daily at a frequency of 20 Hz for three weeks, using a double-cone coil. The same procedure was applied to the control group (n = 15) using a placebo coil. Throughout the study, the patients continued their antidepressant and/or antipsychotic treatments at the same dose. Following treatment, the active TMS group exhibited a more significant reduction in Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale scores (pre-treatment: 25.36 ± 5.4, post-treatment: 18.43 ± 6.86) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores (pre-treatment: 10.6 ± 3.5, post-treatment: 6.7 ± 2.7) compared to the sham TMS group. However, there was no statistically significant reduction in symmetry-related obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the TMS group compared to the sham TMS group. dTMS applied to the mPFC and ACC, using a double-cone coil at a 20-Hz frequency twice daily for three weeks, was found to be effective as an adjunctive treatment for treatment-resistant OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Ozer
- Pamukkale University, Department of Psychiatry, Kınıklı, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Bengu Yucens
- Pamukkale University, Department of Psychiatry, Kınıklı, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Selim Tumkaya
- Pamukkale University, Department of Psychiatry, Kınıklı, Denizli, Turkey.
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Breveglieri R, Borgomaneri S, Bosco A, Filippini M, De Vitis M, Tessari A, Avenanti A, Galletti C, Fattori P. rTMS over the human medial parietal cortex impairs online reaching corrections. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:297-310. [PMID: 38141108 PMCID: PMC10917872 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Indirect correlational evidence suggests that the posteromedial sector of the human parietal cortex (area hV6A) is involved in reaching corrections. We interfered with hV6A functions using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) while healthy participants performed reaching movements and in-flight adjustments of the hand trajectory in presence of unexpected target shifts. rTMS over hV6A specifically altered action reprogramming, causing deviations of the shifted trajectories, particularly along the vertical dimension (i.e., distance). This study provides evidence of the functional relevance of hV6A in action reprogramming while a sudden event requires a change in performance and shows that hV6A also plays a role in state estimation during reaching. These findings are in line with neurological data showing impairments in actions performed along the distance dimension when lesions occur in the dorsal posterior parietal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Breveglieri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sara Borgomaneri
- Center for studies and research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena Campus, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bosco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Alma Mater Research Institute For Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (Alma Human AI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Filippini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Alma Mater Research Institute For Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (Alma Human AI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina De Vitis
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Tessari
- Alma Mater Research Institute For Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (Alma Human AI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Center for studies and research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena Campus, 47521, Cesena, Italy
- Center for research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Catholic University of Maule, 3460000, Talca, Chile
| | - Claudio Galletti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Fattori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Alma Mater Research Institute For Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (Alma Human AI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Chiappini E, Turrini S, Zanon M, Marangon M, Borgomaneri S, Avenanti A. Driving Hebbian plasticity over ventral premotor-motor projections transiently enhances motor resonance. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:211-220. [PMID: 38387557 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Making sense of others' actions relies on the activation of an action observation network (AON), which maps visual information about observed actions onto the observer's motor system. This motor resonance process manifests in the primary motor cortex (M1) as increased corticospinal excitability finely tuned to the muscles engaged in the observed action. Motor resonance in M1 is facilitated by projections from higher-order AON regions. However, whether manipulating the strength of AON-to-M1 connectivity affects motor resonance remains unclear. METHODS We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in 48 healthy humans. Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) was administered over M1 and the ventral premotor cortex (PMv), a key AON node, to induce spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) in the pathway connecting them. Single-pulse TMS assessed motor resonance during action observation. RESULTS Before ccPAS, action observation increased corticospinal excitability in the muscles corresponding to the observed movements, reflecting motor resonance in M1. Notably, ccPAS aimed at strengthening projections from PMv to M1 (PMv→M1) induced short-term enhancement of motor resonance. The enhancement specifically occurred with the ccPAS configuration consistent with forward PMv→M1 projections and dissipated 20 min post-stimulation; ccPAS administered in the reverse order (M1→PMv) and sham stimulation did not affect motor resonance. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first evidence that inducing STDP to strengthen PMv input to M1 neurons causally enhances muscle-specific motor resonance in M1. Our study sheds light on the plastic mechanisms that shape AON functionality and demonstrates that exogenous manipulation of AON connectivity can influence basic mirror mechanisms that underlie social perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Chiappini
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010, Vienna, Austria; Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Sonia Turrini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Marco Zanon
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mattia Marangon
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Biomedicina e Scienze del Movimento, Sezione di Fisiologia e Psicologia, Università di Verona, 37124, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Borgomaneri
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica Del Maule, 346000, Talca, Chile.
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Held LK, Cracco E, Bardi L, Kiraga M, Cristianelli E, Brass M, Abrahamse EL, Braem S. Associative Visuomotor Learning Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Induces Stimulus-Response Interference. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:522-533. [PMID: 38165734 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Classical conditioning states that the systematic co-occurrence of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus can cause the neutral stimulus to, over time, evoke the same response as the unconditioned stimulus. On a neural level, Hebbian learning suggests that this type of learning occurs through changes in synaptic plasticity when two neurons are simultaneously active, resulting in increased connectivity between them. Inspired by associative learning theories, we here investigated whether the mere co-activation of visual stimuli and stimulation of the primary motor cortex using TMS would result in stimulus-response associations that can impact future behavior. During a learning phase, we repeatedly paired the presentation of a specific color (but not other colors) with a TMS pulse over the motor cortex. Next, participants performed a two-alternative forced-choice task where they had to categorize simple shapes and we studied whether the shapes' task-irrelevant color (and its potentially associated involuntary motor activity) affected the required motor response. Participants showed more errors on incongruent trials for stimuli that were previously paired with high intensity TMS pulses, but only when tested on the same day. Using a drift diffusion model for conflict tasks, we further demonstrate that this interference occurred early, and gradually increased as a function of associated TMS intensity. Taken together, our findings show that the human brain can learn stimulus-response associations using externally induced motor cortex stimulation. Although we were inspired by the Hebbian learning literature, future studies should investigate whether Hebbian or other learning processes were also what brought about this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lara Bardi
- Ghent University, Belgium
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, Bron, France
- Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Marcel Brass
- Ghent University, Belgium
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Elger L Abrahamse
- Tilburg University, The Netherlands
- Atlántico Medio University, Spain
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Battaglia S, Di Fazio C, Mazzà M, Tamietto M, Avenanti A. Targeting Human Glucocorticoid Receptors in Fear Learning: A Multiscale Integrated Approach to Study Functional Connectivity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:864. [PMID: 38255937 PMCID: PMC10815285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fear extinction is a phenomenon that involves a gradual reduction in conditioned fear responses through repeated exposure to fear-inducing cues. Functional brain connectivity assessments, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), provide valuable insights into how brain regions communicate during these processes. Stress, a ubiquitous aspect of life, influences fear learning and extinction by changing the activity of the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus, leading to enhanced fear responses and/or impaired extinction. Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are key to the stress response and show a dual function in fear regulation: while they enhance the consolidation of fear memories, they also facilitate extinction. Accordingly, GR dysregulation is associated with anxiety and mood disorders. Recent advancements in cognitive neuroscience underscore the need for a comprehensive understanding that integrates perspectives from the molecular, cellular, and systems levels. In particular, neuropharmacology provides valuable insights into neurotransmitter and receptor systems, aiding the investigation of mechanisms underlying fear regulation and potential therapeutic targets. A notable player in this context is cortisol, a key stress hormone, which significantly influences both fear memory reconsolidation and extinction processes. Gaining a thorough understanding of these intricate interactions has implications in terms of addressing psychiatric disorders related to stress. This review sheds light on the complex interactions between cognitive processes, emotions, and their neural bases. In this endeavor, our aim is to reshape the comprehension of fear, stress, and their implications for emotional well-being, ultimately aiding in the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Battaglia
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Fazio
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Mazzà
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Marco Tamietto
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Neuropsicology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
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Manjunatha KKH, Baron G, Benozzo D, Silvestri E, Corbetta M, Chiuso A, Bertoldo A, Suweis S, Allegra M. Controlling target brain regions by optimal selection of input nodes. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011274. [PMID: 38215166 PMCID: PMC10810536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The network control theory framework holds great potential to inform neurostimulation experiments aimed at inducing desired activity states in the brain. However, the current applicability of the framework is limited by inappropriate modeling of brain dynamics, and an overly ambitious focus on whole-brain activity control. In this work, we leverage recent progress in linear modeling of brain dynamics (effective connectivity) and we exploit the concept of target controllability to focus on the control of a single region or a small subnetwork of nodes. We discuss when control may be possible with a reasonably low energy cost and few stimulation loci, and give general predictions on where to stimulate depending on the subset of regions one wishes to control. Importantly, using the robustly asymmetric effective connectome instead of the symmetric structural connectome (as in previous research), we highlight the fundamentally different roles in- and out-hubs have in the control problem, and the relevance of inhibitory connections. The large degree of inter-individual variation in the effective connectome implies that the control problem is best formulated at the individual level, but we discuss to what extent group results may still prove useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Kabbur Hanumanthappa Manjunatha
- Physics and Astronomy Department “Galileo Galilei”, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Modeling and Engineering Risk and Complexity, Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giorgia Baron
- Information Engineering Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Danilo Benozzo
- Information Engineering Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Erica Silvestri
- Information Engineering Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Neuroscience Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Chiuso
- Information Engineering Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bertoldo
- Information Engineering Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Samir Suweis
- Physics and Astronomy Department “Galileo Galilei”, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Allegra
- Physics and Astronomy Department “Galileo Galilei”, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Turrini S, Avenanti A. Understanding the sources of cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) variability: Unraveling target-specific and state-dependent influences. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 156:290-292. [PMID: 37813766 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Turrini
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, 47521 Cesena, Italy; Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica Del Maule, 346000 Talca, Chile.
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Rizzo G, Martino D, Avanzino L, Avenanti A, Vicario CM. Social cognition in hyperkinetic movement disorders: a systematic review. Soc Neurosci 2023; 18:331-354. [PMID: 37580305 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2023.2248687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Numerous lines of research indicate that our social brain involves a network of cortical and subcortical brain regions that are responsible for sensing and controlling body movements. However, it remains unclear whether movement disorders have a systematic impact on social cognition. To address this question, we conducted a systematic review examining the influence of hyperkinetic movement disorders (including Huntington disease, Tourette syndrome, dystonia, and essential tremor) on social cognition. Following the PRISMA guidelines and registering the protocol in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022327459), we analyzed 50 published studies focusing on theory of mind (ToM), social perception, and empathy. The results from these studies provide evidence of impairments in ToM and social perception in all hyperkinetic movement disorders, particularly during the recognition of negative emotions. Additionally, individuals with Huntington's Disease and Tourette syndrome exhibit empathy disorders. These findings support the functional role of subcortical structures (such as the basal ganglia and cerebellum), which are primarily responsible for movement disorders, in deficits related to social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e degli studi culturali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Martino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Carmelo Mario Vicario
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e degli studi culturali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
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Goldenkoff ER, Deluisi JA, Destiny DP, Lee TG, Michon KJ, Brissenden JA, Taylor SF, Polk TA, Vesia M. The behavioral and neural effects of parietal theta burst stimulation on the grasp network are stronger during a grasping task than at rest. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1198222. [PMID: 37954875 PMCID: PMC10637360 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1198222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used in neuroscience and clinical settings to modulate human cortical activity. The effects of TMS on neural activity depend on the excitability of specific neural populations at the time of stimulation. Accordingly, the brain state at the time of stimulation may influence the persistent effects of repetitive TMS on distal brain activity and associated behaviors. We applied intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to a region in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) associated with grasp control to evaluate the interaction between stimulation and brain state. Across two experiments, we demonstrate the immediate responses of motor cortex activity and motor performance to state-dependent parietal stimulation. We randomly assigned 72 healthy adult participants to one of three TMS intervention groups, followed by electrophysiological measures with TMS and behavioral measures. Participants in the first group received iTBS to PPC while performing a grasping task concurrently. Participants in the second group received iTBS to PPC while in a task-free, resting state. A third group of participants received iTBS to a parietal region outside the cortical grasping network while performing a grasping task concurrently. We compared changes in motor cortical excitability and motor performance in the three stimulation groups within an hour of each intervention. We found that parietal stimulation during a behavioral manipulation that activates the cortical grasping network increased downstream motor cortical excitability and improved motor performance relative to stimulation during rest. We conclude that constraining the brain state with a behavioral task during brain stimulation has the potential to optimize plasticity induction in cortical circuit mechanisms that mediate movement processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph A. Deluisi
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Danielle P. Destiny
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Taraz G. Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katherine J. Michon
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - James A. Brissenden
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stephan F. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Thad A. Polk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Vesia
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Hernandez-Pavon JC, San Agustín A, Wang MC, Veniero D, Pons JL. Can we manipulate brain connectivity? A systematic review of cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation effects. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 154:169-193. [PMID: 37634335 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) is a form of dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) entailing a series of single-TMS pulses paired at specific interstimulus intervals (ISI) delivered to distant cortical areas. The goal of this article is to systematically review its efficacy in inducing plasticity in humans focusing on stimulation parameters and hypotheses of underlying neurophysiology. METHODS A systematic review of the literature from 2009-2023 was undertaken to identify all articles utilizing ccPAS to study brain plasticity and connectivity. Six electronic databases were searched and included. RESULTS 32 studies were identified. The studies targeted connections within the same hemisphere or between hemispheres. 28 ccPAS studies were in healthy participants, 1 study in schizophrenia, and 1 in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. 2 additional studies used cortico-cortical repetitive paired associative stimulation (cc-rPAS) in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients. Outcome measures include electromyography (EMG), behavioral measures, electroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). ccPAS seems to be able to modulate brain connectivity depending on the ISI. CONCLUSIONS ccPAS can be used to modulate corticospinal excitability, brain activity, and behavior. Although the stimulation parameters used across studies reviewed in this paper are varied, ccPAS is a promising approach for basic research and potential clinical applications. SIGNIFICANCE Recent advances in neuroscience have caused a shift of interest from the study of single areas to a more complex approach focusing on networks of areas that orchestrate brain activity. Consequently, the TMS community is also witnessing a change, with a growing interest in targeting multiple brain areas rather than a single locus, as evidenced by an increasing number of papers using ccPAS. In light of this new enthusiasm for brain connectivity, this review summarizes existing literature and stimulation parameters that have proven effective in changing electrophysiological, behavioral, or neuroimaging-derived measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Hernandez-Pavon
- Legs + Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (Formerly, The Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Brain Stimulation, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | - Arantzazu San Agustín
- Legs + Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (Formerly, The Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Brain Stimulation, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Neural Rehabilitation Group, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autonoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Max C Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jose L Pons
- Legs + Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (Formerly, The Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Brain Stimulation, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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11
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Xia Y, Wang M, Zhu Y. The Effect of Cerebellar rTMS on Modulating Motor Dysfunction in Neurological Disorders: a Systematic Review. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:954-972. [PMID: 36018543 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on motor dysfunction in patients with neurological disorders has received increasing attention because of its potential for neuromodulation. However, studies on the neuromodulatory effects, parameters, and safety of rTMS implementation in the cerebellum to alleviate motor dysfunction are limited. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of cerebellar rTMS treatment for motor dysfunction caused by neurological disorders and to review popular stimulation parameters. Five electronic databases-Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase-were searched for relevant research published from inception to July 2022. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported the effects of cerebellar rTMS combined with behavioral rating scales on motor dysfunction were eligible for enrollment. Additionally, reference lists of the enrolled studies were manually checked. Among 1156 articles screened, 21 RCTs with 666 subjects were included. rTMS conducted on the cerebellum showed an improvement in stroke (spasticity, balance, and gait), cervical dystonia, Parkinson's disease (tremor), cerebellar ataxia, and essential tremor but not in multiple sclerosis. The 8-shaped coil with a diameter of 70 mm was determined as the most common therapeutic choice. None of the studies reported severe adverse events except mild side effects in three. Therefore, rTMS appears to be a promising and safe technique for the treatment of motor dysfunction, targeting the cerebellum to induce motor behavioral improvement. Further rigorous RCTs, including more samples and longer follow-up periods, are required to precisely explore the effective stimulation parameters and possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Xia
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Yangpu District, No. 200 Hengren Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingqi Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Yangpu District, No. 200 Hengren Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulian Zhu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Yangpu District, No. 200 Hengren Road, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Jing'an District, No. 12 Wulumuqi road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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12
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Borgomaneri S, Zanon M, Di Luzio P, Cataneo A, Arcara G, Romei V, Tamietto M, Avenanti A. Increasing associative plasticity in temporo-occipital back-projections improves visual perception of emotions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5720. [PMID: 37737239 PMCID: PMC10517146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) is a critical node in a network specialized for perceiving emotional facial expressions that is reciprocally connected with early visual cortices (V1/V2). Current models of perceptual decision-making increasingly assign relevance to recursive processing for visual recognition. However, it is unknown whether inducing plasticity into reentrant connections from pSTS to V1/V2 impacts emotion perception. Using a combination of electrophysiological and neurostimulation methods, we demonstrate that strengthening the connectivity from pSTS to V1/V2 selectively increases the ability to perceive facial expressions associated with emotions. This behavior is associated with increased electrophysiological activity in both these brain regions, particularly in V1/V2, and depends on specific temporal parameters of stimulation that follow Hebbian principles. Therefore, we provide evidence that pSTS-to-V1/V2 back-projections are instrumental to perception of emotion from facial stimuli and functionally malleable via manipulation of associative plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Borgomaneri
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy.
| | - Marco Zanon
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Luzio
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy
| | - Antonio Cataneo
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy
- Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, 28015, Spain
| | - Marco Tamietto
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy.
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
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13
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Trajkovic J, Romei V, Rushworth MFS, Sel A. Changing connectivity between premotor and motor cortex changes inter-areal communication in the human brain. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 228:102487. [PMID: 37353108 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The ventral premotor cortex (PMv) is an important component of cortico-cortical pathways mediating prefrontal control over primary motor cortex (M1) function. Paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) is known to change PMv influence over M1 in humans, which manifests differently depending on the behavioural context. Here we show that these changes in influence are functionally linked to PMv-M1 phase synchrony changes induced by repeated paired stimulation of the two areas. PMv-to-M1 ccPAS leads to increased phase synchrony in alpha and beta bands, while reversed order M1-to-PMv ccPAS leads to decreased theta phase synchrony. These changes are visible at rest but are predictive of changes in oscillatory power in the same frequencies during movement execution and inhibition, respectively. The results unveil a link between the physiology of the motor network and the resonant frequencies mediating its interactions and provide a putative mechanism underpinning the relationship between synaptic efficacy and brain oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Trajkovic
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy; Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, 28015, Spain
| | - Matthew F S Rushworth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Alejandra Sel
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK; Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
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14
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Bevilacqua M, Huxlin KR, Hummel FC, Raffin E. Pathway and directional specificity of Hebbian plasticity in the cortical visual motion processing network. iScience 2023; 26:107064. [PMID: 37408682 PMCID: PMC10319215 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS), which repeatedly pairs single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over two distant brain regions, is thought to modulate synaptic plasticity. We explored its spatial selectivity (pathway and direction specificity) and its nature (oscillatory signature and perceptual consequences) when applied along the ascending (Forward) and descending (Backward) motion discrimination pathway. We found unspecific connectivity increases in bottom-up inputs in the low gamma band, probably reflecting visual task exposure. A clear distinction in information transfer occurred in the re-entrant alpha signals, which were only modulated by Backward-ccPAS, and predictive of visual improvements in healthy participants. These results suggest a causal involvement of the re-entrant MT-to-V1 low-frequency inputs in motion discrimination and integration in healthy participants. Modulating re-entrant input activity could provide single-subject prediction scenarios for visual recovery. Visual recovery might indeed partly rely on these residual inputs projecting to spared V1 neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bevilacqua
- Defitech Chair in Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (NRX) and Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair in Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (NRX) and Brain Mind Institute, Clinique Romande de Readaptation (CRR), EPFL Valais, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Krystel R. Huxlin
- The Flaum Eye Institute and Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Friedhelm C. Hummel
- Defitech Chair in Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (NRX) and Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair in Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (NRX) and Brain Mind Institute, Clinique Romande de Readaptation (CRR), EPFL Valais, Sion, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Raffin
- Defitech Chair in Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (NRX) and Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair in Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (NRX) and Brain Mind Institute, Clinique Romande de Readaptation (CRR), EPFL Valais, Sion, Switzerland
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15
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Turrini S, Bevacqua N, Cataneo A, Chiappini E, Fiori F, Battaglia S, Romei V, Avenanti A. Neurophysiological Markers of Premotor-Motor Network Plasticity Predict Motor Performance in Young and Older Adults. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051464. [PMID: 37239135 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is commonly associated with a decline in motor control and neural plasticity. Tuning cortico-cortical interactions between premotor and motor areas is essential for controlling fine manual movements. However, whether plasticity in premotor-motor circuits predicts hand motor abilities in young and elderly humans remains unclear. Here, we administered transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1) using the cortico-cortical paired-associative stimulation (ccPAS) protocol to manipulate the strength of PMv-to-M1 connectivity in 14 young and 14 elderly healthy adults. We assessed changes in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) during ccPAS as an index of PMv-M1 network plasticity. We tested whether the magnitude of MEP changes might predict interindividual differences in performance in two motor tasks that rely on premotor-motor circuits, i.e., the nine-hole pegboard test and a choice reaction task. Results show lower motor performance and decreased PMv-M1 network plasticity in elderly adults. Critically, the slope of MEP changes during ccPAS accurately predicted performance at the two tasks across age groups, with larger slopes (i.e., MEP increase) predicting better motor performance at baseline in both young and elderly participants. These findings suggest that physiological indices of PMv-M1 plasticity could provide a neurophysiological marker of fine motor control across age-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Turrini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestriari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Naomi Bevacqua
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestriari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cataneo
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestriari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Emilio Chiappini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestriari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Institut für Klinische und Gesundheitspsychologie, Universität Wien, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesca Fiori
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestriari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- NeXT: Unità di Ricerca di Neurofisiologia e Neuroingegneria dell'Interazione Uomo-Tecnologia, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Battaglia
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestriari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestriari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestriari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 346000, Chile
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16
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Turrini S, Fiori F, Chiappini E, Lucero B, Santarnecchi E, Avenanti A. Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) over premotor-motor areas affects local circuitries in the human motor cortex via Hebbian plasticity. Neuroimage 2023; 271:120027. [PMID: 36925088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have shown that cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) can strengthen connectivity between the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and the primary motor cortex (M1) by modulating convergent input over M1 via Hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). However, whether ccPAS locally affects M1 activity remains unclear. We tested 60 right-handed young healthy humans in two studies, using a combination of dual coil TMS and ccPAS over the left PMv and M1 to probe and manipulate PMv-to-M1 connectivity, and single- and paired-pulse TMS to assess neural activity within M1. We provide convergent evidence that ccPAS, relying on repeated activations of excitatory PMv-to-M1 connections, acts locally over M1. During ccPAS, motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by paired PMv-M1 stimulation gradually increased. Following ccPAS, the threshold for inducing MEPs of different amplitudes decreased, and the input-output curve (IO) slope increased, highlighting increased M1 corticospinal excitability. Moreover, ccPAS reduced the magnitude of short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), reflecting suppression of GABA-ergic interneuronal mechanisms within M1, without affecting intracortical facilitation (ICF). These changes were specific to ccPAS Hebbian strengthening of PMv-to-M1 connectivity, as no modulations were observed when reversing the order of the PMv-M1 stimulation during a control ccPAS protocol. These findings expand prior ccPAS research that focused on the malleability of cortico-cortical connectivity at the network-level, and highlight local changes in the area of convergent activation (i.e., M1) during plasticity induction. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the physiological basis of ccPAS that are relevant for protocol optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Turrini
- Centro studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena 47521, Italy; Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
| | - Francesca Fiori
- Centro studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena 47521, Italy; NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuro-Engineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Emilio Chiappini
- Centro studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena 47521, Italy; Institut für Klinische und Gesundheitspsychologie, Universität Wien, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Boris Lucero
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca 346000, Chile
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena 47521, Italy; Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca 346000, Chile.
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17
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Zhang JP, Xing XX, Zheng MX, Wu JJ, Xue X, Li YL, Hua XY, Ma SJ, Xu JG. Effects of cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation based on multisensory integration to brain network connectivity in stroke patients: study protocol for a randomized doubled blind clinical trial. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:176. [PMID: 37118658 PMCID: PMC10148448 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain has a spontaneous recovery after stroke, reflecting the plasticity of the brain. Currently, TMS is used for studies of single-target brain region modulation, which lacks consideration of brain networks and functional connectivity. Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) promotes recovery of motor function. Multisensory effects in primary visual cortex(V1) directly influence behavior and perception, which facilitate motor functional recovery in stroke patients. Therefore, in this study, dual-targeted precise stimulation of V1 and primary motor cortex(M1) on the affected hemisphere of stroke patients will be used for cortical visuomotor multisensory integration to improve motor function. METHOD This study is a randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial over a 14-week period. 69 stroke subjects will be enrolled and divided into sham stimulation group, ccPAS low frequency group, and ccPAS high frequency group. All groups will receive conventional rehabilitation. The intervention lasted for two weeks, five times a week. Assessments will be performed before the intervention, at the end of the intervention, and followed up at 6 and 14 weeks. The primary assessment indicator is the 'Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity ', secondary outcomes were 'The line bisection test', 'Modified Taylor Complex Figure', 'NIHSS' and neuroimaging assessments. All adverse events will be recorded. DISCUSSION Currently, ccPAS is used for the modulation of neural circuits. Based on spike-timing dependent plasticity theory, we can precisely intervene in the connections between different cortices to promote the recovery of functional connectivity on damaged brain networks after stroke. We hope to achieve the modulation of cortical visuomotor interaction by combining ccPAS with the concept of multisensory integration. We will further analyze the correlation between analyzing visual and motor circuits and explore the alteration of neuroplasticity by the interactions between different brain networks. This study will provide us with a new clinical treatment strategy to achieve precise rehabilitation for patient with motor dysfunction after stroke. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with code ChiCTR2300067422 and was approved on January 16, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Peng Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Xin Xing
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mou-Xiong Zheng
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xue
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Jie Ma
- Rehabilitation Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, No. 25, Lane 860, Changjiang Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200441, China.
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Di Gregorio F, Petrone V, Casanova E, Lullini G, Romei V, Piperno R, La Porta F. Hierarchical psychophysiological pathways subtend perceptual asymmetries in Neglect. Neuroimage 2023; 270:119942. [PMID: 36796529 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke patients with left Hemispatial Neglect (LHN) show deficits in perceiving left contralesional stimuli with biased visuospatial perception towards the right hemifield. However, very little is known about the functional organization of the visuospatial perceptual neural network and how this can account for the profound reorganization of space representation in LHN. In the present work, we aimed at (1) identifying EEG measures that discriminate LHN patients against controls and (2) devise a causative neurophysiological model between the discriminative EEG measures. To these aims, EEG was recorded during exposure to lateralized visual stimuli which allowed for pre-and post-stimulus activity investigation across three groups: LHN patients, lesioned controls, and healthy individuals. Moreover, all participants performed a standard behavioral test assessing the perceptual asymmetry index in detecting lateralized stimuli. The between-groups discriminative EEG patterns were entered into a Structural Equation Model for the identification of causative hierarchical associations (i.e., pathways) between EEG measures and the perceptual asymmetry index. The model identified two pathways. A first pathway showed that the combined contribution of pre-stimulus frontoparietal connectivity and individual-alpha-frequency predicts post-stimulus processing, as measured by visual-evoked N100, which, in turn, predicts the perceptual asymmetry index. A second pathway directly links the inter-hemispheric distribution of alpha-amplitude with the perceptual asymmetry index. The two pathways can collectively explain 83.1% of the variance in the perceptual asymmetry index. Using causative modeling, the present study identified how psychophysiological correlates of visuospatial perception are organized and predict the degree of behavioral asymmetry in LHN patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Gregorio
- UOC Medicina Riabilitativa e Neuroriabilitazione, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Bologna 40133, Italy
| | - Valeria Petrone
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Casanova
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giada Lullini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Centro Studi E Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Cesena 47521, Italy
| | - Roberto Piperno
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio La Porta
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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19
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Battaglia S, Di Fazio C, Vicario CM, Avenanti A. Neuropharmacological Modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate, Noradrenaline and Endocannabinoid Receptors in Fear Extinction Learning: Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065926. [PMID: 36983000 PMCID: PMC10053024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning to recognize and respond to potential threats is crucial for survival. Pavlovian threat conditioning represents a key paradigm for investigating the neurobiological mechanisms of fear learning. In this review, we address the role of specific neuropharmacological adjuvants that act on neurochemical synaptic transmission, as well as on brain plasticity processes implicated in fear memory. We focus on novel neuropharmacological manipulations targeting glutamatergic, noradrenergic, and endocannabinoid systems, and address how the modulation of these neurobiological systems affects fear extinction learning in humans. We show that the administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) agonists and modulation of the endocannabinoid system by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition can boost extinction learning through the stabilization and regulation of the receptor concentration. On the other hand, elevated noradrenaline levels dynamically modulate fear learning, hindering long-term extinction processes. These pharmacological interventions could provide novel targeted treatments and prevention strategies for fear-based and anxiety-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Battaglia
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Fazio
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Carmelo M Vicario
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e Degli Studi Culturali, Università Degli Studi di Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Neuropsicology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
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20
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Turrini S, Bevacqua N, Cataneo A, Chiappini E, Fiori F, Candidi M, Avenanti A. Transcranial cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) over ventral premotor-motor pathways enhances action performance and corticomotor excitability in young adults more than in elderly adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1119508. [PMID: 36875707 PMCID: PMC9978108 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1119508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) methods such as cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) can increase the strength of functional connectivity between ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1) via spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), leading to enhanced motor functions in young adults. However, whether this STDP-inducing protocol is effective in the aging brain remains unclear. In two groups of young and elderly healthy adults, we evaluated manual dexterity with the 9-hole peg task before and after ccPAS of the left PMv-M1 circuit. We observed that ccPAS enhanced dexterity in young adults, and this effect was anticipated by a progressive increase in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) during ccPAS administration. No similar effects were observed in elderly individuals or in a control task. Across age groups, we observed that the magnitude of MEP changes predicted larger behavioral improvements. These findings demonstrate that left PMv-to-M1 ccPAS induces functionally specific improvements in young adults' manual dexterity and an increase in corticomotor excitability, but altered plasticity prevents the effectiveness of ccPAS in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Turrini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Naomi Bevacqua
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cataneo
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Emilio Chiappini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesca Fiori
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina, NeXT: Unità di Ricerca di Neurofisiologia e Neuroingegneria dell'Interazione Uomo-Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Candidi
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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21
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Menardi A, Momi D, Vallesi A, Barabási AL, Towlson EK, Santarnecchi E. Maximizing brain networks engagement via individualized connectome-wide target search. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:1418-1431. [PMID: 36252908 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the possibility to noninvasively interact with the human brain has led to unprecedented diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. However, the vast majority of approved interventions and approaches still rely on anatomical landmarks and rarely on the individual structure of networks in the brain, drastically reducing the potential efficacy of neuromodulation. OBJECTIVE Here we implemented a target search algorithm leveraging on mathematical tools from Network Control Theory (NCT) and whole brain connectomics analysis. By means of computational simulations, we aimed to identify the optimal stimulation target(s)- at the individual brain level- capable of reaching maximal engagement of the stimulated networks' nodes. RESULTS At the model level, in silico predictions suggest that stimulation of NCT-derived cerebral sites might induce significantly higher network engagement, compared to traditionally employed neuromodulation sites, demonstrating NCT to be a useful tool in guiding brain stimulation. Indeed, NCT allows us to computationally model different stimulation scenarios tailored on the individual structural connectivity profiles and initial brain states. CONCLUSIONS The use of NCT to computationally predict TMS pulse propagation suggests that individualized targeting is crucial for more successful network engagement. Future studies will be needed to verify such prediction in real stimulation scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Menardi
- Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Momi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy; Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Antonino Vallesi
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Albert-László Barabási
- Network Science Institute and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emma K Towlson
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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22
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Turrini S, Fiori F, Chiappini E, Santarnecchi E, Romei V, Avenanti A. Gradual enhancement of corticomotor excitability during cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14670. [PMID: 36038605 PMCID: PMC9424198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) is an effective transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) method for inducing associative plasticity between interconnected brain areas in humans. Prior ccPAS studies have focused on protocol’s aftereffects. Here, we investigated physiological changes induced “online” during ccPAS administration. We tested 109 participants receiving ccPAS over left ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1) using a standard procedure (90 paired-pulses with 8-ms interstimulus interval, repeated at 0.1 Hz frequency). On each paired-pulse, we recorded a motor-evoked potential (MEP) to continuously trace the emergence of corticomotor changes. Participant receiving forward-ccPAS (on each pair, a first TMS pulse was administered over PMv, second over M1, i.e., PMv-to-M1) showed a gradual and linear increase in MEP size that did not reach a plateau at the end of the protocol and was greater in participants with low motor threshold. Participants receiving reverse-ccPAS (i.e., M1-to-PMv) showed a trend toward inhibition. Our study highlights the facilitatory and inhibitory modulations that occur during ccPAS administration and suggest that online MEP monitoring could provide insights into the malleability of the motor system and protocol’s effectiveness. Our findings open interesting prospects about ccPAS potential optimization in experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Turrini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Fiori
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,NeXT: Unità di ricerca di Neurofisiologia e Neuroingegneria dell'Interazione Uomo-Tecnologia, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Chiappini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,Institut für Klinische und Gesundheitspsychologie, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy. .,Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
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23
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Chiappini E, Sel A, Hibbard PB, Avenanti A, Romei V. Increasing interhemispheric connectivity between human visual motion areas uncovers asymmetric sensitivity to horizontal motion. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4064-4070.e3. [PMID: 35987211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Our conscious perceptual experience relies on a hierarchical process involving integration of low-level sensory encoding and higher-order sensory selection.1 This hierarchical process may scale at different levels of brain functioning, including integration of information between the hemispheres.2-5 Here, we test this hypothesis for the perception of visual motion stimuli. Across 3 experiments, we manipulated the connectivity between the left and right visual motion complexes (V5/MT+) responsible for horizontal motion perception2,3 by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).4,5 We found that enhancing the strength of connections from the left to the right V5/MT+, by inducing spike-timing-dependent plasticity6 in this pathway, increased sensitivity to horizontal motion. These changes were present immediately and lasted at least 90 min after intervention. Notably, little perceptual changes were observed when strengthening connections from the right to the left V5/MT+. Furthermore, we found that this asymmetric modulation was mirrored by an asymmetric perceptual bias in the direction of the horizontal motion. Overall, observers were biased toward leftward relative to rightward motion direction. Crucially, following the strengthening of the connections from right to left V5/MT+, this bias could be momentarily reversed. These results suggest that the projections connecting left and right V5/MT+ in the human visual cortex are asymmetrical, subtending a hierarchical role of hemispheric specialization7-10 favoring left-to-right hemisphere processing for integrating local sensory input into coherent global motion perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Chiappini
- Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK; Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Via Rasi e Spinelli 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy; Institut für Klinische und Gesundheitspsychologie, Universität Wien, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alejandra Sel
- Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Paul B Hibbard
- Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Via Rasi e Spinelli 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy; Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK; Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Via Rasi e Spinelli 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
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24
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Di Luzio P, Tarasi L, Silvanto J, Avenanti A, Romei V. Human perceptual and metacognitive decision-making rely on distinct brain networks. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001750. [PMID: 35944012 PMCID: PMC9362930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceptual decisions depend on the ability to exploit available sensory information in order to select the most adaptive option from a set of alternatives. Such decisions depend on the perceptual sensitivity of the organism, which is generally accompanied by a corresponding level of certainty about the choice made. Here, by use of corticocortical paired associative transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol (ccPAS) aimed at inducing plastic changes, we shaped perceptual sensitivity and metacognitive ability in a motion discrimination task depending on the targeted network, demonstrating their functional dissociation. Neurostimulation aimed at boosting V5/MT+-to-V1/V2 back-projections enhanced motion sensitivity without impacting metacognition, whereas boosting IPS/LIP-to-V1/V2 back-projections increased metacognitive efficiency without impacting motion sensitivity. This double-dissociation provides causal evidence of distinct networks for perceptual sensitivity and metacognitive ability in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Di Luzio
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Luca Tarasi
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Juha Silvanto
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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25
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Hooyman A, Garbin A, Fisher BE, Kutch JJ, Winstein CJ. Paired associative stimulation applied to the cortex can increase resting-state functional connectivity: A proof of principle study. Neurosci Lett 2022; 784:136753. [PMID: 35753613 PMCID: PMC10035603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is emerging evidence that high Beta coherence (hBc) between prefrontal and motor corticies, measured with resting-state electroencephalography (rs-EEG), can be an accurate predictor of motor skill learning and stroke recovery. However, it remains unknown whether and how intracortical connectivity may be influenced using neuromodulation. Therefore, a cortico-cortico PAS (ccPAS) paradigm may be used to increase resting-state intracortical connectivity (rs-IC) within a targeted neural circuit. PURPOSE Our purpose is to demonstrate proof of principle that ccPAS can be used to increase rs-IC between a prefrontal and motor cortical region. METHODS Eleven non-disabled adults were recruited (mean age 26.4, sd 5.6, 5 female). Each participant underwent a double baseline measurement, followed by a real and control ccPAS condition, counter-balanced for order. Control and ccPAS conditions were performed over electrodes of the right prefrontal and motor cortex. Both ccPAS conditions were identical apart from the inter-stimulus interval (i.e ISI 5 ms: real ccPAS and 500 ms: control ccPAS). Whole brain rs-EEG of high Beta coherence (hBc) was acquired before and after each ccPAS condition and then analyzed for changes in rs-IC along the targeted circuit. RESULTS Compared to ccPAS500 and baseline, ccPAS5 induced a significant increase in rs-IC, measured as coherence between electrodes over right prefrontal and motor cortex, (p <.05). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate proof of principle that ccPAS with an STDP derived ISI, can effectively increase hBc along a targeted circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hooyman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Alexander Garbin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Beth E Fisher
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason J Kutch
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carolee J Winstein
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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26
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Duan YJ, Hua XY, Zheng MX, Wu JJ, Xing XX, Li YL, Xu JG. Corticocortical paired associative stimulation for treating motor dysfunction after stroke: study protocol for a randomised sham-controlled double-blind clinical trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053991. [PMID: 35027421 PMCID: PMC8762140 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke survivors can have a high disability rate with low quality of daily life, resulting in a heavy burden on family and society. Transcranial magnetic stimulation has been widely applied to brain injury repair, neurological disease treatment, cognition and emotion regulation and so on. However, there is still much to be desired in the theories of using these neuromodulation techniques to treat stroke-caused hemiplegia. It is generally recognised that synaptic plasticity is an important basis for functional repair after brain injury. This study protocol aims to examine the corticocortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) for inducing synaptic plasticity to rescue the paralysed after stroke. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The current study is designed as a 14-week double-blind randomised sham-controlled clinical trial, composed of 2-week intervention and 12-week follow-up. For the study, 42 patients who had a stroke aged 40-70 will be recruited, who are randomly assigned either to the ccPAS intervention group, or to the control group at a 1:1 ratio, hence an equal number each. In the intervention group, ccPAS is practised in conjunction with the conventional rehabilitation treatment, and in the control group, the conventional rehabilitation treatment is administered with sham stimulation. A total of 10 interventions will be made, 5 times a week for 2 weeks. The same assessors are supposed to evaluate the participants' motor function at four time points of the baseline (before 10 interventions), treatment ending (after 10 interventions), and two intervals of follow-up (1 and 3 months later, respectively). The Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity is used for the primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes include changes in the assessment of Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional MRI data. The adverse events are to be recorded throughout the study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Yueyang Hospital. All ethical work was performed in accordance with the Helsinki declaration. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Study findings will be disseminated in the printed media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000036685.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Duan
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mou-Xiong Zheng
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Xin Xing
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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27
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Maia A, Almeida S, Cotovio G, Rodrigues da Silva D, Viana FF, Grácio J, Oliveira-Maia AJ. Symptom provocation for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder using transcranial magnetic stimulation: A step-by-step guide for professional training. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:924370. [PMID: 35990054 PMCID: PMC9382110 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.924370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that was cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in 2018. The approved protocol includes individualized symptom provocation before each stimulation session, to elicit a moderate level of obsessional distress. Although symptom provocation can be a delicate, demanding, and uncomfortable procedure, structured training methods for those who are going to apply it are not available. Here, we describe a model for training in symptom provocation for TMS technicians, developed at the Champalimaud Clinical Centre in Lisbon, Portugal. Our programme includes two-sessions dedicated to clinical communication and symptom provocation techniques from a theoretical and practical perspective. Additionally, supervision meetings are conducted during treatment of patients, allowing regular case discussion and redefinition of symptom provocation hierarchy, as needed. In addition to having a strong practical component, our training program is short and pragmatic, allowing for easy implementation and fluid transition to clinical practice. By sharing our experience, we hope to contribute to systematize training procedures required for symptom provocation in the context of TMS, and to qualitatively describe a methodology that can be used for implementation of TMS programmes for the treatment of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maia
- Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Almeida
- Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.,Graduate Programme in Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Cotovio
- Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Francisco Faro Viana
- Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jaime Grácio
- Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Albino J Oliveira-Maia
- Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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28
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Harmelech T, Roth Y, Tendler A. Deep TMS H7 Coil: Features, Applications & Future. Expert Rev Med Devices 2021; 18:1133-1144. [PMID: 34878347 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2021.2013803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) uses magnetic pulses to induce electrical current in the underlying neuronal tissue. A variety of TMS coils exist on the market, differing primarily in configuration, orientation, and flexibility of the wire windings of the coil. Deep TMSTM utilizes H-Coils, flexible coils with different configurations for stimulating different brain regions implicated in different neuropsychiatric disorders. The H7 Coil, designed to target primarily the medial prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, is FDA-cleared for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It was chosen as the focus of this review since it recently showed promise in various neuropsychiatric populations in addition to growing understanding of its mechanism of action (MOA). AREAS COVERED Here we assembled all peer-reviewed publications on the H7 Coil to showcase its efficacy in: (a) various OCD patient populations (e.g., different degrees of symptom severity, treatment resistance, comorbidities) (b) other neuropsychiatric populations (e.g., addiction, major depressive disorder and autism spectrum disorder). EXPERT OPINION While substantial evidence pertaining to the H7 Coil's efficacy as well as its MOA has accumulated, much work remains. In the final section of this review, we highlight areas of ongoing and future research that will further elucidate the coil's MOA as well as its full efficacy potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiftach Roth
- BrainsWay Ltd.,Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Aron Tendler
- BrainsWay Ltd.,Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Advanced Mental Health Care Inc, FL, USA
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29
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Contò F, Edwards G, Tyler S, Parrott D, Grossman E, Battelli L. Attention network modulation via tRNS correlates with attention gain. eLife 2021; 10:e63782. [PMID: 34826292 PMCID: PMC8626087 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) can enhance vision in the healthy and diseased brain. Yet, the impact of multi-day tRNS on large-scale cortical networks is still unknown. We investigated the impact of tRNS coupled with behavioral training on resting-state functional connectivity and attention. We trained human subjects for 4 consecutive days on two attention tasks, while receiving tRNS over the intraparietal sulci, the middle temporal areas, or Sham stimulation. We measured resting-state functional connectivity of nodes of the dorsal and ventral attention network (DVAN) before and after training. We found a strong behavioral improvement and increased connectivity within the DVAN after parietal stimulation only. Crucially, behavioral improvement positively correlated with connectivity measures. We conclude changes in connectivity are a marker for the enduring effect of tRNS upon behavior. Our results suggest that tRNS has strong potential to augment cognitive capacity in healthy individuals and promote recovery in the neurological population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Contò
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaRoveretoItaly
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of TrentoRoveretoItaly
| | - Grace Edwards
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaRoveretoItaly
- Department of Psychology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sarah Tyler
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaRoveretoItaly
- Butte CollegeOrovilleUnited States
| | - Danielle Parrott
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaRoveretoItaly
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of TrentoRoveretoItaly
| | - Emily Grossman
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Lorella Battelli
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaRoveretoItaly
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of TrentoRoveretoItaly
- Department of Psychology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel, Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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Tarasi L, Trajkovic J, Diciotti S, di Pellegrino G, Ferri F, Ursino M, Romei V. Predictive waves in the autism-schizophrenia continuum: A novel biobehavioral model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:1-22. [PMID: 34774901 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a predictive machine. Converging data suggests a diametric predictive strategy from autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to schizophrenic spectrum disorders (SSD). Whereas perceptual inference in ASD is rigidly shaped by incoming sensory information, the SSD population is prone to overestimate the precision of their priors' models. Growing evidence considers brain oscillations pivotal biomarkers to understand how top-down predictions integrate bottom-up input. Starting from the conceptualization of ASD and SSD as oscillopathies, we introduce an integrated perspective that ascribes the maladjustments of the predictive mechanism to dysregulation of neural synchronization. According to this proposal, disturbances in the oscillatory profile do not allow the appropriate trade-off between descending predictive signal, overweighted in SSD, and ascending prediction errors, overweighted in ASD. These opposing imbalances both result in an ill-adapted reaction to external challenges. This approach offers a neuro-computational model capable of linking predictive coding theories with electrophysiological findings, aiming to increase knowledge on the neuronal foundations of the two spectra features and stimulate hypothesis-driven rehabilitation/research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tarasi
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Jelena Trajkovic
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Stefano Diciotti
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe di Pellegrino
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Ursino
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy.
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Increasing and decreasing interregional brain coupling increases and decreases oscillatory activity in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100652118. [PMID: 34507986 PMCID: PMC8449322 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100652118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The origins of oscillatory activity in the brain are currently debated, but common to many hypotheses is the notion that they reflect interactions between brain areas. Here, we examine this possibility by manipulating the strength of coupling between two human brain regions, ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1), and examine the impact on oscillatory activity in the motor system measurable in the electroencephalogram. We either increased or decreased the strength of coupling while holding the impact on each component area in the pathway constant. This was achieved by stimulating PMv and M1 with paired pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation using two different patterns, only one of which increases the influence exerted by PMv over M1. While the stimulation protocols differed in their temporal patterning, they were comprised of identical numbers of pulses to M1 and PMv. We measured the impact on activity in alpha, beta, and theta bands during a motor task in which participants either made a preprepared action (Go) or withheld it (No-Go). Augmenting cortical connectivity between PMv and M1, by evoking synchronous pre- and postsynaptic activity in the PMv-M1 pathway, enhanced oscillatory beta and theta rhythms in Go and No-Go trials, respectively. Little change was observed in the alpha rhythm. By contrast, diminishing the influence of PMv over M1 decreased oscillatory beta and theta rhythms in Go and No-Go trials, respectively. This suggests that corticocortical communication frequencies in the PMv-M1 pathway can be manipulated following Hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity.
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Guidali G, Roncoroni C, Bolognini N. Paired associative stimulations: Novel tools for interacting with sensory and motor cortical plasticity. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113484. [PMID: 34302877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the early 2000s, a novel non-invasive brain stimulation protocol, the paired associative stimulation (PAS), was introduced, allowing to induce and investigate Hebbian associative plasticity within the humans' motor system, with patterns resembling spike-timing-dependent plasticity properties found in cellular models. Since this evidence, PAS efficacy has been proved in healthy, and to a lesser extent, in clinical populations. Recently, novel 'modified' protocols targeting sensorimotor and crossmodal networks appeared in the literature. In the present work, we have reviewed recent advances using these 'modified' PAS protocols targeting sensory and motor cortical networks. To better categorize them, we propose a novel classification according to the nature of the peripheral and cortical stimulations (i.e., within-system, cross-systems, and cortico-cortical PAS). For each protocol of the categories mentioned above, we describe and discuss their main features, how they have been used to study and promote brain plasticity, and their advantages and disadvantages. Overall, current evidence suggests that these novel non-invasive brain stimulation protocols represent very promising tools to study the plastic properties of humans' sensorimotor and crossmodal networks, both in the healthy and in the damaged central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Guidali
- Neurophysiology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Psychology & NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Camilla Roncoroni
- Department of Psychology & NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Bolognini
- Department of Psychology & NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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New Horizons on Non-invasive Brain Stimulation of the Social and Affective Cerebellum. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 21:482-496. [PMID: 34270081 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum is increasingly attracting scientists interested in basic and clinical research of neuromodulation. Here, we review available studies that used either transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to examine the role of the posterior cerebellum in different aspects of social and affective cognition, from mood regulation to emotion discrimination, and from the ability to identify biological motion to higher-level social inferences (mentalizing). We discuss how at the functional level the role of the posterior cerebellum in these different processes may be explained by a generic prediction mechanism and how the posterior cerebellum may exert this function within different cortico-cerebellar and cerebellar limbic networks involved in social cognition. Furthermore, we suggest to deepen our understanding of the cerebro-cerebellar circuits involved in different aspects of social cognition by employing promising stimulation approaches that have so far been primarily used to study cortical functions and networks, such as paired-pulse TMS, frequency-tuned stimulation, state-dependent protocols, and chronometric TMS. The ability to modulate cerebro-cerebellar connectivity opens up possible clinical applications for improving impairments in social and affective skills associated with cerebellar abnormalities.
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Roth Y, Tendler A, Arikan MK, Vidrine R, Kent D, Muir O, MacMillan C, Casuto L, Grammer G, Sauve W, Tolin K, Harvey S, Borst M, Rifkin R, Sheth M, Cornejo B, Rodriguez R, Shakir S, Porter T, Kim D, Peterson B, Swofford J, Roe B, Sinclair R, Harmelech T, Zangen A. Real-world efficacy of deep TMS for obsessive-compulsive disorder: Post-marketing data collected from twenty-two clinical sites. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:667-672. [PMID: 33183769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) with the H7-coil was FDA cleared for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in August 2018 based on multicenter sham-controlled studies. Here we look at the efficacy of dTMS for OCD in real world practices. METHODS All dTMS clinics were asked to supply their data on treatment details and outcome measures. The primary outcome measure was response, defined by at least a 30% reduction in the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) score from baseline to endpoint. Secondary outcome measures included first response, defined as the first time the YBOCS score has met response criteria, and at least one-month sustained response. Analyses included response rate at the endpoint (after 29 dTMS sessions), number of sessions and days required to reach first response and sustained response. RESULTS Twenty-two clinical sites with H7-coils provided data on details of treatment and outcome (YBOCS) measures from a total of 219 patients. One-hundred-sixty-seven patients who had at least one post-baseline YBOCS measure were included in the main analyses. Overall first and sustained response rates were 72.6% and 52.4%, respectively. The response rate was 57.9% in patients who had YBOCS scores after 29 dTMS sessions. First response was achieved in average after 18.5 sessions (SD = 9.4) or 31.6 days (SD = 25.2). Onset of sustained one-month response was achieved in average after 20 sessions (SD = 9.8) or 32.1 days (SD = 20.5). Average YBOCS scores demonstrated continuous reduction with increasing numbers of dTMS sessions. CONCLUSIONS In real-world clinical practice, the majority of OCD patients benefitted from dTMS, and the onset of improvement usually occurs within 20 sessions. Extending the treatment course beyond 29 sessions results in continued reduction of OCD symptoms, raising the prospect of value for extended treatment protocols in non-responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiftach Roth
- The Department of Life Sciences and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; BrainsWay Ltd, Israel.
| | - Aron Tendler
- The Department of Life Sciences and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; BrainsWay Ltd, Israel; Advanced Mental Health Care, 11903 Southern Blvd. Royal Palm Beach, FL 33411, USA
| | - Mehmet Kemal Arikan
- AKADEMIK Psychiatry& Psychotherapy Center Halaskargazi Cad. No: 103, Gün Apt, apartment: 4B 34371 Osmanbey - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ryan Vidrine
- TMS Health Solutions, 3300 WEBSTER STREET, SUITE #402 OAKLAND, CA, 94609, USA
| | - David Kent
- NuMe TMS, 2375 S Cobalt Point Way #102, Meridian, ID, 83642, USA
| | - Owen Muir
- Brooklyn Minds, 347 Grand St, Brooklyn, NY, 11211, USA
| | - Carlene MacMillan
- Brooklyn Minds, 10 W 37th Street, 5th Floor, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Leah Casuto
- Lindner Center of Hope, 4075 Old Western Row Rd, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Geoffrey Grammer
- Greenbrook TMS, 8405 Greensboro Drive, Suite 120 McLean, VA 22102, USA
| | - William Sauve
- Greenbrook TMS, 8405 Greensboro Drive, Suite 120 McLean, VA 22102, USA
| | - Kellie Tolin
- Greenbrook TMS, 1500 Sunday Dr #200, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Steven Harvey
- Greenbrook TMS, 11477, Olde Cabin Rd, Suite 210 St. Louis MO 63141, USA
| | - Misty Borst
- Greenbrook TMS, 8850, Stanford Boulevard, Suite 3300Columbia, MD 21045, USA
| | - Robert Rifkin
- Greenbrook TMS, 11477, Olde Cabin Rd, Suite 210 St. Louis MO 63141, USA
| | - Manish Sheth
- Achieve TMS, 5060 Shoreham Place Suite 100 San Diego, CA, 92122, USA
| | - Brandon Cornejo
- Achieve TMS, 516 SE Morrison St. Suite #309 Portland, OR, 97214, USA
| | - Raul Rodriguez
- Delray Center for Healing, 403 SE 1st St, Delray Beach, FL, 33483, USA
| | - Saad Shakir
- Silicon Valley TMS, 2039 Forest Ave Esthetician Freshman Classroom, San Jose, CA, 95128, USA
| | - Taylor Porter
- Prime TMS, 1811 Wakarusa Dr #102, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Deborah Kim
- 3535 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brent Peterson
- The family Living Institute, 1307 Jamestown Rd STE 202, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
| | - Julia Swofford
- TMS NW, 5512 NE 109th Ct ste n, Vancouver, WA, 98662, USA
| | - Brendan Roe
- TMS NW, 5512 NE 109th Ct ste n, Vancouver, WA, 98662, USA
| | | | | | - Abraham Zangen
- The Department of Life Sciences and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Guidali G, Roncoroni C, Bolognini N. Modulating Frontal Networks' Timing-Dependent-Like Plasticity With Paired Associative Stimulation Protocols: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:658723. [PMID: 33967723 PMCID: PMC8100231 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.658723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from the early 2000s, paired associative stimulation (PAS) protocols have been used in humans to study brain connectivity in motor and sensory networks by exploiting the intrinsic properties of timing-dependent cortical plasticity. In the last 10 years, PAS have also been developed to investigate the plastic properties of complex cerebral systems, such as the frontal ones, with promising results. In the present work, we review the most recent advances of this technique, focusing on protocols targeting frontal cortices to investigate connectivity and its plastic properties, subtending high-order cognitive functions like memory, decision-making, attentional, or emotional processing. Overall, current evidence reveals that PAS can be effectively used to assess, enhance or depress physiological connectivity within frontal networks in a timing-dependent way, in turn modulating cognitive processing in healthy and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Guidali
- Neurophysiology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Camilla Roncoroni
- Department of Psychology, NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Bolognini
- Department of Psychology, NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Ricci G, Magosso E, Ursino M. The Relationship between Oscillations in Brain Regions and Functional Connectivity: A Critical Analysis with the Aid of Neural Mass Models. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040487. [PMID: 33921414 PMCID: PMC8069852 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Propagation of brain rhythms among cortical regions is a relevant aspect of cognitive neuroscience, which is often investigated using functional connectivity (FC) estimation techniques. The aim of this work is to assess the relationship between rhythm propagation, FC and brain functioning using data generated from neural mass models of connected Regions of Interest (ROIs). We simulated networks of four interconnected ROIs, each with a different intrinsic rhythm (in θ, α, β and γ ranges). Connectivity was estimated using eight estimators and the relationship between structural connectivity and FC was assessed as a function of the connectivity strength and of the inputs to the ROIs. Results show that the Granger estimation provides the best accuracy, with a good capacity to evaluate the connectivity strength. However, the estimated values strongly depend on the input to the ROIs and hence on nonlinear phenomena. When a population works in the linear region, its capacity to transmit a rhythm increases drastically. Conversely, when it saturates, oscillatory activity becomes strongly affected by rhythms incoming from other regions. Changes in functional connectivity do not always reflect a physical change in the synapses. A unique connectivity network can propagate rhythms in very different ways depending on the specific working conditions.
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Fotia F, Cooke J, Van Dam L, Ferri F, Romei V. The temporal sensitivity to the tactile-induced double flash illusion mediates the impact of beta oscillations on schizotypal personality traits. Conscious Cogn 2021; 91:103121. [PMID: 33853020 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The coherent experience of the self and the world depends on the ability to integrate vs. segregate sensory information. Optimal temporal integration between the senses is mediated by oscillatory properties of neural activity. Previous research showed reduced temporal sensitivity to multisensory events in schizotypy, a personality trait linked to schizophrenia. Here we used the tactile-induced Double-Flash-Illusion (tDFI) to investigate the tactile-to-visual temporal sensitivity in schizotypy, as indexed by the temporal window of illusion (TWI) and its neural underpinnings. We measured EEG oscillations within the beta band, recently shown to correlate with the tDFI. We found individuals with higher schizotypal traits to have wider TWI and slower beta waves accounting for the temporal window within which they perceive the illusion. Our results indicate reduced tactile-to-visual temporal sensitivity to mediate the effect of slowed oscillatory beta activity on schizotypal personality traits. We conclude that slowed oscillatory patterns might constitute an early marker for psychosis proneness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesca Ferri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Universita' di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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Rossi S, Antal A, Bestmann S, Bikson M, Brewer C, Brockmöller J, Carpenter LL, Cincotta M, Chen R, Daskalakis JD, Di Lazzaro V, Fox MD, George MS, Gilbert D, Kimiskidis VK, Koch G, Ilmoniemi RJ, Lefaucheur JP, Leocani L, Lisanby SH, Miniussi C, Padberg F, Pascual-Leone A, Paulus W, Peterchev AV, Quartarone A, Rotenberg A, Rothwell J, Rossini PM, Santarnecchi E, Shafi MM, Siebner HR, Ugawa Y, Wassermann EM, Zangen A, Ziemann U, Hallett M. Safety and recommendations for TMS use in healthy subjects and patient populations, with updates on training, ethical and regulatory issues: Expert Guidelines. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:269-306. [PMID: 33243615 PMCID: PMC9094636 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article is based on a consensus conference, promoted and supported by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN), which took place in Siena (Italy) in October 2018. The meeting intended to update the ten-year-old safety guidelines for the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in research and clinical settings (Rossi et al., 2009). Therefore, only emerging and new issues are covered in detail, leaving still valid the 2009 recommendations regarding the description of conventional or patterned TMS protocols, the screening of subjects/patients, the need of neurophysiological monitoring for new protocols, the utilization of reference thresholds of stimulation, the managing of seizures and the list of minor side effects. New issues discussed in detail from the meeting up to April 2020 are safety issues of recently developed stimulation devices and pulse configurations; duties and responsibility of device makers; novel scenarios of TMS applications such as in the neuroimaging context or imaging-guided and robot-guided TMS; TMS interleaved with transcranial electrical stimulation; safety during paired associative stimulation interventions; and risks of using TMS to induce therapeutic seizures (magnetic seizure therapy). An update on the possible induction of seizures, theoretically the most serious risk of TMS, is provided. It has become apparent that such a risk is low, even in patients taking drugs acting on the central nervous system, at least with the use of traditional stimulation parameters and focal coils for which large data sets are available. Finally, new operational guidelines are provided for safety in planning future trials based on traditional and patterned TMS protocols, as well as a summary of the minimal training requirements for operators, and a note on ethics of neuroenhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rossi
- Department of Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Neuroscienze, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (SI-BIN Lab), University of Siena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Antal
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany; Institue of Medical Psychology, Otto-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sven Bestmann
- Department of Movement and Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carmen Brewer
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jürgen Brockmöller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Linda L Carpenter
- Butler Hospital, Brown University Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Massimo Cincotta
- Unit of Neurology of Florence - Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert Chen
- Krembil Research Institute and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeff D Daskalakis
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Roma, Italy
| | - Michael D Fox
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Mark S George
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Donald Gilbert
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vasilios K Kimiskidis
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Greece
| | | | - Risto J Ilmoniemi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland
| | - Jean Pascal Lefaucheur
- EA 4391, ENT Team, Faculty of Medicine, Paris Est Creteil University (UPEC), Créteil, France; Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, (APHP), Créteil, France
| | - Letizia Leocani
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Sarah H Lisanby
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Frank Padberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Guttmann Brain Health Institut, Institut Guttmann, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, Spain
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Angel V Peterchev
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Electrical & Computer Engineering, and Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Angelo Quartarone
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Rothwell
- Department of Movement and Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Paolo M Rossini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele-Pisana, Roma, Italy
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mouhsin M Shafi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yoshikatzu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Eric M Wassermann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abraham Zangen
- Zlotowski Center of Neuroscience, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Breveglieri R, Bosco A, Borgomaneri S, Tessari A, Galletti C, Avenanti A, Fattori P. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over the Human Medial Posterior Parietal Cortex Disrupts Depth Encoding During Reach Planning. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:267-280. [PMID: 32995831 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the view that the medial part of the posterior parietal cortex (mPPC) is involved in the planning of reaching, but while plenty of studies investigated reaching performed toward different directions, only a few studied different depths. Here, we investigated the causal role of mPPC (putatively, human area V6A-hV6A) in encoding depth and direction of reaching. Specifically, we applied single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the left hV6A at different time points while 15 participants were planning immediate, visually guided reaching by using different eye-hand configurations. We found that TMS delivered over hV6A 200 ms after the Go signal affected the encoding of the depth of reaching by decreasing the accuracy of movements toward targets located farther with respect to the gazed position, but only when they were also far from the body. The effectiveness of both retinotopic (farther with respect to the gaze) and spatial position (far from the body) is in agreement with the presence in the monkey V6A of neurons employing either retinotopic, spatial, or mixed reference frames during reach plan. This work provides the first causal evidence of the critical role of hV6A in the planning of visually guided reaching movements in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Breveglieri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bosco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Borgomaneri
- Center for studies and research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy.,IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Tessari
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Galletti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Center for studies and research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy.,Center for research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Catholic University of Maule, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Patrizia Fattori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
The development of the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the study of psychological functions has entered a new phase of sophistication. This is largely due to an increasing physiological knowledge of its effects and to its being used in combination with other experimental techniques. This review presents the current state of our understanding of the mechanisms of TMS in the context of designing and interpreting psychological experiments. We discuss the major conceptual advances in behavioral studies using TMS. There are meaningful physiological and technical achievements to review, as well as a wealth of new perceptual and cognitive experiments. In doing so we summarize the different uses and challenges of TMS in mental chronometry, perception, awareness, learning, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pitcher
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom;
| | - Beth Parkin
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, United Kingdom;
| | - Vincent Walsh
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom;
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41
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Koch G. Cortico-cortical connectivity: the road from basic neurophysiological interactions to therapeutic applications. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:1677-1684. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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The visual system as target of non-invasive brain stimulation for migraine treatment: Current insights and future challenges. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020. [PMID: 33008507 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The visual network is crucially implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine. Several lines of evidence indicate that migraine is characterized by an altered visual cortex excitability both during and between attacks. Visual symptoms, the most common clinical manifestation of migraine aura, are likely the result of cortical spreading depression originating from the extrastriate area V3A. Photophobia, a clinical hallmark of migraine, is linked to an abnormal sensory processing of the thalamus which is converged with the non-image forming visual pathway. Finally, visual snow is an increasingly recognized persistent visual phenomenon in migraine, possibly caused by increased perception of subthreshold visual stimuli. Emerging research in non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has vastly developed into a diversity of areas with promising potential. One of its clinical applications is the single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) applied over the occipital cortex which has been approved for treating migraine with aura, albeit limited evidence. Studies have also investigated other NIBS techniques, such as repetitive TMS (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), for migraine prophylaxis but with conflicting results. As a dynamic brain disorder with widespread pathophysiology, targeting migraine with NIBS is challenging. Furthermore, unlike the motor cortex, evidence suggests that the visual cortex may be less plastic. Controversy exists as to whether the same fundamental principles of NIBS, based mainly on findings in the motor cortex, can be applied to the visual cortex. This review aims to explore existing literature surrounding NIBS studies on the visual system of migraine. We will first provide an overview highlighting the direct implication of the visual network in migraine. Next, we will focus on the rationale behind using NIBS for migraine treatment, including its effects on the visual cortex, and the shortcomings of currently available evidence. Finally, we propose a broader perspective of how novel approaches, the concept of brain networks and the integration of multimodal imaging with computational modeling, can help refine current NIBS methods, with the ultimate goal of optimizing a more individualized treatment for migraine.
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Maddaluno O, Guidali G, Zazio A, Miniussi C, Bolognini N. Touch anticipation mediates cross-modal Hebbian plasticity in the primary somatosensory cortex. Cortex 2020; 126:173-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Grasso PA, Gallina J, Bertini C. Shaping the visual system: cortical and subcortical plasticity in the intact and the lesioned brain. Neuropsychologia 2020; 142:107464. [PMID: 32289349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Visual system is endowed with an incredibly complex organization composed of multiple visual pathway affording both hierarchical and parallel processing. Even if most of the visual information is conveyed by the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus and then to primary visual cortex, a wealth of alternative subcortical pathways is present. This complex organization is experience dependent and retains plastic properties throughout the lifespan enabling the system with a continuous update of its functions in response to variable external needs. Changes can be induced by several factors including learning and experience but can also be promoted by the use non-invasive brain stimulation techniques. Furthermore, besides the astonishing ability of our visual system to spontaneously reorganize after injuries, we now know that the exposure to specific rehabilitative training can produce not only important functional modifications but also long-lasting changes within cortical and subcortical structures. The present review aims to update and address the current state of the art on these topics gathering studies that reported relevant modifications of visual functioning together with plastic changes within cortical and subcortical structures both in the healthy and in the lesioned visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo A Grasso
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, 50135, Italy.
| | - Jessica Gallina
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40127, Italy; CsrNC, Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, 47521, Italy
| | - Caterina Bertini
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40127, Italy; CsrNC, Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, 47521, Italy
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45
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Sabel BA, Thut G, Haueisen J, Henrich-Noack P, Herrmann CS, Hunold A, Kammer T, Matteo B, Sergeeva EG, Waleszczyk W, Antal A. Vision modulation, plasticity and restoration using non-invasive brain stimulation – An IFCN-sponsored review. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:887-911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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46
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Tendler A, Sisko E, Barnea-Ygael N, Zangen A, Storch EA. A Method to Provoke Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms for Basic Research and Clinical Interventions. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:814. [PMID: 31824345 PMCID: PMC6882501 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) was recently confirmed in a Food and Drug Administration-regulated, multicenter, sham-controlled study. In this study, patients who failed pharmacotherapy underwent individually tailored provocations just prior to each stimulation session, in the attempt to activate the relevant circuitry and making it labile to change. The procedure that was developed reliably evoked moderate intensity symptoms, making it effective on the one hand and mild enough to allow the patient to continue with the dTMS session on the other. This methodology article describes in a detailed step wise fashion how to evaluate the patient's specific symptoms and design the individualized provocations. Additionally, the article explains how to instruct relevant personnel to administer the provocations, gauge their efficacy, and overcome possible obstacles. This method, apart from its ongoing role in the clinical treatment of OCD by dTMS, may be used for provocation of symptoms in basic studies [e.g., imaging with Electroencephalogram (EEG) or Functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI] as well as other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Tendler
- Brainsway Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel
- Advanced Mental Health Care, Inc., Palm Beach, FL, United States
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Elyssa Sisko
- Advanced Mental Health Care, Inc., Palm Beach, FL, United States
| | - Noam Barnea-Ygael
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Abraham Zangen
- Brainsway Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Eric A. Storch
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Electroencephalogram, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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47
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Hebbian associative plasticity in the visuo-tactile domain: A cross-modal paired associative stimulation protocol. Neuroimage 2019; 201:116025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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48
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Asher JM, Romei V, Hibbard PB. Spatial Frequency Tuning and Transfer of Perceptual Learning for Motion Coherence Reflects the Tuning Properties of Global Motion Processing. Vision (Basel) 2019; 3:vision3030044. [PMID: 31735845 PMCID: PMC6802806 DOI: 10.3390/vision3030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceptual learning is typically highly specific to the stimuli and task used during training. However, recently, it has been shown that training on global motion can transfer to untrained tasks, reflecting the generalising properties of mechanisms at this level of processing. We investigated (i) if feedback was required for learning in a motion coherence task, (ii) the transfer across the spatial frequency of training on a global motion coherence task and (iii) the transfer of this training to a measure of contrast sensitivity. For our first experiment, two groups, with and without feedback, trained for ten days on a broadband motion coherence task. Results indicated that feedback was a requirement for robust learning. For the second experiment, training consisted of five days of direction discrimination using one of three motion coherence stimuli (where individual elements were comprised of either broadband Gaussian blobs or low- or high-frequency random-dot Gabor patches), with trial-by-trial auditory feedback. A pre- and post-training assessment was conducted for each of the three types of global motion coherence conditions and high and low spatial frequency contrast sensitivity (both without feedback). Our training paradigm was successful at eliciting improvement in the trained tasks over the five days. Post-training assessments found evidence of transfer for the motion coherence task exclusively for the group trained on low spatial frequency elements. For the contrast sensitivity tasks, improved performance was observed for low- and high-frequency stimuli, following motion coherence training with broadband stimuli, and for low-frequency stimuli, following low-frequency training. Our findings are consistent with perceptual learning, which depends on the global stage of motion processing in higher cortical areas, which is broadly tuned for spatial frequency, with a preference for low frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi M. Asher
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK; (V.R.); (P.B.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK; (V.R.); (P.B.H.)
- Dipartimento di Psicologia and Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Campus di Cesena, Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Paul B. Hibbard
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK; (V.R.); (P.B.H.)
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49
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Rodrigues de Almeida L, Pope PA, Hansen PC. Task load modulates tDCS effects on language performance. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1430-1454. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A. Pope
- School of Psychology University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
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50
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Edwards G, Agosta S, Herpich F, Contò F, Parrott D, Tyler S, Grossman ED, Battelli L. Prolonged Neuromodulation of Cortical Networks Following Low-Frequency rTMS and Its Potential for Clinical Interventions. Front Psychol 2019; 10:529. [PMID: 30915006 PMCID: PMC6423083 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation safely induces persistent large-scale neural modulation in functionally connected brain circuits. Interruption models of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) capitalize on the acute impact of brain stimulation, which decays over minutes. However, rTMS also induces longer-lasting impact on cortical functions, evident by the use of multi-session rTMS in clinical population for therapeutic purposes. Defining the persistent cortical dynamics induced by rTMS is complicated by the complex balance of excitation and inhibition among functionally connected networks. Nonetheless, it is these neuronal dynamic responses that are essential for the development of new neuromodulatory protocols for translational applications. We will review evidence of prolonged changes of cortical response, tens of minutes following one session of low frequency rTMS over the cortex. We will focus on the different methods which resulted in prolonged behavioral and brain changes, such as the combination of brain stimulation techniques, and individually tailored stimulation protocols. We will also highlight studies which apply these methods in multi-session stimulation practices to extend stimulation impact into weeks and months. Our data and others' indicate that delayed cortical dynamics may persist much longer than previously thought and have potential as an extended temporal window during which cortical plasticity may be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Edwards
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sara Agosta
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Florian Herpich
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Federica Contò
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Danielle Parrott
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Sarah Tyler
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Emily D. Grossman
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Lorella Battelli
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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