1
|
Burillo E, Ortega R, Vander Schoor JK, Martínez-Fernández I, Weller JL, Bombarely A, Balanzà V, Ferrándiz C. Seed production determines the entrance to dormancy of the inflorescence meristem of Pisum sativum and the end of the flowering period. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14425. [PMID: 38982330 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Flowering plants adjust their reproductive period to maximize the success of the offspring. Monocarpic plants, those with a single reproductive cycle that precedes plant senescence and death, tightly regulate both flowering initiation and flowering cessation. The end of the flowering period involves the arrest of the inflorescence meristem activity, known as proliferative arrest, in what has been interpreted as an evolutionary adaptation to maximize the allocation of resources to seed production and the viability of the progeny. Factors influencing proliferative arrest were described for several monocarpic plant species many decades ago, but only in the last few years studies performed in Arabidopsis have allowed to approach proliferative arrest regulation in a comprehensive manner by studying the physiology, hormone dynamics, and genetic factors involved in its regulation. However, these studies remain restricted to Arabidopsis and there is a need to expand our knowledge to other monocarpic species to propose general mechanisms controlling the process. In this work, we have characterized proliferative arrest in Pisum sativum, trying to parallel available studies in Arabidopsis to maximize this comparative framework. We have assessed quantitatively the role of fruits/seeds in the process, the influence of the positional effect of these fruits/seeds in the behavior of the inflorescence meristem, and the transcriptomic changes in the inflorescence associated with the arrested state of the meristem. Our results support a high conservation of the factors triggering arrest in pea and Arabidopsis, but also reveal differences reinforcing the need to perform similar studies in other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Burillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raul Ortega
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jacqueline K Vander Schoor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Irene Martínez-Fernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - James L Weller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Balanzà
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Ferrándiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Imai S, Hirozawa H, Sugahara S, Ishizaki C, Higuchi M, Matsushita Y, Suzuki T, Mochizuki N, Nagatani A, Ueguchi C. The CRK14 gene encoding a cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase is implicated in the regulation of global proliferative arrest in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes Cells 2024. [PMID: 38938200 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Global proliferative arrest (GPA) is a phenomenon in monocarpic plants in which the activity of all aboveground meristems generally ceases in a nearly coordinated manner after the formation of a certain number of fruits. Despite the fact that GPA is a biologically and agriculturally important event, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the molecular mechanism of GPA regulation by identifying the gene responsible for the Arabidopsis mutant fireworks (fiw), causing an early GPA phenotype. Map-based cloning revealed that the fiw gene encodes CYSTEIN-RICH RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 14 (CRK14). Genetic analysis suggested that fiw is a missense, gain-of-function allele of CRK14. Since overexpression of the extracellular domain of CRK14 resulted in delayed GPA in the wild-type background, we concluded that CRK14 is involved in GPA regulation. Analysis of double mutants revealed that fiw acts downstream of or independently of the FRUITFULL-APETALA2 (AP2)/AP2-like pathway, which was previously reported as an age-dependent default pathway in GPA regulation. In addition, fiw is epistatic to clv with respect to GPA control. Furthermore, we found a negative effect on WUSCHEL expression in the fiw mutants. These results thus suggest the existence of a novel CRK14-dependent signaling pathway involved in GPA regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Imai
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Function, Graduate school of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hirozawa
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Function, Graduate school of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Sugahara
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Function, Graduate school of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chisato Ishizaki
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Function, Graduate school of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayu Higuchi
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Function, Graduate school of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuma Matsushita
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Function, Graduate school of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Mochizuki
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Nagatani
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ueguchi
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Function, Graduate school of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martínez-Fernández I, Fourquin C, Lindsay D, Berbel A, Balanzà V, Huang S, Dalmais M, LeSignor C, Bendahmane A, Warkentin TD, Madueño F, Ferrándiz C. Analysis of pea mutants reveals the conserved role of FRUITFULL controlling the end of flowering and its potential to boost yield. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321975121. [PMID: 38557190 PMCID: PMC11009629 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321975121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Monocarpic plants have a single reproductive phase in their life. Therefore, flower and fruit production are restricted to the length of this period. This reproductive strategy involves the regulation of flowering cessation by a coordinated arrest of the growth of the inflorescence meristems, optimizing resource allocation to ensure seed filling. Flowering cessation appears to be a regulated phenomenon in all monocarpic plants. Early studies in several species identified seed production as a major factor triggering inflorescence proliferative arrest. Recently, genetic factors controlling inflorescence arrest, in parallel to the putative signals elicited by seed production, have started to be uncovered in Arabidopsis, with the MADS-box gene FRUITFULL (FUL) playing a central role in the process. However, whether the genetic network regulating arrest is also at play in other species is completely unknown. Here, we show that this role of FUL is not restricted to Arabidopsis but is conserved in another monocarpic species with a different inflorescence structure, field pea, strongly suggesting that the network controlling the end of flowering is common to other plants. Moreover, field trials with lines carrying mutations in pea FUL genes show that they could be used to boost crop yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez-Fernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia46022, Spain
| | - Chloe Fourquin
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia46022, Spain
| | - Donna Lindsay
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bio-Resources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N5A8, Canada
| | - Ana Berbel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia46022, Spain
| | - Vicente Balanzà
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia46022, Spain
| | - Shaoming Huang
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bio-Resources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N5A8, Canada
| | - Marion Dalmais
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette91190, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette91190, France
| | - Christine LeSignor
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon21000, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette91190, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette91190, France
| | - Thomas D. Warkentin
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bio-Resources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N5A8, Canada
| | - Francisco Madueño
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia46022, Spain
| | - Cristina Ferrándiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia46022, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deng H, Hou Q, Wen Z, Yu R, Cao X, Shang C, Cai X, Qiao G. Chinese cherry CpMYB44-CpSPDS2 module regulates spermidine content and florescence in tobacco. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14300. [PMID: 38629194 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The flower bud differentiation plays a crucial role in cherry yield and quality. In a preliminary study, we revealed the promotion of spermidine (Spd) in bud differentiation and quality. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Spd regulating cherry bud differentiation remains unclear. To address this research gap, we cloned CpSPDS2, a gene that encodes Spd synthase and is highly expressed in whole flowers and pistils of the Chinese cherry (cv. 'Manaohong'). Furthermore, an overexpression vector with this gene was constructed to transform tobacco plants. The findings demonstrated that transgenic lines exhibited higher Spd content, an earlier flowering time by 6 d, and more lateral buds and flowers than wild-type lines. Additionally, yeast one-hybrid assays and two-luciferase experiments confirmed that the R2R3-MYB transcription factor (CpMYB44) directly binds to and activates the CpSPDS2 promoter transcription. It is indicated that CpMYB44 promotes Spd accumulation via regulating CpSPDS2 expression, thus accelerating the flower growth. This research provides a basis for resolving the molecular mechanism of CpSPDS2 involved in cherry bud differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-bioengineering /College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qiandong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-bioengineering /College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhuang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-bioengineering /College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Runrun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-bioengineering /College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xuejiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-bioengineering /College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chunqiong Shang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-bioengineering /College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-bioengineering /College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-bioengineering /College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu S, Da L, Xiao Q, Pan Q, Zhang J, Yang J. ASAP: a platform for gene functional analysis in Angelica sinensis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:96. [PMID: 38262929 PMCID: PMC10804808 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angelica sinensis (Danggui), a renowned medicinal orchid, has gained significant recognition for its therapeutic effects in treating a wide range of ailments. Genome information serves as a valuable resource, enabling researchers to gain a deeper understanding of gene function. In recent times, the availability of chromosome-level genomes for A. sinensis has opened up vast opportunities for exploring gene functionality. Integrating multiomics data can allow researchers to unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying gene function in A. sinensis and further enhance our knowledge of its medicinal properties. RESULTS In this study, we utilized genomic and transcriptomic data to construct a coexpression network for A. sinensis. To annotate genes, we aligned them with sequences from various databases, such as the NR, TAIR, trEMBL, UniProt, and SwissProt databases. For GO and KEGG annotations, we employed InterProScan and GhostKOALA software. Additionally, gene families were predicted using iTAK, HMMER, OrholoFinder, and KEGG annotation. To facilitate gene functional analysis in A. sinensis, we developed a comprehensive platform that integrates genomic and transcriptomic data with processed functional annotations. The platform includes several tools, such as BLAST, GSEA, Heatmap, JBrowse, and Sequence Extraction. This integrated resource and approach will enable researchers to explore the functional aspects of genes in A. sinensis more effectively. CONCLUSION We developed a platform, named ASAP, to facilitate gene functional analysis in A. sinensis. ASAP ( www.gzybioinformatics.cn/ASAP ) offers a comprehensive collection of genome data, transcriptome resources, and analysis tools. This platform serves as a valuable resource for researchers conducting gene functional research in their projects, providing them with the necessary data and tools to enhance their studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silan Wu
- Resource Institute for Chinese and Ethnic Materia MedicaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Lingling Da
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xiao
- Resource Institute for Chinese and Ethnic Materia MedicaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, 550025, China.
| | - Qi Pan
- Resource Institute for Chinese and Ethnic Materia MedicaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Resource Institute for Chinese and Ethnic Materia MedicaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Jiaotong Yang
- Resource Institute for Chinese and Ethnic Materia MedicaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Paull RE, Ksouri N, Kantar M, Zerpa‐Catanho D, Chen NJ, Uruu G, Yue J, Guo S, Zheng Y, Wai CMJ, Ming R. Differential gene expression during floral transition in pineapple. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e541. [PMID: 38028646 PMCID: PMC10644199 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Pineapple (Ananas comosus var. comosus) and ornamental bromeliads are commercially induced to flower by treatment with ethylene or its analogs. The apex is transformed from a vegetative to a floral meristem and shows morphological changes in 8 to 10 days, with flowers developing 8 to 10 weeks later. During eight sampling stages ranging from 6 h to 8 days after treatment, 7961 genes were found to exhibit differential expression (DE) after the application of ethylene. In the first 3 days after treatment, there was little change in ethylene synthesis or in the early stages of the ethylene response. Subsequently, three ethylene response transcription factors (ERTF) were up-regulated and the potential gene targets were predicted to be the positive flowering regulator CONSTANS-like 3 (CO), a WUSCHEL gene, two APETALA1/FRUITFULL (AP1/FUL) genes, an epidermal patterning gene, and a jasmonic acid synthesis gene. We confirm that pineapple has lost the flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C. At the initial stages, the SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) was not significantly involved in this transition. Another WUSCHEL gene and a PHD homeobox transcription factor, though not apparent direct targets of ERTF, were up-regulated within a day of treatment, their predicted targets being the up-regulated CO, auxin response factors, SQUAMOSA, and histone H3 genes with suppression of abscisic acid response genes. The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), TERMINAL FLOWER (TFL), AGAMOUS-like APETELAR (AP2), and SEPETALA (SEP) increased rapidly within 2 to 3 days after ethylene treatment. Two FT genes were up-regulated at the apex and not at the leaf bases after treatment, suggesting that transport did not occur. These results indicated that the ethylene response in pineapple and possibly most bromeliads act directly to promote the vegetative to flower transition via APETALA1/FRUITFULL (AP1/FUL) and its interaction with SPL, FT, TFL, SEP, and AP2. A model based on AP2/ERTF DE and predicted DE target genes was developed to give focus to future research. The identified candidate genes are potential targets for genetic manipulation to determine their molecular role in flower transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Paull
- Tropical Plant & Soil SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Najla Ksouri
- Laboratory of Genomics, Genetics and Breeding of Fruits and Grapevine, Experimental Aula Dei‐CSICZaragozaSpain
| | - Michael Kantar
- Tropical Plant & Soil SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | | | - Nancy Jung Chen
- Tropical Plant & Soil SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Gail Uruu
- Tropical Plant & Soil SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Jingjing Yue
- Center for Genomics and BiotechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Shiyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational MedicineKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Yun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational MedicineKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingYunnanChina
| | | | - Ray Ming
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Center for Genomics and BiotechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Karami O, Mueller-Roeber B, Rahimi A. The central role of stem cells in determining plant longevity variation. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100566. [PMID: 36840355 PMCID: PMC10504568 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants display a huge variety of longevity patterns, from a few weeks for several annual species up to thousands of years for some perennial species. Understanding how longevity variation is structured has long been considered a fundamental aspect of the life sciences in view of evolution, species distribution, and adaptation to diverse environments. Unlike animals, whose organs are typically formed during embryogenesis, vascular plants manage to extend their life by continuously producing new tissues and organs in apical and lateral directions via proliferation of stem cells located within specialized tissues called meristems. Stem cells are the main source of plant longevity. Variation in plant longevity is highly dependent on the activity and fate identity of stem cells. Multiple developmental factors determine how stem cells contribute to variation in plant longevity. In this review, we provide an overview of the genetic mechanisms, hormonal signaling, and environmental factors involved in controlling plant longevity through long-term maintenance of stem cell fate identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Karami
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arezoo Rahimi
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang L, Wan MC, Liao RY, Xu J, Xu ZG, Xue HC, Mai YX, Wang JW. The maturation and aging trajectory of Marchantia polymorpha at single-cell resolution. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1429-1444.e6. [PMID: 37321217 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bryophytes represent a sister to the rest of land plants. Despite their evolutionary importance and relatively simple body plan, a comprehensive understanding of the cell types and transcriptional states that underpin the temporal development of bryophytes has not been achieved. Using time-resolved single-cell RNA sequencing, we define the cellular taxonomy of Marchantia polymorpha across asexual reproduction phases. We identify two maturation and aging trajectories of the main plant body of M. polymorpha at single-cell resolution: the gradual maturation of tissues and organs along the tip-to-base axis of the midvein and the progressive decline of meristem activities in the tip along the chronological axis. Specifically, we observe that the latter aging axis is temporally correlated with the formation of clonal propagules, suggesting an ancient strategy to optimize allocation of resources to producing offspring. Our work thus provides insights into the cellular heterogeneity that underpins the temporal development and aging of bryophytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mu-Chun Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ren-Yu Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhou-Geng Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao-Chen Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Xia Mai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; Core Facility Center of CEMPS, SIPPE, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
John A, Smith ES, Jones DS, Soyars CL, Nimchuk ZL. A network of CLAVATA receptors buffers auxin-dependent meristem maintenance. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1306-1317. [PMID: 37550370 PMCID: PMC11070199 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant body plans are elaborated in response to both environmental and endogenous cues. How these inputs intersect to promote growth and development remains poorly understood. During reproductive development, central zone stem cell proliferation in inflorescence meristems is negatively regulated by the CLAVATA3 (CLV3) peptide signalling pathway. In contrast, floral primordia formation on meristem flanks requires the hormone auxin. Here we show that CLV3 signalling is also necessary for auxin-dependent floral primordia generation and that this function is partially masked by both inflorescence fasciation and heat-induced auxin biosynthesis. Stem cell regulation by CLAVATA signalling is separable from primordia formation but is also sensitized to temperature and auxin levels. In addition, we uncover a novel role for the CLV3 receptor CLAVATA1 in auxin-dependent meristem maintenance in cooler environments. As such, CLV3 signalling buffers multiple auxin-dependent shoot processes across divergent thermal environments, with opposing effects on cell proliferation in different meristem regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amala John
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sarkel Smith
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel S Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Cara L Soyars
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zachary L Nimchuk
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gomez MD, Cored I, Barro-Trastoy D, Sanchez-Matilla J, Tornero P, Perez-Amador MA. DELLA proteins positively regulate seed size in Arabidopsis. Development 2023; 150:dev201853. [PMID: 37435751 PMCID: PMC10445750 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Human and animal nutrition is mainly based on seeds. Seed size is a key factor affecting seed yield and has thus been one of the primary objectives of plant breeders since the domestication of crop plants. Seed size is coordinately regulated by signals of maternal and zygotic tissues that control the growth of the seed coat, endosperm and embryo. Here, we provide previously unreported evidence for the role of DELLA proteins, key repressors of gibberellin responses, in the maternal control of seed size. The gain-of-function della mutant gai-1 produces larger seeds as a result of an increase in the cell number in ovule integuments. This leads to an increase in ovule size and, in turn, to an increase in seed size. Moreover, DELLA activity promotes increased seed size by inducing the transcriptional activation of AINTEGUMENTA, a genetic factor that controls cell proliferation and organ growth, in the ovule integuments of gai-1. Overall, our results indicate that DELLA proteins are involved in the control of seed size and suggest that modulation of the DELLA-dependent pathway could be used to improve crop yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores Gomez
- Department of Development and Hormonal Action in Plants, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Cored
- Department of Development and Hormonal Action in Plants, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniela Barro-Trastoy
- Department of Development and Hormonal Action in Plants, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquin Sanchez-Matilla
- Department of Development and Hormonal Action in Plants, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Tornero
- Department of Development and Hormonal Action in Plants, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Perez-Amador
- Department of Development and Hormonal Action in Plants, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zahn IE, Roelofsen C, Angenent GC, Bemer M. TM3 and STM3 Promote Flowering Together with FUL2 and MBP20, but Act Antagonistically in Inflorescence Branching in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2754. [PMID: 37570908 PMCID: PMC10420972 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The moment at which a plant transitions to reproductive development is paramount to its life cycle and is strictly controlled by many genes. The transcription factor SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) plays a central role in this process in Arabidopsis. However, the role of SOC1 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has been sparsely studied. Here, we investigated the function of four tomato SOC1 homologs in the floral transition and inflorescence development. We thoroughly characterized the SOC1-like clade throughout the Solanaceae and selected four tomato homologs that are dynamically expressed upon the floral transition. We show that of these homologs, TOMATO MADS 3 (TM3) and SISTER OF TM3 (STM3) promote the primary and sympodial transition to flowering, while MADS-BOX PROTEIN 23 (MBP23) and MBP18 hardly contribute to flowering initiation in the indeterminate cultivar Moneyberg. Protein-protein interaction assays and whole-transcriptome analysis during reproductive meristem development revealed that TM3 and STM3 interact and share many targets with FRUITFULL (FUL) homologs, including cytokinin regulators. Furthermore, we observed that mutating TM3/STM3 affects inflorescence development, but counteracts the inflorescence-branching phenotype of ful2 mbp20. Collectively, this indicates that TM3/STM3 promote the floral transition together with FUL2/MBP20, while these transcription factors have opposite functions in inflorescence development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris E. Zahn
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (I.E.Z.); (G.C.A.)
| | - Chris Roelofsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (I.E.Z.); (G.C.A.)
| | - Gerco C. Angenent
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (I.E.Z.); (G.C.A.)
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Bemer
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Swentowsky KW, Robil JM. Timekeeper's Dilemma: How Photo-Thermal Cues Alter Flowering Duration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023:7133836. [PMID: 37079898 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Swentowsky
- Assistant Features Editor, Plant Physiology, American Society of Plant Biologists, Rockville, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Janlo M Robil
- Assistant Features Editor, Plant Physiology, American Society of Plant Biologists, Rockville, USA
- Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sadka A, Walker CH, Haim D, Bennett T. Just enough fruit: understanding feedback mechanisms during sexual reproductive development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2448-2461. [PMID: 36724082 PMCID: PMC10112685 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fruit and seed produced by a small number of crop plants provide the majority of food eaten across the world. Given the growing global population, there is a pressing need to increase yields of these crops without using more land or more chemical inputs. Many of these crops display prominent 'fruit-flowering feedbacks', in which fruit produced early in sexual reproductive development can inhibit the production of further fruit by a range of mechanisms. Understanding and overcoming these feedbacks thus presents a plausible route to increasing crop yields 'for free'. In this review, we define three key types of fruit-flowering feedback, and examine how frequent they are and their effects on reproduction in a wide range of both wild and cultivated species. We then assess how these phenomenologically distinct phenomena might arise from conserved phytohormonal signalling events, particularly the export of auxin from growing organs. Finally, we offer some thoughts on the evolutionary basis for these self-limiting sexual reproductive patterns, and whether they are also present in the cereal crops that fundamentally underpin global diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Catriona H Walker
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dor Haim
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Institute, Rishon Le’Zion 7528809, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mubarok S, Jadid N, Widiastuti A, Derajat Matra D, Budiarto R, Lestari FW, Nuraini A, Suminar E, Pradana Nur Rahmat B, Ezura H. Parthenocarpic tomato mutants, iaa9-3 and iaa9-5, show plant adaptability and fruiting ability under heat-stress conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1090774. [PMID: 36938002 PMCID: PMC10014533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1090774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruit set is one of the main problems that arise in tomato plants under heat-stress conditions, which disrupt pollen development, resulting in decreased pollen fertility. Parthenocarpic tomatoes can be used to increase plant productivity during failure of the fertilisation process under heat-stress conditions. The aim of this study were to identify the plant adaptability and fruiting capability of ?iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 tomato mutants under heat-stress conditions. The iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 and wild-type Micro-Tom (WT-MT) plants were cultivated under two temperature conditions: normal and heat-stress conditions during plant growth. The results showed that under the heat-stress condition, iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 showed delayed flowering time, increased number of flowers, and increased fruit set and produced normal-sized fruit. However, WT-MT cannot produce fruits under heat stress. The mutants can grow under heat-stress conditions, as indicated by the lower electrolyte leakage and H2O2 concentration and higher antioxidant activities compared with WT-MT under heat-stress conditions. These results suggest that iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 can be valuable genetic resources for the development of tomatoes in high-temperature environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syariful Mubarok
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Jadid
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ani Widiastuti
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Deden Derajat Matra
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Rahmat Budiarto
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | | | - Anne Nuraini
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Erni Suminar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Bayu Pradana Nur Rahmat
- Master Graduate Program of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Walker CH, Ware A, Šimura J, Ljung K, Wilson Z, Bennett T. Cytokinin signaling regulates two-stage inflorescence arrest in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:479-495. [PMID: 36331332 PMCID: PMC9806609 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To maximize reproductive success, flowering plants must correctly time entry and exit from the reproductive phase. While much is known about mechanisms that regulate initiation of flowering, end-of-flowering remains largely uncharacterized. End-of-flowering in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) consists of quasi-synchronous arrest of inflorescences, but it is unclear how arrest is correctly timed with respect to environmental stimuli and reproductive success. Here, we showed that Arabidopsis inflorescence arrest is a complex developmental phenomenon, which includes the arrest of the inflorescence meristem (IM), coupled with a separable "floral arrest" of all unopened floral primordia; these events occur well before visible inflorescence arrest. We showed that global inflorescence removal delays both IM and floral arrest, but that local fruit removal only delays floral arrest, emphasizing their separability. We tested whether cytokinin regulates inflorescence arrest, and found that cytokinin signaling dynamics mirror IM activity, while cytokinin treatment can delay both IM and floral arrest. We further showed that gain-of-function cytokinin receptor mutants can delay IM and floral arrest; conversely, loss-of-function mutants prevented the extension of flowering in response to inflorescence removal. Collectively, our data suggest that the dilution of cytokinin among an increasing number of sink organs leads to end-of-flowering in Arabidopsis by triggering IM and floral arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catriona H Walker
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alexander Ware
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jan Šimura
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zoe Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Karami O, Rahimi A. The end of flowering: interactions between cytokinin and regulatory genes. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:840-842. [PMID: 35701292 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the molecular regulation of global proliferative arrest (GPA) in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has been studied extensively, the precise role of the different contributors and their interconnections requires further research. A recent contribution by Merelo et al. now provides evidence that repression of cytokinin (CK) signaling affects the promotion of GPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Karami
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333, BE, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Arezoo Rahimi
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333, BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Over-Expression of Larch DAL1 Accelerates Life-Cycle Progression in Arabidopsis. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Homologs of Larix kaempferiDEFICIENS-AGAMOUS-LIKE 1 (LaDAL1) promote flowering in Arabidopsis. However, their functional role in the whole life-cycle is limited. Here, we analyzed the phenotypes and transcriptomes of Arabidopsis plants over-expressing LaDAL1. With respect to the defined life-cycle stage of Arabidopsis based on the meristem state, the results showed that LaDAL1 promoted seed germination, bolting, flower initiation, and global proliferative arrest, indicating that LaDAL1 accelerates the meristem reactivation, the transitions of vegetative meristem to inflorescence and flower meristem, and meristem arrest. As a marker gene of meristem, TERMINAL FLOWER 1 was down-regulated after LaDAL1 over-expression. These results reveal that LaDAL1 accelerates the life-cycle progression in Arabidopsis by promoting the transition of meristem fate, providing more and novel functional information about the conifer age-related gene DAL1.
Collapse
|
18
|
Plant development: Unveiling cytokinin’s role in the end of flowering. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R168-R170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|