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Mignot C, Weise S, Podlesek D, Leonhardt G, Bensafi M, Hummel T. What do brain oscillations tell about the human sense of smell? J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25335. [PMID: 38634155 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Brain activity may manifest itself as oscillations which are repetitive rhythms of neuronal firing. These local field potentials can be measured via intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG). This review focuses on iEEG used to map human brain structures involved in olfaction. After presenting the methodology of the review, a summary of the brain structures involved in olfaction is given, followed by a review of the literature on human olfactory oscillations in different contexts. A single case is provided as an illustration of the olfactory oscillations. Overall, the timing and sequence of oscillations found in the different structures of the olfactory system seem to play an important role for olfactory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Mignot
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Weise
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dino Podlesek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Leonhardt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moustafa Bensafi
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS-INSERM-University Claude Bernard of Lyon, CH Le Vinatier, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Su M, Hu K, Liu W, Wu Y, Wang T, Cao C, Sun B, Zhan S, Ye Z. Theta Oscillations Support Prefrontal-hippocampal Interactions in Sequential Working Memory. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:147-156. [PMID: 37847448 PMCID: PMC10838883 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus may support sequential working memory beyond episodic memory and spatial navigation. This stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) study investigated how the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) interacts with the hippocampus in the online processing of sequential information. Twenty patients with epilepsy (eight women, age 27.6 ± 8.2 years) completed a line ordering task with SEEG recordings over the DLPFC and the hippocampus. Participants showed longer thinking times and more recall errors when asked to arrange random lines clockwise (random trials) than to maintain ordered lines (ordered trials) before recalling the orientation of a particular line. First, the ordering-related increase in thinking time and recall error was associated with a transient theta power increase in the hippocampus and a sustained theta power increase in the DLPFC (3-10 Hz). In particular, the hippocampal theta power increase correlated with the memory precision of line orientation. Second, theta phase coherences between the DLPFC and hippocampus were enhanced for ordering, especially for more precisely memorized lines. Third, the theta band DLPFC → hippocampus influence was selectively enhanced for ordering, especially for more precisely memorized lines. This study suggests that theta oscillations may support DLPFC-hippocampal interactions in the online processing of sequential information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Su
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kejia Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yunhao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chunyan Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shikun Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zheng Ye
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Abstract
Historically, the human sense of smell has been regarded as the odd stepchild of the senses, especially compared to the sensory bravado of seeing, touching, and hearing. The idea that the human olfaction has little to contribute to our experience of the world is commonplace, though with the emergence of COVID-19 there has rather been a sea change in this understanding. An ever increasing body of work has convincingly highlighted the keen capabilities of the human nose and the sophistication of the human olfactory system. Here, we provide a concise overview of the neuroscience of human olfaction spanning the last 10-15 years, with focus on the peripheral and central mechanisms that underlie how odor information is processed, packaged, parceled, predicted, and perturbed to serve odor-guided behaviors. We conclude by offering some guideposts for harnessing the next decade of olfactory research in all its shapes and forms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jay A Gottfried
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Heldmann M, Rohde LS, Münte TF, Ye Z. Cross-frequency and inter-regional phase synchronization in explicit transitive inference. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad494. [PMID: 38112627 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Explicit logical reasoning, like transitive inference, is a hallmark of human intelligence. This study investigated cortical oscillations and their interactions in transitive inference with EEG. Participants viewed premises describing abstract relations among items. They accurately recalled the relationship between old pairs of items, effectively inferred the relationship between new pairs of items, and discriminated between true and false relationships for new pairs. First, theta (4-7 Hz) and alpha oscillations (8-15 Hz) had distinct functional roles. Frontal theta oscillations distinguished between new and old pairs, reflecting the inference of new information. Parietal alpha oscillations changed with serial position and symbolic distance of the pairs, representing the underlying relational structure. Frontal alpha oscillations distinguished between true and false pairs, linking the new information with the underlying relational structure. Second, theta and alpha oscillations interacted through cross-frequency and inter-regional phase synchronization. Frontal theta-alpha 1:2 phase locking appeared to coordinate spectrally diverse neural activity, enhanced for new versus old pairs and true versus false pairs. Alpha-band frontal-parietal phase coherence appeared to coordinate anatomically distributed neural activity, enhanced for new versus old pairs and false versus true pairs. It suggests that cross-frequency and inter-regional phase synchronization among theta and alpha oscillations supports human transitive inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Heldmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23538, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23538, Germany
| | | | - Thomas F Münte
- Center for Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23538, Germany
| | - Zheng Ye
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Dikeçligil GN, Yang AI, Sanghani N, Lucas T, Chen HI, Davis KA, Gottfried JA. Odor representations from the two nostrils are temporally segregated in human piriform cortex. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5275-5287.e5. [PMID: 37924807 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The human olfactory system has two discrete channels of sensory input, arising from olfactory epithelia housed in the left and right nostrils. Here, we asked whether the primary olfactory cortex (piriform cortex [PC]) encodes odor information arising from the two nostrils as integrated or distinct stimuli. We recorded intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) signals directly from PC while human subjects participated in an odor identification task where odors were delivered to the left, right, or both nostrils. We analyzed the time course of odor identity coding using machine-learning approaches and found that uni-nostril odor inputs to the ipsilateral nostril are encoded ∼480-ms faster than odor inputs to the contralateral nostril on average. During naturalistic bi-nostril odor sampling, odor information emerged in two temporally segregated epochs, with the first epoch corresponding to the ipsilateral and the second epoch corresponding to the contralateral odor representations. These findings reveal that PC maintains distinct representations of odor input from each nostril through temporal segregation, highlighting an olfactory coding scheme at the cortical level that can parse odor information across nostrils within the course of a single inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülce Nazlı Dikeçligil
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Andrew I Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Nisha Sanghani
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timothy Lucas
- Department of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - H Isaac Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn A Davis
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jay A Gottfried
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Dikecligil GN, Yang AI, Sanghani N, Lucas T, Chen HI, Davis KA, Gottfried JA. Odor representations from the two nostrils are temporally segregated in human piriform cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.14.528521. [PMID: 36824705 PMCID: PMC9948982 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.528521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The human olfactory system has two discrete channels of sensory input, arising from olfactory epithelia housed in the left and right nostrils. Here, we asked whether primary olfactory cortex (piriform cortex, PC) encodes odor information arising from the two nostrils as integrated or distinct stimuli. We recorded intracranial EEG signals directly from PC while human subjects participated in an odor identification task where odors were delivered to the left, right, or both nostrils. We analyzed the time-course of odor-identity coding using machine learning approaches, and found that uni-nostril odor inputs to the ipsilateral nostril are encoded ~480 ms faster than odor inputs to the contralateral nostril on average. During naturalistic bi-nostril odor sampling, odor information emerged in two temporally segregated epochs with the first epoch corresponding to the ipsilateral and the second epoch corresponding to the contralateral odor representations. These findings reveal that PC maintains distinct representations of odor input from each nostril through temporal segregation, highlighting an olfactory coding scheme at the cortical level that can parse odor information across nostrils within the course of a single inhalation.
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Morozova M, Bikbavova A, Bulanov V, Lebedev MA. An olfactory-based Brain-Computer Interface: electroencephalography changes during odor perception and discrimination. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1122849. [PMID: 37397128 PMCID: PMC10309181 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1122849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are devices designed for establishing communication between the central nervous system and a computer. The communication can occur through different sensory modalities, and most commonly visual and auditory modalities are used. Here we propose that BCIs can be expanded by the incorporation of olfaction and discuss the potential applications of such olfactory BCIs. To substantiate this idea, we present results from two olfactory tasks: one that required attentive perception of odors without any overt report, and the second one where participants discriminated consecutively presented odors. In these experiments, EEG recordings were conducted in healthy participants while they performed the tasks guided by computer-generated verbal instructions. We emphasize the importance of relating EEG modulations to the breath cycle to improve the performance of an olfactory-based BCI. Furthermore, theta-activity could be used for olfactory-BCI decoding. In our experiments, we observed modulations of theta activity over the frontal EEG leads approximately 2 s after the inhalation of an odor. Overall, frontal theta rhythms and other types of EEG activity could be incorporated in the olfactory-based BCIs which utilize odors either as inputs or outputs. These BCIs could improve olfactory training required for conditions like anosmia and hyposmia, and mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Morozova
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alsu Bikbavova
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Mikhail A. Lebedev
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology, I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Trigeminal stimulation is required for neural representations of bimodal odor localization: A time-resolved multivariate EEG and fNIRS study. Neuroimage 2023; 269:119903. [PMID: 36708974 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas neural representations of spatial information are commonly studied in vision, olfactory stimuli might also be able to create such representations via the trigeminal system. We explored in two independent multi-method electroencephalography-functional near-infrared spectroscopy (EEG+fNIRS) experiments (n1=18, n2=14) if monorhinal odor stimuli can evoke spatial representations in the brain. We tested whether this representation depends on trigeminal properties of the stimulus, and if the retention in short-term memory follows the "sensorimotor recruitment theory", using multivariate representational similarity analysis (RSA). We demonstrate that the delta frequency band up to 5 Hz across the scull entail spatial information of which nostril has been stimulated. Delta frequencies were localized in a network involving primary and secondary olfactory, motor-sensory and occipital regions. RSA on fNIRS data showed that monorhinal stimulations evoke neuronal representations in motor-sensory regions and that this representation is kept stable beyond the time of perception. These effects were no longer valid when the odor stimulus did not sufficiently stimulate the trigeminal nerve as well. Our results are first evidence that the trigeminal system can create spatial representations of bimodal odors in the brain and that these representations follow similar principles as the other sensory systems.
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Fan Y, Luo H. Reactivating ordinal position information from auditory sequence memory in human brains. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5924-5936. [PMID: 36460611 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Retaining a sequence of events in their order is a core ability of many cognitive functions, such as speech recognition, movement control, and episodic memory. Although content representations have been widely studied in working memory (WM), little is known about how ordinal position information of an auditory sequence is retained in the human brain as well as its coding characteristics. In fact, there is still a lack of an efficient approach to directly accessing the stored ordinal position code during WM retention. Here, 31 participants performed an auditory sequence WM task with their brain activities recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). We developed new triggering events that could successfully reactivate neural representations of ordinal position during the delay period. Importantly, the ordinal position reactivation is further related to recognition behavior, confirming its indexing of WM storage. Furthermore, the ordinal position code displays an intriguing “stable-dynamic” format, i.e. undergoing the same dynamic neutral trajectory in the multivariate neural space during both encoding and retention (whenever reactivated). Overall, our results provide an effective approach to accessing the behaviorally-relevant ordinal position information in auditory sequence WM and reveal its new temporal characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- Peking University School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, , Haidian District, 100871, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University , Haidian District, 100871, Beijing , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University , Haidian District, 100871, Beijing , China
| | - Huan Luo
- Peking University School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, , Haidian District, 100871, Beijing , China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University , Haidian District, 100871, Beijing , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University , Haidian District, 100871, Beijing , China
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Jiang M, Dimitriadis S, Seet MS, Hamano J, Saba M, Thakor NV, Dragomir A. Multilayer Network Framework Reveals Cross-Frequency Coupling Hubs in Cortical Olfactory Perception. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:3338-3341. [PMID: 36085838 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory perception is shaped by dynamic in-teractions among networks of widely distributed brain regions involved in several neurocognitive processes. However, the neural mechanisms that enable effective coordination and integrative processing across these brain regions, which have different functions and operating characteristics, are not yet fully understood. In this study we use electroencephalography (EEG) signals and a multilayer network formalism to model cross-frequency coupling across the brain and identify brain regions that operate as connecting hubs, thus facilitating inte-grative function. To this goal, we investigate α-γ coupling and θ-γ coupling during exposure to olfactory stimuli of different pleasantness levels. We found that a wider distributed network of hubs emerges in the higher pleasantness condition and that significant differences in the hub connectivity are located in the middle frontal and central regions. Our results indicate the consistent functional role that γ band activity plays in information integration in olfactory perception.
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Bach DR. Aversive conditioning: Principles of memory storage in sensory cortex. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R426-R428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chee K, Razmara A, Geller AS, Harris WB, Restrepo D, Thompson JA, Kramer DR. The role of the piriform cortex in temporal lobe epilepsy: A current literature review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1042887. [PMID: 36479052 PMCID: PMC9720270 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1042887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of focal epilepsy and can have various detrimental consequences within many neurologic domains. Recent evidence suggests that the piriform cortex may also be implicated in seizure physiology. The piriform cortex is a primary component of the olfactory network and is located at the junction of the frontal and temporal lobes, wrapping around the entorhinal sulcus. Similar to the hippocampus, it is a tri-layered allocortical structure, with connections to many adjacent regions including the orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, peri- and entorhinal cortices, and insula. Both animal and human studies have implicated the piriform cortex as a critical node in the temporal lobe epilepsy network. It has additionally been shown that resection of greater than half of the piriform cortex may significantly increase the odds of achieving seizure freedom. Laser interstitial thermal therapy has also been shown to be an effective treatment strategy with recent evidence hinting that ablation of the piriform cortex may be important for seizure control as well. We propose that sampling piriform cortex in intracranial stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) procedures with the use of a temporal pole or amygdalar electrode would be beneficial for further understanding the role of the piriform cortex in temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keanu Chee
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ashkaun Razmara
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Aaron S Geller
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - William B Harris
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Diego Restrepo
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - John A Thompson
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel R Kramer
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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